HOERS’ & FARMERS’ JOURMAli.
PRlN rEO AM) i*IJOLlNllJ-J> KVKHY SATIillDAY, BY THOMAS J. H)LTON....CIIAKJX)'n'E, MIX KLKNlliiKG CHNTY, NOIMIM AROLl.NA. "
VOI^ III*
I WILL TKACH VOt> TO fllRCE THX BOWELH Or Tl.t FARTH *K„ «K..N« OWT fROM T„K .-AVKHNH .,K THK
SiTt)RI>AV, 1 r.i,
.H WIilCFI WIIX (JIVK SrUtNOTlI 10 OUR IU.ND8 AND Ri;BJ>:CT ALL NATURE TO OUR U« AND PLKAiil
OR. JOHNSON.
NO. 126.
TU£
Jinerv’ ik FnriuerN’ Journal
I pruiU^ pskli"***** «»*^y H«turd«y uiorning
L| jipf I)»iUT$ p«r aunum, if paid ill advance ;
TVm DM*r$ and Fifiy Ctnts if not paid io ad-
I TMCf;
JVKRTISKMKNTS will be inaertcd at Fifty
\kd\» per aqoare (not exceeding !K* Itne*,) for Umi
fint iniertiuo, u>l ^ eenU for each lucoet-ding
I ^erk—or •! for weoka, for one .quare.—
A hbrrai ditcount will be made to tliow: who
1 »dTcrtJ«cbytbjff*r. iCrOnalladverti»enienU
I eOBuiiunicaled for iniblication, th«* number of
i UMrrtioni niuat bo noted on the margin of thr
^ niaauM-ript, or thejr will be continued until
forbid, and cbargrd accordingly.
I * All coniniubicatiaoi to the F^itor oiu«t comc
fVrpof or they may not be at>pnd»d to.
Till-: MABKiri'N.
( HARLtSTON. FKB. 4. 1«3.
Cotton. Sea UUnd, 19 a 30; ufdand, new, 10 a
kO{. Rice, prinir, 3 a S* i inKrrior to gnnd, ‘.'i a
Ij; Fbiur. »opcrfin«, • a 00; Corn, & a 67
[M*. Whiakry, 35 a 36; N. K. Kuin,
id' 3tl a ^; Apple Brandy, 40 a 4V; Ik-c*.
_a,’i7 a IBs Tillow,Carolina, II a 11^; Alack,
el, Na 1, 6i; N» % 5i; Bacon, 6 a 7; llami,
, a 19) : Lard, 8 a ; Naila, cut, 5j a C cent*
13 a 16; Bale Rop., 6 a lU c«nU;
(iiiie brandy, 150 a ‘JUO; Holland (•ib, lOU a
i; Iron, Kumu and 8vt(d«a, 94 a 4^ per llw.;
[,irrruool,in bajr«ol'4 bu»h. 1| a I]; to bulk,
I a OO; T. loland, 4^ a ^far, Havana, 10
II); brown, 7 a S{ H(. Croix aad Jaw. 7 a U);
Foindextor) wliut authority ho had to
say that tho |«s»age of any bill rrduciug
tho TanfT would avert the enforcement ol
the Ordinance of South Carolina Ho was
unwilling to consider that fcknator as the
reprenentative of the unliiniled authority
and sovereignty ciainied by tho State of
South Carolina. He would now presMit
to thv Senate a view of the position in which
South Caruiinu had pluced hersolf, in order
to justify the Committee in reporling the
so surely will force follow the uttein|>t to
di.«obey the laws of Soutli.(Jarolinn. In
tho luMt paragraph of the Urdiiiuncc is this
paiWJipf*;
“ Determined to support this Ordinance
nt every hazard.”—and this declaration is
made by a courngrous and chivalrous peo
ple—we “dofurtht'r decliire that we will
not submit to tho ap[>licution of force, on
tho part of the I'ederal (ioveriiiiient, to
reduce this State lo obedience.” 'I'hi.s al-
bill under considerution. It wa« not,-sir, j tempt, naid .Mr. \V, is not nia(U(i>y tliis bill,
for the |Hirpose of ebtablishiii|{ u military jor by any one. " Hut that we will consid-
de»j)otism, nor of creating an armied Die- |er the passage !iy ('ongress, of any act au-
tator, nor of seiidinK South Carolina ihorizinjr the eniployment of a iinlilary or
mihlury bands to “cut tho throuts of wo- j naval force a;»ainsl Ihe State of South (’n-
in!U aivl childreD,” that the Committee rolma, her ron.'-tiiuted authorities or citi-
framed the bill. !f any thing cun ever zens; or any nrt aljoiisthins or closing the
establbh a military despotism in this coun- ‘ ports of tliin State, or any of tliein, or
try, it IS Ihe uiuinhy and conlusi.in which
the principles contended for by the Senator
from South (.'urolina Mill produce. If we
keep lo^'etlicr, not “ ten years,” nor lens of
thousands of years will ever biin^ the
country undT the doniiiiion of military
diiMpotiMn. But adopt thj prim iples of
South Carolina, break the I'moo into fra;;-
mcnis—w>me chietUin ina\ hrinjf tne fraji-
menls lo^-ther—but it will Ite under a mil*
itary de«p>li«>m. He would nut say that
S uth Carolina CfHttempiuted this result,
olh'Twi-e ol)ftlru tin{j the (V(;e ingress and
e^jress of vessels to and from the said |>orts,
nr any other act on the part »>f tho I'eJeral
IJovermnent, to coerce the State, shut up
her ports, dotroyor haruis her commerce,
or to f iifi.rre the acts hereby declared to
Ik‘ null and void, otherwi;**- than thr.uigh
the t ivil tribunals of the country, Bs incon
sistent with the longer contuiuance of South
Carolma in the I'liion.”
