Newspapers / Highland Messenger (Asheville, N.C.) / May 29, 1846, edition 1 / Page 2
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... o. . ,- .. :..!;'..,; '-, ' - '' f : '.'."'" !' -i; '.' .-.''" ' ' ' '-' ' . '''.!'. ; ; f ' - ;:. - - - ; i .... :J. ;" '! . J " ' ' " ' ' J-"' j '" '.' ' ' 'j '' j ' "41! 1 . . i.r -n; jr.; A ill Mil. I 1 i ,(. ' ; ; rr: i ! -7! ' : I j t';)';j' I r . - . ( ' ;:.f.. ! i 1 ' 1. r The Irtaiy doc not purpose to convey pmiunoi tin private property or in Jividual Cherokees; nor didAx TCr enter into the ; minds ot the contracting parties lo convey any greater imprest imtho lands than the in. tercst slated 1)10 right of ocCttancV -sucb the Indian tribes hive beca adorned lu po. - r.ss mc tno discovery and settlement of tin i( country by iho naii ias of Europe. Anxious to avoij all titigailoa respecting the t right of-the Cherokees remaining in, North Carolina to the la nds granted to them- by the State; knowing that it would bo attended , with much trouble ond expense to them, as vrelt a to the citizens of North Carolina and . Tennessee wh"oj resided on tho UnJ. Do ring the jst tcq years, as' the records of the War Drputmcnt prove, every means In , mv pnwer hive been used to obtain a just ' coar penaai ion to be ma do ' to tho .India ot by 't lhc government of the JJm'ufd: States: t Thai being don tie question of title to tho lands contained in the g'onl rnado to tle (forth Carolina Indians would be set l led; Tlie 'Cherko nation," aiocc relieved fiocn a state T. of duresse, h v sanctiontd the treaty of -35. j'JTho present Cherokee, governmegt, (form. wl sinco.tlrij inisratifHi of the lrtbo wei of I ha Mississippi river,) auihirized their prinef. pal duel to rvomc I the per,. ; ::a money. provided fortiiKler luo 15th ..article of the t reaty ( 15331 ,3 6 which, outbf iho appro. piitiun nwdu to ca'rryrthat provison of the treaty into cfltctji on the Cth. of Sept, vao piid tc J.din R a;.also tho nation hasJeetlin " the receipt of the annuities aruing ln$inthe investment of 104,000 under the provisions f the treaty, and has received the further urn. of " 172,313 47, '(March 7, 1840,) paid out "of the pre capltd fund to the Cherokee west, while the North Carolina Indians aro not allowed to .occupy but.a, very tnnll por , tion of the InJ which Werp granted to them , ,-.. .s.r ... ......v. , ..... they Tttntn -compensation tor then. boon at. ter inc pre sentaanupisiriyion came into p-iw. er myft application; so often made for the refer rnce of the questions ttlttiog to the claims of the North Cartjiina Indians, to the Attorney General, was renewed, i "ThW; Pfesiilcnt final. ly consented to refer tho questions raised by ine-ftnd on' the lllh of June 1845, submued' . them to il Attorney CenSkl.for his'opinion; nnd on lit 19lh September, ho ndJrc.3cd a 'ccimmunicationto the President j in which, he njsi,(Oa the lllh of June last, yy did me tho honor lo refer to .ma a report of the Com. missioncr of Indian .Affairs of the 19th of May; and a reply ' thereto of William H. Thomas, on behalf of certain Cherokee In. riian's,'1 . : 4on which' you desire my opinion in wrilinp. r. r in a memo. rnndum -which is amongst Jthe papers trans, mittrd, there art four questions. propounded: 1st. . Are theCherokecs remaining in tho State oT North Carolina and Tennessee entitl ed, under the 8th and 12th, rlrelca'..of the Cherokee fresty', of; December,, 1835, to '853 33 for their claims, for' removal and fcubjislence allowinc'?, which have ' been paid jo l he Clicrokces in Georgia? i:j 't'l r 1';'. , , ,,2l. In ;ho event that thi Altorney Gen rraV should bo of opjoion that the Cherokees in North Carolina land Tcnncssea ard not 4 entitled to compensation for, their claims for removal and subsistence allowance, whether the grant 'mode by the State? of North Carolina ito the Cherokee Indians, in tho year 1783, ' vested the fee Isimplo title in the Indians while thcy continuod toTeiide thereon; a&d whp. thcx, under tho provisions of tho grant, the fee aimpl title has not vested exclusively in the Cherokee Indians yithiri its limits?; 1 v "3-1. VVhether tHe treaty of 1835, made with the Cherokee Indians of, Georgia j docs or docs not legally convey - io the United States the lands granted to the North Caroli- an Indians by the act of J783? Whether the power oflhe Cherokees as 'a naiion had or had not ceased to exist at the lime 4he frcaty of December, 1845, was conclu.lcd, in consequence the tribe baving passed under . the dumraion of the "Stales? v - 'li. Wiieiher. the relinquishment fit in, tcrc.it in the lads whiqh'the treaty ;of, 1833 purports to jcojvey, is or Is ftotconfintd to inose Cherokees who"havertan?l do receive tvif duo portion bthe consideration flvmn nnd wlKsther the title or those who receivo it p i rt of the compcosatioh has passed to tho United Statcsl " " -r-' : ' . ' " -; 'The first' of hoso involves ah ' ioquiw i whether, under