i 1 ' 1 1 - . , i .
J, YATES, Editor axd Proprietor.
T' l'ins f Subscription TiiitEE Dollaks, in advance.
CHARLOTTE, N. C, TUESDAY, APRIL 4, 1871.
NINETEENTH VOLUME N UMBER 96S.
THE
Charlotte Democrat,
in i'.I.ISilKD I5Y
YATF.. E ytor and Proprietor.
WILLIAM .T.
T;;kms Time Dollars pcr'annum in advance.
dvc rtis: m' lit- u j"' inserted at reasonable
r:i?-s, r
1 ircopl:!''"' "llll 'Miu;i':i.
1 1 . ...
0!,it'i:iry
noli;-"- "i "v, r mi ones lcnirtn will
he eh.irjv.l for at a-1 v. it imi' rates.
Robort Gibbon, EC. D.,
fiiysician AM) slugeonv
?;-
i; covi r Siiiitli it Hammond's Drug Store
( ..n Collre Street.
.!:.'!
j. P. MeCombs, II. D.,
', f s-io:i !l services to the citizens of
,t i I s'invi i!t''ii:ir country. All calls, both
):
ii rr;t! an i 1 1 " . t 1 "'i- '.' .m... ... .. -.
j., IJr.Avn's b liLiing, up stairs, opposite the
. . i i . . - i .ti n?,l I ' ?i t rrri; 1 f h t
('
II'
;o.
DENTISTHY.
1)1,'. M. A. ULAN I), Dkntist,
lS;:ccess,r to Au: Mt:u & li..vxi.)
All -a irk .ru:'.ranfei"l.
,,:) I.V '-Nitp.'H
( iiee i:i Ui i' k Vi J
1 T. ,...
I', h (',, 1 ST 1 .
T--i t!i '.-xtraetcd without
'. v. i',K.-ile the Charlotte
SMITH & HAMMOND
Jlave in St on- a Full Slock of Dnurs, .Medicines,
ite. wiiie'i tliev an- oiiering at very low prices.
wholesale and n tail.
( i.inirv .Merchants and others visiting Charlotte
v. i!) do well t" call and get quotations.
An". -'H, 1 s T
Dr. JOHN H. McADEN,
Wholesale and Retail Druggist,
CIIAL'LOTTE, X. C,
I f is on liafid a l.irir mid well selected stock of TURE
Ur;S, Ciieinieals. Patent Medicines, Family
Medlehies. r.iints. Oils, Varnishes, Dye Stuns,
1 tnev and Toilet Articles, which he is determined
t i M il at tlie verv lowest prices.
Jan 1. 171.
DR. S. E. BRATTON,
Physician and Surgeon,
Tend,' in Ids Professional services to the citizens of
t liarloite :tnd vicinitv.
otliee next to Charlotte Hotel. Residence oppo-
r to .1
II. Wilson'.
Law Office.
I-YI
;. is?!.
lim
WILSON & BLACK,
Vi holrsalc and Retail Druggists,
' Trtnle and U je Mi;., Liarlotte.
(
V.'c now have one of the largest and most com
)'1 ti Slocks of
Drugs, Medicines, &c,
t :d everything pertaining to tlx.' Druir Business.)
i !' found in this market, which we are offering at
vrty low prices.
'!'e Physicians and Country Merchants we offer
h,' lid inducements. All orders promptly filled.
MANSION HOUSE,
CI I A LOTI'K, X. C.
T'.iis well-known IIoue having been newly fur-i-'icd
and refilled in every department, is now open
. ; 'die accommodation of the
TKA V ELLMr PUIiLIC.
I?:" 0.i)nil)'is.M.'sat the Depot on arrival of Trains.
.1 er.M. 1S70. II. C. ECCLES.
a isriiwr.i.L. v. s. newoLFK.
BURWELL & DoWOLFE,
ATT O 11 X i: Y S AT J. A W,
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
'"liTicc in the Court House, next to the Sheriffs
Oilier. Jan 2,1871 v
JOHNSON'S HOTEL,
LIXCOLXTOX, X. C.
rik This well known establishment is still open
liijcjj :U1 1 ra successful operation for the accomnio-
'dation of the public. The Proprietor guaran
tees satir.u tion to all who may give him a call.
1 tns;ort ttion furr.i.dicd ti tue surrounding coun
' ia rea.si).i;ible Urm.
B. S. JOHNSON,
.1 in :), 1S71 Gin Proprietor.
JOHN T. BUTLER,
l'UC TK'.M.
Watch and Clock Maker,
ami i;: vi.kk iv
JEWELRY, FINK WATCHES CLOCKS,
Watch .Materials, Spectacles, vVc.