Force iruM ine\iiab!y be used in ease
any attempt IS m;ide bv the I'l'deral (lov-
Uil he did Mly that lu r priiicifileti wfwjld ernntent lo enlon e the ac ts which have
.^^.Irkana, 6) a ; MolaMca, Cuba, 5W a 3W; ; le«d to it. 8iulh Caioluia, not bfung able ! Ix en declared null and void.
,0»i«'«u4, 3U a 33 i Cuffee, iiriuiegncn, 14 a 15;! longer to U'air the burden of an oppixbsive | anre elearlv establishes .Nullifica
Uii-'f to I3a 131; llv«on Ic*,i7 a HO ct». deternniK*d on n si--liii.ee. j law of the land.
Narth-Camliua r»ooer. I) ■ *1 pe' crni. di*. . ... r n o
,:n'. S.T«tinahBank'B.INl pertcnt.d.«y>uoi;l The etieilemenl raised in ih. State, pavi } [Mr. Miller: W ill the Senator
'I'lie )rdin-
:ition as the
redd a lit-
[. oliKr iMOTKia ilonk Bill* I) aiMl If (irr «n.i lo llte pnrly ■ inajonl) in the lei>i#lafure tl- Itirlher ’j
of the State, and a conventi« was culled, I Mr. Wilkms fiui^hcd the paragraph, af=
I Uf*der ll»e prov isionof tlw Slate CDiutituImn, ! foilow«(:
aulh*n«>m); it« amendint nt. The «i ii% n- | “ And iI)hI the f>eoplo of this State will
DKHATK
1 Uh Senate of thr Lnitrd Slale» on lh»- bill lur-
IUmy to provide for the collertion of dutii-a oo
llBlpOII*.
I ii'-n met, and passed what is ej!led the Or- ! Ih'-nrcfroih hold themv?lves nl>vilv«j«l from
Mr V.'tliims r«*e in lupport of the bill ii*ew ar.d fuiHiamentdl i "I! forlher >Wi;;atiHi to loaiiitain or |>erser\e
.e ««ilio4i he said, in whieb you, Mr! r»'|-Htin;- il, hr woi.l.i i th. ,r ,K.IHiral er„neMon with the people of
- I,. II... ‘-all llw allenliiHi of llie M-n«le lo »t;me l^-> ;'lie other Mates, mid will forlhwilh proceed
rM.Vnl, have pUrfd me in relaii.n, lo this ‘ •"'‘i'"-*' «-• "»• - «« ‘ ^ """ « "" ‘
,imi-**>oo methedulv of lolrfxlucinK , "« proviso^,-. Il overlbrew llw.- whole K.orKau;/.. h sepniate C.ove.nin.-nl, and do
|.p-*«nl bill to Ihe 8« nale and of ex ' •\»*lem. it was noi limitel u> ihe sH ' Mii r ai ls and ihm^'S which sraen iyu
iioina Its pr,.v,swi*. In mv mode ' of ^ l^SV-.lHil emW, with a and in.le,,«,^,-,.t Stat. s nnv of r.glit do.”
