A FAMILY PAPER DEVOTED TO POLITICS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, MINING, AND NEWS.
( PRICE $2 PER YEAR In Advance.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
RUFUS M. II CUR ON) Publisher.
"L Itato Sbtittrt ns fl;e 38i(lom, but one m
ROBERT P. WARING, Editor.
NO. 50.
CHARLOTTE, N. C, FRIDAY MORNING, JULY 7, 1854.
VOL. 2.
SBustnrsj Curbs, &r.
ft. y. Wlftllfii
tttoritey at I. cut .
M Loncr-ins Brick Building, 2nd jloor.
C II A K LOTT E , It. C.
iciii:tt a kubkox,
FACTORS & COMMISSION MERGHANTS,
jVos. 1 2 A'untic VhaJ
CHARLESTON, 8. C.
V Liberal advances ma e on Consignments.
T7" flpuri il ltrwti gives totlic ale of Flow, Corn,
tee . an I few o r 1 .n e.turicnco in tin. klMMH
fn-l erfl.trit ot u'virnj aatistuclicii.
M rc!i 17, 1-54. 3-J-f.in
Dry Goods in Charleston, So. Ca.
BROWN I ft Ci A JJ TJ ,
lMI'OliTillts OF D.iY GOODS,
N!. 203 and 21 I Knag afreet, corner of .Market Street.
CHARLESTON, S. C.
Plint.tim WTnolrn, UafcJtcta, Xc, Carpeting! nnl
Curtain M-iteril. Silks mm Kiel
I).
fs flu" !s. Clonks,
M latill i mmd Shawls,
M .reli 17. 165 I
Tc rni- (.at
Out Price Only.
34 1
RANKIN, PULLIAM & CO.,
Importers and Wholesale Dealers in
roRCtv and domestic staple am fancy
Ml. 131 ESTIKS STltKIT,
op
39 lv ( II AKMvS 1 :.
IL IL -YTIx'Iji'l&MS,
At nafcetarer ami D- all r in
PANAMA, LEGHORN, PUR. SILK & WOOL
opri.-ixr. cii vKi.Ksn-.N hotel,
23, 'S3 1 v CHARLES i ON, S. C.
"I-
.N. A. CO KM. Ll.oPi.I.D coax.
N. A. COHEN & CCHN,
IMP"KTEl:S AMI T'EALEKS IN
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC DRY COODS,
No. 17 -J BAST BAY,
(10-ly.) CHARLESTON, S. C.
WAR9L4W, WALKER
& BURX8IDE,
0
AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
NOBTB ATLANTIC WlillF,
CHARLESTON. S. C.
V Com'iiiss'oTi for selling CwttaB Fifty cents t er Dale.
Srpl 2:1. ISo-i. 10-ly.
RAMSEY'S PIANO STORE.
MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
N U X N S & C'O.'S Patent
Diagonal Grand I'lAKOS;
llallet Davis & Co.'s Patent
Suspension Flridge PIANOS ;
( bickerings, Tr a vers' and
other best makers' Pianos, at
Mm Factory Prices.
t'olH nbia, S. C, Sept. 23, 1S-13.
10-ly.
CAROLINA INN,
BY JENNINGS B. KERR.
lntrivttc, -V. C
Jinmry 2. 1653. . 2Srf
HI r.
A. V. HTH ALAN,
ti 1 i ' iTJOO
n m Bo
(Residence, on Main Street, 3 doors south of Sadler's
Hotel.)
CHARLO'I I K. N. C.
Orestes cut and made by the celebrated A. B.C.
method, and warranted to fit. Ureters solicited ami
ft psly attended to. Sept. 9, lt3 8-!y.
BAILIE V LAHBERT,
319 KlNi &IREKT,
CHARLESTON, S. C,
IMPORTERS c DEALERS IS Royal Velvet, Tapes
try. Rni-sels, Three ply, Ingram and Venetian
CARPF.TINGS; India, Rash and Spanish MATTINGS,
Rnzs, Dooc Mats, c. ce.
OIL CMITHS, of all widths, cut for rooms or entries.
1.ISU LINENS. SHIRTINGS, DAMASKS, Diapers,
Lous Lawns, Towels, Napkins, Doyfias, iVc.
At extensive assortment of Window CURTAINS,
COKNICK9 cc, &e
7 Merchants will do Well to examine our stock
before purchasing elsewhere.
Sept. '23, 1S"3 10-ly
The Americin Hotel,
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
1 ni'CJ : innOSiMM ti my friends, the public, nd pres.
rnl pa trans of the above Hotel, that 1 havcleasid the
nine for term of years froui the 1st of J.imiirv next.
