OFFICE UP STAIRS OPPOSITE SCAF.R'S DRUG STORE
A Family Paper, devoted to Slale Intelligence, the News of the World, Political Information, Southern Rights, Agriculture, Literature, and Miscellany.
WILLIAM J. YATES, )
EDITOR AKD PKOPRIETOR. )
BY
CHARLOTTE. MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA,
$2 PER ANNUM
In Advance.
TUESDAY, MARCH 23, 1858."
VOLUME
Numbs SOI,
jj o w
Ass tClATI
editor.
2WoT7tr Seriei
mm
re
THE
Co
I 1 a . -5- 4 4 A - T
v. i- I -m. t' ! m f : i i lie i
published every Tuesday
,t .'i::: r tha latest News, a lull and acca
rate Ren rt 't" the Market, &C.
j
.i. . if in mlvii'.ire S (Ml
i 1 i , 'a ,,
It nflid wit. no six i mi
2 .".'i
paid after the cwpirutlcu if the year, 3 00
mm ...,
m v n-rsiii Keiiuin
Jl HI tC
. uo- ,
i'.'.mts. "iw-..iui.ii!.ii l by the advance sub
M-riptio:i ($!) will receive a ixth copy ga
la nt olie o.ll
tyStthribew and tli
w
rh
iy wish
nail, at
to aead uon
to u.-. can
iV
i:;r risk
ADVERTISING.
i r lea. tor 3 months, S'. DO
1 " I'
It', lines, or less, first insertion, SI 80
Ka : a i i leal iaaertioa, -5
ly Transient advertisements must be
paid for in advance.
'i'.r announcing Candidates for office,
c;, ;, advance.
- Vdvertisemeats not marked on tbe
. , . :n l... ;.,
nru
ed until forbid. and charged accordingly
WILLIAM J. YATES. "
not ijivc ex
are consider
continue llieir subscripuons.
iuhseribcra neglect or refuse to
wspapcrs from the post offi
t:t i
a . .
rhich
thev arc directed, they ar
lekl
reKnille until they have settled tuc bills
and ordered them discontinued,
3. If subscribers remove to other places
without informing the publishers, and the
newspapers are sent to the former direction,
they are held responsible.
4, The Courts have decided that refusing
rn take i
wspapers
tr -in
the offic
e, or
removing an
eaving mem oncancu km,
. . 1 ! A -
J,rtnt:i fitrt,- eVI
dence of intentitmal fraud.
ne
Uuited States Courts have also
decided that a Postmaster who
uetdects to perform
lutv of giving
re usonaWc potiee, ;i required by the Post
i ffiec Oepartinent of the neglect of a Hrsvn
f.. i .L-.,fr..m the ttffice. nc vsi.ijers addressed
. . - T I
to him, ren in s the Postmaster liab
publisher for the sulscription price
t-- tl
SAM: P. SMITH,
Attorney .-ssstl CJonasclIor
M iv always be found at the Office of Wa j
.1. htislou, I.s;i
i:
l rioinpt
unilng "t I
Jaa., 185
attention riven to Collections,
Is, Conveyances, okc
"lv
W. A. OWENS,
Attorney art X-srvru"
Charlotte, N. C.
AVill practice in tin
Courts of this and the
adjoiuiug counties.
tin n e nearly opposite
January ID, 1858.
the t'ostumce.
WILLIAM J. KERR,
Attor?-iey zx't X-"i7"
AiiJ Solicitor ia Equity,
'!::s2o!e, .IT. (
Will practice in the Courts of M cklenburg and
the adjoining Counties. Special attention paid
to the roll, ction ot claims.
Omcr iu th.- budding formerly occupied by
th. St;lt.- Hank.
Jan. 14, l8orf. 3m
M I. L TOLLOCK
Offers his PROFESSIONAIi SERVICES
loth.- citi.'-ns ofCha-.ioiie and vicinity.
Office on Trade street, two doors South of
the Court House.
Dec. mbcr J.t. l:.T. ly
ii. js. wiuTams
Dealers in
GROCERIES,
WHOLESALE RETAIL,
Are now reeeivinar a larsre Stock, and will hav,
now receivinjra large Stock.
weekly additions as their sal.
Tbr-v will sell to the Wholcsal
may r ipr.re.
Trade at a
mall commission.
Terms:
CASH or Country Produce.
"We occupy the well known stand recently
' (;:. ie.l by T. M- Farrow, ;i doors from the
western corner, Trade street.
IV AU orders will have prompt attention,
and goods put as low as if the purchaser were
piesent.
