Newspapers / The Charlotte Democrat (Charlotte, … / Dec. 10, 1867, edition 1 / Page 2
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"... y 1 . ' . ? n II ,: ill i. 53 i -1- i. V. i 1 ,.t Hi ' . 1 m in i it 5 " v PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE TO THE FORTIETH CONGRESS. Eeprutiv- TeiioiL'Cil'atM. of the Senate and ET&ust cf 4ai&.ct: -?fee continued diaorganixation of the Union, to which the President hat so often called the attention ef Congress, is jet a subject of profound and patriotic concern. We may, however, find some relief from that anxiety in the reflection that the painful political eiuuuioa, -aalUiough-before -uatried-by uriMtv, i nolhcwTnUie experience -ot ' nations. Political sciejicet perhaps as high, perfected in pur. own. time and. country" us. in any ..other, -has. not .yet-disclosed any means by which civil wars can be absolutely prevented.. An enlightened nation, however, with a wise, and beneficent Constitution of free government, ma diminUh1 their frequency and mitigate -their severity by directing all its proceedings in accordance "with its fundamental law. r. -XYhen a civil war has been brought to a close, it is manifestly the first interest and duty .of the -Slate to Vepalr tjte injuries which the war 'has inflicted,, and a a l. . e i . i a i ii and SB speedily as possible. This duty was, upon the 'termination of the rebellion, promptly accepted, not only -by the executive Department, but by the fnar-a-ectionary States themselves, and restoration, in -the first moment of peace, was believed to.be as easy .and certain as it was indispensable. The .expectations, however, then so reasonably and confidently cnter 'tained, were disappointed by legislation from which I felt constrained, by my obligations io the' Constitu tion,, to withhold my assent. . , Jt is therefore a source of profound regret that, in bmpl ing with the obligation imposed upon the Pres ident' by the Constitution, to give to Congress from time to time information of the State of the Union, I fitn unabfo to communicate any definite adjustment, Satisfactory to J bo American people, of the questions .which, since the close of the rebellion, have agitated the public wind On the contrary, candor compels ne to declare that at tins time there is no Union as our fathers understood the term, .and as they mean H to be understood by as. "The Union which they established can exist only where aU tif States are represented in both Houses ef Cengress; where one State id a? free as another to regulate its internal concerns according to its own will; and where the la ws Of the central Government, strictly confined to '.matters 'of national jurisdiction, apply with ejual tfsreo to all the people of every section Thut such is "not the present "state of the Union'' is a melancholy . fact; and we all must acknowledge that the restora- 1 r. ..... - non oi tnc states to tlicir proper legal relation.- with the Federal Government and with one another, accor ing Jotjje terms of the original compact, would be he greatest temporal blessing which God, in his kindest providence, culd bestow upon this nation It becomes our imperative iuty' to consider whether or not it is impossible to effect this most desirable consummation. . The Union and the Constitution are inseparable. As long as one' is obeyed by all parties, the other yiU be preserved, and if one is destroyed both must perish together. The destruction . of the Constitution ' will be followed by other and still greater calamities. It was ordained not only to for.ni a more perfect Union between the States, but to "establish justice, . insure domestic tranquility, provide, for the common 'ofcncc; .prwtote the general welfare, and secure the blessings, of liberty to ourselves and our posterity." Aptbuyj but implicit obedience to its requirements in jail parts of the country will accomplish these great ends. Without that obedience we can look forward only to continued outrages upon individual rights, incesfant breaches of the public peace, national weaklier, financial dishonor, the total loss of our prosperity, the general corruption of moral., and the extinction of popular freedom. To save our country frn .ej-il ho appaling as these, we should frenew our efforts giu and again. Tome the process at restoration Necnia perf.ctly filaiu and simpjo. It consists merely in a faithful application of the Constitution and law s. The exe cution of the Jaws is not now obstructed or opposed by physical force. There is no military or other necessity, eal or pretended, which can prevent obe djsce to the Constitution, either North or South. ! Alt tnc nglits i nd all the obligations of States and individuals can be protected and enforced by means perfectly consistent with the fundamental law. The courts may be everywhere open, and if open, their process would be unimpeded. Crimes against the United States can be prevented or punished by the proper judicial authorities, in a manner cntirelV " jfa?icahle and legal. There is, therefore, no reason why the Constitution should not be obeyed, unless those who exercise its powers have determined that it shall be disregarded and violated. The mere naked will of this Government, or of some one or nior.c.of its branches, is the only obstacle that can exist to a perfect union of all the States. .On this momentous question, and some of the measures growing out of it, I have had the misfortune to differ from Congress, and have expressed my con nctionj without reserve, though with becoming deference to the opinion of the Legislative Depart raent. Those convictions are not only unchanged, but strengthened by subsequent events anil further reflection. The transcendent importance of the sub ject will be a Bufficicut excuse for calling your atten tion to some of the reasons which have so strongly influenced my own judgment. The hope that we may all finally concur in a mode of settlement, consistent atM ith our true interests and with our sworn duties to the Constitution, is too natural and too just io be easily relinquished. It is clear to my apprehension that the States j lately in rebellion are still members of the National Lmon. When did they cease to be so? The "ordi nances of secession. adopted h n rr.win ; . of them a very small portion) of their citiicns, were mere nullities. If we admit now that they were valid .effual for the purpose intended by their au .Vffifd, ye sweep from under our feet the whole ground upon whwh we justified the war. Were those States atterwards expelled from the Union by the war The direct contrary was averred by this Government to be its purpose, and was so understood by all those jvho gave their blood and treasure to aid in its prose cution. It cannot be that a successful war, waged for the preservation of the Union, had the legal ef fect of dissolving it. The victory of the nation s arras was not the disgrace of her policy ; the defeat ; of secession on the battle-field was not the triumph of .b ,lwto9 principle. Nor could Congress, with or without the consent of the Executive, do anything which would have the effect, directly or indirectly of separating the States from eanli nth- t th Lmon is to repeal the Constitution which holds it together, and that is a power which does not belong o any Department of this Government, or to all of .them united. 