J.i-ItlJ tccai-tr ; 1 j jr ,usj:.3
chPcctod, Ut acttnlly : r in n . ,
the rrc'.cCirc pol:cy for li. j L . : ; ,c: r -; .
Loci relieve i c: t:.- ...... - . ..-" f " -
. oarftrrcrJ a-:! plirtcrs. un. r a r--r.
fir tomniercc it rapiu.y - increase.
gsJ is extending more wL'Jv circle cf
;'fVnatiooal excludes.' Great as h3s
teea tt.c -tecrcs&a clour irr-orts t'jri-j
. lh past year, our export! of 'domestic pro".
(Jjc'.Mj 'a foreign markets' hava t;:a
,ti,T greater. . ' .
Ojrc'llfto- iatcrcEt u c...n:r.-Jy
rroifcrojs. .The number of fessclj built
jVth'a United States bai been grc-:ertUn
dirisjiny preceding pcrioLl cf equal
length. Lvge profits havo been derived
tv those wo hivo constructed a well as
by thi'C who havo navigatcdlhcm. Should
ihe ratio of increase in the number of our
merchant tcmcIj bi p-rojrcnive ani be as
grctt lor mo future as aunn ilo past year,
thatlmo is not distant. when c-r tcsna'-c
toJ commercial marina will bo larger than
that of any other nation ia t!.a worlJY
-.Whilst iho interests of agriculture; of
commerce, and bf ruviition havo been
enlarged fid Invigorated, it Is highly grat
toohscrvo that our manufactures
r tHa o a prosperous condition J Nooe
ofthoruMous cflVcia upon this Interest,
-whiCrt wcro npprcncnucd by .imc, as the
result of the operation of the revenue sys
tem established by tho act of 1810, have
- fceca experienced. On th 9 -contrary, tho
number of manufactories and tho amount'
of capital invested inlliom. is s:eadi! anrl
rapidly increasing, aHurdiDg gratifying
proofs that American enterprise and skill
employed in this banch of domestic In
dustry, with no other advantages than
larre fairfy and incidentally accruing from
jjst system of revenue duties, are abun.
' d-iaj'y able to meet successfully all com
petition from abroad, and still derive fair
and remunerating profits. - '
While- capital invested in manufacture's
isyiclJmg adequate nad fair profits under (
the new system, iho .wages of labor," wheth.
erfcmployed in manufactures agriculture,
commerce, or navigatipn, iiave been aug
mented. :'fho toiling, millions, :whoso dai.
ly l ibor i Mrr.shes tho supply of ' food and
forts of life, arc rccoiving highcj wages and'
irirc steady and permanent employment!
thin in any other country, or at - any pre. i
vious prtiixl or our own history
So successful have been all b ancherol
bur iuJjstry, that h foruign war,,- which
generally diminishes tho resources of a
nMion, has in do csscniiuf degree retarded
ouf onward progress, or checked our gcn
eril prosperity.
VVjth auch gratifying evidencos of prosr.
perity, and of the successful operation of
tiun of pubfic policy, recommends that it
thill remain unchanged. It is hoped thai
the system of impost duties which it C3tal-
IiKrfl-mnv hn rprnrilff na lKV rvnemnnrnt
policy of the country, and that the great
interests alTcct tl by it may not ngan be
6uhj"Ct to bo injumously disturbed, as hey
havo herctuforo - been, by frequent and
sometimes' sudden changes- t .
For tho purpose of increasing tho reven
ue, and without changing or .rpocfilying the
rates imposed by tho act of 18 4d on tho
dutiable .articles embraced by its provis
ion, I ajnin recommend to your favorn.
b!o consiacation iho expediency of levy.
n a revenue duty on tea and cotler. The
policy which exempted these articles from
Cuty during peace, ant when tho rcvenua
to bo derrved from lhe"m was not needed,
ceases la exist when the country is cng--
ged in war, and requires tho uso of all ts
available rcjourccs. It is a 'lax which
would be so generally, diffused , among the
people, that it would bo. felt, oppressively
by none, and bo complained of by none.
It is believed that thcro arc not, in Iho list
cf imported articles, any which aro more
I ropcrly tho subject of war duties than tda
and eo'Tec. - i ' ' 1
It is estimated that three million of dul.
la'rs would be derived, annuajly bya.mod.
crare duty imported on theso articles.
Should Congress avail itself of this addi
tional sourco of revenue, not. only would
the amount of the public loan rendered he.
ccisary by the war with Mexico bo dimiu.
ished to that extent, but the public credit
and the public confidence in ihe ability
and determination of the government to
meet all it engagements promptly.- would
be more firmly established, and. iho re
duced amount of. the loan- which it may
bo necessary to negotiate, ould probably,
be obtained at cheaper rates.
