THE MIXERS’ AND FARMERS’ JOURx\AL. rOETRV. SriMRLUJHT. I love the otarlight, for thu «ky 1* blue and briflit, And all the thoUBUidi s^ar-beatns lie, Tocfcther blended on mine eye, 111 MIC kind light And thoii2h I love the moon, when aha * Hath puled them all, Sheeting the sky, like earth and sea, In her more siin^de uiujesty. With silver pall. I sometimes wish that she were gone. That 1 might look Upon the stars, as one by one They flash, like jewel truths, upon High Heaven’s book. Ye signal fires along the deep Of trackless air,— Far watchers of a world asleep,— Ye long have kept and long shall keep Your vigils there; Whose wand’ring spirits wheel their flight With songs acd lyres, From star to star, in robes of white. And find a day without a nighty Among your fires. Shine on until the latter day Of doom shall come : And then, when earth has (ia.wj away. Let every star shoot down a ray To guide us home ECTIcTv^T" _ From the National Intelligcncer. Mk.‘'sks. KmroRs: The following brief sketch of U ASHiMiTON is from the pen of James K. Casky, of Clermont, near Bulli- more. I iiavc taken it from the letters of tliat gentleman to an estt'eined and valued friend, who has long been a rc8j)ectal>le re sident of this city. “WA.SHINGTOX. “ There is not the slightest thing con- IK'Cted with tl»e memory of Washington which his countr)' desires to forget. Even this (>vaise, simple as it iinduubtedly is, has never yet been rrached by any other chief- tiiin, within the admitted records of human virtue. Thus history presents him iu all the remarkable siugiciiess, and the undissem- bied grandeur, of his nature. Cold>bIoxiHJ be has been called. Cold-blooded! Whut share have the passions in the c6niposition of greatness? The passions, merely of; themselves, or in their ordinarj acceptation, cun have no share in the com}X)sition of greatness; but the passions, as forces, act ing upon, and aiding the mmd, without ab solutely controlling its determinations, b?- come to •■•an the precious sources of all that i is great or noble in sentiment and in action.: This was the patriotism of Washington— I the love of our countr\-—that relink and : raised principle of public honor, that subtle ; thing which combines and confounds our j pride with our felicity, and which, at the | call of danger or of glorj", quickens into ^ life and energy all tbs dormant greatness of an empire. 'J'hese were the passions ofj Washington—the blended interests of wis dom, of virtne, and of genius. These were l?ie passions of Newton in tho closet, of Chatham m the Cabinet, of Clay in the Se- rate, and of Washingto-v every where, wlicther adoring his God in the forest, or defending his countr}' iu the field. His am bition, too, was chaste as the moimtain snow —unstained even by the blood of an enemy wantonly shed. He won the p«jpularity of his country, without touching her revenues —he wielded her power, without exciting her suspicion ; and, by the common consent of mankind, he has sustained, if not exhaas- ted, the highest [niblic honors of the world. In his time, nullification would have lieen still born. Contemporaneously it assur- fcilly could not have existed even for a sin gle month ; and the vulpine policy, the ea ger seivility of the day, which, at home or abroa«l, bloats the honor of the land, would iisclf have withered before the stern and the iaaudible glance oftlEORui: VVashi.ngton. “Whenever or however we look at the character of W'ashin;'ton, it is always up right, always true and vertical, even to the utmost point which bounds our view of hu man affairs. Ilcnca it is that his fame, in all places, at all times, and under each and every vicissitmle of political conflict, has uniformly and ditccfly found its way to the hearts of the people. Even the nation whose power and prowess of seven long years were rebuked liy his steady genius, is now rising up in honest adniirat’.oii of his lalx>rs, his victories and his virtues. It was his glory, and his alone, to regenerate those whom he subdued. His mind was distinct, his purpose fair, his power invincible. His fMlucation was iilain and sound. He gave himoelf entirely up to (he service of his country. In tem[)er [lerfeftly cheerful.— la taste, too, sutliciently refined, without curiouL-ly prying into those rich treasures ond undoubted gems of the intelUxt which lie entoml)etl in the dead languages. Ro mans buried, in one common grave, th; Kpirit and the barbarism of confjuered na tions. Washington respected all that was great, and rew.