'Thia ii i g0 plain that it has been acknowledged by all branches of the Federal Government. The Exec utive (my predecessor as well as myself) and the fccads of all the Departments have uniformly acted upon the principle that the Union is not only undis solved, but indissoluble. Congress submitted an amendment of the Constitution to be ratified by the Southern States, and accepted their acts ef ratifica tion as a necessary and lawful exercise of their highest function. If they were not States, or were States out of the Union, thui -u the fundamental law of the Union would have been nugatory, and Congress, in asking it, committed a political absurdity. The Judiciary has also given th solemn sanction of it authority to the same viev , aX' Jhe udC9 of the SPrne Court have included the Southern State in their circuits, and ?e7 ""constantly, in tune aud elsewhere, exercisin- !II?f!,, 'Wl,i? dw,ino1 belong to them, unless those States are States of the Union. r'iwL'? SUtv8 re exponent parts of the Loia, 0 restitution is the supremo lair for them? m it w for all the other States. 9 They are boundTo GovJerL?nl whVh Tht T''ht ot th Government . which is clear and unquestionable, to enforce the Constitution upon them, implies the cor relative obligation on our part to observe its limita tions and execute its guaranties. Without the Con stitution we are nothing; by, through, and under the Constitution we are what it makes us. We may doubt the wjsdom of the law, we may not approve of it provisions, bet we cannot violate it merely because it aeems to confine our powers wfthin limits narrower than W9 could wish. It is not a question of individ ual, or class, or sectional interest, much less of party j predominance: but of drrtv if T -VlhlCh We Alft Mil morn Ia nvfAnti T7 support the Constitution with thu cheerful aUcritv of V 1 lit . . . r w v auu octicve in it, yre must give to it at least the fidelity of public servants who aei under 'solemii obligations and commands which they dare pot diWgardV The . constitutional duty is the only one whicfrrequires the States to be restored. - There ls'aaotneT consideration which, thou rh of minor im- portanee, i je of great weight. Qn the 224 day of mom vote of both Ilouses, that the war should be conducted solely for the purpose of preserving the Union, and maintaining the supremacy of the Federal Constitution and laws. .without impairing thetugsity, equality, and' rights of the States or ef individuals and that when this was done the war should cease. I do not say that this declaration Is' personally bind ing en those who joined in making iWany xuore than individual members of Congress are personally bound to pay a public debt created under a law for which thev votd. Rut it was a' solemn, nublie. official jpledge. xtf the naticalrfepcTi'iBd rJ jcsnBotHtnagmc upon w usi juunus mc rrpuuinwu ui it is io uc justified, If it be said thst'-we are not bound te keep ikiiu-wHii re ceis, ik uo rssieiuoereu, inai iuis promise .was not made to rebels only. Thousands of traajiua In . ill a fiAiiiK .icjti-A .jnfkJMrn . iAABuliiulMl by it, and hundreds of thou pan ds in the North gave their lives in the-bclief -tbaf it wotfld be carried out. It was made on the day fter tthe ,ftt great battle of the war had hern fought and lost. All Tuitrintit; and intelligent men then saw the necessity f giving such an -assurance, and believed that without it the wajr m Aitiil nr1 in HiHitpr In r eanui. Ilariiiir eiTftn 1 lirtf awiimnrp in th rxtrfmitv nf mi. wvnril th Tinlntirtn nf ?t nmr in t lie flmr nf ntir nnirvr vruilil ie a rude rending of that goou faith which holds the .morsi weriu fogetner: our .oouniry wauiucease w have any claim upon the oowfidenceof mea.; it wuld make. the war not only a failure, but a fraud. Being sincerely, convinced that these yieve are correct, I would be unfaithful to my duty if f did not recommend the repeal -of the acts of Congress -which place ten of the Southern States .under i he domina tion of military masters. If calm reflect ion hall-eat-ii-fy a majority of your honorable bodies that the acts referred to are not only a violation of the national faith, but in direct conflict with the Constitution, I dare not permit myself to doubt that you wiH imme diately strike them from the statute book. To demonstrate the unconstitutional character of those acts, I need do no more than refer to their gen eral provisions. It must be seen at once that they are not authorized. To dictate what alterations shall be made in the Constitutions of the several State ; to control the elections of State, legislators and State officers, members of Congress and electors of Presi dent and Vice-President, by arbitrarily declaring who shall vote and who shall be excluded from that privi lege; to dissolve State Legislatures or prevent them kjsa ,ipc1intf irk i7iami 3mlrra nnrt ntlir ivi1 &Hoiio&airicrff the State, and appoint others without regard to &te law; to organize and operate all the political machinery of the States; to regulate the whole administration of their domestic and local affairs according to the mere will of stranec and irre sponsible agents, sent among them for that purpose these are powers not .gratited to the Federal Gov crnment, or to jaoy one of its braaeiLCx. Not being Granted, we violate our trust l- ossuiuia-ar them as Cl palpably as re would by acting in the face of a posi tive interdict; for the Constitution forbids us to do whatever it ooes not ararmatively authorize either by exnress words or HM.iimrlir?itinn- - TF tlie nntlinr- ity we desire to use does rvd come to us th-nojigh the C onstitution, we can exercise it only by usurpation; ud usurpation is the most dangerous of political crimes. By that crime the enemies of free govern- meni in au ages nave worKcu out tueir designs against public liberty and private rieht. It loads directly and immediately to the establishment ,of absolute rule; for undelegated power is always unlimited and unrestrained. The acts of Con cress in rmestinn nrr not nnlv nVi- jectionable fvr their assumption of ungranted power, uiu many oi tueir provisions are in conmct with the direct prohibitions of the Constitution. The Consti tution commands that a republican form of govern ment shall be guaranteed to all the Stats; that no person .shall be deprived jef life,' liberty, or property, without due unoeeis xf law. arrested without a in.li- ial:wavrant, or puaished without a. fair trial before I .i ; . i . ., ., rt an imparl km jury ; inai lue privilege 01 habeas corpus shall not be denied in time of peace; and that no bill of attainder shall be passed even against a single in dividual. Yet thesvstemof measures established hv these acts of Congress does t otally subvert and dest roy lt. ,1 .1 . . ... me lorm us wen as tne suDstance ot republican gov ernment in the ten States to which thev arDlv. It binds them hand and foot in absolute slavery, and suojecis mem to a strange and hostile power, more unlimited and more likely to be abused than any other now known among civilized men. It tramples down all those rights iu which the essence of liberty consists, and which a free government is always most cartful to protect. It denies the habeas corpus and the trial by jury. Personal freedom, property, and life, if assailed by the passion, prejudice, or the rapacity of the ruler, have no security whatever. It has the effect of a bill of attainderor bill of pains and penalties, not upon a few individuals, but upon whole masses, including the millions who inhabit the subjected States, and even their unborn children. These wrongs, being expressly forbidden, cannot be constitutionally inflicted upon any portion of our people, no matter how they may have come within our jurisdiction, and no matter whether they live in States, Territories, or Districts. I have no desire to save from the nrnnor nrl ?n ! consequences of their great crime those who engaged in rebellion against the Government ; but as a mode of punishment the men sure unW .;.!, its.,, .. the most unreasonable that could be invented. Many would feeoBe