11. H. WILLIAMS A CO.
Charlotte, Jan. -Jo, 1858 -i-Ui
At the Westers Democrat OlHee.
Warrants, Marriage Licenses,
Tax Receipts. Subpoenas, Jury Tickets.
Administrators' Bonds and Letters,
Guardian Bonds, Indentures,
Deeds for conveying Lands or houses ,
Prosecution Bonds, Ca Sa Bonds, j
Attachments, Delivery Bonds.
ri Fas. eo-mtv and superior court.
ras, count KM supenor court. ,
tables' Bail Bonds, county and stipe- ;
, i oi.rt. Writs
T l i i n, ;,;
Commissions to take Depositions.
Witness Tickets.
Oil:
Ejectments. Capias Bonds.
Scire Facias, Sheriffs Deeds.
Jury Tickets, &c. Ac
y Blanks of all kinds printed to order
at
hurt notice.
iia nn ii i ikll
"saiions rtire lihmcu vh
Jst to hand at
PR IT CHARD'S
Irwin's Corner.
Feb. 1.
LAT.V OF NEWSPAPERS. :
t . Char!
Manv persons arc nmler wrong impres- stand
-....-.i-.l tl.- l-iw -,iIieellilllr II
newsnaiwrs. l"'r their special benefit we
iuhlili the following :
I Su!criber8 who !
notsrt '." the contra it,
ai-hing
J. If
t!i -:r ie
CONFECTIONERY
AND VARIETY STORE.
e we. . w
.3. J. fl-.E,.72B-.;E5,
Oae coor ahovt the Hani: of Charlotte,
R -etfallj informs hW pubic that he baa on
hand a gpk-ndid assortment of
I t 'onf. ,-t:.. 'tierics.
West India Fruits,
, ,,- ...
Havana oirar, fine
Chewing and smoking
Tobacco, Snuff. Also, a
variety of Musical Instruments.
! Yankee Notion, Tvs, Willow-ware, Ate.
He is constantly reeeivwj; the above roods and
awny other artielea to tedtona to ream rate.
J Having aecared theaerrieea of a first rate
Baker, the sabscriber uill - prenacrd. at abort
, ii. .!!, to furnish Weddiag, Pic-Nic and private
Pan - with Knprjar CsakM. PtrsoDa
kvisliiiiff uuy thing in my lints would do well to
ri.- me a rail, as ttai determined to keep a
good Stock and sell cheap for CASH.
J. D. PALMER.
Dec. 22, 1357.
NEW
R34f
FIRM.
The undersigned h
r entered into Con
nershm lor tin
purpose of carrying on tlie
Confectionery,
BAKERY, FRUIT and Retail
ft r T,clV T vo y f W'f'1 c?
ave to call the attention ol the citizens of i
itteand snrrounding country to their New I
m Trade Street, between Brem's and
...lr....,Knll'.
at
pratt & Daniel's old Stand, ;
whi re they would be pleased to see all their
friends and acquaintances.
MOODY & NISBET.
Jau. ::, lioS. itt-tf.
Keep Your Pianos in Tune.
The citizens of Charlotte and surrounding
country are again reminded that tbe subscriber j
is at ail times prepared to r pair and tune
Pianos and .Mi lode, ms in the lu st possible mali
ner. He would not say that an old instntaient
can be made to sound as well as a new one with
all the modern improvements attach" d, h :'. he
is prepared to say thai an eld instrument which
will justify repairs at all, can be made to
emit as good and as sweet a tone as the same
instrunt, nt did win n new. j
Hi; also intends keeping constantly en hand, I
JSTg-xaJ" P'iaiios,
From the most celebrated Manufacturers
in the United States
which will be sold at manufacturers' prices, with
freight added OLD PIANOS received in part i
pay for new ones, according Ui their value.
He also intends keeping constantly on hand, i
s; coud-hand instrniiM'ute, t. sell or to rent.
An v person having old instruments, and are
desin'ms of selling them, may do well to have
th m n-pain d and kept exposed to sale in this j
market.
Kepair Shop and Wareroom at -the Musical 1
Hall, uii Stairs over China Hall.
ASA GEORGE.
Charlotte. N. C, Jan.y., IdoS. ly
Fresh Baker's Bread,
Sup :i.-r Bread baked every morning for
familh s, at
J. t. Palmer's Confectionery,
one door above the Hank of Charlotte.
Feb. 2. 1-..S.
ilMDERSON& A1IHKXS
Are daily receiving, and have now on h
exc ilent assort na nt ot
an
Fancy and Staple
ra
t.