-rvcd all that was wise, even in the institutions »f tlie foe. He caught the lightning, whilst he siiencc'l thu thun ders, of the enemy.” Prince Midnight.—At a late lecture de- livered by Mr. H. K. Dwighf, at Clinton Ha’ll, on the political condition of Kurofte, he had fjccasii-n to touch on the character of Metternich, the prime Minister of Aus- tria. He depicted him as a man devoid of ov-‘ry prinfMple of rectitude; anl the most inimitablo liar in the world—but tdliug hi.«j lies with .«uch a grace, and so making the worst appear the better reason, a» to over reach every bixly with whom he oamc in contact. He called him the nnvnarch of Eiiro[)c; and declared he exerciscd greater power than Napoleon had ever done in the height of his glory. He said he had spir« in every court of Ihc continent—embracing men in every station, from (ho noblcaun to the humble waiter—from the highest to the lowest; that his system oi’ espionage entered into the semiiiatiofe of learning, making the professors spies ujwn their stu dents, and the students upon the professors —and every liody spies upon one another. Ho said that he had lieen untiring in his emicavoi-s to extinguish intellectual light and glimmering of liberty among the peo ple ; and t'lat hence, he was sometimes called among tlio (icrinans, Prince stiller- niicht—signifying in Engli.sh midnight— an appropriate name for one who was en deavoring to involve the world in complete darkness. He declared that his influence was greater than had lK!en tiiat of all the Jesuits put together in tiie time of the gii;at- »!st power. Witli all tins inlluence, ho rep resented him as not only destitute of all public truth and honesty, but as a man of the most notoriously IkuI private character; the great secret of his inlhience lieing i!ie paying every man his price, who is willing to act as uniier-viliaiti or petty t \ rant to the great liead and chief. X. {.'onstclhition. From the Chiitlian Alnuinne for 18.S2. The great bulk of mankind must always get their living by cultivating the Soil. 'I’he character of fafmers, therefore, settles the charactcr of tho community in general.— The profits of farming are slow, but sure. The goo] larnicr grows rich simply by the increased vahio which he every year gives to his farm. His buildings and fen ces are yearly growing better, his cattle growing lietter, his toois growing l»etter, his soil growing bt'tfor. His debts also growing less, and his business more easy of managemcU; so that by the time of life in which care becomes burilensonie, he gen- emlly finds himself in a situation to travel tho downhill of life with a good degree of comfort. The poor farmer, on the other hand, is tho reverse of all this. His atiiiirs, so tar as they dejiend on his niaiia:;enM'iit, grow worse and worse. His fixtures decay, and are patched up s» as to do for the present; his soil is impoverished ; his debts increase; his cares and perplexities multiply ; and he i finds himself, when old age untits him for i the burden, obliged to mortgage, or sell his i tiirm, and to live on thu pittance which his j properly has gained in value by the rise ot prices around him. 1’he greatest calamity to a farmer is a t heavy debt. A fire is nothing to it, Ije- caus- the flames do not exact interest. Th.? eye of the master «loes more work than Ixjth his hands; but it must lie an eye wide awake. There is a di.Tercrice between eyes and no eyes. To save expense and la'oor is ready mo ney in alt business; but in rirnting it is ready money with interest, liocause it saves time, which is more valuable than money. General Diviiiionx oj" a Farm. 1. Assign as much ot your farm to the plough as you can manure thoroughly, with ; plaster or strong manure. 2. Keep no more for mowing than you can conaihie on your farm with profitable stock, unless in the neighborhood of some large town, wht-re the sale of hay will pur chase manure. 3. Keep no more stock upon your farm than you can keep well. 4. If it is an object to incrnasc pnstunigc, it can be done by division fences to a very great extent. Iforxm. Let every horse you keep Ik? a goofl one, because ho eats no more than n common, hack, and he will do more service, aiul sell lor something if you wish to part with him. A /irodiictice Finn. The Alms House farm in iSahim, .Mass., contains 3-j acres. In it was in a wild state, and covered with rocks. 