grajre question whether we ought to uoro.er wanner common numami v would not wnnir mtoisre them rom themselves But. under the circumstances, this is only a speculative point i lt is not proposed merely ' that they shall govern them selves, but that they shall rule the white race, make ww aununisier otaie laws, elect r residents ana mem- ners oi tjongress ana shape to a greater -r lss ex tent the futuredestiny of the whole country Would such a trust and power be safe in such hands? The peculiar qualities which should characterize Bny:yjeopie:wnaLarc Zu lu decide , nyon the manage ment of Public affasrs for a mt Sitc ha.v BoMon. been coaubinedr f liar tlie glory of sthii-e isem La muwn iwjiiyjwu wwxjnwum mi iuuic:em Mea sure to build UTMin thia continent a. ,ml s D fvuuvftl fabric, and to preserve its tbilityfor more-than nineiy years, wmie in every other part or ibe world all similar exneriments have failed: Hut if mrii,,'.. can be proved by known fads if aR reasoalng up on riiucuce is not aDanuonea, ii must be acknowl edged that in the Droereas of nations nerma shown less capacity for government than any other rac oi pcopie. so inaepenaent government of any lorm iias ever seen sucecssiui in their hands. On the contrary, wherever Jhey bars been left to their own devices, they have" shown a constant tendency to relapse into barbarism. In the Southern States however, Congress has undertaken to confer upon them the privilege of the ballot. Just released from slaveiy, it may be doubted whether, us a class, they know mure than their ancestors how to omn! an.i regulate civil society. Indeed, it is admitted that me Diaeks or the bouth are not only regardless of the Tights of property,, but so utterly ignorant of public affairs that their voting can consist in nnf.;nn more iiran carrvhiff a ballot tn th nine-. wii .. . ace directed to deposit it. I need not remind you tuat me exercise of the elective franchise is the highest attribute of an American citizen, and that, when guided by virtue, intelligence. na.trtot;m n.i a proper appreciation of our free institutions it in stitutes the true basis of a democratic form of gov ernment, in whieh the sovereign power is lodged in the body of the people. A trust aiti&eiaTlr ereaid not for its own sake, but solely as a means for pro moting the general welfare, its in&ueuee for food must necessarily depend upon the elevated character and true allegiance of the elector. . It nnvht tho ! fore to be reposed in none except those who are fitted morally and mcntallv to administer it noil. r,. ir conferred uMin persons who .do not justly estimate its value and who are indifferent as to its results, it will only serve as a means of placing power in the hands of the unprincipled and ambitious, and must eventuate in the complete destruction of that liberty of which it should be the most powerful conservator. I have therefore heretofore urged upon your atten tion the great danger "to be apprehended from an untimely exteusion of the elective franchise to any new class in our country, especially when the large majority of that class, in wielding the power thus placed iu their hands, cannot be expected correctly to comprehend the duties and responsibilities which pertain to suffrage. Yesterday, as it were, four mil lions of persons were held in a condition of slavery that had existed for generations ; to-day they are freemen and are assumed by law to be citizens. It cannot be presumed, from their previous condition of servitude, that, as a class, they arc as well informed as to the nature of our Government as the intelligent foreigner who makes our laud the home ot'his choice. In the case of the latter, neither n tmLImim nf fim J m m.m-s -J V V J years, and the knowledge of our institutions which it 6','"'. uor aiiacunicni to the principles of the Con stitution, are the only conditions upon which he can be admitted to citizenship. He must prove, in addi tion, a good moral character, and thus give reason able ground for the belief that he will be faithful to the obligations which he, assumes as a citizen of the llepublic. Where a nooirie th snnw.nf ail cal power speak, by their suffrages, through the lnsti umentalitv-of th hnllnt.hn guarded against the control of those who are corrupt in principle and enemies of free institutions, for it can only become to our political and social system a safe conductor of healthy popular sentiment when kept free from demoralizincr intfnonww r..v,i - e . .. VVUI1UUCU, through fraud and usurpation, hv tlm arcny and despotism must inevitably follow. In the " ."rr L"c Piriouc ana worthy, our Government will be preserved ucon th nrinilna r.f ti... no; tution inherited from m fatli lore, that iu admitUng to the balloUbox a new class of voters not qualified for the exercise of the elective franchise, we weaken our system of government, in stead of adding to its streno-th nA : ln,i.;i;in 4t yield to no one in attachment to that rule of general ..go WU1(:J1 uisnnguishes our policy as a nation, but there is a limit, wisolv nha.rv,.i .v. . r -J vvmuuiwiuiu, TT ill V li makes the ballot a privilege and a trust, and which requires of some cl - '--- wwiu ivi UlVUilllUll and preparation. To give it indiscriminately to a newt-lass, wholly unprepared, by previous habits and opportunities, to nprfnrm ih k:k j ... ' x " - uoi. n uitu XI. vtc mands, is to degrade it, and finally to destroy its power; .-j uc Ptttujr assuniwt mat no political truth 1 Ki-ttlM. rvof ..l.l:.l....l .X. il i T . ..omunoutu tuuu mill KUtll llMllor-nminato impulse of passion And interest If we repudiate the, Constitution, ,4vexrim not be expected to care much for mere jteoisiary obligations. Tie violation of such a pledge as we made on the 22A Sa x- nf Jn1 1881, will assuredly diminish the market value of our o.uer yrfcuiyia. xesiues, u we now acknowledge that LhO nauoaai xebt was eratd . not hnl.l th States in the Union, as the tax-payer were led to - a . w . v a . . - - suppose, oui uj expei um irom it and hand them over to be governed by negroes, the moral duty to pay it may seem auch less clear. I say it may seem so; . lor i ao not . aamii mat uus or any other argu ment in favor of renudiation can he ntrtinwl aa sound; 'but its influence on some classes 'nf minds caay weu oe apprenenaea. The Bnaneial honor of a great commercial nation, largely indebted, and with republican form f -government administered by ageuis w ine popular cnoice, is a uung or such deli cate texture, and the destruction of it would be fol lowed by such unspeakable calamity, that every true patriot must desire to avoid whatever lnip-ht exnnsn it to the slightest danger. J " . The great interests of the eountrv reonir imme diate relief from these enactments.' Business in the South is paralysed by a sense of general insecurity, by the terror of confiscation, and the dread of negro supremacy. . The Southern trade, from which the North would have derived so great a profit under a government of law. Still lanoniishM. and n novirr be revived jaatil it ceases to be fettered by the ar bitrary power which makes all its operations unsafe. That rich couatrV the richest in natural rtv.wc-a the world ever saw is worse than lost if it be not soon placed under the protection of a free Constitu-" tion. Instead of bein?. m it mirht. In )w a nnn oi wealth and power, . it will become an intolerable Duracn upon tne rest oi tne nation. - A IlOLiier reason tor retranntr nnr etona will less be seen bv Coneress in tht latp. manifstatlnna nf puouc opinion upon iuis suojec'. v e live in a couutry where the popular will always enforce obedience to itSflf. sooner nr labr. . It i Vuln tn tliinL- . .T unmtuini. : . . 