North Carolina Newspapers

rri X o ON THE WEST SIDE OF Til ADE STREET $4 Per Annum CHARACTER IS AS IMPORTANT TO STATES AS IT IS TO INDIVIDUALS, , AND THE GLORY OF THE ONE " IS THE COMMON PROPERTY OF THE OTHER IN ADVANCE. 2sf YAU-i,, Editor and Propreitor. CHARLOTTE, N. C, TUESDAY, JANUARY 30, 1866. FOURTEENTH VOLUME N UMBER 702. . THE WlWVWWTilK nix iwnn-r :i m !ff i XlilUx 13111113 llilM 1 JQPablished every Tuesday,) BY WILLIAM J. YATES, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. riJK o ANNUM, in advance. fita?" Transient advertisements must be paid for in Advance. Obituary notices are charged Advertis ing ratea. Advertisements not marked on the manuscript :... ;.... .:ii ... :...... .,i:if.v.;.i a charged accordingly. - ,$l per square of 10 lines or less will be charged for each insertion, utiles the advertisement isln- sorted 2 month? or more. MEDICAL CARD.,. DRS. GIBBON & Mct'O.MBS, having associated themselves in the practice of .Medicine and Surgery, respectfully lender Iheir professional services to the citizens of Charlotte and surrounding country. From a large experience in private as well as Field and Hospital practice, they feel justified iti proposing to pay special attention to the practice of Surgery in all its branches. Office in Granite Row, up stairs, opposite the .Mansion House. ROBERT GIBBON, M. D. Dec 11, 1865 J. 1 Mi COM BS, M. D. FIRE, LIFE& MIR IXE INSURANCE, CHARLOTTE, N. C. The undersigned, representing some of the strong est New York Insurance Companies, are prepared to issue Policies for any amount desired against Loss on Land .or Sea of Property or Life, in North and South Carolina. Addrest HUTCHISON i SPRINGS, Agents, Sept 4, 1863. tf Charlotte, N. C. HUTCHISON. HUTCHISON J. E. BKOffM. BROWN, & ATTORNEYS AT LAW, . CHARLOTTE, A' C, Having again associated themselves in the practice of Law, will give faithful attention to'&ll business entrusted to tfi&ui in Mecklenburg and the adjoin ing counties. . Office in the corner building formerly occupied by the late Col Wni A. Or.ens, nearly opposite the Charlotte Hotel, where one or the other may always be found. December 2ro, !Sfif. :d. CALL. AND SEE JlcLEU!) & STEELE, Who are now receiving a;id one.iing a ha;-i 50IUC :nl well selected Mock of aooBs, Hats. Caps, lluols, Shoes. Hardware, a ix o t : a: st s e s nu a c e: o v k k y , ..!,'.l, nv will si.ll At wholesale or retail, low rbr 'ash or B li ter, in the More M SANUKUS & CO, 3d door fomer. and ' luor South of lately occupied by J. North of the Sprhigs the Charlotte Hotel. on Try on Street. A chare of public patronage is mo.t solicited. I''- A. Nov 13. 1805 tf M. I- respectfully Mcl.I'.OD, STKELE. Comr. one, come alt ! ?' Hg, come .small ' Comr y,u$, come ohl I md see bargains soll, AT KOOFMANN PHELPS' CKLKBUATEU OLD STAND. We would respectfully call the attention r. ;,.iwi j i.,l .-nvuiMii'is in the. fact that v. e of all ire re- ceiling one of the largest and best assorted . Stocks of Goods tr h f.niiiil iti ihi.-s nl.i.-e. We-intend to do an ex - tensive C ASH BC S 1 N KSS, and are determined to tell our Goods at the viy lowest price?. TllK LADIKS are especially invited to call and examine our Stock, eoa-isting in part of f?ry CmoocIk as follows: Fancy Goods, Trimmings of all kinds, J'.laukets, Clothing and Furnishing Goods, Carpet iugs. Hats au.l Cap., Hardware and Cutlery, IJoois aind Shoes, Roping X lJagj:iJg, Leather. Also large assortment ol Country Merchants who desire to purchase from a select and complete stock, are respectfully invited to inspect our goods, before purchasing elsewhere, believing it can be made to their interest to do so K OOP MANN & PHELPS. December 4, 1SC5. y S'ATKNT MEDICINES, PERFUMERY, &c Orders with remittances promptly executed at Jowest market prices by EBairvil, Stisltw & Toi!i!iIs, Xu 141 Chambers Strut, XJJW YORK, I'mnriotors r, f Ki.-lev's Kit. Hnchu. which is sold for less prices of any other. - i - and is double the size and sttcngth December 4 1S05 6 m IlELIABLE SOUTHERN INSURANCE. The Xational ami Fire Insurant Company of Orleans, Capital 8505,000 'uThe uauergned heir leave to inform the insuring public that tht"v ha ve been legally appointed Agents for the above named Company, -and are now ready to take rL-ks at customary rates. This Company was organized in January, 1S15, d its assets are the most secure in the country. HUTCHISON & SWINGS, Agents, Nov 6, 1SC5 3m Charlotte. Charlotte Foundry & Machiuc Shop, PAI'TI V I! L A K SiOTICE. The public is respectfully informed that I am pre pared to build and repair Steam Engines and tio ' all kinds of Machinery work. Also, make Castings ; in Iibn and !ii?s. I am well-fitted up, and guaran- ' ..tee work to be done as well and as cheap as at any ' ''Shop in the State. , Old castings bought or taken in exchange for work.. J. M. HOWlC, Oct 16, I8'J5 - Ginpd Proprietor PETER MALLETT, General Coniiixlsxion atiU Shipping " lUrrcliant, .23 North Water St., Wilmington, N. C. Gonsicnments of Cotton, Naval Stores, Lumher ind other Produce for Sale or Shipping, respectfully foiicited. Liberal advances made when desired BsS Orders -accompanied with. Cash promptly executed. - Nov 27, 1 6tJ 3. 