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CIIA71L0TTK, .V. C. OCTOBER 4, 1824.
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lUOORAPlIY.
MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE.
Tlu‘ following dfcjj;raphical notice of
iuu ral La Fayette, is an ahiidg^ment
K.do for a Boston paper, of an article in
I now French bio,(graphical dictionary,
lliich is said to be one not remarkable
iis parliality to men of liberal princi-
it s. The article is, however, kind on
ic whole and contains particulars of the
lu ral’s life which arc not familiar to
njci'ican readers.—iVW. Gaz.
oin the Paris lliograpiiie dcsIIommcsVivants.
Idrie- Puy ’-Josc/j/i-Jior'i-Vfes-Gilficrt-Afot’
y.s De Ln was born in Auvorfjne
Uu'year 1757, of one of the most an-
ent families of tha! province. He mar-
ed in 1774 Madcinoisolle de Noailles,
uui^hter of t!)C Duke d’Ayeii, Captain of
!k‘ liocly (Juiird. At that time he was
\ possessic'n of a considerable fortisni*.
5t‘f()rc tlu' intention w hich had been form-
(1 !)v Louis XVI. to assist the Americans
■ys ktiown, La Fayette privately equipped
vi'ssol, which \vas filled with arms, and
'cupinsj; the vigilance which watched
iiu, sailed t(' ' nerica. There he served,
rsi mcroi- - JXiliuUecr. in the revolu-
lonarv ut any design except
-it . 'ction as a soldier.
. 'espatched to that
’>()dy of French
i ved his courajjo
.11 the command of a
-I’s, w'ho joining them-
inhabitanis, contributed
s\iccess of the An.erican Re-
Durinp; this st;ni.q^s;le the youn;,^
ctte signalized himself in so bril-
nanner that he became the iVienti
lltistrious Washington. Indepen-
boui'^ established, he .retiirnc 1 to
with the office of FicJd-Marshal,
kvith testimonials of gratitude from
lericans, and fdled w itl» sentiments
ly M hich the success of tiiat peo
their republican d'liberutlons had
•iso to in his mind. He was re-
ii Paris with a sort (jf enthusiasm.
?; w'as talked of but I .a Fayette, his
as every w here sounded, and his
was every where to be seen. At
vocation of the States General he
sen deputy to that assembly, with-
•sition,by the nobility of Auvergne
ame tl\ere supportel by the pub
on. At that time a constitution
^...lod for on all sidvi. M. de La
i'ayette, who afterwards placed himself
in the first rank in constitutional enter-
pvuses, did not speak o.i this occasion,
lie continued to sil with the majority of
t’lii' nol)ility in their own chaniber, until
The 27th of June, when tiu' king, alarmed
by the boldness of the re\ olutionists, com-
iiKinded that order to unite to the two
lere. La Fayette j)niti sted, Avith the
'.niijoi-ity of his order, July 3d, 17H9, a-
K-nist every thing whi:'h was done coti-
trary to the principles of the nioiiai r.hy,
• ad the in(ll\i(!ual I’ights of’the ordei"^—
uul he, e\('M {!-'niati(!ed hat a!i art slioiild
be passed by the chaniijcr i.s v.cil ls his
tollcan-iies (.i'the ,\uvt rgne n.-bi!l'y, de
claring thut they had t^Il in tin !)•
|) >'.\er to support th(; sys'j'iu of’ voting 1)V
Qi’ l'Ts. It is certain tlKili^ was n^-t \uitil
•■^1' t!ii‘se efforts had pro\cti iVnitless, tl’.ut
ht' tlflei'p.iiiicd to join th* ■‘•■s'n tii-
As its manflates wei-e imperative,
hf ■'■'oiild :i()i take part in i:s (ieliljera-
'•itiv. umi! hi' iiud obtiiiiiet! iVom his con-
'lenls ne\. powers in v, I Ich thisclati'-e
not siipiiiated. lie dctnanded leave
i 'enee in order to solicit this, and it
ii‘ t unii.l !iis return i!uU he li«“gan his
m’)iu,io!iary c.a-eer. July II, i7!v.’, he
a riei'l:iratio'.i (/»’ rigli's, which
"'2' y •' 'i anpiaudc'd. It w;.s in moving
Mcela that Iv! nuidetlie remark,
v.l.i'", i. ;atiiiy is at its h'!!,dil, i.-intr-
^ '// /'a'/;/6'.s7 /;»./// ofdi/lirs. The
i;. - j (i|-,.\v the [)ublic silten-
ti* siili Trove ’;pun La Fayette, ;md from
'Kiv in;iy ilated tlie immense pow-
h lie av'^uired. At this period
t wus m il:ing military pr'*par:i-
3 ' lii’ f.eriii'il to announce the in-
i’ i';li >s')l\ !M,>- '.heassi'inbly l)v force.