1 1 . ., . . wuu anyiuing snoix oi ifgai autbonty. bai krd by over whelming force. It cannot ftave escaped your attention tbatihiaa tbedav presented the proposttiou to govern the Southern States tw an i 1 TA . . ' . .1 1 . . a i . "j "iwaijr iuicc. wnu a ykw tu iu ultimate esiaDiish ment of nearro snnremacv- ererr exnression nf ihw non. eral sentiment 1ms been matp or less ad v.-rse tn it Tho affections of this cuttiou cannoi be detached from tllrt illlLltJilltiAno rf .1...... onnuMnr. Tl,u5. ,1....: to preserve the inheritance of free government in their ... i. y . . . sP . ou iiaoas, anu transmit it undivided and unimpaired w tueir own posu-nty, is too strong to be successfully opposed. Eveiy weaker passiou will disappear before uotrty auu law ior wnicn ine American Teople are distinguished above all others in the world. liow far the duty of the President "to preserve, pro tect and defend the Constitution," requires him to go in opposing an unconstitutional act of Congress, is a very serious and important question, on which I have de liberated much, and felt extremely anxious to reach a proper conclusion. Where an act has been passed ac cording to the forms of the Constitution by the supreme legislative authority, and is regularly enrolled among the public statutes of the country. Executive resistance V f io A T 7 v- uay oi j j.uiu.-tti.. wtausiTij iueir own, under whielr vi.o. July, mi. Congress declared, by an ulmept anaail might manage iheir Pw?k affaij is Iheir own iay, it or those people are perfectly iniujsent; many kept llinif ta.la.!:!..,. It - r?! . a. .. . 1 vtiij io iue v.nionumauucdtotheiat; many were incapable of any legal offense; a Urge propor tion even of the persons able to bear arms were forced into rebellion against their will; and of those who arc guilty with their own consent, the degrees of guilt are as various as the shades of their character and temper. F.ut these acts of Congress confound them nil together in one common doom. Indiscriminate vengeance upon all classes, sects, and parties, or upon whole communities, lor offences committed by a portion of them against the government to which they owed obedience, was common in the barbarous ages of the world. Hut Christianity and civilization have made such progress that recourse to a punish ment so cruel and unjust would meet with the con demnation of all unprejudiced and right-minded men. The punitive justice of this age, and especially of this country, does not consist in stripping whole States of their liberties, and reducing all their people, without distinction, to the condition of slavery. It deal separately with each individual, confines itself to the forms of law, and vindicates its on purity by an impartial exjimination of every case before a com petent judicial tribuual. If this does not satisfy all our desires with retard tn R.tu console ourselves by reflecting that a free Constitu tion triumphant in war and unbroken in neace is worth tar more to us and our children than the grat lncation of any present feeling. I am aware it is assumed that this system of gov ernment for the Southern States is not to be per pe ual. It is true this military government is to be only provisional, but it is through this temporary evil that a great evil is to be made perpetual If the guarantees of the Constitution can be broken pro visionRlly to serye a temporary purpose, and ins Tart only of the country, we can destroy them every where and for nil l-v:. J --ry . - " . Miliary measures olten change, but they generally change for the worse It The intermitted exercise of its power brings no sense of ueem itv to it ..v:-i. B " sense 1. J uujw ior t n ey can never know right hand is armed to plague them again.' Nor is it possible to conjecture how or wherer, unre strained by law may seek its next victim. The States that are still free may be enslaved at any mo? ment; for if the Constitution does not protect all, it It is manifestly and avowedly the object of these la ws to confer upon negroes the privilege of voting, and to disfraiwrh.se snch a number of white citizens as will give the former a clear majority at all elec tions the Southern States. This, to the minds of some persons, is so important, that a violation of the aiT! iX" 18 Ju,snfieU of bringing it fenl K roo.rallty false "bich excuses a 7 aV- o accomplish a desirable end. We are not permitted to do evil that come. But in this casethA itoir ; :? . . f. - - .-v ..... tuojugation or the states to negro domination would be worse than the military dJL tism under which they are now suffering. It was tcl rSw ? m!i,Uryj0l'JP"n, for spy length of lime! V by s7ubjcSion to the a A.A w-- '"r i ftcx jys nccu.left without fVn SfK? 1?? asestabUshed by act of C-ongreMi , and the pilitary officTr were coiamanded !f ST1?.? VT Nothing the negrace ? f. 'Hl Rnjileges torn from white Tlielacks i the South are entitled to be well and humanely 'governed, and to have the protect ianZ just laws fo? all their rfghts of JefSon P7ortf If it were Practicable atrthis'tinto t ; .vfL V ernmcnt. exclusively atheif owta, under which fhev . w iuuivi iiuiuai c ana all-embracing extension of popular suffrage must end at last in its overthrow and destruction." i lepeat the expression of my willingness to join in any plan within the scope of our constitutional au thority which promises to better the condition of the negroes in the South, by encouraging them in indus try, enlightening their minds, improving their morals, and giving protection to all their rights as freedmen. liut the transfer of our political inheritance to them would, m my opinion, be an abandonment of a duty we owe alike to the memory of our fathers and the rights of our children. The plan of putting the Southern States wholly and the General Government partially, into the hands of negroes, is proposed at a time peculiarly unpropi- tlOUS. TllA f,lllTwl..:a, - C . 1 , . J . - .,IV1UU. ui someiy nave De-en broken up by civil war. Industry must be reorganized, jus tice re-established, public credit maintained, and or der brought out of confusion. To accomplish these ends wnuiri .... a. , . r ., .V.JU1H, an me wisaom ana virtue of the great men who formed our institutions originally. I confidently believe that their descendants will be equal to the arduous task before them, but it is worse than madness to expect that the negroes will per form it for us. Certainly we ought not to ask their assistance until w despair of our own competency. the great difference between the two races in phy sical, mental, .and moral characteristics will prevent an amalgamation or fusion of them together in one homogeneous mass. If the inferior obtains the as cendancy over the other, it will govern with refer- " nueresis ior it will recognize no common interest and create such a tyranny as this continent has never yet witnessed. Already the negroes are influenced by promises of confiscation and plunder. They are taught to regard as an ene my every white man who has any respect for the rights or his own race If this continues, it must became worse and worse, until all order will be subverted, all industry cease, and the fertile fields of the South 6. u,. ilo a wuaernesa. Of a'd the dangers which our nation has yet encountered, none are equal to u rveuii, irom the success of the ef fort now making to Africanize the half of our coun- I would not put considerations of money in compe tition with justice and right. Hut the expenses in cident to "reconstruction" under the system adopted by Congress aggravate what 1 regard as the intrinsic wrong of t he measure itself. It has cost uncounted millions already, and if tersisti.rl ;n .:n ..i 1 , . w . i in ouu largely to the weight of taxation, already too oppressive to be borne without just complaint, and may finally re duce the Treasury of the nation to a condition of m.iu.i upicy. n e must not delude ourselves It will require a strong standing army, and probably more than two hundred millions of dollars per annum, to maintain the supremay of negro governments after they are established. The sum thus thrown, away would, if properly used, form a lnlr.. r.,,.,1 enough to pay the whole national debt in less than ntteen years, j It is in vain to hope that negroes will maintain their ascendency themselves. - Without .uwitary power mey are wholly incapable of holding in subjection the white people of the South. I submit to the judgment of Congress whether the public credit may not be injuriously affected by a system r measure like this.