U b«r*:.nK thi» dulv, I do no», ;«.H}er mv- ‘J'’«'!«rul.on ibal, i.i that slate, : 1 hev stop With nuil.m ation ; but one
fclfa* Ihe rrprt-w-uuilMe *fother gentleiiH^n *•’;[* ‘
the Comntille«>; ihoae |(«ntl«ni
\ coni{ielenre, far beyiiod mine
M d«>frDd the power of ihe Cier>erml torem
r«'nt to rarry into eHk-l its cooatilutioimt
niher ventleinen snouin o^ comfieo. i ne aiion’smcs iluiinn .lu inv |hih ui ni> %..j.i,......x-ii
ntl«n*o iKMMCi^s »'‘>»'»ention lothe j>e..ple ..fihe I i.iHhj jbrii.t's down si ees».ion and H* volution,
line, to e»iil«ii»! llie stale ol ^4jlh Car«*lm«, | [Mr. Calhoun: it is not ii.teni!*d to us
)Iused a lo«»e and lani'U-ii'e not to b«* misun- ' ’inv force, except a . nmst force. W e sha
iws. The bill ui ^Mtntievi ufioa a
m the Preaidem, cuinniuniciiled on ibe
Jflih insl. and proposes lo awtain the eonali-
^utionahly of the d«rtni»e* UmI dowu in ibal
idmm-d Siale f«per. In Ibe uuloet of tb«-
briiii;s downs cession and H' voliilion.
use
j.'U.i^e not to bt- inisun- •’•nv lorce, except a . nmst force. e shall
Hersl(-oH. 'I bey tell vHJ It It nec*‘sM!ir\ n l stop the procef-ilin"S ol the I . Slates
for some «*IV' state to bring the q(|e^t^^^f| in ( injrls; but maintuin the aulliorily ol our
iiwie—that Car»>ltoa will do it—Ibal Caro, own judiciary.)
Iiiia had thrown herself mio ihe bn*ach, • .M r. VV ilkins—how ran tfie ordmnnce re-
and wtHjkl s’;irv) furemont in r»*M^lttnce lo fer to unv l.iw*»o| the Liiilod Status when
the laws of llte r-iKKi, an l lhe\ soleii.nl> 'Im-v are excluded from nn} operation with
in the liniils of the State ? U by do tlie
(!tscu*ion, II isadmiliadthal Ihe Nil poi.its , ‘ ■•I “f>«‘ ^ •. /'
3tn Btflinmg stah^ of Ihinjc eiistins in a | priiiciples of ibe OrdinHi|ce, for il is :
>«lbern Slate of ibe I'nion; il la not to b**
i-fiit>irJ thnl It points lo Ihe Slate ol‘ Kmlh
Ptrolina. It isiiot in the eonleinplalion of
h' rotnmilire who reported this bill lo n>;ike
I (Mume, in any wav, an imidioun chnr-
bfr. \^hen iIm- gentleman from S«Hiih
lirolina threw out ihc su|>;,'estio«i, that the
II was invidioua, he ctrtainlv did Dot in. | o’repeal. In lli^ir pnvalein.
louupulelotbeComtT.itlJ^a«kM*nto «pacil>, some men.bers of ihe
.veitMK hacharmctar. So far frum U-ing ’h
v.dio,»s, llw bill was made jjeiH-ml aini tadvaDced bv some nK-mtsTS ..f ihis
leeping, la its terma
reasiro that this caurse was lh>iughl
Ip r»«>re deln ale in rejrard to th»-Siaie oti- ^ i . . .i .
tmed. Tliepruvi.io.«oftbeUll weromade PoiiKiextcr here iTmnrke,!. that he lo^me ihnt sy>tem, ll.ey pre^.^1 sc>cess.on
h:.ml, for the pur,.«e of et.jWn in*; ev.rj ' '»>«« «'>> Tanft law, . ven ,1 m.-n- , « - l.»ve s. cession on one haiH, aisl nulli-
» i i '•n>r*"Mve than Ihe law of l^lii weie 'hcution on the other. 1 he S'uator Irom
determined lhal no laxes shall be collerted "ut the I inled .''tales Coiirtslrom appellate
in lhal atale. 'I'he ordinanre, j»i>i s ilie juri*»dirft..n ’ N\ liy do they shut the doors
pow»*r to carry into e\»vuli«*n, iIih de. ol ibr Slni** I otirls against anv iiH|uisiti‘io
leriitiimlion. It contains within ils*»lf no In.ni the I nili'd Slates Courts ’ 'i hey in-
aeeds of dissohilion ;—it is unhiiiited as to t ihI lhal I hr re shall l>c no j'jri>diction over
time; foti'Jxua no restriction''a*« to npplica- ihis subj^^ct, exrt-pi throiiL'h itieir own
lioii; pro» ides no iiwans for its ameiMloieiil, ' eourti-. 'l'be\ cut oil the federal jutliciarj
from aM atilhorily in that Slate, anti brin;;
I' lrk the slale of thinjs which existed prior
to ihe t’onnatioii of the federal con.'-titulion.