3m . IJIISSSAfJiIS OF GOV. WORTH. ' r the Honorable the General Assembly, . tif A art It- (Jural in a : i Gentlemen Reing notified - by a dispatch j from the President of the United States, of the i discontinuance of the Provisional Government, Go?. Holden turned over to me on the 28th of December last, the Great Seal of the State and i other State effects in the Capitol, and I entered ! upon the discharge of my duties as Civil Gov ernor. I entertained the opinion, in which I was eus- ! tallied v local er-ntlpmrn whnm T fnnstiltpn : .job - M!,al U"d,cr P1.0 construction of the Gth sec- 1 tlou 1,1 e Ordinance ol the Convention ratified ! on the 18ih day of October last, that the powers of Justices or the Peace and all other officers appointed by the Provisional Governor, were de termined by the discontinuance of the Provis ional Government. This section of the ordinance-is in the following words: "All the acts and deeds of the Provisional Governor of the State appointed by the Presi dent of the United States, and likewise all the acts of any officer or agent by him appoiuted r under his authority, done, or which may be done in pursuance of the authority conferred on such officer or agent," are hereby ratified and de clared to bo valid to all intents and purposes ; Provided nevertheless, that so far as it may be competent for this Convention to declare the same, ail appointments made, and all offices and places created by, or under the authority of the Provisional Governor, shall cease at the close of thp first session of the nest General Assembly, or'at such.ot! '.f:yjne as that Assembly shall di rect successors iii uch appointments or offices to -be chosen or to be qualified, subject, howev er to the provisions of the Revised Code, chapter seventy-seven, section three : Provided, howev er, Hiat in all cases ' of appointments made by him of directors in any corporation, they shall couCinuc until the regular election of its officers.-' Relieving it absolutely necessary, that the General Assembly should be convened at au earlier day than that to which it had adjourned, I summoned the Executive Council to meet here on the third day of this month, when a (juorutu attended, and with their advice, I is sued my proclamation in conformity with which you are now assembled. It may be that a proper construction -of the ordinance referred to, continued in office the thelitis and 'clerks or the courts until the qualifi cation of their successors; but it is clear that the poweis of the Provisional Justices of the Peace, and of municipal officers of corporate, towns ceased with the Provisional Government. Justices of the Pkocc I hear that in some counties there are justices of the peace who were commissioned and quali fied 'before the L'Oth of May 1SGI, and who have not resigned, v. r takeu the oath to support the Constitution of the Confederate States ; and I presume it will be held that-the offices such justices were, not vacated by the ordinance rati fied ll'th October last, entitled "Au ordiuunce deflating acant all the offices of the State in existence on the li(jlh day of-Apvfl 1SG5." 'I ho nnri:ir.tti'.fMt ni' i iwtW'rw of flm r. d. " - "i f "" j - i manus your earliest, attention, it i, a very im portant office, aid great, care should be taken that it be conferred only on intelligent and vir tuous men. Our Constitution has entrusted this duty to the General Assembly, under the idea that the un iits ot the appuiutee would be duly weighed. A practice, however, has long pre vailed, by which the. selection of the justices of each county is in effect made by the representa tives of such Coun'y The nominations made l , ttirtti, .',t-,i iiwir.lU? fi nil at 1 without iiiriiiirir i uj ...v. . , . ."u-. .j as to i lie uiuis ui uiv iij'iniuuw, vi un- uuui- bcr needed in said county- Hence many have ! lu lc J. J . been appointed to effect local or party objects, .. i : . .1 ... r,.",.,. 