Congress is, therefore called upon to de
tcrmiuu whether it is wiser to impose the
ar duties recommended, or, by omitting
to do so, ipreae the public debt annually
thrte million oftiollars, so long OS loans
shall bo required to prosecute the war, and
ahcrvards provide, in some other form,
to pay the semi acnual interest upon it,
oi ultimately. to extinguish the principal
If, in addiUob Jlo thcso duties, Congress
should graduate and 'reduce iho price of
such of the public' lands as experience has
proved will not command ho price placed
upon them by the1 goverarhent, an addi
tionil annual incortio to the treasury of be
tween half a, million and a nail lion ol dol
lars, it is estimated.wouU k3 derived from
this sotircc. Should botla measures w re-,
eclve the sanction 'of Congress, the annual
amount of public tlebt necessary to bo coo
tactfd during the continuance of the war,
would be reduced' near four million of dol.
lars. ,f The djlios tccom fenced to be lev
ied cn tea an j cofTec, it is ; proposed shall
bo liiiutei in their duration tp the en.3 of
the war!, nni until the public debt', render
ed nectssary to bccdotracted by It shall
be discharged Tlte amount of the public
debtto be contracted should be limited lo
tho !oxycs( practicable stim, and should, b
cliinguUlidd as early after tbc conclusion
of tb a ji-a; jis the ;'4ncan9- . iho treasury
ill permit. ' "
; L
j cfi..j ... c.
WyrUr: J ly : -'TLj
cctcf ila Lin
ta'c i -!:ib awarv.'.. '
yrjM
a vcr. z-
tas proved to be an irrportarU nut".1 ry to
5'2i.i:.7r.:tcf in r. v . : V
t
cf
urge commerce; it l.as tec a bcncHcii!- to
our manuficturcs, ly d:... j f.ri
sales At auction cf f;rt"-a .tcds'ti Lv.
prices, to ruisa t!.-j d-tlts toL j cl,-,.c:l
on lhera, and by cl.cciiicj 1 Cjctuiti-.r.i ia
thoni3rkct. The system, ahho-j-'i sine
tbned by the cxpcricnca cf ether coua
trics, wzt entirely ccw in ths United talis,
and is susceptible of improvement ia soma
of its provisions. Tho Secretary cf ihs
Treasury, upon whom was' devolved largo
discretionary powers ' la carry ic thta
measure " into effect has collected, and is
now collating, the practical results, cf iko
system in othercountries, where it has long
been established, and will report ai.a
early period of your session, such further
regulations suggested .by tho investigation
as may render it still more cflectifo nod
beneficial. " ' . . ",'
Uy tho act to "provide for the better
organization of the Treasury, and for the
collection, safe keeping, and disbursement
of the Public Revenue," all banks, v were i
discontinued as fiscal agents of the gov
ernment, and the paper currency issued
by them was no lpnger permitted lb be re
ceived Ia payment of public'dues. "
. Tho constitutionalTreasury created by
this act went into operation oatho first of
January last. Under - the system estab
lished by it, tho public moneys have been
collected, safely kept, and disbursed by the
direct agency of ofheers or the . Govern,
ment in gold " and sijver, and transfers of
larce amounts have been made from Doints
of collection to points of disbursement.
without loss to the Treasury or injury - or
inconvenience to the trade of the country.
vv hilo th hscal operations of the Gov
ernment have been conducted with - regu
larity and case, under this system, it rns
had a salutary effect in checking and pre
venting an undue inflation of the paper
currency issued by the Banks which exist
Under btate charters. Requiring, v a it
does, all dues to the Government to be paid
in gold and silver, its e fleer is 1 to restrain
excessive issues of Bank paper by tbc
banks Uisproporlioned to the specie in their
vaults, for the reason that they are at all
times liable to be called on by the holders
of their notes for their redemption, in order
to obtain specie' for tho payment bf duties
and other public dues. .
.The banks, therefore, must keep .their
business within prudent lirhs, and be al
ways in a condition toTsfectsuch calls, or
rtfn the hazard of feeing compelled to sus
pend specie payments, and be thereby dis
credited. The amount of specie import
ed Into tho United States during? the last
fiscal year, was twenty four million one
hundred and twenty one thousand 1 wo hunv
drcd and eighty nine dollars; of. which
there vas retained in tne .country twenty
two milljon two hundred and seventy six'
thousand one hundred and seventy dollars.
Had the former financial system prevailed,'
and the public money been placed on de.
pefcito in banks, nearly the whole of this
amount would have gone into their vaults,
and "not to bo thrown into circulation by
them, but to be withheld from the hands f
tho people us a currency, and made the
basis of new and enormous -issues of .bank
paper. A large proportion of the specie
imported has -been, paid into the . Treasury
lor publio dues; and aftpr having been to a
gTeat extent, rejoined, at the Mint, .has
been pald out to the public crpdjtors,1 and
goce,inio circulation as a currency among
the people. - The amount of gold and sil
ver coin now in circulation in.thb 'country
is larger than at any former period.
The financial system", established by the
constitutional treasury, has been, thus far,
eminently successful- in its operations;
and I recommendon adherence to all its
essential provisions; and .especially ,lo lhat0
vital provision which w holy -seperates the
Government from all conection with banks,
and excludes bank paper f ronrV all revenue
receipts. In some of its dctail,'not' In
volving its general principles, the system
is ddtfctive, and will require modifiication.
These defects, and sbc amendments as
are deemed important,4 --cset forth in the
Iqs(1 'annual report of tlw, Secretary of the
Treasury. . These amendments are again
recommended to tho early and favorable
considerati6n of Congress. -.