Here ntilhficatmn is disclaime.j, on oiie
9 IIMIiKT OIHJ J _ ..•.»! til
aiui ai»uUc3itioii f/.r ** our n vcnue svsteni.
njrv was tb.iuKhi to ordinance would not be en- i* cons.-nlintf lodo this they renuiin «iu-et.
' fliil if wi- j;o a fair's br-'nfllh towards en-
kliere liie colkctiufi
The bill pre«^nU thn-« very imporlaol | ordinance would not applv lo it.)
Sdijih-Carohna ndmiltcd ihcothcr davlhat
•I in.me..Cou. c««der.l.,>n.. I. there | If the terms of llie onlmatK-e are consid- '-'If const,lutUK.al sece.ss.on
ihm^ 10 the circumslaiKre, of the cKin. •'red. c...limie.l Mr. W.. iher,- is no p..^.i- Icould exist. I hen civil war, diMiniou, and
^ calling for legi.lal.on on the m.bj.M-l of' Me m.nle of arn «tin^ it; sure as lime «»anh> must accompany secesMon. No
.^r.ve,iMawsT UlhediH, .drnim.tm. 1 roll, or,. f.Kir dav s pss over ,.ur heads,denies the r.;:ht o \ l-
i -n of lh.*e laws threatened with impcdi- ‘he ordinance and the lawsemaiialinp Imm !'•"» m.lelt asibic, inher nt ripht ^
Ii‘nls and i. ihu* bill sinled lo sucli an ein- i« «H »-»•« «•> employ,iK-nl of physical , » ire'^ciirLTtorUi
r;;rncj ? He prupusrd lo consider lbH^> force, by the ciliz. ns of S..ulh-«'arohna, n- ^ otir example to the civ ihzed world.
"«nli,Uil in a d« «iilory manner. He m v- Kn'n»« »•«' enforcemetu of il»e revenue laws. '' it hen we have re\olu ion
, inu lu • Ol wiiiorj nmiioT iii ,i,. .1 ...t. bv (orc’, not con'ifilulionnhecession. lhal
f shruiik from any moral or pvditiail res- ; .Mihwipn many of the most inllu'-iiti.il citi- ■ . B,w,>e«.nn .a rorin.n
H*rr4ibilil), but he had nodis|iuiiition, (to uae
words of the Senator from North Caro*
ins,) lo “drum on public sensibility.”
peitber he, nor the Siaie which Ik* repre-
' f'ed, h.*d any inlhience in brinsiiif; up
"s*' c|iirkii»ns, bill I am prepared l« meel
K " cnsis by my v.»tes.
zensof Carolina protested n.-amst the ilea >’> «x;ession is certain.
Another law pa-oe*! by Ihe legislature of
Carolina, is entitled a Hill to provide for
lisciih'-tl. It t|„^ Ihul (’oogressexpres-
an oj'inion u|hhi thcin. it is time that
^e (mopio sitoiild brinj: Iheir jiMlgnifiit lo
•^ar on this subject, and »«-ttle it forever.
I be atilhorily of(\in{;ressand of ihe l‘«-ople
nu!t »eti|p this question one day or other,
lit#re Here many enlipbtenel men in th«
-ounliy.inen whose integrity arwl patriotism
that anv but moral force wonhl be resorted
lo, vet Ihe eKcileinenl omi delerniined spi- .
nt of the is-opl** would, in his opinion, lead '•'« I’*'"!''*’ ^-"th.C aroliiia.
specdiK to the emph.vment of physical " "'*v-m>s them lo pul on iheir armor. It
forre. ' He did not .k.ubt that Ihe Senator ^ l>'"" ‘hem m military array; and for what
Troui Soulh-('aro|ina abhorred the idea of but lor ihe use ol force ? 1 he pro-
It IS l.ini, c;«t,n.'ied Mr. W., that the force, no doubt his excellent heart w.sild ,'•» worse
r.,..- I r'»ntinnea . ir. ., inai , u.i,,rh ii wrsilH nroriiice ‘*1** b 'lilal svstem, so far as
.«.h.n.,z.™orCu,„|i„,. U„,
Onhnance lo prove that it was the mtrnlion | its o|.erutions on their own citiiens, he
of Its framers to resort to force. .Mr. W. | '’“‘I nothin- to do. l{esislance was just as
here read the third paraj(raph of the Or
dinance.
“ .\nd it is further erdained, that it shall
not b«' lawful for any f the constituted au
thorities, w hellu r of this St.nle or of Ihe
I nited Stales, to enforce the |>«\ men! of «lu-
ties inif>oM d by Ihc said acts w ilhin the
limits of this Slate ; but il shall b»‘ the du-
1 body doubts, w ho had arrived at opinions
II* this matter, very ditii-rcnt from his own.