The cheapest stock of BOOTS, SHOES aud
CL TH1NU in this section of country.
HARDWARE, GROCERIES,
HATS, CAPS,
AND IIoJiBsels.
A large and very cheap stoc k of
CLOAKS, &c.
We offer the following goods at the annexed
low prices :
Men's stout Shoes, whole leather, $1 "TA
Hoots, Kip and Heavy, $2 To to
Ladies' calfskin Hoots. $1 0U
Morocco and goatskin Boots, $1 to l '2o
Men's Coats from to Srlo.
Bagbuis and Overcoats at all prices.
A large lot of Pants. Vests, Shirts, Ties. Cravats.
Drawers, Undershirts, Hats and Caps: a large
variety of Blankets, Linseys, Brogans, pant
Stuffs, &c, a hu e.' assortment. ,
Families and others in need of any Goods this
r.u ,v,,oi,l w ll to iriw us a call before mak
i 1 1 or- their purchases, as
are offerii g unusual
inducements, paiucu 'j "
r ir Store at Springs' Coiner.
IIENDEliSON & AHRENS.
Oct. 12, 1857. tf.
EWe have also a good assortment of Goods
at our Store at MoRo's TURNOUT, wWe we
offer Goods at Charlotte Prices.
HENDERSON & AHRENS.
AyrrN Cherry Pectoral,
Wistar's Balsam and Lozenges, Rover's
i Syrup Tor, Hive Syrup, Syrup Squills,
Syrup Ipecac and all kinds of Pectoral
! and Cough medicine. For sale by
II. M. PRITCIIARD,
Nov. 24. Irwin's (. orner.
SNUFF.
Scotch. Mackaboy and English, Gentle
men's SNUFFS, just received, 000 lbs. in
bladders aud jars. Sold low for cash by
H. M. PRITCHARD
Nov. 24, 1857 Jncin's comer.
To Builders and Contractors.
At PRITCIIAl
t PRl'l CHARD'S Universal Store you
. . y cob,
al horn 4 to . c DM pei o , o .
and warranted to be superior J '
ever offered as proof agmnst touc and
ir,llth(r! Drug & Paint Store,
Feb. 9. Irwin's Corner.
can procure an ai
tie e ot Mineral caixt
Seed Potatoes.
If you want to improve your Potato
Crop, go to l'ritchard's and get your 'Sl (,(j
He hus iust received, from D. Laudrcth cV
Son. Forty Barrels
1010
Mercer aoid Pink-eye.
;peu. 9. Irwin's Corner,
Notice.
I have this day placed ha the hands of SAM'L j
P. SMITH. Esq., for collection, all the Notes
and Aceoamts ilin uir at the Sliof .Stori-. All
persona in arrears are requested to call at his
I Office and settle immediately; in so doing they
will save costs.
Feb. 20, I -.")-1. 97-tf
.
Tbe OFFICE recently occupied by Dr.
I. C Jc J. V. Caldwell, on Tryon ntreet,
a few d nors south of the Mansion House,
Applyto J. M. HUTCHISON.
1 , ;, a-a no .
March J. l.-!.rt le-tt
NOTICE.
All persona subji et to pay a Poll Tax to the
j State ot North Carolina, who resided within the
i limits ot the town J Cliariotte on the liist ay of
; Febraary, or who liad been principally
ruiployi J in any profisskm or vocation in said
iTnji fr three m;i!iiits or more immediately
prec !;!! the said first day of I ebrnary and all
persons who owned or were possessed of Taxa
ble Property within said town, on the first day of
o. u:
are berebv notified to ive into th
Town l ierk, b fun- tin- last dav o! Mtirch, 1'."
i List of their said P
Us and taxable prop, rty.
e the numbers and local
ur parts oi Lots given in,
J The said list shall sta
situations ol th Lots
' w iili tin Value of w bich
are
ssod for
taxation by ilie State, the number of white laxa
b: Pol Is, of taxable slaves, and of Free Negroes,
residing on the first of February, on the lands of
persons giving in said list.