' During the past year, the coinage of: the
mirjitand its branches has exceeded twenty
million of dollars . This has consisted
chiefly in converting the coins of. foreign
countries into American coin. - . :! . ; '
. The largest amouat of foreign coio im
ported has been received atNew-York, and
if a branch mint" were established a,t trjat
citvi all the foceign tola received at that
port could at once be converted into our
own coio, without the expense, risk, and
delay of transporting it to the mint for
lhat .purpose, and' the amount received
woitfd be much larger.- ,
Experience has proved that foreign coin,
and especially foreign gold coin,' will no!
circulate extensively as a currency among
the people. , .The important, measure ot ex
tending our specie circulation, both in gold
and silver, ad of duTasing . it among the
people, can only be effected by convert
in" such foreign coin into Amcricao xroin.
I repeat the recommendation cootainedin
my last annual message .for the establish
mem of a bracch of the mint of thfr United
Slates at the city of New York.
All ihe public lands whtch-.have been
surveyed and were ready; lor market have
been proclaimed for sale durjn- the past
Year. The quantity oflerevx- and to be of
fered'for sale "uodcrr proclamation issued
since thc first of January last, amounts to
pine million oa3 tndrcd and thtrty.ght
vt ';':v -item States
r ; ' By
f." 1 i tvr, Mlicif
t f I " - J3 Would
$ cf t ;r enter
' fr- '".r r
- : :;C:uiy
t " ' - .'. i . j cn.i
. .j -a 13-tV"- gen-.
- t r.. 1 i!.3
. . J 3 p.'Cj'HT, it was a
c-r!
i t.
I:r-
i : t.
. " . a
t.:::o to thrive as
.j.e irern .i:is ''s-jurce,
ly t!iitakr. iiintllve pub
.i ncccj,ary by tho cxist
!i.:;a war,'; 'v .;':::;
.ttd 4l.ru net let3 thart tea mil-
H in .
lijn cf i. mls c
survey: It: .'
In f.vy Irit
tl.c res .-as t-I
tl'c lanJ will be
a to bo pro.
-r 1S43.
I presented
; ':r( rit rcn
' and reduce the
; " .:: ! ns have re-
crioJs' after they
j'blic auction.
k s cf pjjlic lands
1 !.
i.i :
tiered it pro; cr to'gr
price cf ij :.i t f
maincd unsc;! J f.r lor;'
had been i.J.r.J for
. Many tni!IIon3 of a
lying witl.ia tto'lj.:.
i n i.-.-r-.l cf the
Western States hive L-cn cHorca ia the
market, and been &ubj ;ct to s ilc ct private
entry for 'more than twenty year, ar.i
largo quantities for more than thirty years,
at the lowest price prescribed ly- e cib:
jng laws, and it has been found that they
will not commani that price. They must
remain unsold and ' uncultivated for an in.
definite period, unless tho price demandod
for them by the government shall re rcdti.
ced. No satisfactory reason is perceived
why they should bo longer held, at rates a-,
bove thei real value. , At tho . present pe.
riod an. additional reason, exists for adop-'
Ltvnc tho measure recommended. When
the counlry'is engaged in a foreign war,
and we must necessarily resort 4o loaru,
it would seem to be the dictate of wUddm
that we should avail ourselves of all 'our re
sources, and thus limit the a mount 'of the
public iadebieddess to the lowest possible
sum. . .' . -
. I recommend that the existing laws on
the subject of preemption rights be amend
ed and modified so as to operate prospec
tively, and to embrace' all' who may settle
upon the public lands and make improve
ment upon them before they are.surveyed
as well as afterwards, in ' all cases-,: where
such;' settlements may be made after ihe
Indian title shall have been extinguished:
If the rights of preemption be thus ex-'
tended, it will embraccfca large and mer
itorious class of pur citizens.; It will in.
crease "the number, ofsmull freeholders
upon our 1 borders, who will, be enabled
thereby educate' their children and oth
erwise improve their condition, while ihey
will be found at all times, as they have
ever proved themselves ta be, in the. hour
of.danger to their country, among oorjinr
diest and -best volunteer, soldiers,' ever
rendy to tender their services n : 'cases of
emergency i and among ihe last to leave the
field as long as an enemy remains to be
encountered! Such a policy will also im
press these patriotic pioneer emigrants with
deeper feelings of gtatitudo for the pare n.
lal care of. their. government, whenhey
find their "dearest interest secured to them
by the,. permanent laws of the land, and,
that they are no longer in danger of Jo
iog'lhcir homes and hard-earned improve
merits by being brought: rato . competition
with a more wealthy class of purchasers at
ih'fs land sales.- ' -
The attention of Congress was invited, af
their last and the preceding session, to the
importance of establishing a Territorf!
Government over our possessions in Ore
gon; and it is to be regretted that, there was
no legislation on the subject. Ourcitize'os
wlio inhabit that distant region pf country
aro sYiH left withbut the protection of our
laws, or any regularly organized Govern
ment. - Before the1 question, of limits and
boundaries of the territory of Ocegbn wis
dcfinitly settled, from the necessity of their
c'oTtd.ition,'the inhabitants had cstafished
a . temporary Government of their own.