^heSenator from South Ca^1l^nn knows,
M»d Mr. \\ the respect in which I hold
pm! hut 1 amunwilluig to lake his judgment
|on •hmqu,.|,|,on an tho nuide of mine ; und I
h^dl nr.t afrroe that tlic I nion depends on
I pnniiples which he has udvancwl. He
F“T‘i) a d(rf:nn>«-nt us n plea m bur; if it Ix'
inevitable a.x the arrival of the day on the
calendar. In addilion to these dociimcnls
what did rumor say ! Itumor, w hich often
falsifies, but sometimes utters truth, ll’we
judj>e by newspaper and other rep^irts,
more men were now ready to take up arms
in('arolina than there were duriDff the re
volutionary strupfjle. 'I'he whole Slate
was at this moment in arms, and its citizens
ly of the Legislature to adopt such mea- j
surosaiKl pass such acts as mav be | ,„,de to enforce iIhi revcnm-
laws. The city of (’harle.slon wore the
sary lo give full efii cl to Ihis ordinnnce, and
lo prevent the enforcement and arrest the
operation of Ihe said acts and parts of acts
of Ihe (’onuress of the rnilel Slates with
*»lul>lih|ied, iheoa l*ar i»iiiler|K»s«HlU-lweeii 1 in the limits of this Slate, Irom and alter
phe Doweraoi ik. I .I,„ I of Kchruary nest, and ihe duly of
all oilier constituted authorities, and ol all
persons residina or Im'IHj; w ilhm the liniils
powers of Ihe Cioverniiicnt and ihc act*
t^iuih ('Krohna.
^ he bill m of jjreat i(u{torlanc«, not on
ifcount of Its particular |)rovis;,»ns, but of
their application to a rapidly approaching
rrisis, which they wero inlendcd lo meet,
lhal crisis was in the control of this bod\,
>K>tfi(any brniieh of the (Jovernnienl. He
"'ould ue^ ii,e Sciiulor Irom Mnwiasippi (.Mr.
ap|>earancc of a military depot. As a fur
ther pr(K>f of the nece.ssily of this bill, he
would rend a printed [Wfier which might
paMi for what it is worth.
Mr. Calhoun. What paper is it? Has
it a si^rnalureT
.Mr. Wilkins. It is a circular, but not
of Ihis Stale, and they an- hereby required ^
and enjoined to ol>ev and ;-ive ette« I to this ‘
ordinance, and sui h acis und nieaMiiCs of
Ihe I.epislature as may Ik' passed or adop.
led 111 olieJience then lo.”
Docs tlic fchadow follow llio eun? Kven
follows:
(ClKCri-AK.)
('harlntun, Janury, 1R33.
Sia : You will on rfi'«ivinn lliis loiter inimcdi-
olcly take the proper lutasurca for tUe purjo»« ol
uscortuiiilnfr at what points, Z)c/w(( o/ l‘roti$ion,
my of torn, fodder and bacon tan be establiBlied
on tlic main roudt leading tlirou{;ii your DiHtrict,
at suitable tUations, say irom 30 lo 4U niilcu apart.
I.uokiiig to liie event of a ijossi!)!*’ call for 'I'roopa
of every dc8criplion, und CHpeciully of nioui;ttd
men, in a tuddcn emtrgrnrtj, you will ascertain
thi! routes by wliich they could nioi't conveniently
pass through your rfs|«.-clive districts, and the pro
per points at w liicb they may put up uller the us-
uul day’s iiurch: Having settled this, the next
, (n)iiit wiil be to enquire whctlicr there ure any per-
bois at or near those points, w ho would undertake,
I on terms tn be bti|iulaled, to furniiih corn, fodder
I niid meat ? In what qauntitics and at what notice 7
It in desirable that this arrauircnicnt should be ef-
lei:lui so us to cniible us to commund an adojuate
I Kupply in the c\enl of its UMng wanted, without
! actually n-akin^ purchases' at [irescnt. ll’tliis be
I impracticable however, >nu niust then see on what
j terms purchaacs can be efl'ccled, whtreand on w hat
manner tlic articles can be deposited tinl taken
! curc off 1 will iiere give you a ptntral outline ot'
' iiiy sclicnie. 1 will su)ipi;ie three great routes lo
! be iimrked onf froiu ihe mountains tf>wards the
1 sea, Cine leading from Laurence\ille, through Ncw-
j lierry to Columbia; another from Vorkville and
' L'nion by W innsboro’ uud Chi8lcr\ilie toColuni-
' bia; and the ihird from Pendleton through .\bbe-
i ville kiiJ I'^d^i:field, Ruinwell hnd Colleton, to
: ( harlc&lon. Along ihew route.s dej-otb would have
j to be established at intervals of 3U or 4U miles, be-
i ^idcs atparale tiejiots at Crinidm and sonic other
j placc*. From 'olunil.ii llicKe itationa uuuld be
j necessary along ti.e St.vte Hoad to Charleston.—
. Rut one oIIht route would then, perhaps, neces
sary to he provided ibr, be(^lIaling at DarlingVrn
I Court-llou!.*', and endini; at lieorgctown, one sta-
I ti'in to 111- at l»in(ibtrce, and another at Lynche's
I ( r'ek. I'roin all other places some one of tiiese
1 slutions mitflil be sti uck. I present this im|>er(ect
I outliur merely to 51VC you aome idea of my gene-
' r«l scheniK. Voiir particular attention will of
' e-oursi tc directed to your own district, and if you
i f;iid I' neeessary you may call in my Aids from
Mhe adjoii.inj Districtf, and nuth Staff OtRrors as
I vou may think pniper, and consult with them as
1 to tlic bifct method ol conuiieting the Districts by
some general plan, end f'uvor me with the result.