Ai'l.T wliich tiiue, the entire property will be thorough
ly repV-cd mmi renovated, anil the heusc kept in first
la--s ktjle. Tins II ael is near the Depot, and pleasant.
It sitna'er?, randerUM it a leairahls bonas for travellers
t id !a allies.
I) c 10. 1853.
221
C. M. BAY
BaltiMRre Piano Forlo Manuiactory.
I J. NV1SL V BROTHER, M mnfactnrsN l BoaJoir
, Grand and Squire PANOS. ThoeS nlehing a
gmm4 and substantial Plan that will hot an ape, at a
tair price, Maj rely on rctti'ig such by addressing the
M n ificturers, by mail or otherwise. We have the;
h .ii reerving and referring to the first fnmilies in the
Si ite. In no case in disappiiiilmeiit sutTerable. Tiie
M i iiufaclurers, also, refer to u host ol their fellow citi-
zc,i. J. J. wise it BROTHER,
Feb 3, I RSI 2-:.(i Ualtiniore, .'Id.
.11 VRill sV SHARP,
AUCTIONEERS and COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
COI.I MBIA, S. C,
TTTILL attend to thesale of all kinds of Merchandise,
Vl Produce, &c. Also, Real and Personal Property.
Or purchase and sell Slaves, cc, on (.'o:nmis:ion .
Salks R him No. 12 i Richardson street, and imme- '
diately opposite the L'nited States Motel.
Feb 3, 1S" 1 thos. ii. M.incn. j.m. E.sn.iRr. i
Livery and Sales Stable,
BV S. II. RliA,
VT the stand formerly occupied by R. Morrison, in
Charlotte. Horses fed. hired and sold. Good oc
co ii. nodjti ma for Drovers. Tne custom of ibis friend
and the public generally solicited.
February 17, 1854. 30-y
K. HAMILTON. K. M. OATES.
HAMILTON & OATES,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
Corner of Richardtan and Laurel Strcttf,
COLUMBIA, S. C.
Jjne 9 185 4 ly
. -
From the South Carolinian.
Who Called Tltce?
BV MtS. M. W. 5TH Al TON.
Who called tbee, intruder?
Oh why come you there,
Like a bright thread of silver,
Thou shilling gray hair
Why come you? dost think that the restless eye,
Will not tell life's story if thou art not by?
Dost think that the brow and the cheek will not tell,
The spirit's vain stiuggle as truly and well ?
Away, pale intruder! you shall not gleam there,
Like a silv'ry stream midst the wave of dark hair.
Who called thee? sad herald
Of age and decay;
Or art thou a token
Of griefs assed away;
Why come you? to tell of the first brilliant light
Winch, vanishing, shrouded my pathway in mgl t?
That first rude awak'ning from love's early dream
That first fctorm that rulftVd my life's tranquil stream?
Away! 'tis no ra li grief bids you gleam there,
hike a silv'ry stream midst the waves ol dark hair.
Youth's sorrows pass lightly,
F.'en passion's deep spell,
May not leave a shadow
Forever to dwell.
Who called thee? oh, was it some dear broken tie,
Still, slill unforgotten, tho' years have passed bj ?
Some lovely air-catle that tumbled to dust?
S iop friensdhip rxclarper! lar life-lattiri rrisfitr?
Away, snowy rccoid! you shall not gleam there,
Like a sil'vry stream midst the waves of dark hair,
Dost come a memento
Of life's petty cres,
Which break not the heart,
Hut the high spirit wears?
Why come you? to tell me how idle, how vain,
Are the wild hopes that rush thro' my feverish brain?
That the unquiet head must soonest grow gray?
And the unquiet spirit pass soonest away?
Oul! out, white forebodei! you shall not gleam there,
Like a silv'ry stream midst the waves of dark hair.
Who callpd the? that shadow
Th..t vainly woed fame
Which has fevered the soul,
And not gilded the name?
Who called thee? oh, was it the mother's tear,
Which fell o'er my lmmogene's early bier?
Oh, was it the anguish, fo deep and wild,
Whi h comes with the thought of my angel child?
It is this it is this and you still may g'eam there,
Like a sLv'ry stream midst the waves of dark hair.
A'a! pa'e intruc'er?
Vou sti'l may g'eam there.
There's more than one blight thread
Ot silv'ry hair.
n , , - - , , .
From the Knickerbocker Magazine.
A Cirizzly Bear Hunt.