J. 1$. KERR, Town Clerk.
March 2, Ii&d. 2yc-tt
NEGROES WAITED I
The subscriber begs leave to inform lht
Clti-
Z i:s o.
retmrca
in a
the surrounding country, that 1
le lias
d to Salisbury for tin- purpose of purchas
ZOT OR1 JVEGKOES
of both sexes, f.'om ten to "0 years of age, for
u.hii-1, tif will nav the hifrlii sl n: ice ll.at call be
obtained for such prou,;rty North ol New Or-
- - r - n . I
bus. Persons having such property to d:s
pose of, will find it to th. ii inn
rest to call on j
him previous to sewing to
ny other person, i
e is itisposeu to p;
his section of country. All
ii tee m casu ins n
he desires ia a call to couviuc; the public ol his I
liberality as a purchaser He also wishes to I
buy a few mechanics. Blacksmiths, Brick-Lay-
inv otn r on vet m
ei s, Carpcnti ra and Coop; rs. Al: letters au
dressed to him will h- promptly attended to
lie may b seen at the Mansion Hotel.
JOHN R. SEDGWICK.
Salisbury, N.C., March o, 1856 ti-tt
BELTS! BELTS!! BELTS!!
From the Boston Belting Co.,
At Manufacturer's prices:
CASH PK1CES:
-J IllCil
1)1
a"
4
5 " - - -;
"...
7 "...
It) " ...
12
124 cts. per foot.
1.1
17
.;.
32
m
72
V2
12
1'iy,
SEAMLESS BELTS manufac
tun tl to onier at short notice.
CONDUCTING HOSE of all sizes, for
wat. r or steam pressure, ordered direct
from the Manufacturers. ALSO,
Packing of all desctipnon, at
Cents tier txmtnJ.
BOONE & CO.
Feb ft. 1858. tf
Eeaher! Icalherl!
i3L T JBL" E 2FL
er?
Hemlock Sole Leather 25 cents.
Good Damaged Sole Leather 21 "
Best White Oak 35 "
'til
I air " '
Harness and Tpprr Leather,
French and American Calf Skins, Kip
Skins. Lining
itid Binding Skins, Deer
Skins for lacing Belt
Feb. 9, 1853
ii:d plantation use.
BOONE & CO.
tf.
Just Received,
The largest and best selected Stock of
Perfumery and
' Toilet Articles
ever offered in this market, consisting of
French, English, German,
Sorts. and for sale at
and Americna
PKITCHARD'S
Fancy, Chemical oc Drug Store,
Feb. i.
licin's Corner.
Sapooifier,
OR CONCENTRATED LEY- War
ranted to make soap without lime, and witli
little trouble
tielo iu use.
Sold by
Nov". 17.
The best and cheapest ar-
Prioe 25 and 50 cents a can.
FRITCIIARD,
Irwin's Corner.
Taniaers,
OR TRAIN OIL. For Tanners and
Planters use in dressing and preserving
Leather and Harness. For sale by
II. M. PRITCIIARD,
Nov. "24. Irwin's Corner.
Lumber !
We will deliver Lumber of all descriptions
in Charlotte at .! za per aunorea, ooara naea
sure, or 51 delivered on the cars at Fort Mills.
W. I. & C L. CLAWSON.
February 2, 1858 3m-pd
VALUABLE PROPERTY For Sale.
Bv virtue of a writ of fka litio t Exponas to
me directed from the Superior Court of Law for
C, swell county, I ill sell for cash to the highest
bidder, on Monday the 19th day of April next,
! House in Lmcolnton, the following
desirable property: TKE LOTS whereon
Sg and Out-houses of E. S. Barrett
3? on the South-east square of the
town of Lincolnton. Al-o, the Lot on which
the Stables of iheaaid E. 8. Barrett are satiated
.01 the South-west square ot the said towuot
: 1
Li;. column.
Also, 170 ACRES OF LAND, ad-
joiniu? the lauds of Daniel Shrr.m and others.
Th. above property was levied on to satisfy
an execution in favor of C. H. Richmond and
others.
March 9, lr5c.
C. MILLER, Sher.rT
of L:r cola county.
WESTERN DEMOCRAT.
Charlotte, N C.
5"s (no of our lady aobseribers sends
jus the Following enigma f-r publication.
i w':i-''1 n'a' afford some amasement and
benefit to those having a few leisure mo-
; ments to spare.
! ENIGMA.
, I ar;i composed of 17 litters:
j My 1, 2, 5, 4, 10. 16, is a river in Enr-
t,V vT,r ,i o i o , ,i r
i la"d. My 4, d, I, a, 10, 1J. i the name of
j ,
a female parent. My 11, 12, 15, 13. is a
hcaatiful ornament for a woman. My 1,
15, 4, 10, the measure of duration. My G,
!?, 14. 13, 8. 9, an expression of sadness.