Anollii r ob,eet to w liicli 1 would call your early
and [..ir'icular iittention, is the »late of tht arms,
) public and privste, in the hands of the men. Great
■ numbers Imve been issii^'d from time to time, es-
I |>etially wilbin a few years pas>5. 1 wih to know
I iiuw ineny o! them may be retied cn in the event
of acturil f;fr\ice. lor this purpose it rnu-.t be as-
I cirtainil from actnol Inspection or otlierwise, how
! inanv n.cn in each ('ompany have muskets, rifles,
nr other arms tit for u^-, and atiy unfit tor use
; must be re)rfiired. Tht latter must be collected
j together and it pjireJ, if il can be effected in \our
! nejjjhborhtod, and if not, lh*'y niu.>t be bove'd up
! and sent lo CherKtiton ; when after being repair-
; i-d at the public t xjiens*.', they w ill be returned lo
I thet onifianits lo w hich lh.y may Iwlong. To ex-
! f'Cule llir arduous, rcs(>onsib'e, iiid difficult duties
iin[K^M-d by this order, you are authorised to eall
I to your assittiiiice, all the D.'Ticers of ihe StHff
witliin yoor di.'tnet, and if liirtlifr assistance is
. w anird, additional Officers will be appointed. The
Iravi Iliiig ixi>enses of yours» ir ai.d such ChTicers
! as you may tiiiplo. la thi> busine^s will be paid.
y !U w ill iv^ae tlic neerssary Orders in my name,
■ I o'.ii.'crsignrd by your.v If as .\id-de-Cainp, to all
' )l!ici rs ttilhin voar I):strict, urging tiieni to do
IwJ:;.livi r voii nii^^iit t'lid nlC^•^sary lo the prompt
and • lieclual e.vecutiun of thih Order. You will,
; uhen ccn\rnii-nt, call u;ion th' Brijradiers or .Ma-
jor IJcnira!^. w itliin your Di>trict,'or tlieir co-o|>-
i ratiori und ii!-ii.-tsi ce, and m'lierally adopt all pro-
r IM ssures tor llie accuinphshn.ent of the im-
, pt.rtai.l object wl.icli 1 have in view, which may
I be su.tfHl in a lew words lo be, lo ttu'UTf the miaist
' nf »ul>i;;(fnrf, no as to be nabled lo bring troops
: l.> sn\ givin m>int in llie shortest p6i-sib!e time—
i tna»rrrf:ii*i iSt staff 0/ tht Arm* now in the hands
j of thr men—and lo have tiiose unlit for use put tn
camplrlc order. If any other means occur to \ou
o!' uccoinpli>hlng, in iKo promptest manner, thete
I vil.-.lly ini|>ortant objccts, you will tie t»o gojd os lo
I sui.'trot Uieni. I am, very re^pi'ftfully, itc.
I N. B. I annex t!ie fami vf thri-e Orders, which
you may find it necessary to extend, to enable you
! to acceniplisli the objects we have in view. You
' may modify them as }ou tliink propt r, and then
jhave coj)iis served on such of the Oflictrs, who
m.iy be ri'«]uired lo execute them w ilhin your Dis
tricts. They are not to l>e published ia the pa-
I |M rs. CopicH of all such Orders as you may issue
I must l.e sent to niC.”
