Termsj $4 per Annnnit
CHAKLOTTE, N. C," AUGUST 1, 1865.; ,
IVolnm'c 13 Number 677.
SPEECH OF GOVERNOR PERRY OF
orTTin rT rA TJ HT TW A
On the 3d day of July Governor Perry ad
dressed a public meeting at Greenville, South
Carolina. The Northern papers are making
are-it ado over his speech. It is published in
aJJ the Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia
and New York papers, and is much commented
upoo approviugly by some, disapprovingly by
others. We give below some of the most im
portant passages of the address, which will be
read with much interest, from the fact that Mr
Parry has just received the appointment and
entered upon the duties of the office of Provis
ional Governor of South Carolina, and in this
speech be defines his' position in regard to the
wai and the great issues that have. grown out of
"A cruel and bloody war has swept over the
Southern States. One hundred and fifty thou
sand of our bravest and most gallant men have
fallen on the fields of battle. The land is filled
with mourning, widows and orphans. There is
;scarcIy a house in which there has not been
weeping for some one lost. Three thousand
millions cf dollars have been spent bv the
Southern States in carrying on this war. And
now we are called upon to give up four millions
of slaves, worth two thousand millions of dollars
more. Our country has been ravished and
desolated. Oar cities, towns and villages are
smouldering xuins. Conquering armies occupy
the country. The Confederacy has fallen, and
vre have been deprived of civil government and
political rights. Ve have neither law nor or
der.- There is no protection for life, liberty or
property. Everywhere there is demoralization,
rapine and murder. Hunger and starvation are
upon us.
Mr Chairman, as much as we feel the humili
ation and degredation of our present situation,
and deeply lament the losses which have befal
len the Southern States, yet we should be hap
py to know that this cruel andbloody war is
over, and that peace is once more restored to
our country. This is a great consolation amid
our wants, distresses and humiliation. The
husband will no longer have to leave his wife
and children, the father and mother will not.be
called upon any more to- iveup their, eona as
victims to the war. It is to be hoped thai in a
very short time civil government will tie re
stored; that law once more will reign supreme,
and that life, liberty and property will bp pro
tected everywhere, as they heretofore havejbeen.
How was it, Mr Chairman, that the Southern
States failed in their rebellion? It is trijte the
contest was a most unequal one, 8,000,(j00 of
persons fighting against 2,000,000 ! The one
having neither government, army, navy of man
ufacturs; and the other having all thesej with
iin influx of foreigners and Southern negtoes to
increase their strength.
iir Chairman, I will here frankly say, as I
have often said during the past four years, that
there was not a man in the United States who
more deeply regretted the secession of the
Southern States than I did at the beginning of
the revolution; and there is not now in the
Southern States any one who feels more bitter
ly the humiliation and degradation of going
hack iato the Union than I do. Still, I know
that we shall be more prosperous and happy in
the Union than out of it.
It has been too common, Mr Chairman, to at
tribute the failure of this great revolution to the
President of the late Confederacy. This, sir, is
a mistake. The people were themselves to
blame for its failure. They were unwilling to
make those sacrifices which were essential to its
success. Many who were most prominent in
the movement never did anything for it after
the var commenced. Instead of seeking their
proper position, in front of the battle, they
sought "bomb-proofs" for themselves and their
sons. There were others who got into "soft
places" and 'official positions,' where they could
speculate and make fortunes on Government
funds.
In fact, towards the latter part of the war, it
seemed that every one was trying to keep out of
the army, and was willing to pay anything and
make any sacrifice to do so. When General
Johnston surrendered his army he had on his
muster roll 70,000 men, but only 14,000 to be
carried into battle! General Lee's army was in
the same condition. Where were the absen
tees? At home, on furlough, staying over their
furloughs, deserted and straggling! At no time
during the last three years of the war was there
more than one-third of the army ready to march
into battle! How was it possible for the South
ern people to succeed, acting thus ?
Congress, too, Mr Chairman, is greatly to
blame for their exemptions. All between the
ages of eighteen and forty-five' should have been
forced into the army and kept there. It mat
tered not whether he was a doctor, -lawyer,
preacher, or school-teacher, if an able-bodied
man, ho should have been sent to the army.