A w elcome correspondent, near Olvmpia, Wash-
ingtnn Territory, on the " Pacific slope," sends
us the annexed graphic description of " A Griz-
sly Bear Hunt,
whien wil
greatlv interest our
Atlantic readers
particular :
It is minutely correct, in every
" Pretty comfortable ' ranch ' for an Oregon i
an," so as to angle in as much ns possible of the
genial warmth ol the fire.
" And look through the window at grand old;
' R uniner;" Humph !' savs Billy, ' shut him i
out ;' he looms up loo irrim and cold in the moon. '
lijiht ; in such weather as this, a man wants to
look at volcanoes."
" A segar put Billy in such good humor, and
(he angle ol his legs increased so amazinglv that
it was a sioht to see, as I sat in my little fireide
corner nnd heaped on 'he logs, that grew out the
flickering lihf over the little cabin.
" Now Old Grizzly ' bad a deuced sight bet
ter have come down "
" May be he was afraid the canoe would'nt be
D -
safe lhi gnsfy weather."
' Afraid!" says Billy J " mnn nlive. when one
j earns his n:ime ns be did his, fearnnd him are no!
very close acquaintances. Let me tell you why
1 we e Uc him so.
' You see. Lander, ns Engineer of Rconnoi
sanrp, was frequently off upon detached doty :
fin ! w hen we were upon the eastern slope of the
Rocky Mountains, ne:r the head of the Marias
river, be took off from the main camp some seven
of us to aid him.
M We had been five days out from camp, when
one evening we saw n Inrgonoving ohjci afar off
upon the prairie. We have been hr some days
out of Iresh meat, and be idfa of rich jury buflar
l-htimp induced faner, n Texan named (Jur, a
youns Hlack loot, (whom we had as a pnide across
tl;o Black fool Piiss. and mvsrlf. to ride out in
ptirst.it.
W! tbreo were all prettv well nrmd, with
revolvers i and Guv had in addition a double-gun.
loaded with slurbs. Lander particularly prided
hinifdfnn his horse an old buffalo-bun ter from
whose hack he had a short lime previously shot a
' Lone Bull.'
" Guy was mounted upon n pony which had
been bought a few days before nt a camp of Gros
vi litre's, whose capacities for runninir wen, if
(htv's word WSJ to he credited, unequalled. The j
Blarkfont was mounted upon a mule, while I had
a sturdy-built horse, not good for wear, and not
mucA for run.'
" When we drew nearer, our ' supposed buffi- i
to' was seen to lie n srizzli bear, of th. largest j
class ! He had come down from the mountain to j
, diir roots ; and as we approached, he moved slow.
j ly off to a covert of low hushes.
Niw I'm not particularly cowarded miftetf ; ! ,
i aut mere was a certain someuung in :lie appear
I ance of that customer thai involuntarily brought
to mv mind the many stories I had heard of the j
j ferocity of his kind when moles'ed ; and his lu:n
berine motion, as ho went sideways over that lit
tle prairie, was sugoestivp of considerable speed
when he chose to ' let himself out.'
'I baited at once; and, looking back, saw that I
was already in advance of Guv and ihe Indian,
who seemed to have no more slomach for the fray
thin I had.
'Lander, however, shoufinjr for us to come on
dashed in ihe covert nf:er Bruin, the old horse, !
true lo his lessons in the buffalo-hunt, galloping np j
on the right side. The lear awaited no attack,
but came furiously out from his shelter, and chnrg
cd, at racing speed, upon horse and rider. f,an
der and the bear went headlong one way, and Guv,
the Indian, and I, in about as nearly an opposite
direction as was posil 1 onon so short a notice,
until we went out upon the open prairie again.
Here, lookrnsr back, we could see Bruin, still in
fierce pursuit of 'Old Buffalo;' every instant gci- j
ting farther from the covert, and receiving tho
the bulls (rom Lander's revolver as he would turn
in his saddle to fire ;it him.
"Again be shouted lor us lo enme up; but we
could not trust our horses in a trial of speed with
the now maddened animal, find so kept at a wary
distance. Lander appeared lo have exhausted ali
the loads iti his revolver, and yet, save a limping
motion in his gale, the bear appeared unharmed;
hut the headlong speed at which he had gone had
evidently told upon him, and as Lander g flopped
towards us, he slowly turned ugun toward the
covert.