thp' treaty of Nwp I.hota; those Cherokee who had rcmiinrd - in the - Siates of Tonnesscn nnd.North Carolina axe t ntitled, underthe 8.h atid)l2'h arttcl. s of the treaty , 40 803 33l)r removal and subsistence allowance? ' ,. ; . " 1 , -.iThii inquiry is embarrassed by the. fact that, thrso-alloWances have been made to . Cherokees who have reinnfocdin Cv'orgia, by ii: dteistrinj at-! tho ; War,,lparW.nenlii:ond by f ihtvfaCt bf payment bcin made to.bthers ol tho tribo who did not emigrate Dy the 2 j 4wi resolution of Congress approved June 15, : 184 i, the" interpretation under which t ihe Georgina . Indians wcro paid appears, to have been acted oq by 'the War- Dcpirtmcnt but for a sliort iine,;,; 7 f , .VTht circumstances undorj which, pay. : -fnentslwera directed''' by,"l!wi.Mn resolution1 are stated in thr report of tltc; Commissioner '.'of Indian ; A ff1rs. lfappears to me that thq confirmation of tle decisis n of Messrs. Eiton and llubtey, declared Gy that resold; ' tinu, cannol, withaU'the respect due to Coo . trroM. be rrirardcd bs settling the' construe lion of the trbatri so aitto furnish a guide. ; .to the Exi-culive in carrying a treaty,, as a law, inib effect. - J , . ' . i i 4In its construction, it is; said that Ubb language mcd in trenticst witrj ln1an , sjiould never be construed lb their prrjiidicc. . ; v IlWtha words of the. treaty ; were understood by this unlettered people,- ralhcr - thun their artuul meaning, should form the , tulc of construction. V t., J ' .Vt lu the pnpets accompanying, yonr" com-' munication ore 8everaf stiteinentsfurnished W tho comnissioncc rb'Vi, neP,t'alc lne r I treaty op the part of .tho United States, and jtJpociubk persons who-wero nrtv) to the negbtiaiivi, tending ib alviw-rthat the Indians : jwere assured thnt rh-K8 who Idid not emiaate ; should have the benefit f this ' pecuriiary aJ. kwanrc- According to well established ru!es of law, I am of opinioft'iat this evidence is not adnUisio.c to rsiWi.n! a construction of thq treaty inconsistent witlr hs provisin. Whatever rmy be done by t,foigrrss fulfil txpecLiiton ihusyzreoled, I m clrarty of'opin. ibu that the Executive cantvv. exocnte .the trtatv on any Ruch const rurt)0T,- , VThc other, threo question may be solved into-three inquires-," wliethrr the lan d- in North Cirohna belonged to tho North Car-' olioa Iodin rcsiJins; upoti 'lhcm. These bnds hdvc been sld by the iale of Nor.h barolina. and are. I' presume, in the pos session of the ourcbaiers. As the Executive of the United States would have no power lo divest ihos4 in possession, and the cecstion is one far the judic'uty, I have deemed it unnecessary to enibraceianj views upon it in this communication. Nor have I deemed ji proper to express my opinion on the' :hard measure which eem.M havo been dealt out to tho North Csrdlioi Indians, whose lands have been toast, while they havo ."' received no corresponding lejte&L J I . have examined the question, as boo ; of legll constjuciion n?y , nd have n doubt bf tho correctness of my conclusion in tha .reipcct i" I ; "JOHN V. MASC - This opinion, en . tho 2 J of J3ctober, wasj npproved by.'thc rcttfii : of the United; States, and be made th4 following endorse' ineut on tliapapersf! concu'r itf"oinion with tholAtiorney 'General. The follow.l iog conclusions seei toi be dcdjcibjTfroro, it;- iry..f,,;i. ' 'i;.-,'- li . 1st. That, if the deciaiioohad been made upon the question of the fee simple title hav jnp; vested in the North Carolina Indians to the whole quantity of and granted by the State of lorth Carolina in the year 1783, and that tho title: derived from the State', and held by them under jhei guaranty, was not conveyed to tho United States by the treaty of 1835, it would bajre been In vori of jthe Indians, a ndthat they lero jcltitlcd to the Eossesston the lancls.J Jfor if he had not clievcd tbd't thdecisipn, if -made, would be as staged, thektoaiorx or declining to give it (hat the Executive of the Unitod States did not possess thq power to di vest those in jissei'sionMi-did nc;t exist, h is obvious, thfcrefore tha a j compliance w ith his deci sion, if mlde J would require the removal of the whites in North Carolina and Tennessee . I li - . ! 5, ., r-. . had become "purchasers under the States ...jy, luw ibiJW3 rescrvcu mr uso ui, nu t' present owned:;by, the North CarotTna Indians. KTbObpinion hat ahose tahJs w ere not conveyed to tho United Stairs under the treaty of 1835, 1 is fujnhtr proved to Jiave been entertained, by the VVart Department afhee lhe'""rat'fication pf jhe i fcityr ;The agent pf the Cerpkccs Dj F.Curry by .instruction which .iman;ated.frorn: Hhat.de.; partment on; the 28tli. July, 1335, was auth orized to obtain a Lrclinquishment, from the North Carolina Indians! of " all - their right V to occupancy " In J and to ilia ' country cast of tho. Mississippi, "and Ja surrcnder'rof. all Iheir righs inUhesatnc.f .