A ,' lt. 1SS7. CHARLOTTE, N. C.
Preserve Your Eyes.
Tlu s" Lenses, manufactured by the Philadelphia
1 'it Institute, are superior to anv other Glasses
,;i "iMi-ket. They confer a brilliancy and tlis-i'.i-rae
of vision not found in any other Glass.
1 ie Ii usi'.l i'. iiviII" ii-.. 1 1 -ilirnt tirin r nr
v' ' ''ws the eve.
IFor s.-m' only at JOHN T. BUTLER'S
l; welry Store, Main Street, sole agent in Charlotte,
-v 1 ., an. I
vieiuitv.
KM, -:
170.
f 11 Alii A) I I i V. ( '.
""'''liar attention pai 1 to the selling of all kinds
I'lee, Cotton and Tobacco.
di-h S! cash price pai l for Cotton.
f All orders from : A it-me.. nr. mint K !itt.'n.l"ed
f
i . i i .
l'. T x - - i . in
w J. 1 . I'll I V I',.
1 Hi?!). W. II. BRYCE.
D. SNYDER & SON,
un and Lock Smiths,
niAiu.oTrK, x. c,
.ii 'aiers. Mrini-f ,, .,,,.,. , c .,u i r
jC i i "."iMiiim iwi Kill t i s in nn ri:ui "i
v Vih DiKr Locks, Trunk Locks and
i iH hest nfGans, Rifles. &c. constantly for sale
? r I'ru-iire.l to order at prices i ow down
V..'M' the n,.w .Tohbinir Shun to ir,t,r Arm
f or Snorfin.r r:,wi,ic ,w 1.1 .......i-
i- good -.is new.
" "'P ia Parks' Building near the Public Square.
Carolina Aerricultural Works,
CHARLOTTE. N. C.
U)(K ,t KLLYSOX, Proprietors.
,ir s;i"w are now at the Old Naw Yard and at
'u' 1 oundry of J. M. Howie.
rin ar'' TnuuiuI;wturing and selling all sorts of
. . .lnpl''Ucnts and giving careful attention
" l:uiuiir in ollr im.jof every description.
.(hl:! ls'E COOK & ELLYSON.
Char. & liuth. Railroad.
r pjr. " ,"v - vi tins io:ai can ne purcnasea j
, " Dollars of Station A -rents at Charlotte i
-u lie I i. . .. . ti . ii . . i i .
"ir.tonan.l P!,......;u
,,. V. (j. JOITNSON. Gen'l A cent.
r.h oa ,':V;r" T)'ivi'n. Wil.. Char.& Rutli: R. R.
Plant one Tree.
The balmy days of Spring are here. Thev
invite us to sha re in the re-awaking of na
ture, in dressing up the world for the holi
day of .Summer. A sense of obligation
seems to impel us to plant something so as
to share this fresh life which is coming to
lill all things around us. Look around vou
for some spot to plant a tree; some waste
forgotten corner even, or by the roadside.
If you leave no other monument you have
one then, and, however humble your 'life,
you have done one then worth remember
ing. If vou have never felt, th pYrmiiitr.
pleasure ot the miracle of growth which
goes on around us m the sprin"- time,
Ave
till
cannot communicate it. Don't
wait
next season vou will lose
one
year
growth and ail the pleasure that cajnef.jvs
it. Plant for fruit or shade, and coming i;
generations will Mess you.
if you can't plant a tree plant a grape
vine or blackberrv bush.
At Walter Brem's
HARDWARE STORE,
You will find everything in the Hardware line that
can be found at such stores in the United States or
elsewhere.
Call and see the implements and curious instru
ments for working in the ground or on top of the
.-round. WALTER BRE.M,
March 13, 1871. Mansion House Corner.
NOTICE.
After this date no goods willbc sold to anyone
for a longer time than 30 days. Parties failing to
settle at that time will be refused credit until their
accounts are settled, and upon application for settle
ment, if not settled, the accounts will at once be
placed in the hands of an officer for collection.
GREGORY & WILLIAMSON.
Marcli 20, 1871.
CASH or CREDIT.
We will sell THE GENUINE PACIFIC GUANO
to our Farmers this season at SIXTY DOLLARS
per ton Cash or SEVENTY DOLLARS per ton,
payable November loth WITHOUT INTEREST,
note and good security required.
This Fertilizer has been well tried by Farmers in
this section and is generallv pronounced
Equal to the Best, Inferior to none.
Farmers wishing to pav for their Fertilizers in
j Cotton to be delivered in the Fall, can be accom
modated.