I Advrrtin? to aiiotlier circumstance, as tending
lo show the excitement prevailing in Soutli-Caro-
lina against the' laneral t.overninenl—he said,
that in every part of Ihe State, the blue ciKkade,
i u ilh the Palmetto ballon, was generally worn.—
, That hit of ribl«)ii, and thr bnlloii, were no trillinv
I sign of the miiitai) s;>ir;t prevalent among the
I people.
j It seemed to him, inilocd. fVom all these facts,
I known to us tilVicially and by nunor, that it was
; impossiblr to avoid a colli.-tion w ith South-Carolina,
j » hile h> r Drdmancc rcm.iined in force, and that
those gt nth men w ho represented that t!ie passage
j ol any bill by us would deteal the Ordinance, and
prevent a et>llsion, had mistaken the sense of the
(hdinanre, und the intention of the people of Suutli
I Caiolina.
I (,\lr. Miller here interposed, and said he had
' not expressed the opinion that Nulliiicaiion would
‘ be abandoned upon th* passage 01 a bill of any
I character in reference lo the Tariff. If Congress
oassed a bill altering the Taritf acts of H'Jp and
IKW, he was of opinion that such acts would set
; aside the Ordinance, w hich was sjx'eitic in its «p-
j plication to the Taritf acls of IS-t* and lf"3U.
I'vin if a bill moic oppressive than the existing
i actj should pasfl, Ihe Ordinance now existing
I vvoulil thereby bt’ defeated, and South ( arolina
would Iteundei the ncee“sil\ of aneinbling another
(Convention, and p.'\»fiii„' another Ordinance.]
Mr. Wilkins found, he H,nd, ihat he was not
I far troin right. W hat prospect llien was there of
an abandonment, bv Snitli Carolina, ot her pres,
ent ()o«.ition ' Siie offers us but Iwo U'.odes of ad
justing the matter in dispute. |
TIm' first IS liy the total abandonment of the
proU Clive sysleia; bv the admission of the whole
list of protected artich-s iVee ot all duty, and rais.
ing the whole revenue, derived from duties on
imports, exclusively, from the unprotected artirles.
The consequence* of Ibe adoption of ihis policy
would Ih' most t'atal and disastrous to the indus.
try of tho Northern States. It would pul the la-
Isirinij classes ol' I’ennsylvania on a tix'ting wilh
the (Hiupers of tiie old world. It would proslrate
at once nnd lbr« ver the (si’icy uhieh I’ nnsylva-
Ilia had long cherished, whieh S,mlli-t aro.ina bad
united with her in establishing and niuiiitaining,
aud under which siic was proviHTous and happy, j
Tilt ttUuiiuL'Iv PIN’CCU B»aiiv tlii tnutto: from
South-Carolina, in 1816, in favor of the protcctiva
policy, was engraved on the hearts of the people of
I'ennsylvaiiia. In Uie dwellings of th« funner,
the mechanic, and manufucturer, it hung upon
the wall, by the side ol Washington’s Farewell
Address. He well remembered that speech, for it
had a powerful influence on his own n.ind in rtla*
tion to the policy of the protective system.
[Mr. Calhoun here said, I thank the gcntlemiB
for alludingr to that speech. It has been much and
very oilcn misrepresented, and I shall take an
early op|>orlunily to explain it.]
I Mr. W ilkins. I shall be happy to witness tha
exhibition of the Senator's ingenuity in explain*
ing the s;>eech in such a manner as to make it ac*
cord with his present views. 1 should not have
alluded lo it, I.mI not the Senator remarked upon
the hill from our Committee as a bill “ of abomina*
lions."
.Mr. Calhoun. It re-quires no apolwy.
Mr. Wilkins proceeded to slate tne eonsidrra.
tions w hieh rendered a compliance with the terms
progiosed bv Soiith-Carolina improbable, if not ioi.
possible. For his ow n (»rt, he was free to say
that he could not bring his mind lo assent to sa
destructive a measure. lie spoke only for him.
' seii; What were the views of others of this body
i on this siibiect, he did not know, Ibr he was not in
the habit of making inquiries as lo the opinions of
others on such topics. .Much as he loved tho
Union—much as he deprecated any collision be
tween the Slate and Federal Governments, macn
as he was uijposcd to respect the opini;n« and
wishes of a sister Stale, he would not himself as
sent to a total destruction even of incidental pro
tection to our (iomestic industry. He would how
ever, go far, very far, even to the sacrifice of much
of that protection which we claim as just and ne
cessary; but lo the point proposed by S. Carolina
as her ultimatum, he could not go.