1 . r. wueteoy many o,aui uuu u u avC uw , inauc justices ot me peace, aim iuc icuoi oi me oftjee beustr uuring trood behaviour, the mischief of a bad appointment is not easily remedied In most of tlie counties there were greatly too many of them. From these causes, the office has lost much of the dignity w hich ought to be long to it. An opportunity is now offered to profit by the errors of the past. The evil, both as to the number and quality of these officers, are so universally felt, that the Convention has under consideration, and will pi bably adopt, at its next session, an amend ment limiting the numbers to be appointed in each county; possibly altering the mode of ap pointment. 1 therefore respectfully recommend that only a very small number be appointed at the present session. 1 hese should be properly utsir.uu.ca over inc. country. . , 1 lU. 1 If it be deemed doubtful whether the provis- ionul Sheriffs and Clerks of the Courts retain thoir nuiboi-ifw until t h a n unli fien i inn r.f i heir rsuccessots. I recotumeud that they be continued ; in office by an act to be passed by you, to enable i tt.r.r,. tn tsxiuYiVv iho iiitia f t h npneo tn bp appointed by you, as well - J .. ff. . . as all other duties ; pertaining to their i faces. ; In some of the counties it will be necessary, that special terms tf the County Court, be held, to qualify the newly elected Clerks and Sheriffs, : to provide jurors for the next courts, and to transact any other county business which they ! may think requires immediate action. 1 further recommend, that so soon as you l. .11 i . . .i r.i. . .4 Mian nave appuiutvu j usiiecs ui iue peace; uuu : passed such acts as you may deem necessary to ! ,je ";v,'LU. a,ul ."u"eu' anu1au i remedy the irregularities to which I have refer- ar,d J-ous militia code adopted, m.der which red, that the Governor be forthwith required to c U1,ht,a rn,aJ .be organized and put in eonai i issue commissions to the Justices appointed, and I t,yu t0 perform its appropriate part in the-gov-: an order, to the sheriffs of 'each county, com- : eminent, Loth Federal and State. mantling" him to notify each of said Justices of . Hanking. his appointment, and requesting tbem to assem-; - he large amoun:. or money wnicn me tum ble at their respective Court Houses at au early ; versify and Roard of Literature have in the two itt tj hp ib'sitruated by the Sheriff, in order to be liualified : on which day, Ihey may if they choose. tnc ppcciai lerin or tne. Vuubty Court A copy of such act or acts, as you may ; Ltnate should be printed and sent to' each of ' iid Justices by the Sheriff at the time of noti - fv L .hem of their anointment, and the Gov- ernor bou Id I be c.npoicd to cmphoy such agen- rr the expeditious transmission of said com- ty iur me tipcuaiuu . . . . . i ,. . missions jinit nrir .'j tne snenns, ana copies oi ;e sheriffs, and conies ot to best, with power to eaid acts as he may dee draw on. the Public Treasurer to pay the ex-. penses. ' . -; j Charter Election. j As elections have probably been held io many j of the incorporated towns, not.in conformity with i their charters, and many acts may have been ; done since 23th December last, or may be de-ne by the late officers and agents of the Provisional government before their successors shall be qualified, I recommend that such elections be declared valid, and such acts declared A3 lawful as they would have been, if done before the dis continuance of the Provisional government. Writs o Election, h ' - ; . Having Tseen notified by the Sheriff of Samp son, that Thomas I. Paison, Senator of this Gen eral Assembly from said county, and a member of the State Convention from said county, de parted this life since your adjournment, I have issued writs of election to said county, appoint ing the 27th day of this month for the holding of an election to fill such vacancies. The 16tt section of chapter 52, Rev. Code, requires the Governor to issue a writ of election to fill a va cancy occurring before the meeting of the Gen eral Assembly. I have had doubt as to my pow er to issuesuch writ to fill a vacancy occurring between the sessions of the same Genetal Assem bly, but I conceive the intent of the statute was that the Governor should exercise his power when the General Assembly, not being in ses sion, could not order tne filling ot the I construe "before" to have reference to the J V4V W it UVUII I . meeting of the Assembly at its next session. I have. also sent a writ of election td the Sheriff of