ply 1 ui fw II \Mih pjttcr courst'|
iuiiojisal. halflhcir foinuM' prict', Sul ac-1
’•Kiily (xpnrl lo
juui ktls, *.viicri' wt’ Tiii't't ihc Diilisli mun-
i.i'actiirrr on Ci!u;\l tii I’ns, aticl coiiij «-tf
'.vilh iiiin siicci snI’hIIv. And so it wonU'
be w itli refc'roricc in woollens, if
1)1 otoctioii \vcr.‘ uti’ordi'il by
mjI' lliis bill. He defied sIjow
wi.v the same poV'-r enabled ».s
:o Hip;!)- export cottons,
M-oukl w.»t liavc the same efl'ecl with res-
to woollens. W’lu iv the duties of
' liilfi were imposed for the ])roteclion of
I i.tton nianiif'acturcs, precisely the same
:.r_i;iimcnts were urqed i'rom all quarters
iifait'st the luejisure, that we now hear
t fi'iei’aicil ag&inst this. Clentlenien from
:!ie South lokl us theu, as they tell us
now. that the dtifies were prohibitory,
that they would destroy revrnuc, de
stroy commerce, tax the whole commu-
iiity, establi'^^h nionopolies, Jxc. lJut tx-
j)crience has ]n’ov«-il in that rr-as it
wouUj in this, that tlu se oljjectioiis were
mifouiidod. 'I'lie cn'icis were j)rccisely
the opposite of those anticipated—it in
creased commeTce, reduced the price of
V-.ottons one half, and furnished the plan-
' ■■rs of the Soul!) an annual home market
oi :> I millions-of pounds of iheir cotton.
These were facts, and facts which could
),ot I)e coPtruverted (^r denied.
If the ?r"'.niiciUs of i^entlemcn oj)posed
to this bill wei’c well i'uunded, it must be
a ruinous measure indeed ; bcvcral gen-
tlem had laboied to deniotistrate that it
^\culd ruin the iriaiiufaciurers which it
])rofessod to relievo, by administcrini; a
da:>i;cio\is and c.;cessive slimnlvs t'o this
branch of industry ; that capital w ould l>c
every where attached toil, that the busi-
TU'ss would be overdone, the market glut
ted with woollen goods, that prices would
conse(|uontly fall below what they now
were, and thus the mnjivfachtrer would
liimsell’be ruined by this measure—while
other gentlemen, on the same side, con
tended that it will ruin the farmers, and
tux ('normously the whole community, by
i' icrcosini' the price of the wcollen fabi ics;
that It will create odious monopolies, S.c.
all for the benefit of a few wealthy manu
facturers! One gentleman (Mr. Archer)
Mith great ingenuity had supported, in a
iong and elaborate argument, both of
those positions ; and had succeeded in
proving, no doubt to his own satisfaction,
that this bill would ruin the manufactu
rers by diminishing the price, and ruin^
ilie consumers by increasing the ])rice.
I\Ir. S. would not attem])t to answer ar
guments so opposite. They answered
each other, and were thus neutralized
and refuted.
As to the argument of his colleague,
f^Mr. Ingham,) that smuggling would
be promoted—it w as an argument against
aJl tariifs. The existing revenue duties
on teas, cofTee, See. were much liigher
ilian the proposed duties on wool and
>voollens, yet we hear no complaint or
objection to them on account of smug
gling, though every body would admit
that it was much easier to smuggle tea
and cofiee than it would be to smuggle
■wool and woollen goods. The facilities
for smuggling woollens, it is said, are
great in this country, on account of the
great extent of our maritime frontier ;
and were not, he would ask, the same
facilities aftbrded lor smuggling every
■other species of goods ? But he denied
tbat these facilities were as great here
as those existing in other nations, hjpa-
; ated from each other, not by oceatis, but
by rivers, and such other botiiidaries as
separated the States of this Union ; yet
even with these great facilities for smug-
rjling. we see these nations protecting
themselves against each other, not by
jiigh duties merely, but by absolute j)ro-
Jiibititions. Prohibitions were ton mon in
the larifi's of France, England, Kussia,
Prussia, and indeed in every country
v here inanufacturos had ever flourished.
Some of tl'.ese larid's contained more than
C'OO i)rohibitiMUS.