' ol'juiy I'J, a violent insiir-
" bi'iko out lithe ca]/itai, v.hieh
i'r'tence, ;iic (li-^missal of M.
•'j_ • lie 1 Vn, L'.i!ly 'I'olendale
I’-i 'I]!:•. s.'.l T dl l !(>e tl\ut tne
ship of the honor and loyalty of the
t rench. La Fayette obtained an addition
to this decision, that the ministers who
were to be appointed by the king were,
as well as all civil and military agents,
responsible for any undertaking contrary
to the rights of the nation, and the decrees
of the national assembly. After this de
liberation, which was had very late, the
assembly continued to sit all night, M. La
Fayette presiding over it, in the place of
M. Le Franc-de-Pampignan, Archbishop
ol V ienne, who on account of his extreme
old age could not till an ofRce so fatiguing.
July 15th he w'as chosen by th** commune
‘It ^*aris, commander of the Parisian mi-
>itia, which was almost immediately after
called the Katio'xal Gunrd, The young
general accepted this nomination, and
drawing his sword, made a vow to sacri-
tice his life to the preservation of ttiat
precious liberty the defence of which they
had entrusted to him. Kvery thing was
In the holy week of 1791, the king
wished to go to St. Cloud. As soon as
this reached the ears of the jacobin party,
they reported that the monarch was about
to leave the kingdom. This was believ
ed by the national guard, and instead of
favoring this little expedition, they pre
vented it, notwithstanding the orders of
their general to the contrary, whom, until
that time, they had obeyed with the great
est enthusiasm. La Fayette, vexed with
this disobedience, resigned the command,
but the national guard displayed so much
regret, that he resumed it again. On the
departure of the king in June of the same
year, he was accused by the jacobins of
having favored it. The truth is, that
w hatever stispicions he might have of the
monarch’s projects, he knew nothing posi
tive with respect to them. When he
heard the news of it, before leaving his
bed in the morning, he w'ould not believe
, . « . ' ' repaired to the mayor, and when
then ni trouble and confusion; not only he was seen in the streets, they shouted
those who had nothing to lose, but these, Five La Fayette^ and a bas La Fayette.
»vho had much, helped to keep up the Mobs were formed, and they began to cla-
state of disorder. Notwithstanding his mor for his head. The deputy Hew'bell
extreme popularity, he w’as not able,to
save F’oulon, w'hom he had taken unci'r
his protection. October 5, a new' insu'-
rection having broken out, the French
(inards appeared again in the front of i,
and summoned their general to lead thett
to Versailles, not to askf or bread, like tie
women by w’hom they wore surrounded,
but to revenge themselves, as they said,
for the insult.s which had been oflei ed to
the cockade and to the national coloi*s.