Besides the want of legal auQority for con
tinuing such a government, it is wholly
i nadequate to protect them.in their rights of
person and roperiy, or td secure to them
the enjoy men of tho privileges" of other
Citizens, to which, they are entitled 'under
the donstitution of . the. United States.
They should have the fight of suffrage, bo,
represented in a Icrntorial Legislature,
and by a delegate in Congcess; and possess
all the right and privilege which, citizens
of other: portionfe of the Territories of the
United Spates have heretofore $rijoyod, or
may now enjoy. '
Our judicial system, revenue laws,' reg
utatihg trade apd intercourse with5 the In
diart iribos' nijd the protection of our "laws
generally, shoufd be extended over them.
.In addition q the inhabitants in thataer.
ritory who had previously ' emigrated li it,
large numbers of our citizens have toJioweo.
them durinjt the present year; and it is not
doubted that during th next and subsequent
vears their numbers will be greatly increas
ed. - - r r , .. . m
Confess, at its last session, established
post-roitcs leading to Oregon, and between differ.
cflt points witnin mav icnuory, ion wiuiorucu
the establishment of post ofSccsat "Astorut and
such other 1 places on the coast of tic Pacific,
Within the territory of the United .States, as the
public interest raaj require. Pout offices have
accordingly beco established, dvputy jkwUwastcrs
appointed and provision made forth transporta
tion of the mails.' - - . :. .
The pirwrraiion of pcce with Uie Indian
tribes residing' west of the, Rocky Mountain
will render it proper that authority should be pv
en by law for the appointment' bf an. adequate
number of Indian amenta to rcsiA aiaong ihem.
I Yecomraeod lhat a sorTejor geperal' office
be established io that territory, nd that the
public Unds be surveyed and brought into mar
ket at an early period.
I recommend, al, that grant, upon liberal
of limited Qoantities of tlie pabli'c lands be
mU citizens of the United States who
hr pmiratcd. or may hereafter within are
scribed period emigrate, to. Oregon and settle up
on them. Tbea hardy and adTcnthroUs C4U
mlwi hirts encountered the dangers and
pnrations of a !onj and toHsomc journey, and
hare at k-njth found an. abid;nplace for themi
selves and their families upon tic tttmost'verjp
in t'
I-'-
! ' i t ! . - ? ' v t'.r
fr.VTj f Vi it f r a c - f a'tl
f t.
( ; n! . sof tj'
' rric, cdn'MftcJ
'I.tu!in?n i;. ! ,rt.
m.tt hav li.n unuuiXj ot rjr.s a-i J r
b.e curing the past Ttar, and Lave Lr;n
fr v- 'S at-.!.' x ir ' ')"?c.
rr:i ri lA-.U r:3 continue J cx'.ll
t'jfi In.: n Ir ar.i rr't t.fl:. -i ru-i "
a strcr frit.r. J-1-for the lr..trd c tales.
dcTrckIjt;oaswrrc ccirtn:ltcd irr r t!i put
y ur Lpun our trainT IrarTort... .tea
ilia araiv, on l!c road Lctwiitn l!:c western bor.
C t ofO-Ik-c-ii an.dr-jrta I Ilae Ccrcd.
tn, winch are jmppoucd to r.ave been commit
tr.l bv Lji.J fri.'-i tlic p--rioti cf Ne ' fli-xico.
lavc ltn arrrslod by presence of mil.tary
f jrec, ordered out for Cut p-jtrfe. Sojmc tntnu
fea ha? been perpetrated bv a portlo j bf tho
northwestern l-indsopon the weaker aod compAr.
ativcly defc ncti.r neighboring trbr. Prompt
mexsurra were taken ta prcrcttt sucli occutch
cesra future. 4
Iktwaen one and lwo tho.tand Indians be.
lonjjins'lo several tribes bate teen removed du.
tin j the year from tho cast of the" Miisippt lo
liic country allotud to them wo,l of UiatriVer,
aa their, permanent home: and arrange men ti
havt been made for others lo &".w.
Since; the treaty of 146 with the Clierokecs,
the ft-uJcs amnjiScm spper to have subsided,
and they have beco.nc more United and content
ed ian they have been for many years past.-
Thc C-oin wsioncrs appointed in pursuance of the
act of JuneSTlh I8lt, loncttffrcUims arijunj un.
dcr tfcc treaty of lb33 3o with that tribe, have
executed their duties; and after a patient, tnvest-
i-T'it.on, ant a 'tilt and fair examination of all
ttio cases brought before them, closed their labors
in i'ic, monlh of July last.'
Tins is : the' ,'o.qrth board of commis8ioncrs
wLich has beennanized untfer this treatv, A'm-
pf!e r p('nutunity has been afforded to all those in
tcre.tcd1 to Lrinj forward L'teir claims. . No
doubt is cnlcrlaiiud that imp Lal justice has
been done by t&c Lie board, and that all valid
claims embraced bv the treaty have, been con.
s'dcrcd and nlbviJ. This result arid the final
settlement to be mado with this tribe, uidcr the
treaty of IS 15, h'-ch be completed and laid
bcrorc you dnnnj your section,, will adjust all
questions of controversy' between them and the
Uimiu biatcft, an; pri.! c a state of relations
with them simple, well defined, and satisfactory.