Me tried In prevail upon Guy to ride up ; Tell
ng him there was 4 no danger,' and that both of
his barrels, loaded with dogi, would certain!)'
kill h'in. But Guy's sole answer was :
"Look a-here Kernel, you can sock along
ar'er that b'nr just tis long as you've a mind to,
and here's my six-shooter, but you can't toll me
up thar, no how 1 don't mind la kin' a turn with
n big Mark Arksnaaw, but when it comes to hunt
ing ii' izzfics on on a pony, just count me out ,.
' But noi Ling could prevail upon Lander to
allow the Lear lo escape; hut so, exchanging re
volvers, he again dashed inlo the hushes.
"The hear, we ou!d see, had lain down in n
tangled spot in the covert an1 seemed to await
the coming ol his enemy. Lander, supposing
thai most of his shots had been futile, Ircun the
swelling of his horse, determined to make surer
work this time, and so rode down to within twenty
feel of the bear, and, taking deliberate aim at his
head, fired.
In a bound the hear was almost on him, and
I held my breath and closed my eyes, but was too
paralyzi d to attempt to render any assistance.
Guy seemed frozen on his horse ; but the
Black foot with a wiid w'-oop, charged down in a
circle, waving his blanket upon his gun, and ma
king loud outcries to engage the attention of the
hear; hut all would have been fruiih ss had not
the gallant old horse, true to his training, darted
oil" to the right, ar.d so suddenly thai I eould scarce
believ he hfld escaped, when I saw the bru o, with
n mad howl, fall where they had stood a moment
before.
One of the stirrups caught in a low bush, and
the rider was thrown backward upon the saddle;
and I found myself writhing in my seat as I fn
ci d that all was lost. But no; by a violent effort
he recovered himself, and I again breathed more
fieely ; but only again to suspend my breath, as,
a moment later, the old horse stumbled over a
ijrassv mound. The bear was within six feel of
ii mi :i i f I if cfo m i si a t f f f nfirlli r , 1 1 1 ! n i c v
Willi) MUM lh W. WM W W M V.IllliVV'l41 L WW I V
the i ider.
J dashed madly down only to have ridden to
m.v own destruction but again the brave old horse
j redeemed himself nobly ; and though evidently
much blown, stretched out across the prairie like
j ",e W1'u, tpe bear close behind. Swinging along
With a rolling gait, his green eyes seemed to strike
fire; foaming at the mouth, and howling with rage
and pain, as ever and again Lander would turn in
the saddle and fire. When thev reached the open
prairie, Old BuP'alo gradually w idened the distance
between them; and firing low, the foreleg of the
bear was broken ; ai d rolling over on the prairie,
!,r,d groanioB over the wounded limb, the air urew
'
frighMul with bis bowlings. Once more " buck
ing his horse down," Lander fired ihe last shot in
his revolver at '.he bear's head, when "Old Griz
zily," rearing upon his hind legs, stood for a mo
ment paw ing the air frantically, and then fell back
dead !
" After a man has, upon the lonely prairie, stood
his watch through the dark hours of the night mo
mentarily expi cling an attack fmm host Lie Indians,
and his blood has chilled and his flesh crept as he
imagined, or really has seen, the lurking foe
through the gloom, and yet dare not fire, lest he
expose bis own person as a tprget ; alter a man
has gone through litis, :)ight after night, ho may
imagine be can realize Ihe meaning of anxiety.
" All this I have undergone; but never before
did my heart stand still, ns it did during that half
hour's cam bat knowing ns I did that wiih one
false step of the horse, ihe rider's life was not
worii the purchase; impressed the more forcibly
upon tne next day, when I saw Guy thrown
amidst a herd of buffalo, by Ins s'umbling horse.
"On tiikino off the skin, it was found that eight
revolver bulleis had passed into vital parts.'
One had broken a fore-leg ; one had made n deep
wound in the shoulder ; and ihe last shot had giv
en the death-wound in the head.
" Of twelve shots fired in the heat of the con-
lent, eleven had hit the bear nine of which would
have been death-wounds to anything but a griz
zily. We estimated him to weigh twelve hundred
pound3.
" Our little mule was loaded down, with the
best portions of the meat, and driven info camp by
our Blackwood allay, singing the brave song of his
mce, and relating bet ween-whiles how their war
riors kill the fierce animal.
" Wiih their imperfect arms, they never attack
ihe bear in the summer. It is only when torpid
with coal that they seek ids den in the mountains;
before which, they make a barricade of logs, and
kindling a huge fire, by its light, riddle ihe vulner
able parts of the bear with arrows.
Lander became lo our Indian guides an ol jct
of great admiration and was christened by them
' K aya,' or Bear of ihe Mountain, which we an-glieiz-d
by the euphonious cognomen of 'Old Griz-
( , ,
" A pleasant journey we had towards the camp,
the Indian chanting as we went, and we admiring
the sublimity of a sunset upon the bro.-id prairie.