Rcaufurt, to hold an election ou the 80th instant, to fill the vacancy occasioned in the 12th Senatorial district, by the resignation of Edward J. Warren filed in my office on the loth instant. Attorney General. The many embarrassing questions of law grow ing out of the transition from war to peace, and from Provisional to partial Civil Government make it necessary that there should be a legal officer whom the Chief Executive officer of the State, should have a right f consult on doubt ful questions of law perfaimng to their official duties. t has long been the practice to call on j the Attorney ueneral tor such opinions bat we have no law requiring him to give such opin ions, or compensating him for this service. In every othei State of the Union, I believe, the Attorney General is required to reside at the Capitol, find to give written opinions upon such questions of administrative duty as may he sub mitted to him by the Chief Executive Depart ments. It sectna to me that this officer ought to have a fixed salary, and to be required to at tend to all suits and indictments pending in the Supreme Court, and to such important suits in wnloh the State may.be interested, pending in other Courts of the State as the Governor may require, and i hut he should not be required to ride a circuit as prosecuting attorney. I recom mend this matter to your consideration. It cannot be reasonably expected that he can bestow the requisite attention, and take the re sponsibility of writing out opinions, where it is not made his duty, nor a-iy compensation provi- ..... accl Jor tlie service. J apprehend that very ;eat difficulty will arise in applying to many ..ets passed since 20th of May, 1861, the provisions of the ordinance ratified on the 18th October last, declaring what laws and ordinances are in force. This ordi nance declares that surh of said laws are in force as "uere compatible tf'ith the allegiance of the citizens of the State, to the government of the United States, and not since repealed or modf- fied, where the same arc consistent with the (jostitution of the State and cf the United I Stntic " TliJa fl-i1ineinff line tha 1 ill rwt-f o , r,Vn. - . , - , r u - i Tisn tn which I call vnnr snefMnl aifpniinn -- viso to which 'Provided, however, that nothing herein, con prevent the lai,ed- h H be s0 construed ' as to .. : i i ....j ? . i any of said laws and ordinances hereby ratified, j which shall not form a i of the State." part of the Constitution j I think very many of these laws, enacted in reference to the deranged state of the currency, j and adapted to a state of war, which are left in force under this ordinance, ought to be repealed. I recommend that all the laws, passed shortly before and during the war, -be carefully review ed, and such of them or such parts of them re pealed, by a distinct reference to them as shall be deemed unsuited to our present condition, as wll ac tlinca itnnti-iod irifrmtriitiKlr. ivitb r,nr nl. legiance and in corflict with the Constitution of the State and of the United States. Doubts, as to what is, and what is not in force, should be removed as far as nnRsihl. ! r . t j Mditta. i There are many acts passed durins and im- j mediately preceding the war relating to the ; I militia, which, upon their face, may not be un- I constitutional or incompatible with our allejri- 1-1. t L . 1 l- Iliil ; ance, wuicn ougnt now to De repeaieu or moum- j ; ed. j It is to be hoped that the period is not dis ; rant when the U. States will perceive that we i are t:itisfied that we have had enough of war, and that we ate as ready as any people can be, to ; perform all our duties to thj National Govero ' incut. When this shall occur, it is to be hoped i thu civil government will be fully restored to ' us. It is important now that our militia laws i i vj j lp "l l principal Lants, ana the investmeuta i-eiu oy ! our citizeus in all of them, (including very - : .1 A nr. . n -I q f TCnnf many w.uu& au uipnau?,; w. . of a circulating medium, seem to demand I of me , ; some suggestions mi these subjects. I make 1 them with much diffidence, having never been interested in y banking institution, and not r having made the subject a matter of much- con- ; sideration. The United Slates has adopted u.i-n W insm,;.: i sjeu 0 system m uauuuai uhumuij, iuu,i.6 form cuircacy throaShout the .United States. It is our duty to conform to this policy. The fortunes of our capitalists have been swept away. How are we to raise means of establishing na tional banks ' By a proper amendment of the