M. La Fayette endeavorctl in vain to turn
them from their project. He repaired to
the s()uare, mounted his horse, place 1
himself at their head and harangue 1
them, but without success. Cries of i>
Versailles^ to J'crsaiUi's^ interrupted him.
he could not make himself heard. A:
last lie told them, that being oiily head of
the armed force, he could not act without
orders from the representatives of the
commune. The latter immediately sen
an order for him to go to Ngersailh's. The
populace no sooner learnt this decisiot
ihan they set forward and began the dis
orders at Versailles before tfie Nationiu'
fluard cotdd be assembled. This bod>
arrived about eleven in the evening, com-
n)anded by La Fayette, who ordered all
the posts to be occupied. Thinking there
was nothing to fear, he went to take som*
endeavoaed to infuse into the assembly,
which was hardly formed, suspicions of
his fidelity—but Barnave repulsed these
insinuations w ith much energy, and it was
t(» this deputy that M. La Fayette owed
his safety. The king having been arrest
ed at Varrennes, by the measures which
he had taken, he recovered for some time
his popularity; btit he became more than
e\ er the object of hatred to the loyalists.
As to the jacobins, M. La Fayette had al
ready provoked all their fury by his ct>n-
duct toward the Duke of Orleans, atid
from his causing the companies of the
ijisurgent regiments at Nanci, who were
coming to Paris to raise the populace, to
be arrested. From this moment the jac
obins kept no more measures with him.
Then Corypheus Marat, author of the
Fiimdof the People., constantly denouiu-ed
him as the traitor La Fayette. The aflair
of the Camp de Mars brought this rage to
its height. The republican party, hich
then began to manifest itself, already
wished to bring the king to trial. This
p'arty united with the jacobins, and this
union formed the insurrection. La Fay
ette dispersed it. Firing con^menced
without, or rather contrary to his ordei-s.
I'ournier fired a pistol almost at his breast.
He was arrested—but La Favette caased
repose, having assured the king and him to Ic .set at liberty. Xotwiihstand-
.|ueen that tranquillity was restored. But, ing this he was accused of having a^sa^-
It six in the morning the castle w as i.t-j
faction, to lay before you some prelimi»
nary resolutions of which I hope you will
appreciate the necessity.—Art 1. The
chamber of the representatives declarer
that the independence of the nation is
threatened. 2d. The chamber declares
itself permanent—any attempt to dissolve
it, is an act of high treasop ; whoever is
guilty of such an attempt shall be de
clared a traitor to his country, and shall
be tried immediately as such.—3d. The
army of the line and the National Guard,
who have fought and arc still fighting to
defend the liberty, the independence and
the tei-ritory of France, have deserved
well of their country. 4, The minister
of the interior is invited to assemble the
general staff, the commanders and majors
of legions of the Parisian national guard;
in order to advise respecting the means
of giving arms and bringing to the great
est perfection this citizcn guard, whose
zeal and patriotism, tried for twenty-six
years, oflfei s a sure guarantee to liberty,
property, the tranquility of the capita!
and the inviolability of tlie representatives
of the nation. 5. The ministers of war,
of foreign relations, of the police and of
the interior arc invited immediately to
meet this assembly.” This project was
adopted with slight modifications. M-
La Fayette was afterwards appointed one
of the commissioners, chosen by the com
mission of government, to enter into a
negotiation with the chiefs of tho allied
powers who w ere approaching Paris. It
is know'n that this mission had no success.
After the chamber w'as dissolved, M. La
Fayetto returned to his home—he re-ap
peared on the political scenes, at the elec
tions in 1817, and he obtained a number
of votes for the Paris deputation.
[sELtrXEU.]
PLANETARY SYSTE.M OF THE HEART.
Hv .^eausTus von kotzebce.
A stutlious astronomer was tTkini*
e;reat pains to instruct a huly in the sys
tem of Descartes, according to whicii, the
^roup of heavenly bodies consist only
of vortices. “ Aly head turns round al
ready,” said the ftiir sehohir. “ VV^hether
this systom is adapted to the heavens, I
have not the lea.st desire to know, but I
am pleased with it, because in tlie same
manner you may exphiin ihe system of
the human heart, and that is my world.’'
tacked by the mob who had introdticed
themselves through the gardens. Three
I)ody guards were murdered, and the
queen, foi ced to fly half dressed, was near
being assassinated in her bed. La I’ay-
otte, awoke by the general noise and the
ciies of the multitude, arrived at last,
placed himself at the head of the grena
diers, and expelled from the castle the
ruilians who had introduced themselves
into it. Fifteen of the body guard whom
they were about to murder, were saved.