'I'he pau|)ors of the town wcrn placed ii[K>n it, under tlie care of .Mr. i’oint ( ptoii. In 1''!’^, the produce was as lollows, viz. p>rk killed, weight, 7,!*fi0 poiuuls ; I J live pigs sold On hand, -u pigs, 100 bush els of corn, bushels of potatoes, 900 IiubIicIs of turnips, 3 tf»ns of scjuashCi:, und oO tons of puiiif/kins, Ix.'siiles fiirni«hmg all the common summer vewntables of the aims house. In a few years the exjiensc of the public poor were reduced from ten thousand dollars a year to less thari one hundred dol lars, besides a great increase of good order, morality and happiness. The Scifnre of Iluxharulrtj. All nature is governed by fixed laws or principles, and the true art of hiislmndry consists in a correct knowledge of thes! principles, with their a[>plication to every plant, every soil, and every change in the season. 'I’iie design of cultivation is to assist na ture. AVe govern nature only by obeying her laws. 'I'liere is no soil so gfKxl but it may b»: exhausted and riiirn;d by bad tillage; and there is none so bad but it may be rendered I'citilu U’it can U; bwarded. . '! . J|»"' !'. . '■^'-■1' \ Cri.TlV.\TItN OF S1I.K. I have Urtig and eurnestly devoted much tiine mid attention to thi^ subject, from a conviction, that the United Htotes at large, particularly the Sf-uth^irn and Mildle States, and more particularly the Eastern Shore of MarjMnd and Virginia, und the State of Delaware, are well adapted to this s|«*cies of agricultiM-al production ; and that tho ma ny millions annually sent abroad tor Silk in its various forms, might 1h' saved to the country without any material addition to its expense or labor. I have for several years kept Silk Worms and iiianugcd them thro' tho wliide process, and therefore speak from practical knowledge. It is a fact, which ought to be published and circulated through- fiut this union, that one acre of land will produce in Silk more than double the value that it will in any other production what ever: and this too with less labor than the same land would require iu the prrnluction of any other crop. It is stated, and I be lieve ii|)on good authority, that lour acn-s of land planted with Mulberry near Boston, have supplied food forasnmiiy Silk Worms as n.ado 4vi0 [lounds of Silk, worth three dollars and fift) cents a poutui—the four a- cn's jirotlucuig fourteen hundred and seven ty dollars ; and all the lalior was jwrformcd by fimrgirls, whose attention was rcqui.'x-d but for a short |>eriod in the year. Now whore is the land and what else is the aiti tle, that will alford such a product, with s«) little lalx'r? 'I'he whole process is extreme ly simple, so much so, that children and suj>cranniiated servants, are as capable of attending to it as any other pprsyjn; and I would suggest, that the iK'cupants of our I’lKir House, and those of similar institu tions throughout the country, could not bt> b*-ttOr or more profitably employed than in the culture of Silk. 'I’he farm attached to our Ahr/s-Housf; would not oidy maintain the pau|M!rs of the City and County, but re turn a hundsjnie revenue to the trexsury.— It is hoiK'd that this stiggesiion will receive the attention it dcsorvcs from the propir authorities. 'I'he opinions as to the liest mo!e of plant ing anti cultivating the 'ilulU-rry, are vari ous. Either of the fL.llowing, however, ap pears to the w riter to poss».*ss all the neces- s.iry advantages: Fir.'t, sow the wed hroatl-ciift, and the sccond year the young plant will Sc‘ fit for ^>0*1 lr the Worms, when it may l>e mowed as wanted, like clo ver, and the whole of tlie shrub will lie w» tenticr that the worms will eat the greater part of it. S'cond, st)W the stred in drills, and allow the shrulis to attain the height of three to four foct, which will retpiin' thrf'C years, when the leaves, tftgeihcr with the lender part of the branches, may Iw gather- »•(!, as wunit'd, (itr the Worms. In this pro cess, the shrubs should be k»-pt from attain ing t>o great a height, l.y cutting oil' the toj) limlK, which niiiy lie used for feeding the W orms. 'I’he latter prf>ecss admits of culturing for the purpose of keeping down weeds and nurturing the young trees.