He did not believe there was any probability of
the assent, on the part of Congress, to the first
proposition of South-('arolina. There was but
one other proposition lOdde by Soulh-Caroliua for
the adjustment of this controversy, and that wa.'i
even Ices hopeful than the former. It was by the
call of a general convention of the .States, and tha
submission to tliem of an ultimate arbitrament on
the disputed powers. Mr. W. was of the opinion
that the division of the State representation as
sembled in convention on the matters in controver.
sy, would not differ from the judgment of the re»
presenlatives assembled in Congress. He did not
think it at all probable that the convention would
cither alter the constitution in respect to the pow.
ersof the governmml over tlie subject of revenue,
or that the protective laws would b« pronouced by
them anconstitutional, and null and void. But it
was not at all probable that two-thirds of Congress
and three-fourths ol the States would agree to the
call of a General Convention. The People wero
averse to any change in the constitution, and w ere
ol’ opinion that it could not be amended ftr Ihe
belter. For his own part, il was his earnest Iiojm,
and earnest belief, th^t no change would ever be
made in the terms of our admirable compact.
On resuming tlie floor to day. .Mr. \Vilkin9
embraced the opportunity lo slate that, on a proper
occasion, he should move one or two amendmcnta
to the bill, one of which would be to limit some of
Its provisiLMis lo the end of the next sc.ssion of
Congress: the provisions which it contains for
ameiidaients to the judicial systi rii, he presumed,
there would be no objection to leaving, as they are
in the bill, jnlimited.
When ihc Senate adjourned yesterday, Mr. W.
conUnucd, I was speaking of the Tariff.''ystem—
ol' this system, tor the protection of American in.
dustry, which a vast portion of the American peo-
pie believe to be intimately connected with tho
prosperity ot' the country. As a justification of
the adherence, as far as practicable, to this system
he had reference lo tiie conduct of gentlemen
from the Soutii in regard to it. At one period ho
now addid, .Maryland h*d been considered a
Southern State, as she was still a slave holding
Stale: from the chief city of that State, directly
alter the meeting of Congress, under the Consli.
tulion of 17S7, a memorial was transmitted lo
Congress, reciting the weakntss and inetficiency
of the old ContVderary, and its inadequacy to f>ro-
tect the manufacturing interests, end rcjoicing
thtt we had aow a Governnient, posstssing all
necessary {>owcr lo protecl domestic industry, and
praying the interposition of Congress for that
purpose. Another incident he mentioned, which,
he said, many members would recollect, of a
member of I'engross from S. C. having, in the
year 182'J, oflcred a resolution proposing that all
the members of Congress should appear, at tho
commencement of the next ensuing session, clad
entirely in cloth of American manufacture. Ha
had alnady adverted to the agcncy of the South
in passing the taiitriaw of 1816, and now, said
he, let me make a personal reference, in connexion
whh It, lo another gentleman from S. Carolina,
now a member of this body (Mr. Miller) v.hicli
refcrcnce 1 make whh all (lossible respect (or that
gentleman. When the bill of 1816 was under
discussion, that gentleman, then a member of the
other House, made a motion, deeply inteiesling to
Pennsylvania, and Ibr which I, as one of her sons,
ti'cl grsletul to him, lo raise the duties on ham-
mered bar iron (which the bill proposed to rai.*se
from 9 to IG dollars per ton) to 20 dollats per ton.
Thus amended, the bill )»assed the House, but tho
duly was reduced in the Senate to Ifi. On tha
f.ns’l passage of ihc bill, including that and olhcr
duties, 3 members only from South-Carolma were
present, and they all voted/or thf bill Strange
revolution of opinion ! It is now contended by
the same geiitlenian, that a duty of H dollars up.
on the same arlielc. (two dollars below his own
pro[iosition,) as fixed by the I’ariff o*' 16.'J2, is so
onerous, opprt-ssi\e, and lyrannieal, that the wbola
country is U> bi’ involved in a civil war, il not only
that, but erfr-y other protective duty be not abol
ished.
.Mr. W. said, he had also sjioken, ye.'terday, in
justiticaiion of the strongest provisions nf this bill,
of the talked ol resistance to the laws in South-
Carolina. I le had understood the Senator Irom S.
Carolina, [Mr. Calhwuii,] the other day, as ac-
knowUd!>in}r that there was military arr.iy in S.
Carolina, but contending that it followed and did
not preet'de Ibe array of Ibrce by th I’. Slates.
[Mr. t'alhoiin said he had isdn itu'd that there
was military preparation, not array.)
-Mr. Williiiis said, if we e.K?.miiie the measures
taken bv the .Xduiinistralion m reference to the
present crisis, il would be tound lhal they wero
not at all of that military character to ustity tho
measures of South-Carolina w hich it was alleged
had followed thim.
[^Ir. Calhoun said that South-t'arolina was un-
doublcdly pn’paring to resist force by Ibrce. Bat
h t llie I'nil. d Slates « ithdraw its Ibrees from her
borders, and luv Ihis bill ujhjii the table, and her
preparations would ce.is«-.]
Mr. >Vilkiiis n-sumed. That is, sir, if we do
u«t opfose ai'T of hci ujoMj:a'.'iits, all will