My 1(5, 12, 1M. 5. 11, t he nam,1 of George's
sweetheart. My 4. 5, 1,2, 10, 9, one of the
books of the New Testament. My !), 10,
l.r. 1(5, aProf. of mii-ie. My 10, 7, 9, 5,
13, 7, an associate e ditor of the 'Democrat .'
My 9. 8, 10, an expression of grief. My
7, 15, , 7. 10, !, an ensign of ro3ralty.
My (i. 5, I. 15, 14, 10, a poem censuring
vice or folly. My whole is the name of a
Conductor on the X. C. Railroad.
Valveede.
The North and the South. The eJi-
tor of the Richmond Examiner, a calm and j
clisjia.ssior.ate observer, who has recently
been sojourning at Washington, says that j
the n!-leelmg between the s
nou-slaveholding sections ot the I nioii, I
,. . . , ii n .
wuicn has been rapidly increasing ol lat! ;
years, is apparent in the bearing towards
each othei
oi me meinoers ir in the various
Thorepresentatives of the Seve
sections.
ral States,' says the editor, "no longer meet
j as urethren vt tne same firm, with one reel
, , , ,, . . .
ing, one interest, one destiny. Thev meet
rather as the representatives of two hostile
nations, the one seeking to invade the
rights ami crush the power of the otl
icr.
It. is probably not going too far to assert tha
.,R.re NVa, ;n m3 :ls ml(.h svin.athv be
, ... -. 1 .
I iween me people ot the American colonies
! and the mother country, as exis's at this mo
j ment betw een the majoritj of the represen
! latives of the two grand sections of the
: L uion. This assertion may be deemed by
! some as a bold and reckless one, but every
calm observer of passing events at Wash,
ington must admit, without hesitation, that
it ii a starting fact."
m
The resources of North Carolina for
Ii n making, is thus set forth in the
American Railw ay Times of the 6th i ast.,
in an article on the Iron production of the
Uuited States:
"North-eastern Tennessee and North
western North Carolina have nine furnaces
and forty-one bloomery forges in a compact
area. Along the base of the Cumberland
Mountains, five furnaces and fourteen forges
use the Deystone fossil, upper Silurian ore.
In the South-western corner of N. Carolina
ire live torses, and tnrouu the middle ot
the State runs a belt of five furnaces and
r I
twenty-seven forges. This whole country 1
possesses incalculable resources lor iron
making, and must become at sonic distant
clay one of tho gaeat centres."
A lady in Cincinnati has recently had a
remarkable experience with a new Irish girl.
"Biddy," said she one evening, we must
have some sausage for tea this evening, I
expect company.
Tea time arrived, and with it tlie company;
the table was spread, the tea was simmering,
but no sausnge appeared.
"Where arc the sausage, Biddy?1' the
lady inquired.
"In the ta pot, ma'am! was the reply.
. .
CP" An interesting fact concerning the
late Dr. Proa!, rector of Trinity church, in
Utica, N. Y., has recently been made pub
lic. Shortly before his death lie was taken
into the open air and seated before his
door. lie-then caused al! his sermons to
be brought out and placed in a heap before
him, and a match to be applied to the pile.
The good man sat and watched with singu
lar interest the destruction of j ears of la
bor in the service of his Master. The ser
mons thus consigned to the flames number
ed upwards of seventeen hundred!
A IIell i roN Earth. The Buffalo
! (N. Y.) Advertiser, speaking of the liquor
sold in that town, says : " The brandy is
( poi.-on; the whiskey is of that variety know n
I as "hardware" strychnine would improve
! it ; and the gin is kept in glass bottles sim
, ply because it would eat through the staves
1 of a barrel in 15 minutes." Verily, Buffa
j J0 must be the abode of lad spirits.
A fellow down east having been fo md
guilty of violating the Maine liquor law, in
disposing of the ardent; and rascally stuff
at that, was ordered to stand up and receive
the sentence of the court, which was as
follows:
"You old reprobate! The court sen
tences you to drink three glasses of your
rascally liquor, and may the Lord have
mercy on your belly."
I CP' A correspondent writing from Hali
! fax county, N. C, to the Petersburg Ex
press, say:
The dwelling house and kitehen belong
ing to Miss Betsy Jenkins, residing seven
or eight miles from Gaston, near the Raleigh
and Gaston Railrcad, were consumed by
fire en Tuesday night, and about 1,000
pounds ef pork, which had been hung in the
kitchen for smoking, was also burned."
THE ISLAND OF CUBA.