Before he concluded, IVIr. S. begged
]eu'. (■ to j,;. a word in l eply to his collea
gue, (Mr iiuf h..nan) w ho contendi’d that
till I omniLncement of the duties on wool
a’Ai on wcollcii goods should be simuliar
luuus : a>‘d thi-. w as one of ihe o!)jecs
of'the proposed roconinihment. In this
‘also lio dllTertd i:i (j[)inion with his col
league. w liv lu create a mat ket
i'or our own v.ool to sus'.ain and in-
f reaso our woollen maiiufuciuies, by af-
■f’jrdnig them adefi'iate proiectioti and
encouragement, 'i'o stop the importa
tion of the raw material at once, would
leave them without an a'decjiiate supply.
AVhen our flocks w»‘je hunicieniiy iii-
^ reascd, when the nc( -ssary capital had
been invented, atul wheti jur esta!)lish-
inefits have got into fair atid successful
O| ( iation, tl'.cn the duly will, accoiciing
T ) t lic provisions of the hill, fall down up-
»)ti ihe foreign w (jol and exclude it,
•when the couiiii y has ac([uired the capa
city io I'Lirnisli it to the extent rc^juired.
ile thei’efore thought the postponement
of the increased duty on wool lor a year
or two v.as a wise and n*'cossary j)rovi-
.sion—w hen he ex|)rcssed this ojjinion,
li(yW('ver, he was far fr(jm concurring in
th( ()])inion expressed by his colleague,
TMr. ingiiam,) that the whole Ur.ited
Stc ' s did not i'urnish at present a sii|)ply
of I’ln*' wool sufiicient to make a stiit of
c> s for each nu nd)er in this House?
••n tiic coMtrarv, he knew of/(/v»west
ol O '!), which alone furnished wool
• I ihu line's: quality, f.pt trouj^U I'or an,'
mcn.bor, sufTiciPrrt, and ibaf suru-
cic ntto.furnish each fiit JaUsuita
of ch.thc'
■ ne would notice one oi’ht
remail- irf-ntleman from Souilj-
/■>...oiina (.Mr. M‘l)uhie,) and he had
(lone. The lion, gentleman from South
Carolina has said that the course I am
pursuing in supportinij this measure, in
liis opinion so itijui’icnis to the levcnue,
was a couise calculated to destroy what
I’.eis pleased to call mj internal
improvement. Sir,the tarij/'jiolirij is not
less a hobby of mine than int^iunl ii;iproL'C-
mcut—theic are lujbbies that run togeth
er, they pull the same way—they are uni
ted, insejiarately united: they constituted
together the grand “American System,”
and they must stand or fall together,
'riie tariir was to furnish a market by es
tablishing manufactures at home, to.con-
suujc the raw materials and bread stnlls
of the middle and western states, which
he had already showed were absolutely
excluded from Kurope by prohibitory
laws; and the system of intei nal improve
ment was w facilitate by good i oads and
canals the intercourse resulting from this
stale of things—to I’acilitate the exchange
of the pi'oduclions ol' tlu* agricultural
states for the productions of the manu
facturing states; ihus biiuling the Union
together by the strong ties of interest, of
inicj’coursif, and of mutual dependence.
The South, Mr. S. said, would ultimately
have to unite in this great system, when
the cottons of Egypt, the Indies, and
South America, shall have driven them
too from the I'.uropean market; a jjeriod
rapidly approaching, for gentlemen say
they are now' com])elled to sell at a loss;
they too will then be advocates of this
policy. Sir, it is this syatcrn of nutionai
iniproccmcnt ami na'ional proliclion which
is to elevate this co'untry to the high and
exalted rank she is- destined to hold a-
mong the nations of the earth; it is iden-
tilied with the future i)rosperity and glo
ry of the lU-public. It was w ith these con-
tictions, convictions firm and immove-
ble, that he sujiported this measure, and
should support every similar measure, so
long as he held a scat upon thai floor. But
the gentlejnan from South-Carolina (Mr.
M‘D.) would pardon him if he, in turn,
should say to him, that he (Mr. M‘D.)
also had his hobhij^ and that in his (Mr.
S’s.) judgment, the course that the gen
tleman was pursuing was calculaied to
destroy his hobby also.