Remember that we offer a premium of ONE
THOUSAND POUNDS of GENUINE PACIFIC
GUANO to the farmer wiio makes the greatest
amount of Cotton on an acre from the use of Pacific
Guano. BURROUGHS ife SPRINGS.
LIME.
Catawba Lime,
Genuine Rockport Lime,
Fresh Rosendale Cement,
Calcined Plaster,
Land Plaster and
Standard Fertilizers,
For sale bv BURROUGHS & SPRINGS.
March (1. 1871.
Groceries and Confectioneries.
"We beg leave to call the attention of the generous
public to the fact that we are in receipt of" and are
daiiy receiving a full line of the following goods,
viz : Groceries, Candies, Confectioneries, Tobacco,
Snuff and Cigars, Toys, Musical In .truments, &c,
which we are prepared to sell as low as any other
house in the City, wholesale or retail. (jive us a
call. 2 doors West of iirein. Blown & Co., near the
Court House, on Trade Street, Charlotte, N . C.
A. R. NTSBLT BRO.
Groceries, &c.
100 Sacks Rio Coffee, 50 Barrels A, C and extra C
Sugars; Hyson and Black Teas; New Orleans, Dima
rara and Common Molasses; 40 Tubs Pure and Leaf
Lard; ,VJ boxes Adamantine Candles; 100 boxes No.
1 Huiiii-'s; Mackerel in barrels, half barrels, quarter
barrels and kits; Soda in barrels and boxes; Early
Rose and Goodrich Potatoes in barrels; Spice, Pep
per, Ginger, Nutmegs and Clovos, Buckets, Pails.
Tubs, Brooms and Baskets, Shoe Brushes and Black
ing, Powder and Shot; Washing, Toilet and the
celebrated Tar healing Soaps.
A. R. NISBET & BRO.
Candies and Confectioneries.
Assorted Stick Candies, various colors and flavors;
Prize Candies, Shoo Fly, Maidens Blush, Cash Bank
and Specie Bank; 100 Boxes Layer Raisins, in
whole, halves ami quarter boxts ; Soda, Sugar and
Lemon Crackers ; Brazil Nuts, Walnuts, Fiibuts and
Almonds; Toys of all kinds, Violins and other
M usical Instruments.
Tobacco, Snutf and Cigars of all the various
brands at prices to suit cu.-doiucrs.
All of the above goods were bought at the lowest
possible figures, expressly for the jobbing trade, and
will be sold cheap.
Merchants and others are specially invited to call
and see us before buy ins.
A. R. NISBET & BRO.,
Feb 13, 1871. Trade Street, Charlotte, N. C.
DR.
W. H. HOFFMAN,
Dentist,
CHARLOTTE, N . C . ,
Is prepared to attend promptly to all calls relating
to his profession.
Teeth extracted without pain by the use of Nitrous
Oxide Gas. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Office at residence, next door to Dewey's Bank.
March fi. 1871.
Great Discovery in
OIL! OIL!!
The undersigned, a practical manufacturer, has
for the past 12 vcars been experimenting with and
compounding LUBRICATING OIL. lie has lately
made a new and important discovery in the laws
governing fatty substances, such as OILS, whereby
the gummy matter can be detached from the Oil
and precipitated to the bottom, leaving a perfectlv
m.rc Oil lit for LUBRICATING PURPOSES. He
,ias ,PPH1 this discory to Oils intemlct 1 for
machinery, and produced an OIL AR RANTED
not to hetit or gum, and as durable as the best of
Snemi. The best iudges cannot tell it from pure
Sjierm either by taste or smell.
Warranted to give satisfaction or returned at my
expeuse.
Refer to L. C. Jones, President Favetteville fe Cold
Fields Railroad, Favetteville, N. C. ; Jno. Shaw,
President Beaver Creek Manufacturing Company.
Favetteville. N. C. ; Col. J. W. Leak, President reat
Falls Manufacturing Company, Rockingham, N. C.
Send for a sample of the Artificial Sperm, and it
will be sent forward free of cost
HENRY G. HALL,
Feb K), 1871 3m Favetteville, N. C.
1871. GARDEN SEED! 1871.
Landrcth's AVarranted Garden Seed!
large ana ireMi suppiv oi inese ceieuratcu oecu .
hove iust been received from Philadolnhi.i Also.
, j r i. i . . r ,i
Clover and Orchard Grass.
Call and suppiv vourself with Cataloirue.
" KILGORE & CURETON,
Jan 16, 1871. Springs' Corner.
'
Sleep, Fainting, Appoplexy. -
When a man is asleep, his pulse beats
and his lungs play, but he is without sense,
ami vou can easilv wake him up.