The sun was droppingdnvn behind the Rocky
Mountains, which, stretching far to the northward,
j wi;h here and there a snow. crowned peak uplifted,
! liktt mauls, seemed in.ieed I
like giants, seemed indeed
4 To sentinel enchanted land:'
There was no speaking aloud: awed by the lone
liness nnd quietude, there was something deeper,
nobler in the very hush ol solitude, then earthly
voiees speak.
' We made our camp by the shores of low lake,
where myriads of water-fowl sported unseated by
ihe unwonted presence of w hite men. Under the ; gotten, and not a voice was there that did not join
shadows of the dark pines the warer seemed of a j in tho acclamation thit haded the lad's release,
steel-like blackness, contrasting grandly wiih the ! The young lawyer's first plea was a successful
silvery streams that were bounded in by the gras-j one. He was soon a favorite, and now repre
sv banks of the prairie. sents his district in the councils of ihe Common-
' ': Sitting round our camp-fire at night, and i wealth.
watchinfthe flickering light shining out upon the 1
lake in
when
:he calmness and holiness of the time
The eating cires of the d;iy
Fold up their tents like the Arabs,
And silently steal away,'
it appears a sacrilege and a profanity lo have taken
life in such a spot; and there seemed a nobility in
lh courage which the poor animal lought lor its
life."
" I tell you, in the quietude of that night, when
the moon poured fonh ber rich light over the slum
bering prairie, and lit with a holy glow the grand
mountain peaks "
Well, "did you kdl any morn bents, Billy ?
Because if you did'nt you noed'nt mind about the
scenery : I can see grander from my cabin door
any day"
" Humph !" says Billy, as he angled in all the
fireplace. E. J. A.
Allen' Claim near Olymjxia, ( IT'. T.) January,
1854."
An Effective Court Incident.
"LEAD US NOT INTO TEMPTATION."
We lake pleasure in relating an incident which
greatly enlisted oursy oipafhies, held us spell-bound
by its interest, and finally made our hearts leap
with joy at iis happy termination.
hi ihe spring of 1 638 we chanced to be spending
a few days in a beautiful inland country town in
Pennsylvania. It was court week, and to relieve
us from the somewhat monotonous incidents of a
village life we stepped into the room where the
court convened.
Among the prisoners in the box we paw a lad
but ten years of age, whose sad, pensive coun
tenance, iis young and innocent appearance,
caused him to look sadlv cut of place among
the hardened criminals by whom he was sur
rounded. Close by the box, and manifesting the
greatest interest in the proceedings, sat n tearful
woman, whose anxious glance from the Judge to
the boy .'eft us no room to doubt that it was his
mother. We turned wiih sadness, from the scene
to inquire of the offence of the prisoner, and learned
he was accused of stealing money.
The case was soon commenced, and hv the
interest manifested by that large crowd, we found
that our heart was not the only one in which sym
pathy for the lad existed. How we pitied him !
TIih bright smile had vanished from his face, and
now t expressed ihe cares of the aged. His young
siste", a bright-eyed girl, had gained admission to
his side, and cheered him with n hispering of hope.
But that sweet voice, which before caused his
herKt lo bound with happiness, added only to the
grief of his shame had brought upon him.
The j.rogressof the case acquainted us with the
circumstances of the loss the extent of which was
but a dime, no more.
The lad's employer, a wealthy, miserly, nnd
unprincipled manufacturer, had made irse of it for
the purpose of what he called "testing the boy's
honesty." It wai placed winch, from its very
position, the lad would oftenest see it, and least
suspect the Irap. The day passed, and the master,
to his mortification, not pleasure, found the coin
untouched. Ano'her day passed, and yet his
object was not gained. He, however, determined
that the boy should take it, arid so he let it re
main. This continued temptation was too much for the
boy's resistance. The dime was taken. A simple
present for that li'lle sister was purchased with it.
But while returning home to gladden her heart,
his own was made heavy by being arrested for
theft ! a crime the nature of which he little knew.
These circumstances were sustained by several ol
his employer's workmen, who were also parties to
the plot. An attorney urged upon the jury the
necessity of making the "little rogue" an example
to others by punishment. Before, I could see
many tears of sympathy for the lad, his widowed
mother, and faithful sister. But their eyes were all
dty now, and none looked as if they cared for
aught else but conviction.