Under the d.fcrclioniry auihority conrerred bv
the act of the 3d of ..Maic.Lst,- the annuities
due to the various tr.Scs haveh'cn paid during
the present vear to tho hea J of families instead
of to their Chiefs frf such persons ts they . might
dcpijnate, as required by the laws r-rcvtoLrJy ex.
ieling. This mode of payment has given gener
al c tisfaction in the rrcat body of t..u In Jiins.
Justice has been doDO'to them, and Ihey are
gfraotful to the government fur it. A fVw chief
and interested persons may object to this mode
of psvmcnf, but it is Believed to be the only mode
of preventing frattcl and ' impos'Uon. from bin j
practised upon the great bodj of Common IuJ.ana,
constituting a majority of all the tribes.
It is grali'-y in to perceive that a number of the
tribes have recently manifcrtcd an increased in.
tcrcst in tho establishment of schools amon j tiicm
and arc making rnpid advances in agriculture
some of them producing , a sufficient quantity of
food Tor their support, and in some cases a surplus
to dispose cf to their neighbors. Tti comforts
by which tbooc who have received even, a very
limited education, and have engaged in agricul
tinjevare sqrronndcd, tend gradually to draw off
their le-S8 civilized brethren from the precarious
means of subsistence by tho chase, to habits of
labor and civilization. , . t .
. 'The accompanying report of the Secretary of
the Navy presents a satisfactory ' and gratifying
account of the condition and operations of the
naval service during the past year. Our com-'
rocrcehas been pursued wit'i increased rapidity,
and with safety: and success, in every quarter of
the globe under the procclion of our nag, which
the navy has cause to bo, respected in the 'most
distant seas. ,
In the gulf oXMcX-co, and in the Pacific, tho
officers and men of our squadrons have displayed
distinguished gallantry, and performed valuable
services. In the early , stages of the war with
Mexico, her portsji.r both coasts were blockaded,
and more recently inanyof thdn-have been "cap.
turvd and held by the navy. When acting in co
operation with the land forces i'ic naval officers
and men have performed gallant and distinguish
ed services on land as well as on water, and dc.
serve the high commendation of tho country.
Whne oljier marallme powers are adding to
their navies large numbers of war. -steamers, it
was a wise policy OQ our part to maka similar ad
ditions to our navy. Tlio four war steamers au
thorized by the act of the 3d of March, 18 17, are
in course of construction. , ,
In'aA Jition to the foor war steamers authori
zed by this act," tlie Secretary of the Navy has,
in pursuance of its provisions .entered into con.
tracts for the construction, of five steamers, fo be
employed in the .transportation of Jhe United S.
mail "from New York t Hew Orleans touching
at Charleston, Savannah ana Havana, and from,
Ilavanrfc lo Charge? for three steamers to bj
employed inTlikxs manner frorn Panama to Ore
gon, "so as to connect with the mail from Ha
vana to Charges across the isthmus;" and for five
steamers lo be employed in like manner trom .
York to Liverpool. These steamers' wijl be the
property of the contra ors, but are jtobfe built
"under the superintendence and' direction of s
naval cons'tructoc in the employ of the Navj De
partment, and to be so constructed as to rcnvlcr
thein convertible at thc least possible expense in.
to war steamers-of the first class."
A prescribed, number of naval officers,' as well
as a pout office agent are to be on board of them;
and authority is reserved to the Navy Depart
ment t all limes to excrcJso control over said
steamships, and "to have Iko. right 'to take
tliem for the exclusive nse and sorvico of the U.
Stafcs "upon making . proper compensation to
the contractors therryf.
Whilst these.-steam-ships wilt be- employed
in transporting the mails of Ue -United States
coastwise, and to foreign coantries, tipun an
annual compensation ' lo be paid to the owners,
they will be always readj ujwn an emergency
requiring it, to bo coavcrled into war steamers:
and the right preserved to take- llicm for public
usc will add girtatly toS-hc efficiency and strength
of this description of our naval ' force. Tt ihe
steamcrs thus aut'orised under contrarta tnaJc
Sy tho Secretary of tho Navy, should be added
five others steamers authorised under contracts
made in pursuance oftaw,!by the Post. Master
General, inakinj an addition, n the whole of
eighteen war stca"mers ftibjc-ct to be taken for
public, use. As further, contracts for the lran
porta lion of the' mail to foreign counties may
be authorised by Congress this 'number may be
enlarged indefinitely. . ' ,
'Tin? enlightened policy by which a rapid com.
mnnicatron with the, various distant parts cf the
globe is established, :'Jby means of American
built sea. steamers would find in ample reward
m the increase of our eommeicc and in making!
bur country and its resources more favorably
known abroad; btt tho national adranlae is
sUll preatcr, of 'having our navalp c.T.ccrg raie
familiar wilfi steam navigafion; and of Laving
the' privilege of taking the sh'psalrcaJy fes f ped
for immediate service at a moment's notice, and
will be cheaply purchased by the Compensation
tq be paid for the 'transportation of the mil ia
them, over and above the postages received. ' '
A just na'liuhal pride, co kf-s than. our com
mercial interests, would seem to faror inc policy
of augmenting the number of this description of
vessels-', They can be built in'our country chea
per and in' greater cumbers than ia any other
in tho world. '. ,
1 I refer you to tle .' accompapyin report cf the
P.jstm&stcr' (general tot a deta!d and salisfacU.
ry account of the , conditioo axut. operations of
trat ujartmenl caring tho past year, tti?
gratifying to find tbat, witain ao short a, period
after the reduction to rate of poslajc an 4
J r-tT
frvu
- . -;ir
I .. . . . '
' r; rr ... i r: r
f.it(.--
-t t
Let--tcftL3 --
7-1 x t' - e-t . ;
1 1
R.J C . '"Ji it.
