MINERIS’ & FARMERS’ JOIJRNAIi.
ANI> IM HVKR\^SVTI K!>\Y, BV TlIOMAS J. rH)|/rON....CIIAI*M)TTK, «E K MI.MII'KC COI'IVTV, NOK i iIHAKnLl> A.
I \klLL ». Tilt »()WKI.» l> I lit K^WTH ANU BIIINU OL f HlfUl TIIK CAVI.IINH OK TIIK. UUI'M AINS, MK I'AI.S WIU'.'II WII.L UIVK KTKKNUTH TO OIU MANUK ANI> Hl'tlJEfT Al.l. NATI RK 10 Ol'R USE AM) |-LEA:jlIKP..—DR. JOHNSON.
Toi- >T\ riiKiuv, M\1uTnr9, """"" no. i38.
I w I civil list. U lien tliut liiiiil is Iraiiwfiiiird,
ImilM'*’’*’^ rarniorw Journal for jtroUcliun, tr auy other itidfliiiitn i,l).
,„rmua and every Saturday nioruinK j.-ct, H.c n.iiiority Bro thrown w.lhoiil th.:
^^^f^I)„Uar,fKt^nmlUul^^a^d^n;Ld^iuve ; ,,r„tcrti.,n of ihc ConHtiliition, and kfl to
[hilar, and Fifty Crnt, .f not paid in ad. of the niajoritv. Ht.l that
vancc; Tirff IMtar, at the end of the year. sK,n dpgcncratos into ranny.
^DVKRTIRKMKNTS will be- iiHrrud.i f./'y li, (l.c (Scnonil (iovern.nonf, la.xa'lion, so
tortile jj^, ,jj(. .,rotccti()ii of
f„.tiM»crt.on, .nd‘,>5cent, (breach .urcedin^r doir,o«tic industry, has no minction in oitlicr
wrtk-ot »1 fcr Uirce for one »iuarc. ,|,g ji^^. jj t’onstitufiun.
A lib. r.ld*»««nt *i!^ i«.d.-to tho.. who ^ ,.orversion of tht fodcn.l
»dTcrtiKbytl''y'’»f- ^ “• “ ^*’'^“*1"'’" * corii|iact, and must c\entuallv prostralf tlic
communicatrd •o'' P” num icr o bo alxiodoned by it» ndvocates.
iiimrtjoin iiiujt be iiotf on t e margin o t lo Htnt«* may tax for the rirotoctir>n of th*-
iiiinuMJfip*i Of •* eoiini'ui u'ii‘ indiistiy of their !iti7>‘n»(, but tlic (lenfral
forbid, ««d c»arf«4 ac«or T- ■ (lovcrnini iit cannot. Hut aone of the States
...Allcomm«n«:.tioo.toUie>^itorinu^ orm,> '^„^ Cxerciwd ihix %crv dd.catc iKiwer
(V^.ot^«f«.orthpv ma> not to. —^ strong evidoncc that its rxfrciiio is not
TIIK ARKITrM. cougrnial witli thn spirit of frctdoiii, iittd
of our frot' institution:*.
'I'nioii ow«‘ «llr([lancc ? CiTtainly not lo ' the aswrlioii and acliievenietit of their
I tlie liciirral tiovcrtinifiit, fur tlipy crcatcd il. I dfncc, it wan/wo*!We tbr tiiuin lo lote it, it iiiUBt
I'J lie creator can nr\« r owe allegiance lo tliu j liarc beta'.buiul by soiiieliody j and Hovercignty is
I crcatun ; tliHl v.uulJ Ix' iii;«l absurd, ot'ail tliu , an article tiial could not well be hidden by the
abnurditita whieii, at ihis interesti.i;; criiif>, are . finder. 'I’he Trisident hai; pointed lo the caskct
lo-wd fioni tiiiijue Id toiifiie. ’I'hcy certainly . that contains thene State jewel*—il is the (icneral
! cannot Iw fbIiI loo'\e aliefri»riee to each other, lor I (Jovcrnnicnt—the MVcrc igntiexof the f^tatos were,
I they are »'>Mial. 'I'in ti it' a htatr cannot comiiiil I he Bays, Consolidated in tiiat (•overnnieiit. “The
' rcU-lhon or |x r(M.'lr.ite trejhoii, it is an unfit sub- alir>;iance of the ciliw-iiK of thu Slates was [he
j jcLt for the |>K>.luiiiution, and as there can be no tella ut> in the |iroclnination] transferreH, in the
reason for (iroeliimiui' agaitint a State, so there j (ir8t iii.'tiinee, to tlic(>overnnicnt of thol'. States.