If a person faints, he too, is without sense,
but he has no pulse and 'does not breathe.
Appoplexy is between the two; the heart
beats, the lungs play as in sleep, and there
is no sense, as in fainting, but you cannot
shake the man back to life.
In sleep, the face is natural ; in a faint
ing tit, it has the pallor of death; in appo
plexy, it is swollen, turgid, and fairly livid.
If a man is asleep let Jiim alone ; nature
will wake him up as soon as he has got
sleep enough.
When a person faints, all that is needed
is to lay him down flat on the floor and he
uqi ) uiHrui double-qnick time. Hei
tainted because the heart missed a beat,
failed for an instant, failed for only once to
sena tne proper amount ot blood to the
brain. If you place the patient in a hori
zontal position, lay him on his back, it does
not require much force of the heart to send
the blood on a level to the head ; but if you
set a man up, the blood has to be shot up
wards to the head, and this requires much
more force; yet in nine cases out of ten, if
a person faints and falls to the floor, the
tirst thing done is to run to him and set him
up, or place him on a chair.
In appoplexy, as there is too much blood
in the head, even- one can see that the best
position is to set a man up, and the blood
naturally tends downward, as much so as
water will come out of a bottle when turned
upside down, if the cork is out.
If, then, a man is merely asleep, let him
alone, for the face is natural ; if a man has
tainted, lay him flat on his back, for his face
is deadly pale ; if a man is appoplectic, set
him in a chair, because the ia. e is turgid,
swollen, livid, with its excess of blood.
DALLAS M. RIGLER,
No. 5 Granite Row, Charlotte, N. C,
(Next door to Meacham's Boot & Shoe Store,)
Has in Store a large assortment of the following
goods :
Candies, Raisins, Jellies, Pickles,
Crackers of all kind, Cakes,
Figs, Dates and Fruits of all sorts,
Tobacco, Snuff and Segars, &c,
To which he invites the attention of all who wish
to buy anything in that line.
He is prepared to furnish weddings or parties
with Cakes at short notice.
Oct. 31, 1870. D. M. RIGLER.
CHARLES SKINNER,
Candy Manufacturer,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
Groceries and Confectioneries,
Says that he manufactures better CANDY than anjr
brought from the Nortneru markets, and it will
keep longer.
If you "don't believe it call and try it.
SKINNER has also on hand a good assortment
of everything usually found in a first class house,
consisting of
CAXIJY of his oicn manufacture,
French Candies, Gold Medal Cigars,
Jellies, Nuts, Lord Byron Cigars,
Brandy Peaches, Good Cigars,
Sugar, Coffee, Black and Green Teas, Cheese Snuff
of all kinds, Matches, Chewing and Smoking To
bacco, Pipes (Merschaum and other grades), Soda,
Spice, Ginger, Pepper, Canned Oysters, Lobsters,
Peaches and Pine Apples; Violins. Guitars, Banjos,
Accordeons, Ilannonioms and other musican instru
ments. If you don't see what you want ask for it, and
j-ou will be apt to get it.
If vou want Cakes, fcc., for vour wedding supper
or a partv, go to CIIAS. SKINNER'S.
21 Tryon Street, (Parks' building,)
Feb 27, 1871. Charlotte, N. C.
Patronize our Own
SERIES OF SCHOOL BOOKS.
Sterling's Southern Readers and Spellers are the
cheapest and best published. The Copy Books at
my Store retail at 15 cents, and have as good or
better copies than an' other Books in the market.
The 1st Reader retails at 23 cents.
" 2d " " " 50 "
" 3d " " " GO
" 4th " " " 90 "
" 5th " " " 1.00
A liberal discount to Teachers, as I wish to en
courage all who patronize me.
I also have a fine Stock of Wall Paper, Window
Shades, both cloth and Paper; a well assorted Stock
of School Books of all kinds suitable for all portions
of the South.
Ch romos. Oil Paintings, Photographs, Lithographs,
Steel Engravinirs, ifcc. The Photograph of Gen.
Lee, 10x12. framed for $1.
Blauk Books, Memorandums, Inks of all colors,
both writing and copying.
All would do well to call and see me before going
elsewhere, as I will make liberal deductions to all.
Call at the Citv Book Store.
JOHN W. GUNNELS,
No. 2, Trvon Street, opposite Mansion House.
March 13. 1871.
CAROLINA FERTILIZER.
Price Peduced to $5 0 per Ton, Cash,
or $55 on Time, with 7 per cent interest.
t Approved bv Planters generallv. and (after analysis)
bv Prof. W. C. KERR, State Geologist
A Full Supply on Hand.