— Uoth *if these proct.sM-s are adapted to ex tensive estaldisiniients, and pruhably pro duce more Mulljorry foliage than the same ground would do if of;rupieil with full grown trees, Iwsides Siiving the lalior neccssarily retpiired by the latter in gathering the leaves. I'or small establishment', for tiirmers, and tliose who have large trees already growing, full grown trees may lie used, tlie lalior of gathering the leaves l>eing, in their case, the only objection to them. 'I'ho 11 hilv Mulbcrrtj is generally pre|;rred, and [>ro- bably makes the finest .Silk ; though the common Black has been found to answer very well. Directions fur Ike mannsrmrnt of the Silk U’orm. In the Spring, when the teni|>erature is at "0^ or upwards, ami the .Mull>err\ leaves of the sizo ofa silver dtdiar or largiT, bring out tho eggs and lay ihem on the table pre pared fir that purpose, in a «lry airy room, partially darkened. In from four to eight flavs the worms will Ic.ivo the eggs. They will be about the siz'’ of tiio smallest of the little red ants that inli'st our hous€!s. Im mediately prfx;ure a few .MullK:rry leaves and la\ them close beside the Worms, tal;- iii;» care not to cover the eggs w ith them, as there will lie many not hatched, which the leaves would cxil and probably prevent, certainly rr:tarfl in the process of hatching. \stlist as the leaves liocomc wiltetl, lay on fresh onT, and once in three days remove the dry leaves and rubbish, v\hicb you will lie enabled to do by laving the fresh leaves lieside the dry ones, when tho W'orms will h’ave tho latter and take to the former.— Fresh leaves will be required three times a day for the first twenty days, after which they ought to lie laid on as often night and day as they are devoured f>r liecoiiie dry, and after this time the dry rmes need not be removed, as they w ill Ih‘ ho nearly consum- • ■d, and the Worms will have become so vi^jorous, that no injury will be derived by the Worms from them. ’I’he leaves must l>e free from wet and lilth when given to the W'orms. 'I’he weather ought to lie pleasant and s/ tllefl b(:fore the eggs are brou:ht out for hatching. 'I'he rtioin must b« free from to bacco smoke or other efiluvium, and per sons must not bf; [lermitted to bn^aihe on the vvrjrins, as they are very sensitive, and the human breath is very otl!>nsive even to irormH “ of a larger grow th.” Ifa cold sfKdl of weather hap|K.'n, a little fire must be kept in the r>om, as also if it lie very damp—in the latter case, a little pulveri/^d sult|R-tre, say half a suiull thimble full, uhuuld be sprinkled on a shovel of fircconls in the middle of the room, (.’are must be taken to keep anis from the worms, as I have had fiill grown worms not only killed, but en tirely devoured in one night by the com mon little red ant. At fii-st a thousand worms will only re quire lialf a dozen leaves at a time, which sliouhl Ix^ torn in pieces, the more widely to diMributethem; after the twentieth day, they w ill eat a full grown leaf each in the course of the day, and ot\eii more. You will find it a great advantage to give them as much as thi-y can eat, night and day af ter the UOth day from hatching-—they will iK'gin to spin the sooner for it. About the (ith, 10th, 10th and 2'Jddays the worms will shed their skins, at which times they ap pear stupid and sickly. If at any lime nny of the worms are sick, which w ill lie easily observed, remove them to another table, as there is danger that they wilt infect the oth ers. 'J'he worms must not be too much crowdetl on the table; a thousand, full grown, will require a table three feet wide and twelve long. ■ Bt tween the JJflth and 30th the worms b'gin to spin, and must be atttinded to ac cordingly. 'I’hey will cease eating, wan der about, become partially traiispamit in their bodies, and leave fibrc-s of silk, resemb ling those of a spider, tin the leaves in their path, 'i’hese thingsobser\c*d, lift ihe worm exhibiting them, L\ means ofa leaf on which It is fovmd, and carry it to twigs or leaves pn |>ared for it, which will lie descrilied presently—it will stion begin to spin, and I'eipiircs no further atti ntiort till its cocoon or kill of silk is completed. Tliere are various things for the worms to spin on, the best of which, according to my e.riierienceaie c/a.'!«ti/ haves, (.iatlter a p;iri*v.-l tif cheiJiiut twigs well hung with leaves, and lay them on a table near that on which the worms are fet ding, and when a worm begins to spin place it on the ches- nut leaves. 