- With our debt, and vast Irivate interests which re complicated with it we cannot be too cautious nf . nAhfttr trhinh a.:l.A 1 ... . . . asanas uuruk VY possibility, impair the confidence of the world in our Government. That confidence can only be retained by carefully inculcating the principles of justice and honor on he popular mind, and by the most scrupu lous fideEty to all our-engagements of every sort. Any serious breach of- the organ law,-persisted in ?r onderable time, cannot but create- fears for the stability ofour institutions. ' I Habitual violation of prescribed -rules, wnik m- x. , serve. Quit uemoraliza . i - . - . . - rvuw-. - vux gait : Stall- dard of civU duty being set at naught, the sheet-an- Chor nf mil nititioal li- ; . , . .a . .. . : jr . W aitww, i no puhii'T con- acienct? w ings frem its poorings, and yields t every " to it, especiallyin times of high party excitemeut, would be likely to iritln' vinK-nt .i.n.aiiTi l...tu-....r- v mf a . V tijir Aai w m v. a, u UV . w specuve adherents of the two branches of the Govern ment. This would be simply a civil war; and civil war must be resorted to only as the last remedy for the worst of evils. Whatever might tend to provoke it should be most carefully avoided. A faithful aud con scientious Magistrate will concede very much to honest error, and something even to perverse malice, before he will endanger the public peace; and he will not adopt lorcible measures, or such as might lead to force, as long as those which are peaceable remain open to him or to his constituents. It is true that cases may occur iu whieh the Executive would be ; compelled to stand on its rights, and maintain them, regardless of all consequences. If Congress should pass an act which is not only in palpable conflict with the Constitution, but will certaiuly, if carried out, produce immediate and irreparable iujury to iho organic structure of the Gov ernment, and if there be neither judicial remedy for the wrongs it inflicts, nor power iu the people to protect themselves without the official aid of their elected de fender; if, for iustance. the Legislative Department should pass an act even through all the forms of law to abolish a co-ordinate department of the Government in ?uc.h a case tte Presidi-nt must take the high respon sibilities ot hia office, and save the life of the nation at all hazards. The so-called reconstruction acts, though as plainly unconstitutional as any that can be imagined, were not believed to be within the class last iheutioned. The peoDle self-d. fence. Iu all the Northern States they still held in their hands the sacred right of the ballot, aud it was safe to believe that in due time they would come to the rescue of their own institutions. It gives ine pleasure to add that the appeal to onr common constituents was not taken in vain, and that my confidence in their wis dom and virtue seems not to have been misplaced. ii- is weu and publicly known that enormous frauds have been perpetrated on the Treasury, and that colossal fortunes have been made at the public expense. This species of corruption has increased and increasing, and if not diminished will eoon bring us into total ruin and disgrace. The public credi tors and the tax-payers are alike interested in an honest administration of the finances, and neither class will long endure the large-handed robberies of the recent pust. For this discreditably state of inmgs there are several causes. Some of the taxes are o iaia as to present an irresistible temptation to evade payment. The irront Slims, wliinh .ti.ni.a may win by .connivaiii at fraud create a pressure wuieu i more man the virtue of many can with stand; and there can be nn rlnnbt. that th ntion fit a regard of constitutional obligations avowed by some v, ...v ii.gi.csi auu niosi mnuential men in the coun try has greatly weakened the moral sense of those wno serve m subordinate places. The expenses of ine vmieu crates, including interest on the public debt, are more than six times as much as they were bctcii jreurs ago. 10 collect and disburse this vast amount requires careful supervision as well as svs tematic wgilance. The system, never perfected, was .uUuu uisorganizea Dy tne "Tenure of Othce Bill," l'Tl 1 a 1. I. 0 a ..1mAa,4. .1 . a ' 1 , , . .... OM t ueairoyeu omciai accountability. The President may be thoroughly ediivinced that an officer is incaoable. d B A vm. au m ui a r itlv Constitution, butjixrnder the law which I have named the utmost hecatijdo is to complain to the Senate and ask tho TM-T I ra-ax .... 1 T L !. - 1 ? . 1 a a, ri.,Uv6v yi Bupp.jriug uis piace wiin a DCt- ter man. If the Senate be regarded as personally mi pouiicauy nosuie to the President, it is natural, and not altogether unreasonable, for the officer to ex pect that it will take his part as far as possible, res- 4 aft, at . im.c uiui io uis piace, and give him a triumph over his Executive superior. The officer has other chances of impunity arising from accidental defects of evi dence, the mode of investigating it, and the secrecy w maiuig. ii la not wonaerlul that otncial mal ieasance should become bold in proportion as the delinquents learn to think themselves safe. I am entirely persuaded that under such a rule the Prcfci- 4 nnt m. I. C m - uc" cau perioral me great duty assigned to him of seeing the laws faithfully executed, and that it disables him most especially from enforcing that Mtriil i.nAv..la.L!l!i t - a . '6,u vvvuaiuiuij wuicniH necessary to (he due exe- lltlTl if Wax.a..a. 1. VMaVU VA VUV A CICUUC liLW 3. . , , . . The Constitution invests the President with author ity to decide whether a removal should be made in any given case: the act of Congress declares, in sub- aa,ua.aaA 1 l.ll , " -""i w sunn oniy accuse such as he supposes to be e unworthy of their trust. The Constitution makes him sole Judge in the premises; but the statute taJces away his jurisdiction, transfers it to the Senate anu leaves mm nothing but the odious and sometimes impracticable duty of becoming a prosecutor. The prosecution is to be conducted before a tribunal wnose niemocrs are not like him, responsible to tne wnoie people, but to separate constituent bodies, nuu who may uear nis accusation with great disfavor, iUC "ic is auboiuieiy without any known stand aru oi decision applicable to such a case. Its judgement cannot be anticipated, for if is not eov eruea by any rule. The law does not define what snail oe deemed good cause for removal- It is im possible even to conjucture what may or may not be . " wowrcM. Vj m.ofiun. me nature of the sub ject. iorDias clear proof. If the charge be incapacity, what evidence will sunnort it ? . ti Jn t A k. nL 1 - . a v .Ala. wu- stitution may be undenrtod or misunderstood in a uuousaua ainerent, ways, and by violent party men m violent party times, unfaithful to the Constitution may even -ome to be considered meritorious. If the oiacer oe accused cr, dishonesty, how shall it be made out ? Will it be inferred from acts unconnec- icm. w,u puouc uuiy, irom private history, or from k-Ci reputation r ur must tha President await wi commission ox an actual misdemeanor in See t ouaii ne, in me meantime, risk tne character and in lercsi. i me -Nation in the hamla ir. .i; I a .. . . r -a uuu, uC vauqoi, gire nis connuenee I . Must he forbear his cumpiaini unm me mischief is done and cannot be c,e.eu , ii nut seat in the public service should impel him to anticipate the overt act, must he move , "P"1 or oemg tried n-.ro self f6r the offence of uwDg uu suDoruinatei . in that present circum- rwT m !, y one mB8t held res- wi viuciki aetinucncy oj every kind. It is a. i jtraz 1. t- -a.