charters of our Ranks and Railroad Conijianies, I hope it may be done. Several -of our Railcoads, in which the State holds large stock, are in a sound condition. Some of them owe little or nothing. ' .The reports of the Ranks, which were pro cured under the orders of the Provisional Gov ernor and have been printed and laid, before you, show, in round numbers, that these banks have little above 800,000 of specie, and that they owe to the holders of their notes and to depositors about 88,500,000, and that there is due to them, for discounts before the war, about $3,000,000 and for discounts since the war, about 3,000,000. Tf the banks are forced to make an assign ment and go into a general liquidation in order to make an equitable pro rata distribution of their assets among all their creditors, (which must be the case if nothing be done by you,) the note holders and depositors would receive about 10 cents in the dollar in specie, and such further dividend as collections from their debt ors mighfenable them to make. Unless money j lecome more abundant in the State, it is mani- I fest, that little can be expected from these col lections. This specie is now locked up, yield ing no benefit to any body. I suggest that, by an amendment to their charters, these Ranks and Railroad companies be allowed to subscribe for stock in a National Rank. With the specie in possession of the Ranks, and resources at tho command of the other corporations, with such subscriptions oji the part of - individuals asmighi be expected, bonds of the United States might be bought to an amount sufficient to form the basis of a National Rank. The dividends declared in favor of the Ranks should be paid over to them, and by them should be paid out, together with, the collections they may make, to their credi tors. ' The benefits proposed by this s'cheme are: 1st. The making of the specie in the Ranks, now lying dormant, produce the interest which would accrue on the United States bonds in which it would be invested. 2nd. The enabling of the solvent debtors to our banks to borrow money from the new bank, and pay oil their notes to the present Ranks, whereby many 'of them would be saved from ruin, and at the same time afford a larger divi dend to the present creditors of the Ranks. 3d. The extension of aid, to our people by supplying a circulating medium so essential to the restoring of their shattered fsi tunes. 4th. The furnishing a safe depository for the funds of the State and individuals. 5th. The securing to tho creditors of the Ranks a much larger diyidend than they will get, if the Ranks be forced into immediate li quidation. 0th. A hope that by good management in some of the Ranks, some of the btoek might be saved to-the stockholders, including the Uni vcrsityCjJnd the Literary Fund. If there be not some insuperable obstacle in the way, which I do not perceive, then this plan offers a reasonable prospect to help a suf fering people, to aid in the revival of prosperity, bring in taxes to the State, help the debtors to the old banks to pay their debts, increase the assets, of jhe same, aud thereby save money to their creditors, furnish a safe fiscal agent to the State and save a portion of the btock, and res cue from rui.j the University ' and Common Schools. In the short time since I entered upon the discharge of my duties, surrounded with the rn uumerable difficulties attending the newly or ganized government, it has been impossible fur me to call for the aid from bankers and skilful financiers,, which their experience would have afforded in projecting the plans best suited to our extraordinary condition; but I have felt it my duty to make such crude suggestions as I hope may be of s;ome service in arriving at just conclusions. . State Debt. My report as lute Public Treasurer submitted to the Convention in October last shows that the bondtd debt of the State, created under acts passed prior to ibe war, is 311,119,500 The estimated amount of unpaid ' ' coupons on these bonds was then 2,500,000 Interest which will accrue on this j debt UP 0 Uct' 1 i 1SGG, 817,000 . - 14,43G,500 To pay the interest on our State .debt, and the other indispensable expenses of the State, she will require at least one million of dollars each year. This would require a tax nearly twice as great as we ever pajd before the war, when our taxable property was worth ahout three times as much as it is now. The war has annihilated, probably, two-thirds of our wealth, In addition to our State taxes, the land tax we are required to pay