Cuba is the largest and most importnnt
of the West India Islands', and commands
the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico, whence
it has been callrd the key of the West
Indie?. It is about seven hundred miles
in length and seventy in breadth, and con
tains, with its dependencies, 32,807 square
miles, being nearly equal in extent to Great
Britain.
The climate is delightful and very healthy
for which reason it is a favorite resort off
invalids. Even on the top of the Grande
Antilla, the chief range of mountains run
ning through the island from end to end,
to to
there has scarcely ever been ice, and then
only a few lines thick. The seasons are
not distinguished as summer and winter,
but as the wet and dry, though the periods
at which they begin and end are not very
well defined The rainy season common
ly begins in May but sometimes in April,
occasionally not till June.
The soil is very fertile, but, as in many
other tropical countries, the people are too
sluggish to cultivate it to any great extent.
The chief agricultural productions are
sugar, coffee, tobacco, manico and maize.
The work on plantations is done almost
exclusively by negroes, whose condition is
far worse than that of the slaves in the
Uuited States. The whipping-post is in
COIIS,ant use. As an instance of the great
Trumbull states that,
. , . . . . , , ,
ni the District of Suga la Granda, a cabal-
. , ,
" - J
thirty three acres, has been known to pro
duce two hundred and eighty thousand
pounds of the fair colored, Muscovado
sugar of that country, being nearly equal
to four
moderate sized
hogsheads
per
acre.
The population are made up of Creoles
and negroes, the latter forming about one
third The Creoles, like their Spanish an
cestors, are intelligent and indolent ; the
negroes are not allowed to be either.
There are in the island several excel-
lent copper, iron, and coal mines, which richest spots on earth.
would be very productive if well worked, j The island ia very heavily taxed by the
Small quantities of gold and silver has also mother county. The greater portion of
been found Since the introduction of bees ( the revenue is derived from duties on im
between sixty and seventy years ago. j ports. A great difference is made between
honey and w ax have beea important articles goods from Spain and those from other
of trade. Manufactures have been much countries. The duty on flour, especially
neglected. j on that from the United States, is very
Of domestic animals, the ox, the horse, j heavy. If from Spain, and in Spanish ves
and the pig, are the most useful, and form I Pfdg, tho duty is two dollars per barrel; but
a large part of the wealth of the country. jf the sarao be in foreign vessels, the duty
The oxen are so numerous that many of j ; Bjx dollars per barrel. If the flour be
them have run wild; and they are hunted for foreign, but under the Spanish flag, the
the sake nf their hides and tallow, which duty is eight dollars and a half per barrel ;
ire sent to Spain. j but ;f be foreign, and under foreign flag
Of domestic fowls, chickens are the most j the jatj is nme doUar8 aud a half pcr bap.
numerous; tnougli tlie goose, turkey, pea-
cock, and pigeon are well known. The
English game cock is much prised for his far superior to the Spanish, that, indepen
fighting talents. It will be remembered dently of tho difference in price caused by
that banta Anna's e.niet amusement, wnen
in Cuba, was cock lighting.
There are manv fine turtles on the shores
of the island, from which the best tortoise
i shell are obtained. Fresh fish ot various
kinds abound. Snakes and other reptiles
are few, but noxious insects are found in
large numbers.
The island is divided into several juris
dictions, civil, judicial, ecclesiastical, and
military. The civil jurisdiction consists
of two provinces, with two district Govern
ors, entirely independent of each other ;
the supreme military chief of tho whole
island, with the title of Captain General,
being the civil Governor of one province
only, called San Cristoval do la Havana,
while the other, Santiago do Cuba, has a
separate Governor, who, in affairs purely
political or civil, is not in any way subject
to tho Captain General. Besides, the
island is divided into three military divis
ions, whose chiefs take their orders from
the Captain General. At Matanzas, Trini
dad de Cuba, Puerto, Principe, and Cien
fuegos, there are also officers with the title
of Governor, named by the Captain Gen
eral, whose office is of a judical nature,
extending to disputed points of 6 ery sort
civil, criminal, and military. Subordin
ate to these are eight lieutenancies.
Tho Captain General has appellate
jurisdiction in military matters. In the
cities aud towns there are also municipal
bodies, called aymuntamients pcrpetous,
or perpetual unions, and ia the rural district
jucocs pebaneos, or petty judges, who are
named by the local Governors. These ex
ercise both judicial and ministerial func
tions. The Captain General presides at the
meeting of the Havana Union, consisting of
twelve members. The chief secular tribu -
I no! nf Hnvnna. is th.it of tho f.'antain fJcn.
, , , . .... . ...