-U.a. tosi!nna,hnTtT wiraucij uuacu w as; wm . v y should be thrown, if U be not left where it baa been placed by the Constitution But all just men w fll admit that tha President ought te bo entirely relie ved from such responsibility, if he cannot meet it by - . . . - , a a. V I .1..- reason oi restriction pxacea uj law upon wb tvuva TllA .a n aaaMW akat WAWaftV if Mlltliwl tTwim ft4 A. .M, UU n.i VaW rV1 V AMaataiTW .vwaa very great one to bo trusted even to a Magistrate 1. a. I . 1 . , 3P -lP.Va. a aa aal aa M.at. cuvwa uj uie lue gvocrai auui gv mi uic wuviv jiw t.1 ,nH .MAtinl.KU tivAjt1v tn tKTn fni hia aeta. fr.aa, aMaV MWHtl aaT.W a. a.Xa.. w taa., . a. a. It is undoubtedly liable to abuse, and at some periods r . i. a t i i . . i rr:i v- uivur uisiery peruapa aiuim'i auuscuu in. thought desirable and constitutional that it should 1 ' . . a ' k - 1 a 1 a a J a 1 ue bo iimueu as io mue wue x reuiueni merciy som- TnnM infi.nni MiMt .tk miKIiff aorAnta ha abonlI at least be permitted to act in that capacity before rvujc wjiru inuauai untcresunii mi y' J pwiiuvr, ready te investigate the sserits ef every case furnish-, ed with' the means of taking evidence, and bound to decide according established rules. This would guarantee the safety of the accuser when he acts in good faith, and at the same time, secure the rights of the other party. 1 speak' of course with all prop er respect for the present Senate, but it does not seem to me that any legislative body ean be so con stituted as te insure its fitness for these functions. It is not. tha thsxnrv tot tkia laAnvrnmnnl thnl niitilii. . j - ' - - I offices are the property of those who hold them. They are given merely as a trust for the public bene fit sometimes for a ' fixed period, sometimes ' during good behavior, but generally they are liable to be terminated at the pleasure of the appointing power, which represents the collective majesty and speaks the will ot the reon!. The forced retention in nffici of a single dishonest person nay work creat injury to the public interests. The danger to the public service conies not from the power to remove, but from the rknwcr tn anTvalnt. ' 'l'hiwfAn it m. that framcrs of the Constitution left the power of removal unrestricted, while they gave the Senate a right to reject all appointments which, in its opinion, were not tit it T.I niuip. A lit.tlA l-aatl rut inn An ilaia oaiVta aaaa will probably satisfy all ' who have the good of the -a A a 1 . A A.t ak S A . . . country at ueart uiat our pest course is to. taaethe Constitution for our truide. walk in the nath mark ml out by the founders of the Republic, and obey the l .1- J 1 a 1 .. .. a. ruies maue sacreu Dy tne ODservance OI our great predecessors. ........ . . , The nresent condition ofour finaneon ami oiroiila. ting medium is one to which your early consideration is invited. The proportion which the currency of any country 1 ataa. 1 a . - - suouiu uear to tue wnoie value or the annual produce circulation by its means is a Guest ion unnn whieh political economists have not agreed. Nor can it be controlled by legislation, but must be left to the ir revocable laws which every where regulate commerce and trade. .The circulation medium will i, irrn. sistibly flow to those points where it is in greatest demand. The law of demand and supply is as uner rinsr as that which reculate the H1 I'M t thn IU0in. and indeed currency, like the tides, has its ebbs and flows throughout the commercial world. At the beniiininir of the rebellion tha ln1r.nni circulation ' of the country amounted to not much more than t wo hundred millions of dollars; now the circulation of Na t lOTia.1 R&Yllr fVnt A Anil t Ti n.aaa InAn-n as "legal tenders" is nearly seven hundred millions. While it is urged by some that this amount should be increased, others contend that a decided rAHnrti.n i absolutely essential to the best interests of the coun- J va myvo V V a X B3 VT1 UlUUi? li 1UUT UC well to ascertain the real value of our paper issues, when compared with a metalic or convertible curren cy. I or this purpose let us inquire how much gold and silver could be purchased by the seven . hundred millions of narxT mmifv nnw in p!ri.nlit.nn . - a. g . -...- j .av aa au .a a a. aa au . v U A W ably not more than half the amount of the latter show- .' . .1 .1 l . . mg mai wuen our paper currency is compared with the gold aud silver its commercial value is compressed aa. Tiaa- a A av atwv V'IUI' TOl U into three hundred and fifty millions.; This striking fact makes it the obvious duty of the Government, as earlv as mav ! ririttivtpnt w ith tht. rtrir. r f antin1 J " u Mini a. a ii nai aa . riiu. ijriap vi II II VI political economy, to take such measures as will enable till holder ttf ita nntua a,wt t liraaiaa nf 1u XT., .;.iaa..l T?.... 1. - . . - . VB a . iv aa 1 1 a u niiia an w.-i v. mi' A a .a a i aa aa aa t aJdimo to convert them, without loss, into specie or its equiva lent. A reduction of nnr naner rirriil jatii.fr mviliiim need not mcessarily follow. This, however, would depend upon the law of demand and supply, though it should be borne in mind tlmt hr n.alr.i.n laaaa-ol l-aa, dr and bank notes convertible iuto coin or its equiva lent, their present specio value in the bands of their holders wonld be enhanced one hundred per cent. Legislation for the accomplishment of a result so de sirable is demanded by the highest public considera tions. The P rmfititllt.nl. o..ntmnI;iti.'H that tliA iiriHl. ting medium of the country shell be uniform in quali ty and value. At the time of the formation of that in strument, the country bad just emerged from the War of the Revolution, nnd was snfferimr from th flV.t .,f a redundant and worth. ss paper currency. The sages or mat period were anxious to protect their posterity from the evils which they thf mselves had experienced. Hence, in providing a circulating medium, they con ferred upon Congress the power to coin money and rcffulate the VJ.)n tllt-rnf ut. tin- ami timw nraahiKItlrar. the States from making scything but gold aud silver a tender in payment of d' bts. The anomalous condition of onr currency is in stri king contrast with that which was originally designed. Our circulation new embraces, first, notes ut the Nation al Banks, which are made receivable for all dues to the frovernment. r-xrUiA -va. irvoio wuvs j j an JIO UI UI" tors, excepting in payment of interest upon its bonds and the securities themselves; second legal tender notes, issned bv the ITn.tf.l S,tntn .ml ul.i..l. tl.o u. r:. res shall be received as well in payment of all debts a. a . i a aa oeiwet-n cuizens as ot an uoverunient dues, excepting imposts: and third, gold and silver coin. By the opera tion ofolir nrVKI'nt .vtm ot finanAA h.'AV.r itin m. I - . . a aa aa. a a aa a aa w a . w . a . a , . aj aa m I tallic currency, when collected is reserved only for one class of Government creditors, who, holding its bonds, senii-snnnallv reecivA. thnir intprtmt in A..in Va... a - j ...... ,uiaiv. m w a a. a i r the National Treasury Tlu-y .are thus made to occupy au invidous position, whieh may be used to strengthen the arirnments of those .vim ivmili. Krinrr inin iliumnntu - p. --aa a- a- a- a a. a.a U ..I I tat.av the obligation of the nation. Iu the tiaynu nt of all its J 1 at ii. . . I! I . 