The accuser sat in a conspicuous place, smiling
as if in fiend-like exultation ever misery he h id
brounht upon thit poor hut once happy trio.
We fell that (here was but little hope for the bov,
r.nd ihe youihful appearance of ihe attorney who
had volunteered in his defence gave no encourage,
ment, as we learned that it was the young man's
n'taii ten plea his first address. M appeared
greatly confused, and reached to a desk near him,
irom which he took the B ble that had been used
to solemnize ihe testimony. This movement was
received with general laughter and taunting re
marks; among which we heard a harsh fellow close
to us, cry out :
"He forgets what it i. Thinking to get bold
of some ponderous law-book, he has made a mis
take and got the B'ble."
The remark mude the young attorney blush
with angf'r, and turning his flashing eye upon the
audience, he convinced them that there was no
mistake, saying: "Justice wants no better book."
His confusion was gone, and instantly he was as
calm as the sober Judge c.n the bench. The Bible
was opened, and every eye wan upon him, as he
quietly nnd leisurely turned over the leaves.,
Amidst breathless silence he read the jury this
sentence: "Lead us not. into temptation ."
We felt our hearts throb at l ite sound of these
words. The audience looked at each other with
out speaking ; and the jurymen exchanged glanc s
as Ihe appropriate quotation carried its moral to
their hearts. Then followed an address, which
for pathetic eloquence we have never heard ex
celled. Its influence was like magic. We 6aw
the guilty accuser leave the room in fear of per
sonal violence. The prisoner looked hopeful;
the mother smiled again ; and, beore its conclu
sion, there was not an eye in the court-room thai
was not moist. ihe speech, injecting to that de-
grce which caused tears, held its hearers spell
l i
bound.
The little time that was necessary to transpire
before the verdict of the j try could be learned, was
a period of great anxiety and suspense. But when
r heir whispering consultation ceBse.d, nnd those
happy words, "Not guilty," cam from the fore
man, they passed like a thrill of electricity from
lip to lip ihe austere dignity of the court was for-
the lad has never ceased his grateful remem
brance, and we, bv the nffec'ing scene herein
aMempied to be described, have often been led to
think how manifold greater is the crime of the
tempter than of ihe tempted.
Correspondence Arthur's Home Gazette.
On the Product ion of Butter.
The production of butter is nearly Ihe same ev
ery where, tnd yet how different is the quality of
that made in one farmer's family from that made
in another's. It is the attention which is paid to
ihe mintit.i peris of the process by some denom
inated trifles w hich gives the great snperioriiy to
one parcel of butter over another. Cleanliness,
attention, and labor, are the requisite qualifications
Air producing good butter everywhere, with prop
er dairy utensils and accomodations. Having re
ceived some letters recently, making inquiries re
specting the best methods of preparing butter for
selling next winter, w have taken the present op
portunity io collect information from various sour
ces on the subject. In London the butler from
Dorsetshire holds about the highest rank. In that
county the cows are milked twice a-day in sum
mer in fields. The milk is passed through a
sieve, and then set to cool in milk-leads. In some
counties glass-ware or stone coolers are used; but
a Dorsetshire family will use nothing but leads.
In these the milk is allowed to stand for a period
varying from 12 to 36 hours- Usually, after
standing for 24 hours it is skimmed, and the cream
is collected in tin vessels until suffieienl to form
a "churning" has accumulated. In vcr' large
daries in the summer seaon, butter is made every
day; and it may be set down ns a general rule thit
the quicker cream is converted inlo butler, the
sweeter and beiler is the butter. It should not be
allowed lo remain lono-er than three days under
any ciru instances. The churn having been pre
pared by rinsing wiih hot water in winter, and
cold water in .summer, the cream is agitated until
a complete separation of the fattv matter from the
milky fluid has been effected. The bntter having
"com"," it is taken out nnd well washed. It is
then worked with the hand until the buttermilk is
thoroughly expressed, and the air-bubbles are bro
ken. A portion of salt is mixed with about each
half-dozen pounds; the manipulation is resumed;
the lump undergoes a second washing, which car
ries off the snrpliis salt; nnd it is finally mane up
inlo rolls for the hime-market, or with an additon-
al salting, is packed in clean tubs for the London
market.
There is an objection to the lead coolers, for if
the milk sours it acts upon the metal, and by tak
ing up a portion of it, a poisonous ingredient be
comes mixed with the butter. The quantity may
be very minute, but no matter for that, it is still a
deleierious ngent.