(Sec Senate; doc. No, 120p. 156 ): j Thejogeut, in obedience to his insiructiohi,' rnade propositions, to the Indian's for a tulrenier Ot their title to ihe lands in North") Caroiinal bbti they refused compliance. . Sinco llicnjnothing further has been done by the government of the United Slate's to perfect her titlei or to purchase that of the North Carolina Iodians. The Cherokees iof Nonh Carolina, not withstanding tliey had nojpolitical connexion whatever with tho;Jhcrokee8s of the lower lown, nfier they hn passbd j under' thejaws of ihe States ialwhich ihey resided, and were not present or reprenteq at the councU. ofl t-zneroKccs, wno, in itictr naiviuun capacny, melat New EchotnJ Geo -gia, and negotia. ted the. .treaty iof December, 1835, have, nevertheless, since jthat limOj on receiving information. . I ' j J.: . , . ! . .! Ti at a treatyfhadbccq q.nludt:d with thpir brethren in Georgia, signified, a ; willingness tof osstnl lo 'the '-cession Jf the usufructuary interest which) he pheroklccji had in the lands 1 and have also, ingrecd to abandon the lands gfantcd to them j byjthe S ate of North Caro lina, for the benefit ofjhe purchasers, .on condition that their jpropp tron oflhe moneys annronriated bv Cbrtirress as a consideration for tho common ' oro!pert 1' previously owned by tfho nation, wfas p.iid to them,and they per mitted to remain in, the S ate subject to he laws, and .'purchase res dencca for them selves like white persons," as provided.under .the 12th article? of the irqatV. removaUwest bir.i? left to their own ontioni - ' . . .. By the 15ih'article, ih'V moneys appropri ated by the act of July , 1836, and 12th Juno, 1839 - amounting in ilhe aggregate to $6,647, 067, were to ,bc appoftiofiedfby the "United States, as trustee,, among al theCherokees included in the cehsut of the portion ot the tribo at that lime rcmainin; cast ,n in lha fol lowing manner : A divis on Of the eastern Cherokees bci.ng contemplated, a portion to remain iin become citizen i of ihe States un der the 12th j article and ibc remainder jo join the portion o the tribe; then west of , the Mississippi river. .' As unir doCcinenl to unile at some future period tho Cherokee people in the country assigned for theii pennanenl residence west,- 8500,000 Mvere deducted from the nrico of the lands enst. for 800.000 acres west1adj'iin;ng: ' tp:rme"(lsnds Occupied by former Omicranti, for lne use of tho tribe wcil;' also a hniinQalJund was provided (10th aitiele)r r.:' ppOQOif F.Tp ihrr :t5tirrn!rs of pducaliOn , was v ! ' TTy'6ha .L'r r r i provided? under the 10ih articqf apdy V supplemental 3d article. . ' -j, 250,000 For the orphans of the tribe,: under the 10th. article was provided tho ; 7 sum ol ; ! i'- ..,H ''"?' 50,000 T-' -,;!-;. "if-'.' -.1 500,000 Also 4! permanent i annuity arising I j umlpr trestirs "made'i with the eastern ' L Cherokees was" commuted fir .S2f4, - ; ' 000, and transferred, west f r the uso i oflhe whole Cherokee peop e west of ir i 1 the Mississippi' as a national fund -214.000 lb addition lo this, the schobl fCind,- . -y created by sale nriands seta part lor thai purpose by ihe eastern Cherokees, was transfer red west to braddcd to ihq school fund - U " - " 50,000 87G4.000 Tlic sum therefircs of 764,00,.jn whb the, Cherokees that remained in the States had a common interest ,&was transferred" west Ol that sum-only S3 00.000 were chafjreable bn the BnDroDriiktioni rcferrdd to. which, with the sum paid for land wed, 500,000, make the sum of SI .000,000 to. bd deducted from Lthejipnroprhtions oatance 01 ,oo-, tb another charee c H. htj IfavinfT to. bo abporfiioned amons the rrWoLre infradcd in'th'e cfcnsus referred 1 in the 15th articlCttiid 3J lupWcmcnUl article $5,G04,G7. At the. time. tho'migraiion closed., in 1833, it was ascertained th-U at tho places the Cherokee were collected for emigration' ani when Joo their journey lo the west, abool 2.000 died, thereby dimintsliinj the number, embraced in the ccn sui, from 10,737 to 14,737, Of that number about 1.530 remiined iu the States of Georj in, Alabama. Tervuessce. and North C ub'ii ,..r f - - of$6,6qi,067,Jeuiving I protect ana aeiena inem iUr possessions OSTrwhifch sum is subject p property! ana iceeyjse sod occupational. f 880,000 for the national lh same-M And if ihislsoot done,- r.a principally in tho Utter Slate ahich would leave in the west when tbe-cmigraiKti closed, cf those ioclodcd ru the censo, bf sides their ilaves that eroigratod with tneni 13,237. .Since that tima ttie p.tin o-l t! Uib4 west have dirain'ulwd in nambcrs ro rspidly that untcss t'arj causes can bo fciin J- fed they must tiecome extinct in a few geocrij iindur tfhotesomo law and "regal !i ns, hi'fe increased in about the stine ratio as the hi te ponlatkn. Thc Chcrokeci in North Caro lina, el the time a census ras taken, in 184 9, Oumbercd 1 ,069. Since thsn no census hs been taken of the Cheroket-s east, except of One town by the