1 at f . ' a ueDts. in piiguteu ism oi the uoverunient should bo inviolably maintained. Hut uhil it nnta with th ity toward the bondhI ',-r who loaned his money that the iutfcritv of the Union n.io-ht h.. nrfMrvmi . .....iM - d fe.-a (...., IXUVUIU at the same time observe gooxl faith with the great masses of the rx-onle. who. Imvinrr from the perils of rebellion, now bear the burdens of taxation, that the Government may be able to fulfil its ent?airements. There is tin rau.,ri u l;.f, ;n i. O tr - - a a. aaa.- a a a, aa B1 V. cepted as satisfactory by the people, why those who uiiiruu u vu ine lauu ana protect us on the sea; the pensioner upou the o-ratitud nf thA noiwm iwarinm hi.a scars and wounds received while in its serviet : the pnb- t ' . I ' . 1 a -a. ,. . " ne beivams m me various .Departments tA the Govern ment: the farmer who Kimnlia thf .Mitre r.rlu ar. atld the Sailor, of the tlavr th artiun uf.s. ta.;t :n ,1... . a, " aa a. a ti hv lliO &U7 nation's work-ehons. or th. ma)m liif'ttiani lihri'ra u'ttaa. I...:u . j-i- . j . . . ounu us t umces ana construct its torts and vessels of war. should. , m - -- " nai vi-rai aav-u dues, receive depreciaU-d paper while another class of iu u .a-M.i.iiij u.i-ii, no more aeserving. are paw in eoiu of irold and silver. . Knnal an.l hui inc;i r.....:,. d - i " aaaaa aaiaiv, J !.. a a. V. a UUU1 , that all the creditors of the Government should be paid in a enrrenrv nns ... no- a nn r..rm (.inn ih.:. a ( af I ' 7 " aaaa.v. .aa, - UlUvf i A Ilia, can only be accomplished by the restoration of the currency to the standard Aatal.iih Um tho r..nu;.. . 1 1 , hviiuii. aat J J .aaaa VyvUfclIiU tion; and by this means we would remove a discrimi nation which may. if it has not already done so, create a prejudice that niav become diAn-mot..! ami u-itaaa.a,,i".at and imperil the national credit. The feasibility of m.-.kin . . , . i-a v ..... a i wnmuvuu With the Constitutional atnutiarrl mav tiA Aaari I.Va traaffu. ence ti a few facts derived from our commercial sta tistics. The production of nrpiiini mnfele in TTn:a..a4 .uJ. jTm to ,857 torfnsive, amounted to --79f-000.000: from JS58 to I860, inclusive, to 813700,000; and from 1861 to 1 807, inclusive, to f4o700,0O0 makinsr the trrand actrrAtratA .f r...i.,a.,a. a.: iai tt I V-' . Tho "nou"t of specie coined from 1849 to JfcS, inclusive, was 4,000,000: from ia58 to 1860, iuiu9ir., aizajnjiiiHHt! ani t,om luni lucr : l.. ' w " -aa IIVIU JiUUt W 1 C!U , Hit lit VJmA IV'VW.tJOO -making the total coinage since t"r-w m. vu m, iooi, lociusive, iue V!!roXpwrt t,f 8necie amounud to f27l,0004)t-0; from t!S. ? l?G0, inc,n8',r' o 9 148.VWJUW: and from JcoJ to 1867. ineliisivA St:trj iwui rwui m.i;.. k a'VaaaaVUVfVVVn'UlaiKlalC actrretrate of net Mnnrti iinoo ia ta tum ium fmi ja . a-. UIUVU IU.l fllllrVWaVWi 1 hese fcgures show au excess of product over net ex- TW.rta r.f teM imiiiuui m . . .. Jail i ru v,uwiw, , . inre are iu sue .treasury I1 1,000,000 iu coin. something more than 40,000.t00 III Mrfll1nttkii . a 1 " I a a a a- "It aaiaa a law r BtilTIM mmW ait1 aa WmWmr m 111 Ifanav . , T --.ai 4uv rai, iyt m ' " eva 1V1 W nil rV otlaf.M. I .3 ..I -. a a a .a a rn f,. uu lu'r iMtna 'in ail aooui iou uyu;uul'' This, however, taking into account the spe cie IB the Aimntrv rar... til Kl .im than ' .aa.. .naaa a J f" MlTtmm 1" H'lB IIMW aVWT- VVT,V"U n,"c nave not Deen acejounteu ior ny rxpor. t"titn therefore may yet n-uiain in the country. the inferior correucy will snpereede the bettr r, forcing wimiiuwu aniuug ine mimrv, auu v a using ll ux be exported t w aaBvv v v tFaiv V mWC money Canital f tnnJon Un.a IVv tU. h a.a.a . , i I - "", J " sit v of retlriDg our paper money, that the return of and a demand created whieh will cause the retention at home of at hast so much f the productions ofour rich and ineil.at.Kt;K1 , m,AAJxrntm. A1a1. . l. . , . "-a Aa iust u-3 SniUClent far immmux nf i-irAnatu.n f C . a -a--aa. wniM, aa. B HUlaWla. bH-te expert a return to a sound rnrrcne so foym u the Government, by continuing to isssue imdet mat i notes, fills the channels f circulation with depn ciit 5 pappr. . Notwithstanding a coiusge by onr ,;', aince J647. of f &74.000.WX), tlie peoitk- are -.., gera to the currency which was designed for their u and benefit, and sp clmens of the prt ci un n ,JT bearing tbe national device are seldom w.n, nc, '! when produced to gratify the interest excited by lu, norelty. If depriau-d paper is to be contii Ui d permanent enrrency of the country, and 0ur coin ii to become a mere article of traffic and sp culstiou to the enhancement in price-f all that is indispensable t the comfort of the people, it wonld be wute econoiuv to abolish onr mints, thus fuiVinsr iIia iiatinn tl.A .... -. expetise incident to snch establishments, aud lei all our precious metals be exported in bullion. The time has cuuiruunrTTci,wuru iuc uvmiiinro. ins. -National Banks shonld be reouired to take th mnat . . - uivil'Ul stens and make all nect-SAarr aiTane-emi-ntii for a . . . m -. aiiiiuuin. tion of specie payments at the tarliest practicable period. Specie pay menu having been once rtsutiMtl by the Government and banks, all notes or bill. 0f paper issued by either of a less denomination than twenty dollars should by law be excluded from circn I tion so that the people may have the benefit and con" Veuience t.f a Cold aud silver runvnev u !;.. their business transactions will be uniform in .a hoim- and abroad. "Every man of nronertv or industry- rirv n,.n -v. dm w .f Jt-'J ...ail mio esires to preserve what he honestly possesses, or to ob tain what he can honestly earn.' has a direct intercut in maintaining a Baft circniatimr meitinm cm.li . ..,. .1: - p - m mi UlUul as shall be real and substantial, not liable to vibrato with opinions, not subi. ef to be n dowu by the breath of speculatipn. but to be made sta ble and secure. A disordered currency is one of thn greatest political evils. It nndrmi cessary for the support of the social system, and en courages nrinenauia (twIniMi. f t.. t : wars agamst fndustry, frugality, and economy, and it fosters the evil spirits of extravagance and speculation." It has been asserted by ne of our profound aod most gifted statesmen, that "of all the contrivances forche.t. IBS' the Inborfna' claKiu'H ,f matil;i ......a i a ca . " ...nana, aai la UI I H more effectual thau that which deludes them ith pa per money. This is the most effectual of inventions to fertilize the rich man's fielda by the sweat of the poor man's brow. Ordinary tyranny,, oppression ejwrt ssivo taxationsthese bear-lightly on the happiness t.fihe mass of the community compared with a fraudulent currency, and the robberies committed by depn ciat. d paper. Onr own history has recorded for our instruc tion enough, and more than enough f the demoraliz ing tendency, the injustice, and the intolerable oppreti sion on the virtuous and well-disposed of a degiaili d paper cunvuey, authorized by law or iu any way coun tenanced by Government.' It is one of the most suc cessful devices, in times f peace or war, rxpanfions or revolutions, to accomplu-h the transfer of all the pre. cious metals from the great mass of the oeople into the hands of the few, where they are hoa'rded in seen t places or deposited in strong boxes under bolts and bai- wbile the peoole aaTf it I it tn - II ill r aall ft a SnAnnttai.La.... sacrifice, and demoralization resulting from the use of a lll-nri l taa? anal tiw.al 1. 