'I'he leaves wIhmi gathered gretjn, soon b»-jjin to curl, and the worm will spin its cocixjn in its cavity. W here clies- nut leaves are not at hand, chinquopin, or chf^stiut oak will answer. Another mode is to gather siobII twigs, such as are used for stable brooms and ue&ve them into little arbors, trees, Ac. and place the worms on them. Some erect these arbors, d:c. on the table with the Worms, and leave the worms to cliii.h of their own accord, when they are prepiired to spin ; but i have found it l«?tter, esjiecially in the management of a small number, to place the woriiis oo the bu«hes niysell". 'I’he worms that begin to npin each day, should lie kept so|ianite, and on the Bth tlay from the commencenient of spinning the co coons or balls of silk, should l>e removed, and those intended for silk, '-tripi>ed of tin* loose coarse silk, calletl tow, must be put in an oven about half heated, and Uiked fi>r half an hour, for the piir|H> « of smothering the insccts, which, if not thus killed, w ill work out of the cocoon and spoil the silk. Care mii.it li*j taken that tl»e oven iic iMit hot enough to scorch the siik. After this the cocixiris may l>e laid away for reeling. 'I’hecoeiKins t'rom w hich the eggs are ex pected for a future crop, mu^t be taken on the Hth day from the comnieiicement of spin ning and laid in rows about a foot ajwirt on white paper, either on th« tliKirof a dry ai ry chamber or on a table. 'I’hroi! or four cocoons may lie liesideeach other, the w hole touehinj' lengthwinfr, in a row. In from to 12 days, (he worm will have changed its form to that tif a gray ish liutlerily or miller, and will come out of the cocoon; and in 21 to :(> hours the female will com mence laying eggs on the pajK-r b* tween the rows c)f cocoons. 'I’here will l>o abtiut an eipial iiiinil>er of males and ftmiales, anil each lemah-will lay Hlioiit l'»0 egc;s, ofat first, a iK-auti.iil sulphur color, alxiut the size of rnustaid seed. In a lay or two, the eggs liccome of u blii«ish black color, to the naked eye, but when s'en through a microscojic, they are lieautifiilly speckled, like stinic kinds of binl's eg;s. 'I'host; that remain yellow or of a sulphur color, have not lieen fecundated by the male, nnil are good for nothing. As the Hies ceah” lay ing, the eggs must U; removed on the pn|HT to a cool dry place for future use. It is not necessary to keep them in a tempt.rance of 4'i or i'lO degr(!es to prevent their s|)oiling as has lieeii asserted ; the only injury they are liable to fmm a high tenqierature is that of hatrhintr, which, after the Spring, they will not lie apt to do in any teni|M;ra- ture lower lhan 7.'i deg. 'I’hey ought to bo kept in a dry place to prevent mildew which would Im* injurious, protected from insects, and where they will have the benefit of air. 'I’he Hies out nothing after leaving the co coon and die m a fewdaysafterlay ing their eggs. 'I'he cocoons from which you ex[)oct silk, after having bc‘on baked, as alnive, may Ik; reeled at any time after your attention to Ihe other parts of the process ceases, Ibr whi( h pur[n)se, [Hit alioiit fifly of theiii into a kettle of water of a temperature so high only as you ni.iy put your hand in wilhont acaulding,(at which it must be steatlily kept, by means ofooalsunder the kettl‘,)ai)d with a wisp of twigs stir them alnAit briskly till you observe Ihe end ofa fibre of silk stick ing to it, when you must secure it and pro ceed as b'fore until you have as many fibres as yt.u wish fiir a strarnl of the threail you intend, say 15 or 20, then join them and' at tach Ihoin to a reel and wind olf the silk, carefully observing whca a libre breaks to j secure it or another that the thread may not be diminislied. Some only wind 4, 5, or 0 fibres in a strand, and doublb tho strand after reeling. The bars of the reel should be pretty long, that you may spread out the silk without letting the strans touch until the first laid on be dry, as th« gum in Ihe silk will make them adhere. In this way proceed till you have reeled all the co coons. 