name of Quail, sjtuatcd on the lands granted by the act of 1783. At t!ic time the'former census was taken, in 184Q the total number wts 659. Four yeafs f- trwarj,.wnen in$ cvusuf-was again iaacn, it showed an increase of 113, makiog the to tal number 782. The Chcrbkecs of that tpwti probnblTjiava increased, as fast jQ ailt other people have almost entirely abandoh rd tho-use of all intoxicattner drinks, under the Influence jpf a temperance society, cstab-j lished by oneof the chiefs, snd hare become 1 cultivators oflhe soil, Soosmg thejr lance or-lne iNorin Uaroltna Indians to- ?, . in creased in the same proportion-, and thatthe increase has continued toj ihe present time, it Would give in that State, including scatter ing individuals that have removed there fronv thq Stale of Georgia, 1,499., .Tbeitprop'ux- iion oi mo lunus 8ucc io cisiriouuo j. ujk cr the 15th article and3d supplemental article of ihe treaiy supposing the ificroaso cast o be equivalent to the. decrease west, arid that the present number entitled to per capita, al lowance is equal to what it was at the close of tho emigration, "by including a few who fcrui. grated between 41 833 and 1833, '(14,737,) would givo as the equitablo proportion to which the North Caroliina Indians would be entitled, the sum of 84971,881 80, while it is a well established fact 'that ihey have not re ceived as much Irom ihfe United. States as was dua them for improvements, iScc.J! under the. treaties of 1817 and 1819, -and what has been received has becjn paid lb a. few-individuals of -'the whole number; and to . ih ?m payment xvas not made for, their lands, but for improvements i hey were fo rccdto ab m dorr for the use of the. whites.. ...Reervairtitjs were not paid for out of lUhe proceeds of ijhe sales of the Cherokee iantjs'eatybejnchariTe. able to the United Slates!, ani payable cut ot funds to be appropriatedfor that purpose. Having shown what ihe share of the North Carolina Indians. would be if all equitable clis tribution of the funds were made, after sett ng apart $764,000 for th ieparate use of ihe tribe west, I will now procecd'to slate tipob what conditions they are willing to relinquish their interest in the lanJs contained in the' grant made , tolhem by; the Stale ofNorlh, Carolina in the jfcar,17$3jjso as lo avoid re sorting to the mode of adjustment of the ques tion pointed out in the bpiriioiv of the Attort ncy General oflhe United Stated, which was to leave it to the decision of thi, Sup'reme Court, The following provisions, conslr jed as the Indians underbtmid them , authorize the payment of as much money as would salitfy the Indians under existing circumstances. By the 12th article of lhe treaty, it is pro vided ;for the Cherokees remaining in the States-as follows : "Those .indryiduils, and amities of the , Cherokee "nation that arc a verse to a removal lo the Cherokcjp country west of thd Mississippi and are desirous to become citizens of the States where they rc, side; and 'such as are qu ilified to take care of themselves and their property, hall be entitled to .receive .their. due portion of all ths personal benefits of the treaty for .their claims, im prave'mants, and per capita, as soon as ah bp propriation is made for this treaty." V-:j Vy 'Such heaids of Cherokee families as'S're desirous to reside within ihe States of Ncrth Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama, subject to the laws of the same, and who are qualified or calculated to bcpoiue useful citizens," shall po cniuieu, on; me cenpicaie pi tne comms bioners, to a pre-emption right to one-hundred and sixty acres of laud, or oue quarler section, at the iminimumCongress price, st as to ih. clyde the present buildings or improYcmcu'-s of those who' now 'reside theiTp."' , The Kith article provides; for', the payment of iho' value of reservations granted under the 8ih article of the treaty) 6f 1817, and the 2d article of. tlie treatyjoff 1819, that hive been sold by the States, exeppt in cases'where the iife-estat6, reservews had soldj their reicr vations, or anpr part tic?eof, arid conveyed the same by dt,ed.br,,bthcrwise'and hue been paid by the same: V they; their luitrs or.descendanls or their assigns, shall not be considered, as having anyj" claims upon' the United States under this article of the treaty,11 V It is expressly understood by the paries to this treaty, that ihe amount to bo 'allowed e ! "A .li ...i' .'r'l'-C u for reservations under this article of tlio tft?a. y'shall not be deducted out of the considera. tion money allowed tiro Cherokees for their claims forspoliations and Ihe ccsiion of their lands; bul the same is lo be paid for iy&epcri denllg by the United Slalfo, as ii .is only a just fulfilment 4f former treaty ..stipulations.