Laf.Mef J. : 1
r rvl i ..a 1-.0 t,j f:i
1 tar.l ix-1 c l'r th;rJ
i t.ii uil.- r i ' .' r -r.
eolJ.er vcks
i 'au'.bnti.X DnJcr tli trov-
t eft" tact a--' is cor s.nc'Jli an 1 v, .11 t
put upon Ihfj Lna as soon av . co:rpIotcX Cn
tt to u.ij ia a st jactcr fr-;a Cl ilo.j ij II.
vatti, ' ' - . .
A rec'procal and salVf-ul ry. postal a t;-; .
mrnx nas been mti...j by the l o!ifmtfr tivnrral
Vtilh I'.u",;, r.'. ;i tf rn:.i:n, anJ 1 ' ,"ci:y
ts appreb-ndcJ in making sira.lar arrangements
i:h alKlVr ruri mMh scWf may Lxx
nunuiuniriiioni y di.i aicaiacrs, CtCCpt vrila
Great Britain. . ' .
. On th,a arrival oftlia first pftbfl AmcrAti
rtcamcrs bound to Bremen at Southampton, In
the aionth of Jno lasJ, tba British pot odea
directed the eollcclkin of d'ipcriminatini rota-
on all letters and c'.hcr mailable matter, or which
went into, the iirilfrh,' I oet O.ca on their way
lo Franc and other parts of Uumpc.
i Tae cfilct of the order of the Bn't'sh post tf.
Cce is to subject all letters transported by Ameri
can steamers to -double postage, one postage
having been prctiouly paid on thcrn ta llw Unit
ed Slates, white letters transported' in Bn'luh
utcanicrs are subject to pay but a single postage
,Th"i 'measure was adopted with the avowed
object of protecting' the British line of mail
steamers now ruuninp between Boston and'
Liverpool, and, if permitted to continne. must
speedily put an end to the transportation of all
kttcra and otlicrj matter by American steamers,
and give to British steamers a monooolv of the
business. , .
A just and . fair reciprocity is all that -we do.
sire, and on this we must insist Bv our laws.
no such discrimination in made against British
steamers bringing- letters into our ports but all
icners arriving m tne unuea siaics are subject
U the same rate of postage, whether brought In
British or merican vessels. l refer you la"
the report of the Foslmastcfi General for a full
statement of the facts of tho ease, i and of the
sicpa uaen oy mm to correct itus inequality.
Ho has exerted all the power conferred upon bint
by the existing laws. ,
The minister of the United States at London
has brought the subject to the attention; of the
nr. govcrcment, and is now enrtved -in neroUa.
twna ,for tho purpose of adjusting reciprocal
postal arrangements, which shall be equally just
to'both countries..- Should ho fail in concluding
such arransremcnts. and : should Great Britain
insist onenforcin? the unco ual and uninat miL
sure she has adopted, it wul become necessary
to confer additional powers on the Postmaster
General, in order to enable him to meet the cmer
gency,' and to put ourown steamers on an equal
footing with British steamers engaged In trans,
porting the mail between the two countries and
1 recommend that such powers bo conferred. ;:
In view of the existing state of -, our countrv. I
trust it may not be inappropriate, in closinjf this
communication, to call to mind the words of
wis dam and admonition of tho iirst and most
illustrious of my predcocssors in bis v farewell
ad Jrcf-s to his countrymen.
liiat greatest and best of men. "who served bis
country so Jong; and loved U so - much, for fore
saw, with "sctitious concern,' the danger Lo our
uiiiuu ui wii.uaticriiinjr panios dv ccopraDnicai
discriminations Northern and Southern, Allan-'
tic and V estcrn whence desiirnmar men ma v
endeavor to excila a belief that there is a real
dillercnco of local iotetcsta and 1 tiewi, and
warned l.is cfintrymcn against IL - ,
fao deep anl wunn was his conviction of the
importance of llio Union and of preserving har.
mony between U d.lTercnt parti,that he declared
to his countrymen in that address, "it is of in.
hnitc moment t. At yoa atiould rronerlT estimate
'the immense vakio of your national Union to your
vui.u. u i i'.ii. iuuq i uapixiiviw, iuai you
should cherish a corJiab habitual and immovable
attachment to it: accustoming yourselves to think
and to rpeak cf it cs a palladium of your political
rafcty and prop'.ri! y, watching for its preservation
with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever
may s-rg"-1 cvin a suspicion that it. can in any
event be abandoned; and Indignantly frowning
unontneiiri;oaivnin2oi every attempt loa inmate
any porlToo of our country from the rest, or lo
enfeeble fhc sacred ties whiehnow Unk together
mo itjuua 'it 1 1. .