I (said Mr. S.) have rode with the
gentleinan from South Carolina on this
hobby; but if the gentleman would comj)el
him logo against Tarifis and internal im
provements, against all those great prin
ciples which Mr. S. could never abandon,
he should be constrained, however reluc
tant, to leave him; but he thought the
gentleman would fail, if he made the ef
fort to give it this direction. They (Mr.
M’l). and Mr. S.) had acted together
on this subject, (Mr. S. was tinderstood
as referring to the presidential question)
in 1825, and under like circumstances
they would act together in 1829. Mr.
S. would always hold himself bound, he
Aaid, to carry into efi’ect on this subject the
tnnv'n uvY/and wishes of those whom he
had the honor to represent, and whom he
never would, knowingly, misrepresvnt on
this or any other subject. Jiis maxim
was, “measures not men;” he should
always support the measures he thought
right; he cared not where they originated,
by whom they were supported, or by
whom opposed. This was the course,
he had prescribed to himself—he thought
it a correct course, and he would pursue
it on all occasions firmly and fearlessly.
Mr. Speaker Taylor.—The proceedings
of the House of Representatives for many
years, do not furnish so many instances
of interruptions in debat“, and excite
ment of feeling, as have been recorded
during the present session. Under such
circumstances the situation of the S^ta-
ker. is not the most enviable. The dig
nity and duties of liis station, rec^uire of
him to be cool, calm, and deliberate, a-
midst conflicting interests and i>as>ions.
But however desirous he may be, to ren
der justice to all parties, yet the short
ness of the time allowed to him, to ibrm
an fjjiitiion uj)on complicated questions,
must sometimes subject him to error,
'i he present Speaker appears eminently
(jualil'ied to discharge the arduous duties
of iliai impoi'tant station. I>ut noiwith-
standitig this, he finds itdiflicultto satis
fy all. ^^'e have heard a rumor from
Washington, that sonie of those whom
the Speaker has found it necessary to
remind of their duties to the House, in
tended to show tlieir disapprobation, bv
opposing the customary vote of thanks
l.j the Chair, at the close of the session.
We presume tl.at in such an event the
House will consult its own dignity. But
whatever may be its decision, we i’eel
coiuiitced that the ]H’o[)le will unite in
an acknowledgment of ihcir obligations
to a I’aiihful j)u!)lic servant, w ho, without
restricting the lawful freedom of debate,
has maintained the Mriciesi order and
decorum in the great Council of the Na
tion. I . S. (Juzctlt.
A lady of Xew \Oik has embroidered
a rich silk reticule, intended as a comjdi-
ment to the sister of Bolivar, who resides
near Caraccas. On t>ne sitlc is a portrait
of Washington, ami on the other that ol
Bolivar, executed in eini>roidei y, and en-
(ircled with v.icaths of rich and beauti
ful tlowcrs.
I roiTi tiie Norfolk Herald.
T NOM I.lVKUl’OOL.
Fovrfcpu dnifx later. — By the ship Rich
mond, Caj)t. Crabtree, arrived in Hamp
ton Roads fiom Liverpool, in 3T days
passage, Ml', Lyfoid has received Liver
pool papers to the 17th of January.
'I’he most prominent item of intelli
gence by this arrival is the di'.ath of tiik
UL'KE 01-- voHK, wlio ]>aid the debt of na
ture on I'riday evening the 5th of Janua
ry, at 20 miruites past at the house of
the Duke ol I'utland, aged G4. His re
mains were to be interied in the royal
mausoleum at Windsor, on the 20th of
January, and pr‘parations were making
to pay the utmost possible respect to
them. The papers are lavish in their
eulogiums on the cliaracter of the Duke,
without, however, overlooking the dark
side of it. In one of them is a memoir
of the deceased, extracted from the I'.din-
burgh Weekly Journal, evidently written
by Sir Walter Scott, in which the wri
ter’s penchant for royalty rather got the
bette”o( the reproving spirit of the mor
alist. It is, however, much Ix'ss tinctur
ed with"partiality tl^n it would probably
have been if written by any othei- individ
ual ejually strong in his attachment to
tory ])rinciples. One cannot but smile
at such a sentence as this—“ The religion
of the Duke of York was sincere”—on
coupling It with the lamentable acknow
ledgments which shortly follow, of his
uncoTiquerable passion for the turf, for
lieep play, ant!—for Mrs. Clarke !