But this W’as the day when Louis XVI.
yielding to the cries of the populace, \\ cnt
to Paris with his family—and from that
time his pov.er ceased. A fevv days after,
La Fayette, in a very animated ronreren>'e
which he had with the Duke of Orleans,
gave him to understand that his name
formed the pretext f>r all the disorder,
and that it w as necessary he shoukl leave
the kingflom for some time. A pretesul-
ed n\issio!i was given to this piince, and
lie went to Lngland. I'lom this period
to the dep;irture of tb'‘ kin:>-, no great
Cl imes were ronirnii.ied in Paris,although
Ihe agitation v. as rxtrenit'. One individ
ual iiad been seized by tlie mob, and they
iiad al'Tady suspended him to a lamp post,
when the coinnianf.ant g. lu-ral hy^tt'ucil
to tlu; s]iot and himself cut the cord, and
saved tlie nr;happy man. But .M..La
i';.\«'Uc's gr atest triuiiijjh Is thi‘ period
of tlie federati(^'i, July M, 17')o. It was
(jn that day that he received the general
comiynnd of ih''national guaid ofi'rance.
All iht'se nationul f^iiarils and tr.e troops
of th'* line met by (ii jjutation in the C'amp
de Mar'-:, and sv.orc in j)resf>nee of tlu*
kinganrl the assembly to iiiaint;iin a con
stitution. which (lid not yet e\i.-.t. The
eVes of all France were tnrni'd on the
commandant general ofthenatioinignard.
Su'Toiituled with the lujiaage oftlie vvhoh'
armyji" wi's really the mastv of the king-
donj, aiul his power was immense. 'I'he
minds of the people were then in tlu*
greatest agitation ; ( vei y v. here insiirn'c-
tions \v cre reuily to break out, which caus
ed the apprelu nsion tl'.at a geiu*rul ov(*r-
turn would tal;e ])lace. M. La Fayette
succeeded for a long time in restraining
them. 'I’he crctivtr service in which he
was cnjiaived jirexented his sli;iring in
tiiany ni’ the delib- rations, hut he voted
for all tlu' ii'iiportanl iiitiovations, such as
t' ial bv jury, the civil and political rights
of people of color, althoiii-h not for the
imnu (liate aboli'ion of slavery, as fonie
i)iograp!iers have asserted. He wished,
with Mirabeau, whose life lu? sa\ed, tl'.at
the inf! odTictioii of tliis !a’v il’.ouM Imj ' .'ft
to lU'i kitijr —
After this event, the national p,uard, es
pecially the old French guard, grew furi
ous, they imprecated the jacobins, wished
to destroy by a cannonade the rlub^ which
they called a cavern, and disperse the
people who frequented it. La Fayette
opposed them. When the constitution
was accepted in 1791, he voted for the
amnesty demanded by the king, and re
signed the conu land of the national guard,
since, as he derived his powers from the
'evolution, these powers ought to cease
with it. The municipality, th« n consti-
ntional, causHl to be strtick ofli’ a medal
of gold, in honor of La F’ayette, and gave
him a bust of Washington. He had sa-
I rific* d a great part of his fortune for the
i>*voh:tion, never being willing to accept
t jc remu’icration w hich the city of Paris
cff'ered him from time to time. When
rar was on the point of being declared by
tiie National Assembly uguinst Austria
a id Prussia, the king gave him the com-
r. and of the army of the centre, destined
t. c(ivcr the frontier of Ardennes. This
uimy took the field in the beginning of
.\iay, 17'J2, but remained inactive. At
tl ‘ time of the outi ages of June 20. he
addressed to his ai’my an order of the dav,
wf.ich excited in it a universal iiidigna-
tiili against the jacobins. Addresses, in
w) ieh the punishment of this crime was
civled for, were sie;ned by all tlie coi’ps,
aiil the geiuM'al was desijed to conimuni-
c^!e theri to the king and the National
A^icmbly. The rej)ublicans, who till
th(n, had kept terms with La Fayette,
hojdng to draw him over to their party,
earn; out against him w ith the greatest
vie ence. The (Jeneral himself went to
Pa’ is, appeared at the bar of the assembly,
unt called for vengeance on. the insult to
the king and the constitution. He could
obtiin nothing, the business was ref'cri-xl
to I he committees, and instead of bifi *
ci'u ing in his demand, the republicans,
in (oncert with the jacol)ins, had the
I>oltness to demand that he liimself should
be liitlicted. He was well received, how-
eve;, by the national guard. A dej)uta-
’ionof Cirenadiers from the lif1erer;t bat-
lalitns, came to present him the homage
of his fornn r com])anions in arms, plant
ed 1‘fofe the d(or of his hotel an enor-
moii, tree of libei ty, hurig w ith tri-color