After the lapse of half a" century; these admonl
tions of Wabi. r :l-n fall unon us with atl tba
force 6f truth. It it difficult to estimato the
"immense 'xilse" cf oor glorious Union of con
federated States, fo which we aro so moth In.
debted for our growth in population and wealth
and (or all that constitutes us a' great and a hap.
py nation. How. unimportant are aX oar dif.
fcrcnecs of cpiiiTi-n upon minor questions of pub-
j it policy, com;nrco wnniiis preservation and
how tcn:pu!o.t : should we avoid all agitating
topics wh iv h rriy t-ni toditilract and divide as
inlo contending parties scpesated by geographical
uncs, wucrcDy u may oc weakened or endanger
Invoking iho blessing of the Almghty Ruler
qi uie univcr3 cpon your deliberations, it will
be my hijhcct duty, no less than my wncero
fJeaurc, ta d )-t pcrate with you iaall measures
which may lend to promote the lienor and cn
during wt irrc cf cur common country;" '
JAMES K. POLK.
Wasl.in-tofl, December, 1817.
iilGIILl'.'D JICSSCXGBR.
ia.r.;-.v3aasa.sr.' s.
TIu:.::, December 03,-1817.
Vov President
.ZACIIART TAYLOR,
OF LOUISIANA. .
Me? rs. Badger, CJingman, Barringcr, and
Stewart, will please accept our thanks for copies
cf C,z President's message and other public doc-
v men Is.
Thk McssAcav We publish the President's
message. to-day, to tlie exclusion of almost every
thing else. We have no room foj comments
indeed we have no disposition to make any, bad
we r pace. It is an important Stale paper, and
every ir-e- v. iio loves his country should.rcad and
j-i.'c cf l-J cl.arrcler for himself. ';
Ritcn.i o Gastos' IioAn-Thoraaa Miller,
of. Granville, Iras been appointed by tbc
Ccpm'psioi.'rs- President of the Raleigh -and
Gi l i Hi I n-i, Ticc W. IloIIistcr," Eq, re
13 taki crTcct from January 1,1813,
lTLe till giving tlie election-of Electors of Prcs
ir,t and Vjcc PrcslJent to the people of South
Carolina, (the only Sute in the Union where a
c.TLrcr.l r.; 'j r-vj.'!- l.-s ""i nj'ctcd by the
Democratic Leji-'.aiure cf t!:at f fite now in
a'oiicii to da:;;:
nik:t 'n.I-:r-i c::.:i. t ;.r T;j
tl tl:; Z:: cf f;r: 1::.:.-. vrill
c:r: Cl;:::::.7 i:z
j . 'f:f ::ni:..
C. Iff F :j a-rl Qn:. r i'-u, Zixtt
' . ' Ttr-i. IU7,
ri ) '
V.J. AltacL.r.cnt Isvied ca Lanis,
il' J Ij " , 9. j . ' -
It,:Br'7 ttv' it; rir' --i eft-s Ce-:rt,
r ui' a c r n :, , j: , ir r ... i( a , - - ;u -
donrttfi Sl.iV. . It ii t'.er.-'.re or..., 1 ty
tvcC-t 1L-.t r." - j" .il, xrxu'i U t'.jfl -b.
hl ?! vsci ; tl A .. ..lo. fr tix ?c;if
wj-kst'.t tl qt! f TJth'a-lRrpcr!cro.rat?i
J. ' , . i t" ; t f f I' it - O - t
JVf-.o:i-4 tJ i-i I, 'Jf-r t'l'.C.ii .tv i.f :..P...'1
at t:.-C--:'t.i: i i : " :,n C.'iViti
'yar o 4la :ijv,lxr MD.-ctt.jVcr. 1 J IT-
iT'ri en)4 tljfra t?. r-iTcr p-d -T:r, or
j-jgtncnl pro confess wn be given,, and Uta .
at. Is Icvkiij on con hmne-ito rU'iti T t:.-".
UMacn, Siraarl J. NnU Clctk of 1 C- .rt
ti..cet l 5;h ilonity after t!; a 4th TlJuy
in Jons l! 17.
- ajr:c.vucrk. -
Dec. 3. 1 17: rr,f.aC3. C-Cu
i State of North Carolina. .
FALL TERM Ufl.
Superior Court Oface Cherokee County,
It arrcarm' to tlia nJiTn-'5,n nr iS r.
th
It ihri t,l t.'Aiel An r.;t T,V . t
don at th regular Terra of said Court, rnd that a
jtiia Hpcccsaarj; ii is inerelort ordered,
that a Special Term of tb Smwrlnr Onnr rr.
for the Co.f Chtrukeebe held on the ltt Tlaa
day in March next, in conformity to teact of,,
Assemblv. It k further
advertiae Clisordcr in tba Hijhtand Messenger'
for six weeks. . Suitors and Witneu t.v. "
notice and attend accordingly. .
.:, Witness, James II. Bry soft. Clerk of said Court
Lho IGtk day of Dcccmberltf 17. ,
www cupy uwi aa inaies.