-"";' ' By the 1st supplemental article; it is pro. vldcd f that 11 the pro-cmption rights and re., servations provided for In articles 12 and 13 shall bo and are, hereby relinquished and de dared void,'1 for which compensation i pro videdTby the 3-i artjete for tha rescrvees rm l pre-emptors in" lieu of-their rights. h ihertfore agreed that iho sum of six hundred thousand dollars shall be, and the s.irne is here-' by r uflowed tt the Cherokee pcnple, to include: the expense of, their removal; and all chirm of every nature anl description against the government of the' United States', not herein otherwise expressly provided for,'tipnd lo be; in l:cu of thc $ald reservaiionafbnd prc-enb. xionsj .r; W ?'..:- ! . Thc 16lh 'article provides Uiat the Qiero-; kecs j with the rxcep1tioYiof ihosc that chse! to" remain east 4irtder the 12th article, -sho'dldf remove, 10 meir new nomes witnm iwo ycixi during such ime Unite i States f stialK and the peopla "ajre" ft unprotected, ffen they United Slates shall hny the several Ch sr. J for tlvcir losw upd dames sustair pd by tliem in cor.eooonce thereof. Under ibis provision pf the treaty itbecanp the duty of tho Government Co jprotect the Cherkeos until the cnii'gr.itiop elosi1, or pay tlio dimagrs the indiiduils stained Tibr want of the protection njrntnisrd. , Either if a compliance with'tho treaty, and w.ts prolja- bly j provided ioenao'e iho rneml govern uiv-nt lo avoid -collisions with, the SiutcV.ii from' the. ratification "of! this treaty:"- and-Unl'4 blood i'lfiJiahk'-wKti; chose ronHairt'in ' the j.-It. . -lit -AL it' M,rl .1 .tw.;. f.t-L ... .i : " .. 'j3 v ' ' ... -...- i.n'LrtSn Phtkrrttrrbeot.liidt Jtho husband with the downfall k -." 1 1 ihoritics govercnicnl 1Hy"u'v V T. " ' r.i. . - Under tac toiToir ' provtsioiis ot ui "v.. . . : ' , ... -j r . , i mir a c i t i: w limatxa lush i IT...t ir. lti nrliU nfthatrCStV U Js 8 brn?iits," as here Used of . the treaty except ,h& ! S.t.Wy rl apart for the'cxclusive use of ihe natien.wos' and therefore termed national funds nersnal 'bcntfits were Comprehended re moval and subsistence, or commutation ' tfierc for in money! which wa hunU'J by ihe mil article to $53 33 eath: ilfere rerfhws du to' the North Carolina ;4o iiaus, (1,40 per sons) 1 -un3e'rVthat ' :rovls1rtJ; of V. the treaty , which became due at the lime-they ehosejo remain cast ." ;..'", J f S79,41-5 ot Interest on that sum from.jhc government under- the iat provisions ir the treaty paid niost 'pfnetjhe'nkecs'rcniai'uing in'tV Si ate of Georgia, cirtars The payment of pc per capita lundcr th6 same ' article was to have been iniidu on the 2J of JoIt IRHfi. to tho Cherokees that remained east; nearly ten years have ffasscd, and -not a dollar of it has beerh paid to thein yel, while two psyments outbf the per lea pi la money have been made west. ' i On the 0th of September, 194 1 , there wris paid bul of the per capita fund ito John lloss , onan order from the. Cherokee council as ngent of hc tribe, . . r;S531 ,3 $ 11 v a decision -Vnnde bv tiw1 Secretary ol War, bearing date ureh 9, 1840, tbcre waspaid to the Cherokees" west, to j beV charged ns per capita' ' l'ifi' '': 1 1172,31047' The two paymtenjts of per capita b.b.ove reher red to niriounted in the , aggregate to ?53; G63 35, lor 'Which the Clterokecs of North Car'blhm, as nfi: equivalent therefor, are'e'nti l!cd to ' . - . 79,710 S3 And interest en that sum 1 from live. 2J ot July, ' 1S3G, to the 2 J of July, 18.1(, . ;.,':- ft -:' y.;-; i- . 47,S2G 00 21(j,209 .OS ' Tiic bata nee of tliei r cluims tir reservations and'pre-cmptions rclibquisht'd undcrtho-sup-plerue'jital articles of, lhes treaty t and improve ment cJainVi provided for under llie 2i 'art icleofths treaty of. 1919, CtS) well 1 as claims for property lost bytho '-Cherokees eustMj consc,qucncc of the government! failing lIo protect them untiittho emigration "; was com pleted as provided for under j the lOvh article of the treaty,, cm only bc,eetthd by "a board of Commissioners.' ..What' Is hcre;s Ad in re Terence lo ihe claims of tho iNor Caroftna Indians is rqu rlly -opplicablo to ihd claims of ihoso reading in thejother SmisJ . Ilavinir Mated in the Dtcedin xi 'marks the claims of r: the CltetokexdLba the articles of die treaty wnich i ciied.j preyuio tor them il a construction bo -establish'-d in nc cerdance iih the iritent io,b .and understand ing of ihe. p iitics and cortairily ; on insti-u. ment affec-iing the,. r.ighti.of absent .persons",. middwilhouf their consent,1 ought,-if they would subinit to it, lo be construed fully as libera .as those cont"racting for them intended I will, in conclusion, adduce1 some evidence to show the ditTereii 'classes of Clicrokces re. mauling in Ihe Sta,to of: North Carolina, and j the laws passed b) the.late for their benefit, as well as some evidence of , the opinion en tertained of ihcm" by their, whito neighbors hs to their" being peaceable, and orderly citi zens. . ;.' : ' -.'.' ; .'.- " ' The IIon. T. Hartley Craivfdrd, (formerly Commissioner, of Jndionitffiirs,) in his report lo the. Secrvtary Of Var, (jluted 22d F-bruary. 