But, strange to say, the three classes of men
who were mainly instrumental in plunging their
country into this mad revolution, were all ex
empted by Congress from fighting. This was
not fair. The man who gets up a fight should
always take his share of it. 14
It ha3 been said, and repeated ail oyer the
Southern States, that th South has sustained a
great loss in the death of President Lincoln. 1
do not think so. President Johnson is a much
abler and firmer man than Lincoln was. He is
in every way more acceptable to the South. In
the first place he is a Southern man, and Lincoln
was-a-Northero man. He is a Democrat, aod
Lincoln was a Whig and Republican. Presi
dent Johnson was a slave-holder, well acquaint
ed with the institution, and knows what is pro
per to be done in the great change whioh is
taking place. President Lincoln was wholly
unacquainted with slavery aod Southern insti
tutions. President Johnson is a man of iron
will aod nerve, like Andrew Jackson, and will
adhere to his principles and political faith.
On the other hand, President Lincoln showed
himself to be nothing more than claw in the
hands of the potter, ready to change nis mea
sures and principles at the bidding of his party.
President Johnson has filled all the highest and
most honorable offices in the State of Tennessee,
with great ability and satisfaction to the people.
There is no stain or blot on his private charac
ter. The ablest speech ever delivered in the
Senate of the United States,- on the issues be
tween the North and South was made by Presi
dent Johnson. He voted for Breckinridge in
the Presidential canvass of 1800. Judging,
then, from his antecedents the South should
have every hope and confidence in him.
Mr Chairman, the future, to my mind, is not
so gloomy as some would have us believe. I
have no doubt that in ten years the Southern
States will be happy and prosperous again, and
we shall find that the loss of slavery will be no
loss at 11 to our real comfort and satisfaction.
The planter and farmer will find that his net
profits are greater with hired labor than with
slave labor."
The idleness and vagrancy of the negro, in a
free state, may be a nuisance to society. I have
no doubt, in nine cases out of ten, freedom will
prove a curse instead of a blessing to the negro.1
No one should turn off his negroes, "if they are
willing to remain with him for their victuals
and clothes, and work as they have heretofore
done. They had no agency in bringing about
the change which has taken place, and we
should feel no ill will toward them on that ac
count. But, Mr Chairman, the secession of eleven or
twelve sovereign States, composing one-halt of
the territory of the United States, was some
thing more than a rebellion. It was legitimate
war between the two Sections, and they acted
toward eacn otner tnrougnout me war as recog- n;s .roods reassured at a different rate
nized belligerents, and were so treated and re- J current rates under the laws now in force, it will
roembered and honored as heroes and patriots,
not only at the South, but in the North, too, as
soon as passion subsides, and sober reason and
calm reflection assume their sway over the pub
lic mind.
I cannot and would not Mr Chairman, ask my
fellow-citizens to forget the past in this war so
far, as the North is concerned. There have
besn deeds of atrocity committed by the United
States armies which never can be forgotten in
the Southern States. But I do entreat them lo
become loyal citizens and respect the national
authorities of the Republic. Abandon, at once
and forever, all notions of secession, nullification
and disunion. There is no reason why there
should be any sectional jealousy or ill feeling
between the North and the South. They are
greatly necessary to each other. Their interests
are dependent and not rival interests; and now
that slavery is abolished, there will be no bone
of contention between the two sections.
M m
INTERNAL REVENUE DECISION.