JAS. IL BUYSON, Ck.
Doc. 23, prs lee, 05. , 5$2 6f
Waxtxd. a Teacher to taka eb
pal of the ,.'.
Lsiicviiic Male Acatlcmy. .
A rcntleman of cla,ipsl iiuinnuni. vrt
encs and the bighest order of moral, character to
uanvu. Aiuna ouicrs neca apjuy.
The buildinir U lanrL 1.fmntlw fnl.k.1
of capacitv sufficient to accommodate Ono'flan -
ureu k upus. inc growinif population of or vii.
la ire the salubriiv of
inducements otherwise to tnake this point Ur
tho investment of large educational interests al.
together renders thw a rare opportunity f iy a gen
tleman woo desires to build
of the first Character in the hcalihlcst aa most
acmraoie sociion or nrtn Carolina. Too per
quisites of the ichool, can if properly managed.
ui maunenuoa. a. marrtetf geaw
tleman is prefcrcd.
Appl'icati rns accompanied by testimonials' of
cjiafnctcr and qualifications may be address.
- . . , . NUkoUu W. WtdJLm,
tlt.ritle Ftln
. V . Jme, M. Smftk, , .
, o. imratl Baird,
, J F.Rllardf,
- . Ephraim Clmyiotu
V , , R, W.PuUtim,
Ashevlle, N, Dee. 16, 1317. . . 331 if.
'. ' i V T1 T" Tv rrt . m . o, , m -m-m -
, t: aoctt, ;
Wilt attend to Etntwinj izi Cffcriex
Katn far TlltPrtnnt at t r.t.
Asntruxt. lanaarv. 1847 133.
n ,T 1 ' X J
Head, ami Profit by IXcacU
"iff- .
" Those persons who purchased oronert at th
Trustee-sale of J, M. Rice, in November, 184S,
aro rerectfullv informed that theirniM
due the 17th alt., sod that unless' paid pre visas
to uie isi oi January next, will ot put out for col
lection.
' . 1 A. T. SUMMEY, Trwet.
Atthevirie, Dec. 2, 1817 It - J7J
JDr. JLcstcr
Has lost adided - to his former eifenaiva auV
of ' "
Drills and illcdicines. .
the following, among other articles!
ouptiaio ot quinine,
' Morphine,-
1 ' Zinc, ?
1 . . - Copper, ' -
Nitrate of ' Silver, "
Extract of . . Liquorice,
i Powderei - Opium,
tr . , ' . ' 4 Castor OiL
, -IIe has also a large quantity of
Unseed Oi, While Lead in Oi, Cop
Varnish, Japan Varnish f Leather
Varnish, Src, fyr..
All of which will bb sold on tba mmt r...
able terms. ! ..::':. . r .... .
Ashevillc. JoTy 13, 18H. tf. 2JJ
RAN AWAY
From the Subscriber about the !0tV
of Aocust last, a Negro Fellow named
MOSB; about 33 years of age, weigh
1C3 or 170 Ibs about S frwt t.fh '
ble black, haa a down cast book, speaki short;
rauier suppressing ms woros when npt pleased,
and :as a light beard jTor a man of his age. ' Ho
may be harboured by' some white person, or bare
free papers, and aiming to get to a non-slavehol.
ding Sute. Ilmay be -that ho is lurking abowl
the mountains of GrccnviHeor North Carolina. '
Fifty Dollars Reward will be giren- for proof to
convict any person of harboring or' aiding said
Ncffro. pr Twenty-five Dollars for tho apprehsm.
sion of Kiid Negro and' his delivery to mo, or
lodged in any jail so that I can Vet him, and gi v.
ing me information 'at Tylers villa,' Laurens Diet.
' DAVID R. FOWLCS.
Oci.7,1847. y tjl7I-m.
Arrivals and Departures of Al&ila
1 at and from Ashcville,
Tor CUrknOIe, Co. LcayJ AaheviHo every
monday and friday at 5 a. m. 'Arrirs at Ashe.
viHe Wednesday and tatnday by 6 p ra korta
mail. - f f ,'. ,
Eor WitynetiiHe, by Tvrtej Cm, fe. Lt&ra
every fnday by. 1 p arriw by the next fridaj
by 12 m-J horse maiL
Far MvrpanUm. Ltri every wedoeaday an4 1
Saturday at 5 a m'-j arrive thunday and etmcay
by Hp m.; horse mail. - . .
For EitnunilU mr4 Morgan:. Lear overr
fridiiy at S a ra.; arrive Ihursday by 4 pmHort
mail. - t
For Grtem&i 5, C. Leave 9Tet7 Baar
2ifday.4indfriday-at4 a m,i arrive orerr trasw
tu
(nV.lhanAX nMl.tril..l.ti ... J .
hack. " ' J T Horn.
and lburlay atda vrfce the ki
4 a tru - 4 ' '
The delivery of Kail matter on aablal la
citizens of tqwn, will ta between tie Lou.a tffl
anu na;i past a m.
' H McC. TATT, P,
1 1 X rn i uremia. LeTt taaday, taudux, ail
ihursday at 4 a m.; arrive tseadav. thtraday azi
Saturday bf 4am. " '