134 1, says ; . .There' are Cherokee- Imdia&s cast of the Mississippi river who have been variously estimated from 1 100 to 1200. They arc believed to "be in North pviroirna,;,Geor. "ii, and Teiincssee chiefly in the, former Ssiaiw; of those in Jorth Carolina a portion. (333,) I have learned; petitioned tho' codimis sijjnors ilhd commiltcQ.tiptioinlcd to carfy into cffiCl ihe late treaty concluded at New Echota',' j December :X9, 1635f stating that they were averse to removal to. the Ciefokee' couptry.west of the Mississippi, and desire to Continue citizens ol'induhjf'ct;to the l.avyy of tho'Siatc 'of North Cu'r'tflma, where - tlicv ; " Another portion of ihem, calltnl' Euclrel la's band, from 44i? pari they tookr.in ar resting the murderer of some Soldiers, indu ced the white ciVi7.cnw,io request tho. military commander Col. ;Foster) to pennit.-them to remain east, which was granted; ani the' re mainder of those east, or tjife third tlass, in eludes thosd who were urtible from ag3 - and ,i infirmity jTo.rcmove'and their children left .to take care of tliehi.".-v;-:-:,r- : .';. '. ;;,:;, 'Upon looking ipto the "only twaVblumes: oJTiha L'iws.;-of North Carolina lhat ard'ac. cessihle by rue, -I find thit initho -yoar". 1783 a certain tract of and. oalrtlv in Macon, and Ilaywboicbunties, Mortis Carol in , and. part ly inilhe Stale ot' Ten ness.ee;- ws '" reserve 1j unto the said Ch rokeaf- Indians a-nd their nation torever. " :'-'. -'-,f '! ' copy, (Unified)' of a lav ofthe satd; iSta! -J' 1. , ... . :.r Tn i ' . passea iri'January,' 1837. entitled An act to prevent Traudsoti Cherokee Indians re suhn i n' -thTs State Jby .wlxich M enacted "Tiiat all coutrdcts oivery-inaturo and dc. scriptioiij made after the ejghWnth bf May, one thousand elghl hundred an JMhirtyeighi, with any Cherokee. IfidiaTn, or . any pcrso: of Cherokee Indian blood within the second de gree, for nit amount equal to; tea?' dollars or thafe',- shall be null 'ah( voidAunliome memorandum thcrteof b -made" in writinlf i lmd1 signeu Dy sjcu iuarn, or person ot inaiun Uoid,? or arijmooibe person by .lrh -.author.' ized, in the presence of two croditnble wif. ncrssel who shall also subscribe the same.''-. . -, ' ttvi II be.-observed that this" law wWfs'scd two "years "be fore the tmigratibn(bmr4cctf, .giving thoassent of tho STatOvnoi oiVlyVwther educated lIifjlood Chero'keeLijat ttkihbull' lanrl f ttw U (Tolt.'-.X. " iuii.il.-. v lm wuii uHucri tiorn in the. biale, -nothing more wa m bus sary-tiHaakc them cilizen's but alton'hrucd resid t. W"o u. lr,J r'.!i. A.V ,rinin tn tlie Stale, who are j n,rt l!in ih u-lt Ti..- 0JK 1 .... . ... . .. .. agree caaie 1uj not been ;unmihdml of thc-smallf remnant' of aborigimj inlnbitants thai, bs h'tir content, jai dw !in the Jyid coniaining the sacredrbli of their ancestors. At ho session o(J tho legilajmrp,MnH.15 il; a law"" -wa nsed tocburao thrn, in the raising of siik,arid aux&yd.10'11 lo incoi Jkrato them seUrsinty a company capable of purchasing anddiolding lands in ih St iteJ and to etcr. j cie ottUT Corporate nghts and privileges : . ihir preamble to the law tccitc4 Whereas, :nce wuiiin her limits twelve iiKntthstaKc carp pf himself? ' Gingh ginglel gfngle t ably; to" the hWsof thState. : The .oc, abrok baskit of waUUffsom jraidy: j,:,h,.,iUr ite neighbors s coiiduclina y - , i, , .kw,c.Mt .i icaccaWo iiod odvrlV . jl aWeand r?rfl.ki cWarsimprbr iw: , adv con nicriced the culture and' mayiu (.,.,r:r kilk. and (or tho encoursffemeju iKrt4hOrcb Its it chacted, 'andattBiesam. tension, rrilm sl nator'sf and Meniberri iaCon ii;. IrHis aturc passcu a cqsoiuuon Lrcqort - io iresifini;iiiirpiio '" .t- T I J u'.Jn il.n J.kt c i ms Pt uiose lUJiaus scitico. 'tv. ,,w j t 4 : . . it fullf submitted. . v:- ,Z f ! . ' ' ' I .-v i i - j? . ..k Vhhbe,!iiijUesit r?9WXi,..your o.wujeni servant,, r "'?'' -.:-..V..'i U crn LJuroxees. Hon. 4 WmJ MfioiL, Commissioner of Indian iVs. iV the. Hi The' rititlollay lti-;Iiw lorK,' Three ! ftmrths of (he; whole i.i'filsB illation of .New Ftirk city fro'; Fl; an- mtalhcomoit being without jin cd ' caliabiutton for more .than 4 year at ;a timo:1' rnie miliums ot property inu Qi-greai ciiy is comparatively fpcrckmg,in;hfe hands f bul feV meni Ono ot tiom own wnow blocks or! squares and sonic wnole $tjrccts or pcVf,;;Tho:jonqucnccp, ihai-? lords fin Uctiqnts1 v.orUie . occupant? ;,m$ ing about five of the Jnttcr to one. ol thlor- TRp rrf.ts of sMntees nnd F houses rnhrrn frrtm .IWrrtV.flVC tO SIX' tllOUSnd '- OOl- ,i K a year! Lei.ses are rather urn ommon; this kicks up; a if Mp .'te sliBpeor a gen eral tearing down anil jjng vp on. iho first of; May injcach year; orji geniral mnvc, nnd irjhtib e called ,iivCcauon dilv,1 and with btttel reason Uiab. those; that day is krni for lho?e in Nov: pftjaciriyenr, for t!;rce fourths of till the houses i the city aro crllv leftT'c vacua ted", turned .jinsi.de