The production of butter by churning is both a
chemical and mechanical process. Milk, accord
ing to the analy sis of Henri and Chevalier, is com
posed as follows:
Casein, pure curd ..... - 4-48
Butter 313
Milk Sugar 4 78
Saline matter 0-60
Water 87 02
100 00
By the mechanical operation of the churn the
envelopes of the globules of fat are broken, and
the globules brought into cohesion. By the chem
ical process the sugar of milk is converted into
lactic acid, and the bulk of the fluid, which was
put sweet into the churn, is instantly soured. The
best temperature for obtaining these results has
been found by experience to be 60 Fah. To at
tain this temperature the' dairymaid rinses her
churn in summer with cold water, lest the butter
come loo quickly, and be flaccid and pale, and rn
winter with warm water, lest it come not at all.
The primal condition of excellence in butter
making is purity. Milk is in tho highest degree
susceprihle of taint. Milk in the udder may be
poisoned by the cow eating improper food.
"Milk," says Dr. Taylor in his work on Poisons,
"is rendered hitter when ihe cow feeds on worm
wood, and the leaves of the artichoke. Its lasts is
affected bv the cabbage, the carrot, nnd all strong
smelling plants, and the effects extend to butter
and cheese, and all articles of food prepared with
milk." Milk may even be poisoned without the
cow being affected. With 60 sensitive a flird,
therefore, the utmost care is required, not simply
as regards the milk itself, but also the food which j
the cow eats and the wa'or it drinks. If mdk is
so liable to be affected that it may be the medium
of conveying poison through the cow, it follows
that the quality of butter very materially depends
upon the quality of the water which the cow drinks.
The dairy vessels must he scrupulously clean;
they and the dairy itself roust be removed from
everything that taints the nir. If the coolers be
marle-of zmC, n very serious effect indeed may be
produced. "It is probable," says Dr. Taylor, j
"thai some ot tho lactate ol zinc is hero lormed. ; The resih of a liia inr.llfry and cori,rovorv ls
M.Ik and cream which were allowed lo stand in ; prevalent conviction among the people of Yhe
such vessels have give rise to nausea nnd vomit- ; South, that there is nothing in their system of
mg." From the time when its elements are first , 8avcry for w,jcf, lhf.y cannol fiIlfj abundant war
formed from the succulent grass of ihe field, until j ran, in gcripture, in reason, in ihe philosophy of
the time when it appears on the breakfast-table, but- j humao ,ociely anfj in the gpiril of a genuino phi
ter leads, (so to speak) a most precarious existence, htnfhropy.
and its preservation depends almost entirely on ; t n for'lunafe for BiavCry that the controversy
trifling, but constant attentions. ! ilh nboi(ion is rfcdliced to an issue of (act and
.The dairy house should bo a cool, clean, airv j argument. The plausible fallacien of the abolition
place. Good butter cannot be made if flies, dust, j St8 will disappear before the revelation of the cen
&c, are allowed to get into either ihe milk or j 8lIs. Casuists may dispute over the nice dislinc
cream. When the butter is made in the churn, i tions of ethical science until all just perceptions of
and removed from the churn to the bafin for work- j right and wrong are confounded, but statistics will
ing it for market, great care should be exercised j speedily and conclusively determine the effect of
io keep it cool. The water for washing It should j slavery as on economic and social institution- Al
be cr ystal pure, and sbout 48 of temporatore j ready has it. been shown by irresistible argument,
Nothing but the best of salt should be used io salt- ; that the propor'ion of wealth to the individual in
ing, and one ounce of ground white sugar should j a slavebolding community, greatly exceeds that in
be mixed with everv I wo pounds. Sugar is a good
preservative, and it tends to remove any bitterness
of taste in the butter. Butter should always be
packed in air-tight vessels. Any butter will keep
well if it is clean, freed from milk particles, and
well salted and tight-packed.
The quality of. butter nnd the quantity of milk
depend less on the breed than on the food of the
animal. It is almost impossible to assign to any
particular breed the milching palm it belongs to
the individual nmmal,
Tho Guen?ey cow, a emnM animal, has long
been famous for iis good quality of butter, but per
haps this depends more upon the pastures of that
Island, than the quality of the animal. Good na
tural grasses are ihe most economical and best
summer food for cows. Scientific American.
' From the Richmond Enquirer. June 21.
The Issue aut the Argument.