'J’he silk may now be wound from the skein into balls and twisted with a com mon .spinning wheel, and doubled, as may be retiuired for sewing thread,' or twist for weaving; atler which, it must be boiled for four or live hours in water in w hich a little soap is put, and then well rinsed in clear water for the purpose of freomg it from tl»o gum with which it is incumbered, when the silk will be for use. It will be white of cotirse, and if other colors are wanted it must be dyed. It is projier hero to remark that the Silk culture is naturally divided into two bran ches, both of which can hardly be advan tageously combined in the same establish ment, w hen carried o»i a large scale—tho production of cocoons, being the first, and the remainder of the process the second. When the culture of silk shall become ex tensive, factories ought, and no doubt will be establishetl, to purchase the cocoons and manufucture the silk. It may be calculated that an acre of ground will atlurd mulberry leaves enough to pro duce from /iO to I.'iO pounds of silk ; Thai 1000 worms will proiliice from half a pound to a pound of silk; that fitly pounids of loaves w ill be required to feed 1000 worms, and that a common fiill grown mulberry tree will atlord from one to two and .some times throe hundrtnl pomids of leaves. A tree the toliage of which, if well and thick ly set, will rnojiHure ten feet stpiare as it stands, bo calculated toaHord lOU (MHiodsof leaves without injury to it^ health. It v^ill lie oUwrveil that these diroctimis arc intended only for the management of u small number of worms by farmers and tithers who intend only to make a few pounds of silk annually; the deviation from them, however, requiri'd in the conduct of extensive establishments arc very simple, and will suggest themselves. They are merely the pmviding ofa separate house a- da|*tol to the |iurposo, with appropriate ta llies, in the form of shelves, fijr the accom- ilation of the worms, und a few others of little moment. GIDEON B. S.MITII. The irny to l^oterty.—A farmer in Mas sachusetts has given a short history of his exjierience in actjuiring and loosing proper ty. About :.*0 years ago he began with lit tle, and by industry and ecouomy adiled something to his property every year—* liuilt a house, tht>n a Inrn, bougiit several lots of land, and though he had a large fam ily, continued to thrive, until he owned a g'KHi (nrtn and convenient buildings, and owed no man a cent. All things went on nell until a neighlK)ring farm wsis otlered for sale, w hich he purchastHl; ho paid tor a part of it from his-)wn fimds, and borrow ed the remainder at the bank. This was the first step in the down-hill roaii. W lien the iKink debt came due he wont to another bank and liorrowtn] m»mey to pay the first; he cttntiiiued to run from bank to bank for some time, tlie ilebi constantly increasing. Ho now concluded to try speculation, in or- tlor to extricate himself from his embarrass ment; he obtained more money from tho banks, and purcliased droves of cattle, sheep, and hogs, in the western country, which ho •hove lo Brighton and other markets; lie hist money on every drove, and became more and more involved; he mortgaged one of his farms to the Hospital Life Insur ance (.'ompany, l>ut this did not save him, his personal prop«‘rty was attache*! and s.)iti at aiiclion, his n al estate went to pay hi:* creditors, and in a few years nearly all his properly was gone. He concludes his com- iniiiiication with the following warning :— “ Let all w lio are not under the same ron- (leiiiiiation take warning by me, and flisi from the liaiiks, and Boston loans, or pov erty and misery await them.’’ Trtrr\rnrlous Erplosiort.—'Hie dimstroin effects of gunpowder was very forcibly ex hibited t>n 'I’hursday evening lost, at tlin store of Mr. Harvey KoT}iia,in the town of (treonsburgh, in this countv. About seven o'clock, the owner having (eft the store (or a few niiiiiitcs, the fire from Ihe stove by some means cominmicated to a cask of pow der, which expltxlcd with a tiomendous nols«'‘, deinolisliitig the store and .scattering Its contents anil fragments in every direc tion. Providentially, no pi.-rson was in or near the building at the moment of the ac- ciilent; a sheti adjoining, containing hay, caught fire, but was soon extinguished.— 'I’he pocket InKikof Mr. R. containing sev eral hundred dollars in bills, was fimnd in the field, a eonsid(^^lbI* distance from tliO scone of desfriiclion. 'I’he conclusion pro- (liM cd by this explosion was felt fi>r miles round, and excited a good tieal of astonish ment among the inhahitanls. Wfxtehinter lIcrnhL sm:fiIPFS’ DKKDS, l.'iiidH wilil for 'I’uxi’n; ('or r.ioiiU w>M under It ot'I'ii ri I'licihfi; uiiil lor (/iiuis sold umli r u \\ rilol' \ uililiwiii lixponah—for nuIb nt this t lllire. Warrantee l)enh- f,r r.mie (if ij,is Otfiee,

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