ed ri )hons, and begged him to place him
self a theii' head, and d"stroy before his
depa ture thev. here all the
diiiot ler was fomented. He refused, say
ing, hL' ir.ujoi ity of the assembly being
const lurional, tliere was no culls'* for a-
htrm. Kvents .ioon taught him, hov, t;mall
*!'is iT';-io-.’iiv
to resist their atidacious adversaries.—
Before his departure he invited the king
to place himself in the midst of his ar
my, to escape the swords of the factious
party, and he offered to ensure his safety.
But the indecision of the khig, and the
prejudices of the queen, prevented the
king from availing himself of the last
means of safety. The republicans in
troduced into the assembly their project
of indicting the general. It was rejected
by two thirds of the voices, but this de
liberation was itself the signal for the re
volution of August 10th, La Fayette
was just on the point of fighting the Prus
sians, w hen he heard of this revolution.
He wished at first to face the storm, or
dered the commissioners who w’ere sent
to depose hUn to be arrested, and addres
sed his troops in a proclamation, in which
after having placed the affair in the most
odious colours, he told them to choose be
tween Petion^ and the king and constitution.
No one hesitated, all the army cried Vive
le Roiy Vive la Constitution. But the next
day he left the ariny, depending but little,
and with some reason, on the first ebulli
tion of enthusiasm. He was accompa
nied by some of his officers.
It was then that La Fayette terminated
his revolutionary career, a strikitig exam
ple of the rewards which t!ie people re
serve, for their favorites. When his de
parture W'as made known, the Capuchin
Chabot immediately put . j»rice on his
head—hd-^was declared an emigrant, and
the cpmmnne of Paris, among other out
rages, had the die of the medal, which
had been struck in honor of him the year
before, broken by the executioner. He
had hardly passed the fiontiers, when he
W'as arrested .at Luxembourgh, where
some emigrants, w'ho regarded him as
the principal author of the revolution,
loaded him with insults. The Duke of
Saxe Teschen, even told him he was re
served for the scaffold. He was after
wards delivered to the king of Prussia,
who had him conducted to VV’essel, and
then to Magdeburgh, where he remained
a year in pri.son.
The king of Prussia, upon making
peace wi'»h France, in 1795, gave up his
prisoner to the Atistrians, who transfer
red him to Olmutz, where he was still
most severely treated, and suffered severe
ly from sickness. His physicians re
quested that his situation might be ame-|
liorated: and it was at this time, that, The astronomer looked at her with as-
Doetor Bollman, a-d a young man of the , tonishment. He had studied the heav-
name of Huger, (now livmg m J^outh-j^^^ but he knew nothing at
i all coMerning the human heart,
i^a lavette at his house m America, ex-i ... ^ i i
ecuted the daring project of carrying him I . i^^ar, continued the lad), how
off, at the time he went out to take the ‘ I’cprcscnt the matter to mysell. Lvcry
air; but he was retaken eight leagues i ® Cartesian vortex. Wc
from Olmutz, and kept in still closer con-! coiustantly reqiiire an aelluT to float in ;
finement. His illness liecame more se- • this .xther is as the funihtmen-
rious ; he was left without any assistance, I til principle of all our motions; tho
even without light or linen. At the end
of the year 1796, his virtuous wife and
daughter obtained the permission to share
his cortinement, thereby making the best
eulogy of his virtues as a husband and
father. At last the events of the war
brought about his deliverance. General
Bonaparte pursuing his .success against
Austria, in his campaign of 1797, ftirced
that power to set him at liberty. M. La
Fayette did not return tf> France imme
diately. He stopped at Hamburgh, and
did not enter his country till after the
18th Brumaire. Bonaparte offered him
at that time, a place in his senate, but he
excused himself, and retired to oiu' of his
estates which had not been sold, and
where he has lived for a long time a stran
ger to politics. Bonaparte, irritated by
his refusal, swore to La Fayette a hatred,
which descended even to his son. What
ever zeal w as. shown by this young man
in his service, he would never j)romote
him in his rank, nor evei liestow ort him
the cross of the Legion of Honor ; when
ever he found the name of La Fayette in
a repoi't, he angrily struck it out.