For Pamphlets, containing full particulars and re
commendations of numerous Planters, applv to
DeROSSETT & CO., State Agents,
Wilmington, N. C.
Or to the following Local Agents:
SANDERS, OATES & CO., Charlotte, N. C.
A. F. Bizzell, Laurinburg.
E. R. Liles, Lilesville.
T. D. Winchester, Monroe.
Foster, Holmes & Co., Salisbury.
C. F. Lowe, Lexington.
R. J. Beix & Co., High Point
Upchcrch & Dodd. Raleigh.
M. W. Jarvis. Wilson.
Wooten ifc Croom, LaG range.
Leak, Spencer & Co., Rockingham.
Local Agents wanted in every town in the State.
Applv to the State Agents, Wilmington, N. C.
Feb 27, 1871. 3m
Garden Seeds! Garden Seeds!!
CROP 1870.
Just received at
SCARR'S DRUG STORE.
V lare and carefully selected Stock
of
GARDEN SEEDS,
' Especially including those varieties suitable to the
! S FebTll F. SCARR
i - 1 i
for the charlotte democrat.
Literary Notes,
i.
Here ig a most impressive contrast. Italy,
Snain nnd Antn'o
tians and the Word of God. so iono- ev-'
eluded, may be openly read anywhere and
at any time. Ten years aro. in Tuscan v. in
Italy, the Madiai were imprisoned, their of
fence being that they read the Bible. In
Spain, Aletamoras was banished for the same
offence, ivhilst in Austria, missionaries from
Scotland were banished for preaching the
Word. 1
II.
Ifi the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward
VI, there was a well known English clergy
rna42y the name of Bernard Gilpin In'a
sermon preached by hirn before Edward in
1552, he employs the following language:
"When Christ suffered his passion, there
was one Barabbas, St. Matthew calleth him
a notable thief, a gentleman-thief such as
rob now-a-days in velvet coats; and other
two obscure thieves, and nothing famous;
the rustical thieves, and nothing famous;
the rustical thieves were hanged, and Barab
bas was delivered. Even so now-a-days the
little thieves are hanged, but the great Parab
ioses have free liberty to rob and to spoil
without all measure in the midst of the city.'.'
Human nature remains the same in all
ages. This satirical passage from the quaint
minister is admirably appropriate to our
own time and State. Have not the "gentlemen-thieves,"
the Littlefields and "others
"too numerous to mention," to use the lan
guage of the shop-keeper, "had free liberty
to rob and to spoil without all measure,"
whilst the vengeance of the law has been
visited only upon the "rustical thieves"
"the little "thieves," who, if not "hanged,"
are at least sent to the penitentiary and the
jails. We might well conclude from such
a condition of affairs, that the . complaint
made by a ballard writer, who was contem
porary with Gilpin, is true of our own day
that
"The rulers and ministers of justice,
That sometimes spake for the common weal,
Were all gone."
Alas ! the Kuffins and Nashes and Battles
and Caldwells and Kerrs and Gilliara9
those able, upright, conscientious "ministers
of justice" who in better and purer times
"spake for the common weal," are cither "all
gone" or displaced, and in their stead we
have the present North Carolina judiciary.
Procul, 0,2rocul, es te profani'
in.
I remember once meeting with a law
maxim which I would suggest as a suitable
motto for the Pearson court-of-arms. Al
though no lawyer, it will not be deemed
impertinent in me if I here quote it. Inter
t orrna leges silent.
In the Institutes of Justician are laid
down what are considered "the precepts of
the law." I respectfully commend these
"precepts" to those individuals who now
wear the ermine : Juris praccta senit ha-o;
honeste vicere, altc
erujn noti tttrdcre. onion
cuique tribuerc. It is not to be supposed for
a moment mat some ot tne jmtires now " in
uithontv7 have the slightest acquaintance
with any ancient tougue, having so little
knowledge of their own, so I take leave to
supply a translation for their benefit, in case
these "notes" should come under their eve.
The precepts of the law are these: to live
correctly, to do an injury to none, and to
render to every one his own.
IV.
Robert Browning, the English poet, has
certainly a hard time of it among the critics.
It seems a sad fate, after writing verse in
dustriously for thirty years, and publishing
many exquisite volumes, to have his claims
as one ot the great "poets born" seriously
questioned by as able a paper as the London
Spectator. Such is the fact. In a late num
ber it says: "Great as Mr Browning is as
an imaginative writer, he is hardly a great
poet." Par contra, the London Athenaeum
pronounces the last work of Browning, "The j
lung and the Look, the greatest poem
given to the world since Milton published
his immortal "Paradise Lost." Possibly
both critics err in their judgment. Brown
ing is doubtless a "great poet," although he
may not have produced a poem that surpas
ses any that Byron, or Shelley, or Words
worth, or Coleridge, or Keats, or Tennyson
may have written.
v.