Lord Wellington, it was understood,
would succeed the Duke of York as
Commander in Chief of tl e Army.
Grccee—Important.—The following is
extracted i'ron» the London Times:—
“There is at length good ground for
congratulating Europe on the adoption
ofa linal and decisive measure on behalf
(ireece by the three great powers of
Great Britain, France and Russia. The
('abinets of London and St. Petersburg
had, some time ago, transmitted their
vltiniatnm to Turkey on this subject.—
The Court of the Tuileries has acceded
to the policy of its allies within the last
fortnight, atid resistance by Turkey to
their joint demands is wholly out of the
question. The point insisted on amounts
to nothing less than a full recognition by
the Porte of the absolute and entire inde
pendence of the (Ireek nation, which re
cognition is to be ofiicially communicat
ed to the parties retjuiring it by a given
day; failing which che ambassadors of
the allied Christian Courts are, on that
same day, simultaneously to quit Con
stantinople. Consuls were, at the ex
piration of the untinialum, to be sent to
Greece from England, France and Rus
sia.”
Of the afiairs/in the Peninsula the fol
lowing extracts furnishc the latest in
telligence :
LONDON, .TAv. 15.—People in *he city
look with much anxiety to the movements
of the Spanish army towards Portugal,
and infer from the fact of Ferdinand hav
ing suddenly received the means of e-
quipping it, that there is some powerful
supporter behind the curtain.
The relations with America, too, are
objects of solicitude; and the orders un
derstood to have been given to despatch
five sail of the line and thret frigates to
the West Indies, have added to rather
than decreased this feeling.
Lord Cochrane.—They write from Mar
seilles, on the 1st of January:—“Lord
Cochrane has returned to this city, which
he leaves about the end of the week to
go directly to Greece. He is full of hope,
and has received letters from England,
which are to his entire satisfaction.
As soon as the intelligence of the
death of Jiis Royal Highness the Duke
of York reached Liverpool, on Sunday,
Mr. Maury, the American Consul, in a
way highly honorable to his feelings,
sent a note to the masters of American
vessels at picsent in that jiort, refjuest-
ing that they wouid pay the same mark of
respect upon the melancholy event, as
would be paid by the British ships. The
ilags on the public buildings have also
been displayetl half mast in the same
manner ever since, and the bells of St.
i’eter’s have, at intervals, tolled mournful
peals.
—O^cs—
rroiTi the T.iverpr>(»l (Joninierc ini (Jhroniclc.
From tl'.o Message of the Prj’sid»-nt, it
appeal s that the Manufacturers of Cotton
and Woollen (ioods in the United States
are becoming very extensive in their op
erations. Mr. Adams states, that one
cause of the deficiency in the revenue of
the United Siales for the current year,
that the 1 lome Manufactures ha\ ‘ lessen
ed the demand I'ui- I'oreign (Joods, and
thus the duties on itnports have decreased.
Un(|uestionably it is most drt'adful policy
in this country to continue the execra!)le
Corn Laws, and so prevent that inter
change of commodities with other na
tions, which would leave our manurac-
turing greatness unimpaired. The A-
mericans are on the riglit plan now ; un
less we take Ann rican flour, she will, by
duties, restrict tlie consumption of the
produce ol'our looms, and will carefully
encourage her own. It is lobe feared
that .\merica will feel it nocessary to
continue the protecting duties of her
manufsclures, evLii if wc relax Jaottiewliat
the rln'-jur.of our systfm.' It will bf* a
long time before the manufactures of A-
melica will be enabled successfully lo
tneet us in Foreign markets. U e are
aware that vet) large quantities ol Calico,
of the manufacture of the United States,
have, in some places, aflected the sale of
British manufactures; the appearance
and character of the American article
being new and dilTereiit from our own. A
week or two since, a merchant in this
town received a pattern ot the Cioods ;
they were sent to Manchester, and in a
few days a supply, similar in appearance,
but belter in quality, was sent ofl‘ to South
America, to be sold at a price (yielding
due profits lo all concerned) which would
compel the manufacturer of the United
S.ales to give up the hoj)e of competing
with British Goods. If the people of
England had fair play; if the industry of
the laborer,and the merchani’s enterprise,
were not in a great measure, absorbed by
an intolerable taxation, still more o^)pres-
sed by the unsettled state of our fiscal
system, we should become truly the
envy of surrounding nations, and the
admiration of ihe world.”