It is an indisputable fact, that the people of the
South have come to regard the institution of tflavery
with feelings and views -ery different from the
traditional prejudices which they had been content
to accept without investigation or inquiry. So
radical und complete a change in public sentiment;
in respect to a subject of so much interest, could
not occur without attracting the observation nnd
exciting the curiosity of intelligent thinkers. Tho
opponents of slavery especially, have been struck
with this revolution in public opinion, and they
have diligenlly sought for some satisfactory ex
planation of a fact which they regard aa a moral
and political phenomenon. But they are not agreed
in their conclusion. The New Tribune, repre
senting one class of inquii iere, ilrinhs :ha mrrie
in the value of slave property, has wrought a cor
responding change in the estimate of morality of
the institution reversing the process of public
opinion in the North, which condemned and re
pudiated slavery when it ceaied to be a profitable
investment. Another class maintain that aggres
sions and violence of tho abolitionists have exas
perated the pride of Southern men, have driven
them in?o the extreme of pro-slavery feeling, nnd
have provoked them to a dogged, unreasoning
defence of the institution. These men cannot con
ceive it possible that the present pro-slavery feeling
of the South is the result of philosophic inquiry
and honest conviction.
For a long time, as we have intimated, the
people of the South were content lo accept slavery
as mi existing fact, mi established institution, with-out-investigaiing
its nature or exploring the princi
ples of its foundation. Nay, more the prejudices
against slavery which were prevalent in !hu earliest
years of the Republic, were inherited by the de
scendants of ihe men who had declared the slave
(rade aciime against humanity. An universal
spirit of skepticism and indifference prevailed in
regard to slavery ; it was very generally conceded
to bo a wrong, but a wrong for winch others were
responsible, and for which there was no present
and adeqaate remedy. The policy in respect to
the institution, was a policy of tolerance and delay
tolerance for a necessary and unavoidable evil,
and delay in adopting any measures (or its amel
ioration. Now, we must confess that this was a most un
philosophical und immoral condition of public
sentiment. It was certainly to the last degree
unphilosophical to live in the presenco of so vast
and momentous a social and political fact, without
investigaiing iis nature and exploring its founda
tion. It was to the last degree immoral to subsist
upon ihe bounty of a gigantic evil without making
one eflbrt for its cure or even amelioration. If is
an impeachment of the wisdom and justice of
Providence to assert that there is any evil in the
moral economy of the universe, for which there is
no adequate remedy. Yet, tho men of the genera
tion we speak, accepted all the traditional preju
dices against African slavery without inquiry ; and
allowing the institution to bo an enormous evil,
sought to strengthen and perpetuate it. Wrong is
never necessary, injustice is never expedient.
Either men were in error in their conception of
the nature of slavery, or else there was no insuper
able obstacle to its abolition. In either case,
they were false to the obligations of conscience in
not undertaking to carry out their convictions of
right end duty.
At last the slaveholder was aroted from this
stupid apathy. The assaults of ihe abolitionist
drove him lo inquiry and discussion, lie was
forced to look to the defences of his property. IIo
investigated slavery in its origin, nature and oper
ation. He discussed it ns a moral, social and
political problem. He tried it l.y the test of re
ligion, rigiit and reamn. And what was the remit 7
Why, that the very condition of public sentiment
which abolitionists contemplate with nmazement.
Hereditary prejudices were swept away ; blind
instincts were corrected ; the understanding of
men was excited (o healthful and lF ciivo Action ;
ancient theories were exploded, and ihe institution
of slavery was viewed in its truo relations. For
long the people of the South declined the challenge
to discos UM and controversy. But when they
were driven inlo Ihe field, they nstonished and
confounded the enemy by their resources and their
triumphant resistance.
The slaveholder no longer shrinks from n con
test of argument. Confident in the justice of his
cause he readily accepts the defiance of the aboli
tionist. But observe with what different weapons
I the hostiie parties contend. The abolitionist deals
in declamation ; the champion of slavery in argu
ment. The brmer appeals io the fancy und sen
sibilities; the latter to ihe renson and understand
ing. The nbolilionist draws upon fiction for his
resources, the slaveholder opposes the returns of
the census to the deceitful figures of rhetoric.
the free States. Even in the North, candid men
concede that their liberty is rapidly degenerating
inlo license ar.d anarchy. The following stalistic?,
exhibiting a comparative view of Norlhern and
Southern society in respect to two most important
elements, are pregnant with instruction nnd en
couragement to the slavehotding community:
I-ROM THE CENSI7S OF 1850.
States. Population. No. ef No. of
Churches. Criminals-
Maine, 583,169 945 62
Massachusetts, 994.514 1,475 301
New Hampshire, 317,976 626 77
Vermont, 414,120 599 39
Connecticut, . 376.792 734 145
Rhode Island, 147,645 228 24
New York, 3,097,394 4,134 1,080