A late number of Chamber's Journal con
tains some curious and interesting informa
tion upon the "Titles of Books," which is
republished in Littell's Living Age. I will
quote a few of the most striking. "The
Heart of Aaron" was a commentary on the
Prophets. "The Bones of Joseph" was an
inti'iltU'tiAH ti tin T'llnin.t 1 f.ti'ik li ! hiiirr
II,;,,. ; !,.,,
title : "The Bhizon of -Dances, where may
be seen the Misfortunes and Kuin
arising
from Dances, from which no man ever re
turns the iser,or woman the more Modest
Uontttifni hicinu ;. u Oven of
lieautitul Uiscuits, cooked ii the then oi
m. i .,.: i,. ..,.. n.r f,-
Fowls of the Church, the Sparrows of the
Spirit, and the Swallows of Salvation." A
'K-:.;o -.Lonfi- w M,tW!l
Vu.iii, ill III put iaii.t7 (.aiciuui jui mv
"Buttons and Button Holes for Believer's
Breaches." T. B. Kixgslukv.
Oxford, X. C, March, 1S71.
SADDLE AND HARNESS
Establishment.
TI.a culvoLr li.itr s.rTi.A Kia mar'ifiptfirr
Trade Street, opposite the Xow Market House, where
he will be pk-ased to see his old Ctistoinern and all
otiicrs iuai iaav warn rooua in uis uc uj .iismcss.
..i . i -.. t. : . t:
Man-h 13, 1871
S. M. HOWELL
. -- -r A -uTOTTixT- a ht it n i
X G. M. RAMSEY. A. JsL M. D.J
... . . '
VIerttafore of Kaoe, T.uj,,)
OfRrs his pnfcional services to the tit:? ns of
Charlotte, and nwvk- wen &t lii Olnce. 2d storv,
j Springs' Corner or at his residence on Collie Htrcvt
' ISll 2.
AGRICULTURAL.
Farming ia Pennsylvania.
I. P. Trimble, of X. J., who has been
taking agricultural notes among farmers of
lne Iiandvwiue Hills, in Penn., writes
. about the ''Worth Farm," at present owned
bv several brothers, as follows:
I propose to give the history of a single
farm during the lifetime of its present own
ers showing what can be done by resolute
ly sticking to the homestead of the fathers.
It is the well-known "Worth Farm," on the
Brandywine, near the battle-fields of revo
lutionary fame. The farm originally con
tained 320 acres, but much encumbered
with a debt. This land, like nearly all the
rest in jhat region at that day, had been
worn byTheold sfyle of agriculture. The
fields grown up with sedge grass. Hedge
rows of briers and bushes a rod wide could
be seen on both sides of forlorn fences. The
crops of com were then ten, lifleen, and
sometimes twenty bushels per acre ; wheat,
from five to ten bushels. The hay of the
farm was all produced by irrigation the
rivulets being led by ditches so as to over
How a few acres.
The Live Stock and Grain.
The entire stock at that time consisted of
about ten head of cattle four or five cows
the vest calves or young animals. Xow
mark the contrast : This year, 1S70, the
stock on this farm h?.s been sixty head of
beef cattle, eight horses, six oen, aud six
cows making eighty in all. The average
crop of corn lor the last ten years has been
seventy-five shelled bushefs to the acre;
wheat, twenty-five bushels; oats, fifty bfrsh
els; and the hay crop, two and a half tons
to the acre. The wheat crop the last season
has been much under an average owing to
the excessive heat and rains of the early
summer, but the corn crop on the contrary
has far overrun that average. I have here
the certificate of the surveyor giving the
measurement of a field of thirteen acres and
sixty-one perches, and also the measurement
of tne cribs in which the crop is stored,
making the extraordinary amount of rather
more tnau 100 shelled bushels to each aero.
Barnyard Manure and Gyjjsum.
It becomes a question of great interest
to know how such, a mighty change in the
productiveness of the aoove acres could be
orought about in the lifetime of one man.
There are no marl-pits in Pennsylvania,
neither had they any alluvial meadows to
draw from for the benelit of the uplands.
But the use of lime as a fertilizer was then
becoming known in that neighborhood. It
was tried sparingly at first. Soon its value
was proved, and it has been used at short
intervals since, until between 2uo and 300
bushels have been applied to every acre.