The Commissioner of Internal Revenue has
just made the following important decision in re-
j ference to the duty on tobacco in the late insur
rectionary States:
a
Tobacco manufactured prior to Sept, 1, 1862,
and sold but never removed from the place of
manufacture, is liable to the rate of duty imposed
by the act now in force. Tobacco made subse
quent to Sept. 1, 1862, and prior to June 30,
1864, if it has been sold, will be liable to the
rates of duty imposed by the act of July 1, 1862,
and tho amended act of March 3, 1863, when
ever it is moved beyond the insurrectionary
States; if it has never been sold, but is still in
the possession of the manufacturer, then it will be
subject, when sold or removed, to the rates of
duty imposed by the law now in force. Manu
factured tobacco, in the insurrectionary States
made prior to April 1, 1865, and not owned by
the manufacturer when sold, either to be consum
ed in an insurrectionary State, or to.be carried
out of said State, is liable to the tax imposed by
the law now in force. Tobacco in the hands of
a purchaser may be sold indefinitely within the
insurrectionary States without becoming liable to
tax; but when the same is sold to be transported
beyond the limits of said insurrectionary States,
it becomes liable to the tax imposed by the law
in force at the time the first sale of the same to
bacco was made by the manufacturer thereof.
Tobacco from Virginia or North-Carolina cannot
be shipped by way of New York to New Orleans,
though the same was made and sold prior to the
establishment of Collection Districts in said State,
without the payment of the tax. The tax would
accrue on tobacco manufactured by a firm,
should said firm, on being dissolved, divide the
stock on hand of manufactured tobacco among
the individual members of the firm. If a sale of
said tobacco should afterwards be made, to be
carried beyond the limits of the insurrectionary
States, the rate of tax would be determined by
the time when such first sale was made. In all
cases where any party shall make claims to have
reassured at a different rate from the
Prisoners were
DAVIDfON COLLEGE.
A correspondent of the Salisbury Banner
gives the following jeepunt of the proceedings 1
of the late meeting f the Board of Trustees of
Davidson College;:
The Board of Tristees of this well known in
stitution, held thei" regular annual meeting on
the 18th July, andas many of your readers feci
a deep interest in its welfare, I' will give you.
the result of then action. There wa3 a very
good attendance of the Trustees, and all seemed :
to feel their responsibility as guardians of a ,
sacred trust. fTle great question of the day
was, whether toe finances of th college would
justify the Trustees in throwing it open to stu
dents next session. . In the recent crash the
funds of the college were greatly lessened. Per
haps a hundred thousand dollars, in bank stock,
and other securities have been lost. This will
necessarily cripple the success cf the institution.
Still there remains the assets, invested in such
a manner as torender them prospectively good,
though perhaps not immediately available. The
income upoa this remainder, the Board, after
mature deliberation, considered sufficient to susp
tain the PresiJent and their Professors. It was
therefore deciled to open the college to students
at the usual time, the 28th of September. In
order to do tlis, it was found necessary to sus pend
for the ensuing year at least, the operation
of all beneficiary scholarships, and to fix the
price of tuition at twenty dollars per gession of
five mont&s, The resignations of Professors W.
C. Kerr an! W. B. Lynch were tendered and
accepted The present faculty consists of Dr
Kirkpatrick President, and Professors Rockwell,
Mclver and Blake. The studies of the depart
ment of Belles Lettres, Chemistry and Greek,
will be distributed among the existing faculty,
who are experienced teachers, and the full
course of studies will be taught as heretofore.
A preparatory department will be connected,
with the college, under the care of the Faculty.
Arrangements were made to put the college
buildings in thorough repair, and students will
enjoy every facility for study as in former years.
A valuable addition of eleven hundred volumes
will sooo be placed in the college Library, be
ing the bequest of the late Rev. John S Harris,
of South Carolina, an Alumnus of the college.
Thus it will be seen that the way is open for
securing a thorough education, at an institution
of high grade, in our midst; and we hope t!?at
studects will soon flock thither and crowd its
spacious halls as in former years.
Th scarcity of money in these trying times
need not hinder any one from sending his sons
or his wards to College, who has provisions to
give in the place of money, since a good market
will be afforded at that place, and I have no
doubt that the Bursar and the boarding houses
will receive produce, at fair prices, both for tui
tion aod board. J. R-
belligerents, and
cognized by foreign nations
exchanged between the two
none were treated as traitors during the whole
of the four year's war. Hundreds of thousands
of prisonepfcwere thus exchanged. The highest
generals,W - wll as the humblost privates, were
treated asTSSltured soldiers by both Govern
ments, aud exchanged. Surely a general officer
who has been exchanged while this gigantic
war was waging, cannot now be demanded as a
traitor, tried and executed as a traitor.