out , but are immediately 'reodeupiijd bv -'-f other -folks "Coming' events caet tin ir shadows before,1' and or the' first "thiy.of Tt britaiy pr:,Vi6us to the move,! bi!ls may be Iscen- all over- the dosrs anqf sides of thq "Louses; " lo Lct, Enquire of;11 &c. &c: '1 j hen follows a general tramping, running, walking, nhd trotting ofmch and V .... . . . - 4 omen- Ik find aT.7c(f to suit them: this continues -for,. about tuoaveck's, and' if weather, is wet , of. j- U'fumiujn, 1 l.'fVJ nib iimi l.'lilll. j on I "It. I 11 , , - V ,'.. rrJn ! I rl rw ' A' r ., of ,all such houses sutVis .liiaiiejdtHn, bhd the ' sef-. vants arc tormented all dav lboc with I wont to sec toe nsTde' of tills -house ' thr rj follows an end'esslsterotyped etliiion ,of questious ahout tl.e number Of f(onW fireplaices, grates k j l c h e u , Ui s c men t , . c c 1 1 a r garret raps, mieej yard-i, gatden, water, .-ltd. bugs -' ibhsketocs neighbors ctr, etc, witHbu.t begiauing or Ctfd, like a woman.'s loriiuu Oihe laUi'Vs will excuse lis (for so . slight pn. illusion) all-1 of which must be seen-or loo itd fiir before leay- . - -'.I; )-,-' . : ' i in"! After thij is over tthincs take, arrest for about. t-o months . wheb.-a ia-kingljown4 of ocus'.eus, ciotne presses, mtrrprs, pictures, p.uimngs, siujnnuie, - pnu .noes, .ac nnd a piling up if ''duds and J. cart men' ftrn engaged v ... .t . i . . s for hmovm 4 . vt ks before liand to help move; at one dollar to th rce for each; loal, and on these yd'avs make frpii five to twenty fiyd dollars ' cacl Tl 1C occupants have till 1 o'clock. the firkt day of May Hto clear the kitcficn," when have the absolute riht jo- the Now comers foreo of enter by bed sleds , pjcaureaus, armed chairs a nd;slave D hist niht in April, ruts and rosy of opium many, a cnieeked in arron, grjay headed sire J y i rgux d e y u n u 1 1 1 u c ai A r.o I ir ; " lau dainv ii f a t L-ipli ion ot.ti morrow . ll'iin o.r shim r lot come w hat., may, hove they musr, inej tiury, con! ipion, - nnd .jumble produces br creates)greatl damage fo furni- mu re and household utense whilst llie ch.an- of horaes brings a gn.nt ticctstnry "de. mahd for. new' car6e'ts, Ma p t l-s gla i s'csj Ac c . & e . stoves nrc places, all laying kiii; addu tional expense. By. three o'clock int le morn; lrftf a rumbl inn of carts mav bfi hennl n n f I -. at i: .,.. .e: ,T.'. . I Y.J-i lyui luo airetis are nnso witn ail man. J riefr vehttde; creeping, 'hgsromiiMd crawling, and fly- budta a saw. null.' All, the'st ray nrggbs't Juafqrs , and idlers ip the lcy.. except those who; set that day . cBpeclally i .- " :r w. fcsi"w;w. .- ,p ' i.'..- ru, . . .ii li. .. . . . - j , ' H y Tceis an uay unea uitn men wqmenand; children, of kit ages, .nation colors aaddecripti:on;gong to and fro, like n swarm of bees; .Jump ng, running; hop ping, skipping, falling, ris ng, cursing, swear : n.J ... I L'ii.. '. t .It 4 ".v rri. " ' iii, wuoopw!, nn neu-tptewg. luiqcon. fusion of tongues at tho fill of the wall, that cje r ta i n fob s Itartc'd to bu Id to the .tidies, . wlb "ttopt soppbse' cqua-Mi:a.;"a May.da'y 1nSNevr youv o brpe my pianna! damn the Juck! make -jhnsie! save the pieces; woe! backioUU-drivc a-hcad od. Loss Lord a massy oiVmy inul , Iv'ei broke the looking - t- ... . - - . i . , ;lass! Ju3t as, I expected Here, take this apd tun on, make? baste back, flurrk cans: m;rn! these i ioio on , you tnusi lAKe iome more II J . - . L I bf "IV.-.; ' -:i '', rrl- gS. i irtqamnett if 146. AVelllj . : . ,, Go . up! There .. -1 stand back '.and ook whnm vnuVfl inlnfi Uav'iit timc-i cet out'of mv. wnvt KvNvnuin i . - i. . . . - i - nvad och! be JjsCJ? and is that joul Honey! be $l'Uier gtwjing yer self up agiji! Now you'll gTt hc divil! Wat! ''Yflnkee doodle fs the iunic!,J Co on, VOh Jim along!'' 'Q v. ha; a row whit a rumpus and a l' Woe damn ye! (jo on! Here is tho wife cn ton of a cart, "with .three children, her hUsband' s M picture"" ,in gilt IrameC' and a lookia slass man- . ?haorenrth an invalid!! I ), &.c&! a lady with a lapd af a duickL haif sdoienpwte it Ifrtst, iptvdagp i1 'ttrsLVnfotd fv.bmm;!wjiti .her Su'ndt v .'''V-' an old man wih his crutch nnd arm and nuii 'auiunnni Wllf) 111 tk aiftd lug, a Tcmperacee bny wiih; tiii thepreachrr with his-libra ry-,'the cj1 and'mcchanics with their tools! ami a jnj and firtytind four thousand etcctcru " tediblSs to mrntion'.rnake up a tort y picpjfe of the Say. Beds are tuml!fi ' .- : ' i"i' - -. t ' ' r ' - ... i ana, many mil ro siecp irom; langue avi s ly' hour.': Vwt"k'S':V. f- Swuring, ;'v Vntrtting, paintifg ,'scrubbUg, . .fixing fitting, laying down carpets, setting os" taktna out ond puttinjf in "grates eVc.r,i This Is the hardest srBSwn in the yty "femilc wDmpn'as hearl ire very hoiaj lft about ns dirtySs it can well be rns), : ithforc leoyint; oe .winr1t.o.'