American Venison.—Such is the regular
ity and speed of the packets Irom the
United Slates arriving at this port, tl\at
American venison is now no unusual dish
at the tables of many of our townsmen.
Troni the London C;azctte Extraordinary.
vviiiTKHAi.i,, JAN. 5, 1827.—This eve
ning at twenty minutes past nine o’clock
departed this life, after a painful and
pi'otracted illness. His Highness, Frede
rick, Duke of York and Albany, His Roy
al .Majesty’s next brother, to the great
i^riefofliis Majesty, and all the Royal
Family,
From the I>ondon Courier.
Ilisl^oyal Hii^hness was in' his 04111
year, being i)orn on the 16lh of Augtist,
176.). His style and titles were as fol
lows: Prince Frederick, Duke of York
and Albany, Earl of Ulster in Ireland,
Bishop of Osnaburgh, a Field Marshal,
Commandcr-in-Chief of all the Land For
ces, Colonel of the First Regiment of
Foot Guards, Co!onel-in Chief of the
60th Regiment of Infantry, Ofliciating
Grand Alaster of the Order of the RatJu
High Steward of New Windsor, uim
Warden and Keeper of New Forest,
Hampshire, Knight of the Garter and of
various I'oreign C)rders, See. S;c.
I KOM MF.XICO.
Baltimouk, Fkh. 24.—A Friar named
Joa.'fiin JJrenas, was arrested in Mexico,
in January, charged with being concern
ed in a conspiracy, for restoring the
Spanish authority and the Catholic reli
gion, as they existed in 1808. Arenas
was poisonedm jail without making known
his accomplices, and it is thought that
the government, with all its efibrts, will
not be able to identify a single person
connected with him—if indeed, the poor
wretch was not himself a lunatic and
without any advisers, or companions.
A paper of the 20lh January, gives the
following account of the aflair :
“Yesterday, friara .Ln/f/uin .^icna.9^ a
Spaniard, was arrested for having enrlea-
vored to seduce the Commandant Gener
al, I). Ignacio Mora, to take part in a
conspiracy in favor of the paternal gov
ernment of Ferdinand VII. He presen
ted himself to the patriot general, the day
before, and unfolded his scheme; the
general invited him to return the next
day and accordingly api)cared again at
seven in the morning, Inl'brmation of
the fact having been given to the Presi
dent of the Union, it was concerted be-
tvveen him and (ieneral Mora that a Se
nator and a member of the House of Re
presentatives should conceal themselves
in an adjoining room while the conspira-
t(M’ further revealed his designs. The
friar slatetl these to be,—the re-estab
lishment of the Calliolic Religion, us it
existed in 1808, and of the absolute rule
of Ferdinand as it now prevails in Si)uiii,;
the appointment of an eclesiastiral re
gency to administer Mexican all'airs in
the name of Ferdinand, until he should
delinitively arrange tlie government, inc.
“The friar assured (ieneral Mora., that
there was a rcyal commissioner resilient
in Mexico, who dirt cted the grand con
spiracy ; that he had enlisted a powerful
party, and that all the necessary funds
were provided. The concealed auditors
then came forth, and the friar exclaim
ed,— ‘(ientlemen, I am ij'-irayed ; bull
resolved to die for my king and my reli-
s^ior.—I shall not be the lirst martyr in
the sacred cause and will ascend the
scallbld with pleasure.’ The Mexican
editor adds—
“This moment, we have been told that
the friar has been poisoned in jail. The
government has taken and is pursuing the
most enei'getic measures for the discov
ery of his accomplices. W'e doubt much
w hether they will succeed, allhough those
w ho are w t 11 aflected to tlie Spanish gov-
ment can be almost pointed out with the
ii tiger.”
Such is the history of the detection of
the plot.—Whethei-tiu* friar had any ac
complices, or jiossessed his senses, may
well be (|uesiiont'd. A friend in Mexico
writes t(i us thus—“ I know the friar,
"and liave always thought him a madman,
and sumcwhal. cf a knave.” However,
the gotertinfirnt lias Ircatod the Ttalte*
as real and of much consequence. ' ‘
The following is an extract from the
message of the President of Mexico i-j
the Sovereign Congress, at the opcnln-v
of that body, for the year 1827.