this year to the Government of the L inted btates, is upwards ot couu,uuu, besides other direct taxes to the United States, the amount of which I have no means of csti- maung. Refore the war we had solvent banks with a capital exceeding w,vw,v. -uu a of about the same amount. J his capital is lost, atid the currency probably worth less than 51, - o00,UUU. - . m : Wre have now almost no banking facilities, and owing to the "presence of devastating armies and the derangement of labor by the emancipa tion of our slaves in the midst of the planting season, we made last year almost uothig4br nmiket. Owinir to these causes, it is manifest interest . on our gtate ebt, would be ruinous to our peo - tuav u v - j u w - q , . - .i 1 x ple anU consequently injurious io our urcuitura. F fn vilW of he lrgeamoant we must con - tribote to the national government, the derange - ment of jabor and tho want of !auk3 8ffording f3cilities to m'eQ of enterprise to employ and pay liberap wages to Jabore?s, evcn J lvidence favor wfth ooJ sea30ts we caa mGc, bopQ . . ti. t. 5 -1- - t0 DC aoie ior someumo to come, io uieui our to be able tor sometime to come, to tneti oar - obligations punctually An.honcst debtor who cannot punctually cash accounts against him, is always willing to give his note. Asjve cannot pay our. bonds-and the coupons now. due and falling due this year, we ought to sell our bonds at par, if we can, to raise the means of payment; or allow our creditors to accept them at par, or make such other arrangements with them as shall seem most "beneficial to them, and least detrimental to us. . Our only resource, other, than taxation, to meet our debt, is stock in our Rail Roads to the amount of ?G,51G,500, and bonds? on certain other Rail Roads (secured by mortgage) with which the State . has exchanged her' ''bonds, to the amount of about 3.000,000. It is supposed that many of the holders of our State bonds would exchange them for a like amounfof these stocks. Far the larger portion of "bur State debt is due to non-residenta of the State. If such exchange were made to the extent of giving the control of ourRoads to non-residents, it might result in oppressive rates of freight or other regulations detrimental to the .State. Properly guarded, I favor such exchange. Another plan suggested, supposed to be ac ceptable to the holders of our bonds, lookingto the furnishing of a currency as well as tuo making of our Stat debt manageable, is the issue of small bonds, payable to bearer and bear ing a low rate of interest, say one per cent, and receivable in payment of all dues to or from tho State. As the credit of these bonds would rest on the faith of the State, as that of the present national currency depends on the faith of the nation; and as fhere would be much demand for- them to pay taxes, and in view of the uncer tainty when the State may be able to resume the payment of interest on her present bonds, the advocates of this scheme believq that the holders of the large bonds would deem it their interest, and would exchange for these smaller bonds, especially, if allowed to take a part of the amount in Rail Road stocks . It is objected to this scheme, that it would violate the provision in the Constitution of the United States, whicfi forbids a State to emit bills of credit. The advocates of this plan in sist thaMt has always been conceded that States might constitutionally issue bonds payable to, bearer, and transferable by delivery, with no re striction as to the amount of the. bond or the rate of interest. I give the' outlines, of this plan, as I understand it, to call attention to it The pressure of other duties has. not allowed me time to give to this and other plans which have been presented, in relation to the payment of the Stato debt and a supply of currency, suf ficient consideration to conduct me to a satisfac tory conclusion, and I,' therefore, abstain from submitting any distinct recommendation as to either. lu presenting the Torcgolng views of our af fairs, I must not be understood as despondent. To overcome our difficulties, it is necessary to faca them, and not to shut our eyes on them We still have large resources. We must rely chiefly an our, virtue, persevering industry and frugality, which are the true sources of national prosperity. We mht attract capital by calling attention to our fertile lards, rich mines of coal, iron, gold, silver and copper, and water power for manufacturing. We must protect and en courage the laborer. Honest industry must be held in esteem, and