Most of the land now seems saturated, and
it is not so often used ; still, when a field
shows any signs of failing, lime is applied.
Lime-stone is quarried in the neighborhood,
and probably underlies this farm. Plaster
(sulphate of lime) has also been used. At
, rirst it was drawn in wagons sixty miles,
j proving how much it was valued. Ditch
banks and other rich deposits were drawn
into the barnvard for cumuostmsr. Soon
i ciover grew lively under tins system, ana
where ciover grows it is the farmer's fault if
his lands are not rapidly improved. These
were the fertilizers that gave the start.
Soon the fields produced crops of the natu
ral grasses white clover and the green and
j blue grasses. Where these grasses grow,
grazing becomes the most profitable use of
land, and for sixtv years the feeding of beef
cattle has been the preliminary ooject on
the Worth farm.
A Mixed Husbandry.
The beef, like the butter, prodtK-ed on the
Brandywine region has long been highly
prized in the Philadelphia market, and com
manding the very highest prices. This sys
tem of grazing has not only been profitable
as a business,, but the best possible system
for the land taking off less l ban other
crops. Hay or straw are never sold, and
even the grain is chiefly fed upon the farm.
The original farm buildings were mere
sheds, in 1809, when the lune began to tell
its story, a barn, 40 feet by 70, was built.
It was in the Pennsylvania style a double
decker. The neighbors who assted at the
raising all said it would never be filled ; but ;
in ten years more room was required, and a
hay-house, 24 by 50 feet, was added, and
this also was soon filled; now there are
great stacks besides.
Potation of Crops.
The rotation of crops on the Worth Farm
is corn, oats, wheat, and clover, but the lat
ter is soon crowded out by the natural grass
es, which not only take but hold possession
e saw neuls ot ineeii crass that have not
i been piongucu ior ininv years, pucnasoai
. i i - i . w . l . i
I 1S l niaSS ot Srass ,0ot J,ml bc,n tunled
under but a lew inches decays in time to fer
tilize the growing corn ; ami as the chief
part of the feeding roots of that crop are
I 1 ! . .1 .-J l I
i sod so ploughed finds the right food in the
. .... , ,, .
' right place and 1 10 shelled bushels to the
.......
j acre ys o. incident (
j vt, illustrating one cause of
t worth relating. We visited th
A little incident during our
success, is
the cow van!
during miUmg lime. It was Sunday even
ing
fne dress of farmers best suited for
work is not such as thev wear to meeting.
.... , . ' . .1 -
ihevouug heir clone portion of this prince-
i . , i i i i ;.;.. . r
lv estate had donned a hoe fitting su.t of
, i . i i .i
coarse material over his lirst-day clothes,
ii f a ii
and was one ot a mrty of hve, m.lking
( tliirf r If nru tria ti ftv lit ili'lt inn tit
, .,roSperitv without a word haid. "Come,
i ' , i r,,,,,,,,,,,,! roc-l, ,
'v
i come in obedience to that call. Some far-
.' ..m.vw . ... . .... . .... . x. w
i mer' sons say "come, boys," in the bar-
rooms or taverns, and sooner or later the
, . .i i ..i
j snerju comes. vjoiusinuu s pieacurr ai-)
, d ,Q brf ler worM anJ lhe
j ' '
: J-Zrtni of Cultivable Lind.
Worth farm lias not only grown in
' pro-Juctivenes,, but has iacread fn size in
the same proportion. In 1817, 85 acre'
were added, costing $ 100 per acre, making
$4,500; in 1325, 93 at 50, 4,650; in 1833, .
93 at 80,7,540; in 1852, 93 at $98, 49,-
114; ia lt67, 240 at $133, $32,500; making
a total of $57,304. The farm now being
nearly 900 acres, divided into four part,
and managed under the supervision of tho
owners, by the four young men of the fami
ly. The number of acres under cultivation
ia 1870 has been about 150; 132 have beea
mowed; about 50 in timber; leaving about
500 in grass for grazing. The stock of 1 870
was 60 head beef cattle, 106 head cowa, 16
head oxen, 18 head young cattle, 22 head
horses, 50 head sheep, and 116 large and 45
small hogs, making a total of 433 animala
poultry in vast numbers not included.
Manual Laborers and Wages.
Tho question was asked, "Have you
trouble in getting all the labor you want?
4N'ot any," was the reply. Wages were
about $;o a month or $240 a year, including
board. The married men had houses, gar
dens, cow pasture, lire-wood, and other priv
ileges ; that is, a laborer who is faithful is as
weil as paid, and made as comfortable as be
can expect ty be as a laborer, and he seldom
changes. e see uo Irishmen on these farms.