T'T 77
ot war, and in civil disputes a general asses -
sor,wh likewise exercise tbe datiesofthe
civil magistracy. The tribunal of the or-
, I, i i .i
dinary alcaldes has also cognizance, in the
firstinstanco, of civil and military disputes.
TU T'.oon hfiK nlsn a eertain iudicial iuris-
A I - - J J
diction. There is, beside, a commercial
tribunal, whose jurisdicL'on extend only to
mercantii.s affairs.
Th. judges are all paid by fee. instead of
salaries. The judges' fees depend on their
l j .1 ,1 1 .u r .u,.:.
Mttings; they are, therefore remarkably
sedentary in their habits. Judicial pro-
ceedings as oa the continent of Europe,
are conducted wholly in writing, viva voce
pleading and trial by jury being alike
unknown. The lawyers are paid according
to the number of pages tin y write; long
pleas are, therefore, by n means uncom
mon. The suitor ia a Cuban court cannot
move a step without paying a fee to a judge
lawyer, clerk, interproter. or crier.
Some attention has been paid to educa
tion by the Government, but very little
has been accomplished. Iu 1840, there
were 99,599 free children in the Island be
tween the ages of five and ten, of whom
one tenth were sent to school.
There is no such thing as liberty of the
press in Cuba. Everything is subjected to
the strictest censorship. Iu 1837 eight news
papers were published in Cuba, of which
four were daily. During the constitutional
crisis in Spain, when the censorship was,
for a time, suspended, a number of papers
with the most singular names, which were
same index to the wishes and opinions of
the people were started at Havana ; such
as, The Constitutional Tailor, The Roars
of an African Lion, Iliilliant Strokes of
Tyranny, The Mosquitto, The Fly, The
Wasp, Sec.
Authorities differ as to the population of
Cuba. According to the census ef 1827,
which was, we believe, the last taken, the
population was 7J10,5G2. Of these, the
whites numbered 31 1,051; the free negroes,
57,514 ; and the free people of color, not
negroes, 48,980. The number of slaves
was 286.942 ; of whom 183,290 were males,
and 103,652 females. Since 1827, the pop
ulation has, of course, greatly increased,
as is shown by tho amount of imports since
then, and the constantly increasing produc
tion of the island. It now amounts, proba-
LV' about l,5b0,000
The trade of Cuba is excellent. Its
situation, the fertility of its soil, and the
short distance not more than thirty miles
from :ny point in the interior to the sea
shore, all tend to give it great commercial
prosperity; and, if the many injurious re
straints now imposed upon its trade were
removed, it would soon become one of the
rej.
Tho United States flour is, however, so
: tne uiscriinmatii cr duties laiU.it always
commands' a much higher price, selling,
very often for three dollars more per har-
rel. The only effect of this high tariff on
American flour has been to increase smug
gling; for it is more used throughout tho
island than it was years ago, aud yet less
passes through the custom houses.
The trade of the United States with Cu
ba has always been very large. The rela
tive proportion of goods imported and ex
ported under the flag of Spain, England and
the United States, has been stated as fol
lows : Spain, forty-three and ono half per
cent; the United States twenty-six pcr
cent.
Within the last ten years, the interior of
the country has been much improved, and
the means of communication increased by
railroads, &c. The first railroad ever laid
in the island, running from Havana to the
most important sugar districts, was con
structed by Alfred Cruger, of the United
States.
Such, in brief, is Cuba. What sho shall
be in furure, we leave to bo determined by
the politicians.
""'s a-B- r "
Family Names. The following facts are
from an interesting article on the family
nomenclature of England and Wales, in tho
sixteenth annual report of the register-general-
of England:
The indexes of births, marriages and
deaths for seventeen and a half years contain
more than 21,000,000 names. In England
Smith is by far the most common name,
while in Wales the name of Jones pre
dominates. During the period above named,
the records of both England and Wales
j show 265,037 persons named Smith, and
; 282,900 named Jones. Of the whole
: f I Vrla iok-
i tr & -
, one person m 73 was named bmttn, one in
! 7fi T , , William
! 76 V! L
in U T!-vlr' " a
! and one in 15 a Brown. Over half a
t
'"vtl'"t'"''"Viv ""'"""""
; ouMlB Or Jones.
Senators Douglas and Davis.
Mew York, March 14. A report pub-
! In lue "! T B
I,.iJ".i...tt , 1 , , .1 : I
' , .
rue rumor i& wn
u.uui iuunuauuu. zio nas
been confined to his room for several
, da78 severe
1 There is no improvement in the health of
Senator Davis. It is feared, by bis friends
' that he will lose one eye.