indolence regarded as dis reputable, and the vagrant punished. Ry these means our Rail Road stocks ' will be made pro ductive, and taxation thus reduced. I need not warn this generation to avoid war, Education. Our University and Public Schools, which the Constitution wisely enjins it on us to sus tain, have felt the blighting effects of war. I herewith submit the report of the able, inde fatigable Superintendent of Public Schools. ; He has discussed the subject so fully, that I need only to commend it to your careful con sideration. During the past five years educa tion has been sadly neglectad. Whatever may be our pecuniary distresses, our youth must be educated. ' We must sustain our institutions of learning. I deem the Swamp Lands the most valuable resou'eo now left to the Doard of Lit erature. They are empowered to sell any part of these lands which may be reclaimed. Large amounts have been expended in their drainage. Ry the report of Gov. Morehead, ag President of th.e Roard of Literature, dated 4th December, 1S44, there had been expended prior. to that date as follows : For Alligator Canal,; SG3,790 59 " Pui-go " : 35,310 55 " Tributaries to Pungo Canal, 23,57G 00 Alligator Canal, 20,688 77 Total, 152,380 81 Little if any of these lands have been sold. The report of surveys made by the Literary Roard, more than twenty years ago, show that there is a million of acres of these lands capable of being reclaimed at small expense. From the j report of Prof. Emmons and others, many of jthemre equal in fertility to any lands in the j world. It is unaccountable why they have been . so long neglected. I recommend an un uirv ; whether any other legislation be necessary to enable the Literarj Roard to make them avail - (aoie. rrom toe nasty examination x u.veuu-i f able to give to the ie suoj.ect,, x inn.. ,iue nw.u , . i . i 1 1 , cannot sen them Deiore oeing rec.awueu i - commend that they be empowered to sell them : before rcclaimin . w - . . Restoration of the Courts. w It is believed that all the Judges of- the Su- j preme and Superior Courts, elected at your late session, nave quaitueu, anu mitu juu siiau uavc nnnmntf.rl .Tn.iii.1 tho. Pace. and the Countv Courts are restored, the machinery of civil gov- ernmsnt will be about complete. It is hizh r time. Crime- particularly larceny is too com - long want of any power to et force rtjfin nff-l I a I An f uranf rl sinv TiCiVCfrT , , ; the performance of any species of contract, has h.d f most pernicio effect on the public morale and the welfare of the State. , v. , -, I As our laws make the . testimony of a negro competent in all plea, of the State where the defendant may be a negro, I am informed -by t tlA M t-r Pnm mmUnt of . the State, if t he : : . . ' . lu "1W,J vuu.... 1 fnnishrnent -presenbed- by law for the offence with which, the defendant i hartred. ha the same whether the defendant be a white roan 6r a blask, there will be no interference with our criminal Courts. I hope, after you shall have reformed our laws relating "to freed men, tho jurisdiction of our Courts will be fully restored; but the Courts will be comparatively inefficient while the act passed in 1861 shall remain lb force, entitled, "An Act to change the jurisdic-' tion of the Courts and the rules of' pleading thereon." I recommend that this act bo re pealed; and that vyou pass a Stay Law for tha benefit of debtors, if you can devise a Constita tional mode of effecting the object. " - Agricultural College. ' ' Ry act of Congress ratified July 2, 1SG2, ar amount of public land was devoted to each Stato equal to -thirty thousand acres for each Senator, aud Representative in Congress, the proceeds of, the salt of which are to be invested lor the en dowment-, support and maintenance of at least one college, where the leading object shall . be, without excluding other scientific and classic . oiuuigo, auu lutiuuiu" Luiiiiuiy melius, vu icuv.il such branches of learning as are related to agri-, .culture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the Legislatures of the States may prescribe,, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life. i-.' i The conditions of the grant' are nonsuch im my judgment as frhould prevent its acoeptifnoo by the General Assembly; as the objects to bo accomplished are of the highesr importance, I respectfully recommend that acceptance of tho same be signified at an early moment.. Ry an amendment to the act, approved on tho 14th of April, 18G4, the ; tiuielimi'.ed for tho acceptance of the donation will expire on tho 14th nf Amii isnr. - -.'