Young men of fortune often go there to learu
agriculture practically, and they work and .
tnus get knowledge worth having. Of
course, labor is economized as much as pos
sible by machinery. The cutting and se
curing of two hundred or three huudred ton
of hay in the old way would cost immense
labor, but with the mower, tedder horse
rake and fork, it is comparatively easy, and
tickle weather is not uow a cause of so much
anxiety. Since railroads bring cattle from
the tar West, making beef has not been so
profitable in the Eastern States. Formerly,
cattle kept nine or ten months were expect
ed to bring at least double what they cost.
Last year a steer weighing 1,100 pounds
cost, at c cents per pound, 7L50. Such -."
steer is expected to increase to 1,500 pounds, .-.
and when sold at 8 cents making $56
profit per head, and as these cattle usually .
receive about ten bushels of corn meal each,
in the latter part of the winter, the profit is
much less thaii making butter or selling milk.
Making Putter and Cheese.
Butter-making, however, involves to "
much care and labor upon the iemale por
tion of the family that it has not been adopt
ed on this farm. A year rgo one of tho
young men resolved to try cheese-making.
A factory was built, three of the four divis
ions of the farm were stocked with ninety
six cows, neighbors contributed the milk of
seventy or eighty more. I have hero a
specimen of the cheese, audjsme8jtaijsUcV..
of the business. This statement, however,
is only the account of thirty-five cows kept
on one of the divisions of the farm. Profits
of thirty-five cows from the first of third
month, 1S70, to first of first month, 1871,
thirty-five calves, $212; commenced mak
ing cheese April 17 and ended November
lb; milk in that time, 158,785 pounds
making 10,413 pounds cheese, or $2,487.44 ;
milk sold from November 18 till January 1,
171, -3,471 quarts, at 7 cents, $242.97; the
pigs fed upon the whey will make a clear
: piout ui ruw. im uwk j uiuhi, oi jupi.
about $100 dollars er cow charging each
cow as he did all others with the expense of
manufacture, 2 cents per pound.' '
The Soil and Cultivation.
The elder brother told us that they had
discovered early in their experience that
deep ploughing was injurious and it had
been given up. Now they plough about
four or live inches. In breaking up the sod
they usually plough around an entire field.
In some places they are compelled to go up
i steep hills, and some of these are also stony.
Ploughing a stiff sod under such, circum- ;
stances is almost impossible, and it is often
mere scratching. These portions, however, ,
are thoroughly harrowed and planted with
the rest of the field these spots are usually -found
to produce the best corn. These
accidental lessons have taught thcra to ex
periment further, and they have gradually
diminished the depth of the furrow until,
judging by the somewhat convincing argu- H
ment of 1 JO shelled bushels to the acre, they,
have got just about right. '
Lucerne.
Lucerne makes the earliest green feed ;
that can be had, and happy is he who has a
little lot of it from which to cut for his cat
tle and working stock. Few persons in
this section have ever sown it, or seen it,
but for all that, it is richly worth what it
costs. From the middle of 31arch to the
1st of July it yields bountifully the sweeteet
and richest green food and may be cut over
t , .. , , P . ., . ... , - .
close to the trround lour or six times. Unce
! estauiisneu in irooa oii u viu last lor iwen-
.. . . . ...
ty years or more with the leant possible at- 4
tention.
Don't try it unless you have rich ground,
plenty of manure, ana will plough deep and'
pulverize. Its roots are large aud go deep.
,. . L. ,
i cover Ughtlv, and keep it reasonably free
t ' . . .,
from weeds and trrass eboeciallv while oanc. -
Sow any time from middfe of January -to
middle of March. Xo plaut or gra catt 1
grow related crops of luxuriant green,
without rich and deeo toil to draw from,'
j Lucerne comes earlier, and is most grateful
and oenenciai to an soias oi ihocil uu.asiv
u,m "- 1
iasjed the winter on drv forage, ror nor-
t l . . .. .;.i w, j
i si's ami mules it is a capital alterative, ana
j V:. 1 ,Ff ,.;. ,
' JjrilJlZ till 2X ftlJv v u . v nan v s u.vv
. """b a
I " ' ... I
i l , m,,u .
i Lucerne is
of rich milk.
of the clover tribe and likes .
.. .
lime soils, but proper manuring will se-
cure a profit from it on even very light sand.
Manner of the Soutft.
T- . , , ,. r-
j
i from t lie fact that they are likely to Iirs
about ten years longer than wive, if Dr.
llertmuller, a German physician, wiyi what
; U true. l;alh,r poor ,-omfort.