There have been few national wars in Europe
in which greater armies were carried into ser
vice and on the field of battle. To call such a
war a rebellion simply is a misapplication of
terms. The greatest and best men of the
Southern States were most conscientiously lead
in this war, either in council or on the field of
battle.
In all history there is not a more perfect
model of a pure and great man (save Washing
ton) than General Lee. That he should now be
hanged as a traitor would be an act of national
infamy that would shock the whole civilized
world, and render the name of the United States
odious in hisrory.
While I do not think, Mr Chairman, that the
whole people of the Southern States have be
haved well in this war, and done their duty at
home aod on the field of battle, yet there is a
tery large proportion of them who have won
immortal honors, and whose glory in war and
wisdom in council will illustrate many a bright
page in history. They have been unsuccessful
in "their revolution, but this shquld not, and does
not, detract from their heroic gallantry on the
field of battle, or their statesmanship in the cab
inet or halh of legislation. They will be re-1
be incumbent upon hiui to show to the entire sat
isfaction of the assessor that the precise time
when the sale was made entitles him to a lower
rate of duty.
THE N. C. RAILROAD.
The Greensboro Patriot says that at the late
meeting of the stockholders of the N. C. Railroad
Company, the question of having aNational Banl?
connected with the Road was agitated. Among
others who participated in the discussion were the
Hon N Boyden m tavor ot and uov. JUorehead
against the project. After the discussion was
over, the stockholders directed that application
be made to the Convention or the Legislature for
an amendment to the Charter of the CompanS',
permitting them to establish a National Bank fa
connection with the business of the Road, in ac
cordance with the financial Banking schemofof
the U. S. Government. The opposition "to flu's
project arose mainly from the belief that theRjbad
would not have the funds to spare at any early
day to establish such a Bank. j
We have seen no statistics giving information
of the present financial condition of the Compaay,
but learn verbally that the Road has paid it cur
rent expenses up to the first of May, 1865, and
that it has a large claim against the U. S. Gov
ernment for services in the transportation of
troops and all manner of army stores, &c. ; We
would infer from this that it is in a safe condi
tion, financially. Not only the individual stock
holders, but the whole State, have a deep pecu
niary interest in the success of this Road.
.
A disastrous flood destroyed over S20O,OOO
worth of property and several lives at Leaven
worth, Kansas.
: Views of the late Senator Douglas on the
Ntjro as a Voter. In the discussion before the
people of Illinois, just previous to his last elec
tion to the U. S. Senate, Judge Douglas said :
? "I hold a negro is not and never ought to Ic
citizen of the United States. I hold that this
government was made upon a white basis, ly
hite men, for the benefit of white men and their
posterity forever and should be administered by
shite men, and none others. I do not believe
that the Almighty made the negro capable of
julf-overnmcnt. Now, I say to you, mv fellow-
citizens, that, in my opinion, the signers of the
Declaration of Independence had no reference
to the negro whatever when they deoiared an
men created equal. They desired to express by
that phrase white men men of European birth
and European descent, and had no reference to
the negro, the savage Indians, or other inferior
or degraded races. At that time every one of
the thirteen colonies was a slavehoiding colony.
and every signer of the declaration represented
a slavehoiding constituency, and I know that no
one of them emancipated his slaves, much less
offered citizenship to them when they signed the
declaration."
The trial of Mary Harris for killing a Mr
Burroughs, a clerk In the Treasury Department
at "Washington, wa concluded in that city on
the 19th. The court-room was densely crowded
with males and females. The jury, after an ab
sence of about ten minutes, returned a verdict
of not guilty on the plea of insanity. On this
announcement, the men threw up their hate and
burst into loud applauso, women waved their
handksrchiefa and wept with joy, and numbers
rushed towards Bliss Harris to congratulate her.
She fainted, of course, and was removed from
the court room in an insensible condition. She
shot Burroughs because he married another after
promising to marry her.
, r