* After the 20th of March, 1815, La Fay
ette was cho.sen deputy in the chamber of
representatives, by the electors of the
department of Seine aiul Marne, and he
obtained fifty votes for the presidency.
He did not speak in this assembly until
the moment when Bonaparte, conquered
at Waterloo, was considered as irrecov
erably lost. La I’ayette voted then, ti
ther for Napoleon, nor for his son, out
fV)r what he called ivttional independence.
This is the speech w hich he pronounced
Jun(‘ 21, 1815:“ When, f'or the first time,
after a silence of many years, I raise a
voice that the frieiuls of liberty may still
remember, I feel myself urged to speak
to you of the dangers of the country
which you alone have the power of sav
ing. Dark reports were spread, they
are unfortunalf^ly confirmed. This is t!ie
moment for us to rally about the old tri
coloured standard, that of ’89, that of lib-
•erty, of equality, and of public order ; it
is that alone which we have to defend
ourselves against foreign prcter..sions and
domestic treachery. Terinit, gentlemen,
a veteran in thi.i sacred cause, T, ho has
I'lv, >vs be‘*n T w' th*' J'l'irit rf
Hearty the centrc of the vortex, is the
sun around which the Passions revolvi
as planet^. Each planet lias its moon'^ j
round LovCf for instance, revolves Jeal
ousy. They mutually illumine eaeii
other by reflexion ; but all their li£;ht is
borrowed from the heart, wliote second
planet, is not so near to it as
love, and therefore receives fVom it a
le.ss degree of vvarmfh. Ambition lias
likevyise its moons, many of which shino
extremely bright; for instance, lira vert/f
Magtidiiimif i/ ; while others reflect but
a dismal light, as Haaghlinessy Jlrro^
game, Fhitlery. The largest planet in
this system, the Jupiter of the human
heart, is Scif-intcrest^ which has ntini-
herless .satellites, licasoji has also a lit
tle corn('r ; she i.s our .Saturn, who steals
away thirty years botore we can per
ceive that she has maile one revolution,
The comets in my sysu*m are no other
than, Meditationsy iicjlectionsy whiidi,
after many aberrations, get, in a short
timv, into the vortex of the passions.
Experience has taught us, that they havo
neither apcrnioious nora iKMioficial influ-
enec ; they excite in us a little fear, ami
that is all: the vortex continues its course
as before. ”
Tho astronomer smiled with open
mouth, like one who does not couipro-
hend o thing, but out of politeness, raises
no objections to it. “ I proct e I a little
fartherstill,” continued the lady. “That
involuntary sentiment teinied Sympa-
thi/y I compare to the power by which
the marnet attracts iron. Both are inex-
plieable> Thesolarspotsmayprobablybu
the ellects of age, when the warmth of tho
heartgradually decreases; for who can an
swer for it that our siiri will not he by
degrees ext inguishetl? Then will the uni
verse be asdark and cold as the heart of an
old man or a conqueror. The t bought
enough to chill one. Farewell /
The lady skipped away to for^, ia
the vortex of a sprightly danA tfio
whole system of Descartcs. astron
omer looked after her, shakv^ head,
and eoiup?.red her to a,