-:-ii; would, bo 1 'tost: labor, rjtfitn Joliows neigbbbrs , 'arquarnta es,hurcV,'-lttti , -'s. &c. ', I have cfen seventeen irflili(. ; f-' house, but t'o "storieshigh, a yrdjj 25 feel, m garden nor Outlet bul ihe From on,6 te five is commpn, on accoua high rents. 1 ha.vej lived a ; whole, year but k nowiifg t h na mci or persons Triext io, rrwith nptbingbut n .Wkk wall bet wVt and vet people have b?cn . astbniificd p did not know every body in the ciry, '360 .. I wit nssed " several, bl the festivals "bod to pack mjiAaujre'Vfurnituro five .time' creasing my ro'oms from B by lOlo'IGhj and my jeoWrom $50. to 6 500! -nnd , -ways in danger of fire and robbers, aJuj, ' um ki o up, never, saie wno wouw not lm ,a ,y: - J ! ' 'yi ! . V. !' -y - 7 - ; May 2 tJf.h 1840 . NA'ICHBZ; MAY;!, 1848. N.atcffe.z-; region tha cfoiis do ri In Uc look particularly writ, nor is it to be-'won'K cd.at tui 'rent's of rain. and hajl, high u dark gloomy , days, bird rrully cold nigUti, have as the lawyers say, '.'jointly trtd hvp! ally ' Co nspi red (Tgi i r,sV the you ng col ion. fcJ hjokssiekly .iid very unpntni-ng; many WW had a huge part of their cns. scraped ha, lost nnd: had-."to x:pfifnt tb-it ..''portion. '1 sharp, fro-it vc had on iheniglit oflhe 13 h cui down -much i the: ;.'UgJlanL atf rVve- h.flva tieo rd ut ome ' vntnn on S toreck winch. wt-rci ufn tly j ruinod, bpii corn and toi ton., by in .hail, storm tin ilher day. j j The stand of cbrn is unustiilK fine, whore precautions With used t$ prr. tect the hswjy sown irai!a oTul vounwr.lnn' from, birds )ind, aiiimJN; .bin! llie liark, rJ woatiicr we tiave h id o long lvnd rntra il itf I Jo an unnilUriil h- ig'it, rtndfring it at the same-tuiM soft ani w ;ik v IiIt the cxcoss)e high wibcls of llie last fowtdays have- laid rnuri of il fl it.- Th sinjl! cr;in cnnV. oai onl rye, arc shooting. out brVely, iuidneycrVok. j ed;beiur ormore promising of a large yield; ? but' utiles? wc have clear ; dry weailu-c for I wek or iwq now, wcjiiiust (ook for much ru;!. 1 , 'those who hid prr.pVird seed be.di of swrel I pofatojfsynt h.'x proper timt?,.'.have .had a fji) p season fur; sct,liijg oiil liw' vou"n. sprouts-- I w:i!cn, o lot; ,wav, -is tnooniy and true wht to grow this ; valuable root cheaply and ,vvpl!; hut ihe bds must be fnu le un eariv. and ba subplipd' wUI) bttonli '--heat, thai tho sprouts j w 1 f may mostly 1ii set out before jthtf Rprlrfg. rains 1 Ceaslli; liie frtiil cjoji, in this region, wilfU ; be e.xccedinnlv abundant nnd fine. AlrJ -Cliiprmn, M l C, jfrbm Michigan,. divorce!;- from 'his wife' .sin me time since btlr ihe Circuit Cmirt ol thn ihb and widiiti sa'.' few days nftcr -hi divorce, married another woim h. "At . rccrnit tc-in of thr sa me CourV , rhe decree of divorce was vacated and Mr. ; Qhiprwafrji boW th- husbtmlof two wives; . lire alXnsliiff.'c 'J-hucxtensi've distillerfi' arid mill oi IK Lj I Jorjlmeuicu & Co-.tieitj V'' NishvUleTrnfiPjp '.wcrt4 entirely deslrov.' ed by .fire. on WiMj-oc-d.-iy .rrtorn.jng of aV, . woelc.- ';'- The' loss is est imatbd at from - 25, 000 to S3U,00() ipuranch $10,00b j The : grnjiary was savcd..l The fire, "it is tupp'osnl, . , originated from the is generated in the pro- ; cfss.ofdistilhtiin, i.Tlm jenierprjsin pro- prielors jntend .ifiirtirjdig lely toj rebujKi. the k ,, ' tubliahmtni, : :'--'".'. -;!'':' ';"-'-' A'Gool JbAfr-Itl is very well known thr among thoso who assailed the character Mr. Webster iri the II ause of Roprcsenlatitei, was Mr. Yancey ol Alabama. IJiV speech was jiartjculitHy delightful to tho enemief& the great Secreta'rV, and j iheyosx vert ' anxious that ,a full abd-oecurato report -'of I v should be published i n thc'.Union, ' for gc.ncl -.al .circulation yjBlJj.a' jew days ngo ik speech Camo' but, but. so ; 'contemptibliT didi; appear whep in print, that every one disappointed, It - was a tissue of rant act . fustian. Thp reporters of the Union wert--bJamed for. doinjr ibiustica to- Mr. Yanccr.; f Hr Kdmun'J IJurke'declarfd that jt n :. - ...v.w uMtumir, iiuu uni i no reporter a 4Vliig and caricatbredjt purposely. It W i turns out that the iipeech :as writtea oitfi and prepa red by llC Ya ncy himself, and Jhsi j ho is his iown caricaturist. fTbe truth , that Yancey js a. merotieelaimcr; puffed a and conceited, to an insufTerable degree, 4r,i; K speeches when pbt on paper, are as ' sipidas small ; bebr Which has femiwU; over night uncorked. ' ' -' , ', - - : -. ' ' - r - .,; mok StrmpriMi rcthrcD-'. The Seripture leljs us that -M wages of is dealh.; Now, miy adyice lis, that you leae off sinning and strik'fbr lather pay. U, ' '. '1'""' i' ' : M ANUFACTUfijei) .TINAVARE " ' -: Of Superior qusliiy, riveted and warranted not'?' leak. ' For sale either in email or. lage itiantiUci, ItANKIX&rW.LlAJf., April 3, 1B1G. ' SALT! SALT! I jfty ncks of Salt iaMt rcpivsi'iwifl for idlJ t ,
Highland Messenger (Asheville, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
May 29, 1846, edition 1
2
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