1 - y. --"- a a.aav nuiiumg ailJl J nlOUfy. The condition of mmmm aaav vp 1 a IUU8 tj our rerenue nvstem rf tut fnrih n.l f..n t.. 1 . m9j vjapaawiii'u III the able and mstmctive report of the N cretai v of thn Treasury. On the 30th f .1 til) lMilf? lkaa r.lil.1'... at. .1.4 a - --wawaaaa WWa IHC Lf II 111 Ut U amounted to 2.7fi:t.4-2ri l ti. -uuu If i i... . itwas f,C9 ,199,8J5; showing a reduction diirii.ir the. fieAMl t.i.a ..1 iSallf 4ftaVt9 " fl Wn .a a "'J1 w i'i,OT,Mi. aUunng tlie fiscal year end ing Juue 30. 1W.7. I.a the expenditun i $34fi,72.IS9, leaving an available a,.r.aa. .1,,, 11 FMimiltl U tllftt tllC TH' "-'"'"o. anu mat ine expenditures will reach the 8UIT f aoy.tWfi, leaving Vu the Trcaunry a surplus of S2J,8lh,70!f . For the fineal vinr An.litin. .I.,nurii 18ti9, it is estimated that thn riiinta in-ill am 381,000,000, aud that the expenditures will be $;i7i . 000.000, showing an excess ot $9,000,010 in favor cf the Government, The attention of Conn-ess i irruuilv ;.., ;i... ,t . D - - ' J hi ' in u ly 1 1 j u aliini.oiiilai . . F il 1 . a a .a - U1 " morougn revisiou i our revt nue synimi. Our internal revenue laws and inipont tysu in shruld be so adjusted as to bear most heavily on articles of luxury, leaving the necessaries of lif,- a free from taxa tion as maybe consistent with the real wants of tlw Government economically administered. Tuxati..ii would not then fall unduly on the man of moderate means; and while none would be entirely exempt from assessment, all, in proportion to their pecuniary abili ties, would contribute towards the support of the State. A modification of the internal revenue system, by a large reduction iu the number of articles now suljrrt to tax, would be followed by results equally advanta geous to the citizen aud the Government. It would render the execution of the law less expensive and more certain, remove obstructions to industry, lesm-ti tho temptations to evade the law, diminish the violations aud frauds perpetrated upon its provisions, make iis operations less inntiisitoiiMi. ami ! bers the army of tax-gatherers created by thr syhb m. nuo iitn.fr iioiu i im inoutn oi Honest labor tlie bread it has earned." Itc treuebment, nform. and ec m iny should be carried into every branch of I lie public ser vice, that the expenditures of the Gov. rnm ut ii;ay be reduced and the people relii-v. d fiom oppiessive taxa tion; asound curreiif v Mlmnhl tu r.-wia.r. .1 uni i.u n..i.. 1,a r a a- ... a- a. a. .a Ullll I U . m U W a 1 1 I ' 1 1 IJ iic faith in recard to thf natii.Tiat .ll.t u.r...u ..t.. . .......i 1 3 ---.--aa.aaa aaia v. r..i a. 'J tI,1 1 , I IJ . lhe accomplicihnieiitof tin seiniportant ret-ults, together with the restoration of the Union of the States npoti the principles of the L'oriMtii Iltinn woiiM inan.m afki.Je.Maa I. m a . ... . , , u -'aa VVUIIU- Bi V at home and abroad iu the sfabi.'ity of our instil iitionn, and bring to the nation prosperity, p. ace,: and good w an. The report of the Secretary of War ad interim exhibits the operations of the army and of the several ttur aus of tho ar Department. The aggregate strength of V trVt'' on 3010 ul 84 rn'bT last, was e"' The total estimate for military appropriations is $. 7,14.707. including a d. ficiency in last year's ai propnation of $13,600,000. The pay nu-nts at the Treas ury cn account f the service ot the War Department from January 1 to Ortuhr yo lwirr 'i ..r..... I . a, . . . , u inilMVt III II u mouths amounu d to $10y,07,0( 0. The expt nw s of the military establishment, as well as the numbers of a.uij, are uow tnree times as great as they have been in time of peace; w hile the discretionary power is vested iu the Executive to add millions to this expen diture by an increase of the army to tbe maximum strength allowed by the law. The menacing attitude of some of the warlike bands of Indians inhabiting the district of country between Uie Arkansas aud PJatte rivers, aud portions of Dakota Territory, required the presence of a laree military .. .nai. ir,uu. xnsitgateu by real r imaginary grievances, the Indians occasionally committed acts of barbarous violence npon emigrants and our Iroutit r t tlemeuts; but a general Indian war has been pruvideti 41., ly?VvTt- The Commissioners under the act of -iOth July. 18C7. were invested with full power to ad just existing difHi-nltua ni irntt. i,-...:.. i... - O ' r '".a' III Hilar TI l U ll. aallV- am cU-tl bauds, and select for them ret, rvatiotu, remoto troni the travelled routes between the Mississippi and the Pacific. They entered without delay upon the ex ecution f their trust, but hare not yet made any offi cial report ot their proceedings. It is of vital impor tance that our distaut Territories should be exempt from Indian outbreaks, and that the construction of tho 1 acific Railroad, an object of national iniportaece. should not be iuterrnpted by hostile tribes. Tbt se b, Jec W-Il as the material interests and the moral and intellectual improvement 'of the Indians, can be. niost effectually secured by concentrating ih m upon, portions of country set apart for their exclusive use. and located at points remote from our highways and encroaching white settlements- Since the commrncr inept of the second session of lh Thiity -Ninth Congress, five hundred and ten miles f road have been cotistrncted on the main line and branches of the Pacific Railway. The line from Omaha is rapidly approaching the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, whilst the terininns of the hist section of A.T ftutnf Warnaa. I in aT I (t rtl Sal ala-artaa1 faW wa tafuVMUVH-U S KM U Wv J va mm aaa aBv ifMU J the Government OQ the- 24th dnj of October last, was but eleven miles distant from the summit of thA. Kit-era Vi-vaila. Tlie rental Lalili. fnnrnm i.;n.il hr tha (fnmnanies offers thn Btronivwat aanrn.u ik. aaaa .---'' t HTOULUaa; ll.a, the comph'tion of tlie road froin Sacramento to Ouiuha will not be long deferred. During the last fiscal year seven million forty-ono thousand one hundred aud fourteen acres f public, land were disposed f. and the cash receipts from sales and fees exceeded bv talla aHaalaf tltiltaAV. .ft.. I fa., tl.ata a. a miiiiiii uviiein iaic rum rPftllZed from tll-t.U4 tUttma HlirStia .Ka. -rv-a.la.rv; a.,. .....r The amount paid to pensioneM. Including eipeus s of disbnrse.nents. was AlM titQ nrji 'tn a n.m-a -w -mm - m. ffv 'W em asva UV1W iall' w were added to the roll. Th j - a mmr ' m. aa aaa y iudvi vi J- sioners on the 30th of June last was 15.',4?4. patents and designs were issued- during tbe yrsr end ing September 30. je67, and at that date lhe balancn la liaa .... A - . 1 a . . aa . - . u r juraeury io me creUit of the Patent lund RftUk77. . , , The report cf the Srrrt tary of the Navy ttairt that we have seven squadrons actively and' judic.oo-iy employed, under efficient and able commander, in protecting the person aad property of American citizen, muinlaining tbe dignity and power of tb Government, and promoting the commerce and bui nei Interests of oar countrymen in every part of world. Of tbe 228 vessels composing the present navy of tbe United States, 56, carryiDgf07 fre Ih a tiiii.jl.HH -a : . .L. MiimheV nf rAc&ata tn A.Mn.:..i-. 1 . , -.1 in t m 1 V C . w. - -. . a. v s.m vviuui;iva iia ceu reuavcu w add there are thirteen JeJS on sqnadroa doty than there were at the dale of tbe last report. A large number of vef sile werf commenced and ia course cf
The Charlotte Democrat (Charlotte, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Dec. 10, 1867, edition 1
2
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