THE GULF STREAM.
There is a river in tbe oeeaa. In the
I severest drouths it never fails, and in tbe
mightiest floods it never overflows. Its
banks and its bottom are of cold water,
while its currant is of warm. The Qulf
of Mexico is its fountain, and its mouth Is
in the Arctic Sea. It is tbe Gulf Stream.
There is in the world uo other suoh majes
tic flow of water. Its current is more
rapid than the Mississippi or the Amazon,
and its volume more than a thousand tiara
greater. Its waters, as far as tbe Carolina
coasts, are vf an indigo blue. They are so
distinctly marked, that this line of junction
with the coaimon sea-water may be traced
by th eye. Often one-half of the vessel
may be perceived floating in the gulf-stream
water, while the other half is iu tbe com
mon water of the eta, so sharp is the line
and tho want of affinity between the waters
and such, too, the reluctance, so to speak,
on the part of those of the Gulf Stream to
mingle with the common wator of the sea.
Lieutenant Muury.
The Winter Auhoad. The winter
appears to have been very severe in all parts
of Europe. The papers by tbe Europa
furnish the following items:
In Scotland, a man on his way to his
wedding was lost in the deep nov, and
when found was frozen to death, within a
mile of the. residence of hii bride. For the
first time in the present century the river
Po has been frozen over at Ferrara, in Italy,
for some time, admitting the constant
passage of man and beast. From a letter
dated Constantinople, Feb. 3d, we take
the following:
''Snow has fallen, until yesterday, without
any interruption, for fifteen days. There
has not been a winter of equal severity for
more than twenty years. The snow has
extended to Smyrna and the adjacent
district of Asia Minor, and even the Greek
Islands are clothed in white an appearance
most unusual and remarkable. The suffer
ings of the poor are very acute; thair habits
and habitations are not prepared to resist
so inclement a season. Many of the poorest
dwellings have tumbled down from the
weight of snow on their roofs, for they are
little more substantial than castles of
cardboard, and very few are wtather-tight.
Mormondum. It is stated that Doctor
Bernhisel, the Mormon Delegate in Con
gress, has recently received letters from
Brigham Young, in which he predicts the
annihilation of the United States troops
now in Utah, unless they are recalled by
the Government. He ftlso suggests the
appointment of a commission to proceed to
Utah to inquire iuto the condition of affairs
there.
Tlie journey of Captain Marcy from Fort
Bridger, the head-quarters of the army of
Utah, across the mountains, to New Mexico,
was attended with incredible hardships.
Tho party, numbering forty-three all told,
left the fort on the 2Sth of November, and
reached Santa Fe about the 25th of
January. The route they passed over had
never before been traversed in mid winter.
In the mountains they encountered snow
storms of great severity storms such as
the intrepid Fremont was compelled to
turn his back upon. In one stretch of two
hundred and fifty miles the party waded
through snow from two to five feet in depth.
For eleven days they subsisted on mule and
horse meat, without bread, er so much as
a pinch of salt. It is a marvel that,
notwithstanding these hardships, but one of
the men died on the route, though many
of them were badly frost-bitten. The
animals of the expedition suffered severely.
Foity out of sixty of them died of cold and
starvation. Captain Marcy was sent to
New Mexico to purchase animals for the
army, and was to return to Fort Bridger at
soon as his arrangements were completed,
escorted by a foice competent to protect
him from the attacks of the Mormon
guerrillas.
No MAN OAIf BORROW HIMSELF OUT OF
dect. If you wish for relief you mutt work
for it economise for it; you must make
more and spend less than you did when
you were running in debt; you must wear
homespun instead of broadcloth; drink
Water instead of chain pacrne rise at four
... . ....
lu,;tcaa oi seven. inuusiry, reagamy,
economy these are the handmaids of
. . . . .
wealth, and are sure source, of relief. A
dollar earned is worth ten borrowed, and a
.f..,r -,VArt i hotter thai furtv times ita
collar avea is oeutcr inau iony uma ita
amount in useless gewgawi. iry our
scheme, and see if its not worth a thousand
banks and valuation laws.
A "Rotai. Ivpo. According to an
! ancient usage in Prussia, all the Princes of
roval feaair must learn a trade. It U
" . ,XT.,,.
sUted that tlie Prince l-redencic 1111am,
just married to the Princess Royal of
England, learned tbe trade of a compositor,
in the printing office of Mr Hauel, at
Berlin.