-'- Ereedmati's Bureau, , , The condition of society produce'd by tho sud den emancipation of the black race, in numbers over one-third ot the entire . population of tho State, and the cxemptiongf this class, from tho operation of'our laws", civil and criminal, except as administered by a military tribunal, iusaituted -by the Government of the United States; and also claiming and exercising jurisdiction over -all white citizens in matters criminal ani -civile wherever blacks may be coucerned, is at once anomalous and inconsistent with the ancient constitutional authority of. tho fcevcral State. This tribunal, known as the Rureau oi Freed men, was established during the late unhappy war for "the supervision and management of all abandoned lands, and the control of all subjects relating to refugees and frccdmen from rebel States or from an v district of country within tha 4 .' operations of the army, under such rules and regulations as might be prescribed by the head' of the Rureau, 8tid approved by the President," uuu vvaa uueeie j hi uoiuuiuu uuiiug inp war of the rebellion, aud for one year thereafter.". Its authority is derived from that chuse of the Constitution which authorizes L'ongrcs "to adopt measures to t-upprcss insurrection," and ceases when that end frhall have been attained. It wa9 obviously designed to be temporary io duration, and its con tin trance after the -designated period could only be justified on the pica of affording necessary protection to frecdmen in their novel situation, until . proper, provision " shall be made for this object by the State Gov ernment. ' The extinguishment of slavery by an ordi nance of the Convention . of this. State, tho s4 in I ..I a n a A tl ft t it r Ii a i fi r i X r Irin T Miicla tureofan amendment to the 'Constitution of the United States to the same effect,' aod the general acquiescence of the people, should re- move all apprehension of any endeavor to re-es tablish it, or to treat with oppression or injus tice the liberated African The imputation of such purpose to the State, would be alike un just to her plighted faith and uniform charac ter. Such rights as were accorded to the frco i i . l v r i: i it colored people oi norm iarouua, nuu.mej were neither meagre nor unimportant) , were" ever most scrupulously observed ami maintained. For ages, it has been a capital and most igtlo minious offence to kidnap, or deport,' or Vt en deavor toenslave a person of African descent ..- V, frtn Vhlr(lir fIM llfld IV nuu woo aiw. ii . . , - - - - laid claim to freedom, he could find-counsel td'' investigate his cause, and, if well founded, to maintain it; and judges, who . subjected he op posing party to sucn rujes as secured a lair ana impartial trial. In all criminal accusations tried by jury, he was allowed tho rights of chal- lenge and other safeguards oi mo common jaw. Property was acquircJ and held by them. with all the privileges of transfer, dcvicr and de- , I cent; and courts of justice were open to their j complaints with all the modes of relief to pfop j erty or - persons that wero allowable to "white men by the mere fact of emancipation. . To secure him still further, in his privileges as well as to protect; society in two eiruuen uuu violent change effected by this measure, a com-' mission' was organized under an ordinance of ! , 1 i , mm Al t 4 k vr.tttanr AliP n .1 a MK?r J t 14 V vm v w j w - - " , this race, and consider and propose each amend- . . V , ,1 h.. l ; J U Whether all tho regulations desired to ; J qV in ?icw. Jre to U 8ttaioed , :.k . mnf r.f thn oo.titutmn. and niuuu ... - .- - j , whether the labors of the couimiss.ion -may not . rtiany delayed until the coming session of vt .T -'. -c . T. .l. .ni:,Tj, 1 I H 'J I. I II II. V 1 LU IIUII V wm. eoed labors of this commission, when their re . . . J . . f ' , f . port shall be received, I need- not solicit your attention'. . . . , , , . "' ! . While social equaaty wun tne vuiiCB c.irnicn in the United States. tint. i pcmiu -- --- - t withstanding preten'ced to the contrary in soma i quarters, and among some persons,) is not to bo expected, uor la iue ciecuve irauunine, j. ui ; folly warranted in saying there is no disposition to deny them any of the ecntul rights of oivil 1 rrlrt-fftf n thi Rrato l)n tfift Mn. ; or; f" 7 J" Ztl Jj Z it that reUraioiog S , d,,Pensiolo to Fnr paupe sm TWy ; ldcoes phase which n?"' is linnortao t to t he fifttety, peaco anu weuare of rr.-.i . j 7 V,, 1 ; - . j v:Mn,t Pane 1 ! . IContmvea on zecona u ayy