‘‘ No change has taken place in tli^
amicable relations of the Mexican Slav
with those of North America. The tre ^
ties of friendship, navigation and trade
concluded with fheir minister Plenino'
tentiary, have been submitted to you"
You will give preference to this impor.
tant business, 8c hasten the final settlement
of pur relations with a neighbouring pco.
pie, who are united to us by those ener
getic sympathies which the identity of
political constitution and forms necessa
rily produces.”
“The American Congress (el
Americano) which drew upon itself the
notice of the civilized world, was held in
the city of Panama, and its labors advanc-
ed so happily, that, in Sept. the pld,.
ipoteniiaries of Mexico retunred bring,
itig with them the treaties to which the
Chambers will, no doubt, give that spe
cial attention which the federal compact
of the great American family (f/y'ac/o/ed!
eral de la grande familia Americana) merits
on so many accounts. It was there a-
greed that the Congress should be trans-
lated to the teritorry of this republic, and
here it will be treated with the consider
ation and sincerity due to the representa
tives of Republics with which we are
connectcd by intimate relation and fra
ternal ties. Two of the ministers of Co
lombia and Guatemala have arrived, one
of the United States of the North, and
others are expected to be here soon, to
continue the sittings of the great Con
gress in the town of Tacubaya.”
IKOM CUBA.
Extract of a letter, dated “ Havam, 24th Jun*
uary, 1827.”
By an arrival from Key West some
days since, we learn that Ccflti. Porter,
with one ship, two brigs, and a schooneiv
is now blockaded at that place, by a
Spanish squadron, consisting of two
heavy frigates and two brigs. The lat
ter are at anchor inside the Reef, and by
their position, can observe every move
ment of Com. P. Should he attempt
coming out, the Spanish will have it iu
their power to bring him to an engage
ment.
It is not believed, that any attack will
be made, while within the waters of the
United States. 'Fhe Spanish having a
free communication with this pk'ce, all
their supplies of water, provisions, &c.
are drawn from here. Every disposition
is shown to keep up the blockade, or
bring on the issue of a battle.
Com. Porter’s situation is critical; the
force already opposed to him presents a
fearful odds, and which will be still fur
ther augtnenled by another heavy frij^^utc,
now on the point of sailing, to unite with
the Spaniards.
Com. Laborde (an ofliccr of distin
guished ability, and the Spanish com
mander on this station) is said to be in
the neighborhood of\'era Cruz, with a
part of the squadron.
'I’he result of the situation of the two
squadrons is a matter of great interest to
the people here, and I presume not less
so to the Mexicans. Should the Mexi
can stjuadt'on be taken, it' will probably
be a fatal blow to their rising navy*
]>rovc ruinous to Com. Porter’s prospect?,
and overthrow his Mexican influence and
reputation. Should the Mexicans pre
vail, and take the Spanish squadron, and
acquire the ascendancy in these seas, ad
ditional confidence and enterprise wi!l
then be infused among them, and their
next attempt would be a descent on Cuba,
the disastrous eirects of which would be
incalculable.
The Island is now quiet and prospC’.*-
ous and though its situation miglit be
bettered, still all w ho have reflected on
the matter, (from obsrrvation) must'con
clude that this could only be done by pen-
tie, gradual steps, through a number ol
successive years.
'i’he doctrinc of equality and emanci
pation is totally inadmissible here at
[iresent, and any irruption or sudden
change is greatly to be dreaded, by eve
ry one who wishes well lo the Island.
The nature of the population, embrac
ing a very large proi)ortion of slaves, the
limited information among the whites
their warmth and general violcitcc ct
feeling (observable among the unenlii;'''
tened of every country) once excitcd and
thrown into action, tumult and politicji
dissensions would arise which vvoinJ
soon be followed by civil commotions.--
W^here it might end, is uncertain* bu-
most probably in the destruction of one
among the finest Islands in the world.
During a late fire in New York cit).
the proprietor of a caravan of living ani
mals found it necessary to remove I'l’
charge. 'I'he l’lej)hant, after coolly
veying the flames, moved on at the com
mand of his master, and the Lion sidli^’^'
ed himself to be led by the nose throng‘d
the crowd, with as much docility as *
hound.
The bachelors in Brooklyn say
resist the j)roposed tax, in ju'sticc ^
thcmsclvcsj a-j Aivell as •