CHARI FKB. 95, ICTJ
Colton. S«» 1» • »»i iipUi>«i, new, lOJ m
hoj; Kice, inferior la kumJ, l!jj » »'l li*« hlut
•'I Flour, tuiicrfine, tt • OO; Corn, t'.’ a ti.j; cxerciM; o!
(*)Uf.50»W; V\bi»kry. 3- « 36; X. V.. Rum. mH l,„
Tho I'liioii hii.« for its ba.sis the roiiwnt
of llie Sluteti. In buUbtilutiiif; fear by the
offurce tu uiaintaiii it, the Inisih
Btroyed. Fear is tlio |iriiitifjlc
offiiM^fcrmndy ISO . Wt; HoiU.id «m. lOO t cord»Hce with thu dictntc* of urtu.-, of
.j .1,0
)t »00; T. Wmd. 4j • W, IUv.4ii, 10 *'10, «wl ri>duce lU c»»ftio«ii to liie rfcvciiiH;
[ 11^; brotfu, 7 a St. Croix and Jun. 7 ■ , HiaiKkird—to the iH'fdii of the (iotf-ruuK'nt.
K • Orleauit. 6i k t*; MoU*e», Cuba. ; [Jy ibi,| nicaMire, the I'liu ii will be left
k «M; O^ffer rl-nerrrrn M t li; j,, ^ ehcrulKfd
Lfttiortoro^I^a u, .i *•
««..v, 11 . l*p«» «..i- d... h “*c fclutw. a- a most Uiiih.;«iit agent,
1 .;iiL iMVAunab liuuk ftiUi 1 ]«r wul.di«c>ubt, uot ubliorod and dread* d a« a tyrant; uuJ
iU .4ii«r Georgia Ikuk Bill* li tad 1} it cot. u will uot, }»u nm rely ufion it, kuUer\e
i-AunrK~u ADT-H » ‘**® pur^««K- for which it »us iL.rined, loii^jtr
rr^u„.-l'\Al^. H a'ij; » “ »‘‘ull be chrrished b) tljr ;U)U tiwn^,
W :«-i, a rt, r.our.r«intrT. 4* • 4>; fU arid iu»rtaii>cd by the w iMloni of tlie |«eo^lc
on, 7 alUi Wljukty, S5 «40; hraiidy, -Ajiple, of the L'nitc»i btjl&«. It cannot, 1 re|itat,
' • 45; l’*^h, 4> • W. » kU'taincd b> their btucxJ and camave.
». . lb*, .M.Oira,.M*. 1.04J th« r.n*«, which now unkippily
;a:l,7*ii; Iron, • e«mt«, of Suth CaroltiMi, oitd tupfK)** that
. r.i*»r«»li. C • 7; .Vurtlit'arohot, f; Stit. per by tlux* ot'ariD!« •!!« ^lull be mUiiirHl into
"***; * ' •' ^ a aHbniMaMon to (h* Aim ricaii JSy^trni.
(■V amiwr.i ’Hl' nioiu*iil »be i* t^onfpiert-d, «l»e i«* |Mit
Fi-mUt l.HiJti niaif' TtlfgrmjA- j t*v ll»e »cr> act «-f c»iH]u.>l, (wtiich wbm
HK riUM I AH %TIO>-Mn i:Ki;iKXT4 . ii.tMkJcd lo w!.tp her nmn 1o.-«.U ii.tu the
Tltr attentiuii of the reader w i!| be ur- Li)k>ii,) out « t tlio Liti^iU. riho will a
yf'.ted, and Ik* canitot fjil lo pn*#it by the nKiquerod pru*itKe, and, nM !HM-h, kuhjeet
rrr\ lucid rrview of iIk? proclanintiitn. pre- f>>r her ov*tiuir nt to thw willol'her victor.
Kiil'xi in tbr interesting let(«.r of thiil able It i« a iiii»lnriuiH‘, that lu apft«kiiij( of cur
oo'aitulK’ttal juriKt, the Mon. Julin Kowati, Ir.-n iimIiIuI.oCmi, ut; are oLli|!Qd to employ
^Kcntuiky. Mr. Rowan ha« been, an ifc thi* whuh wan lornied and u-
.loll known, tlie able lufvucate and z*.*iloa-> to tin.* umt of the lulject of arbitary
aJmirtT of the Pre»i(Vnt. Put he mjijior. ijovcrutacnl; and that, in UMiig the Ian-
trJ Ibiin the ativocate oT vmr K^ptibiiran aru iui|M icepiiUy Nitn tlie
n'litutiui^—HAt a-i the frxKitlpr nf a mo5- tnun 4 h!)^^ winch is halHtiul with niiv
*n»« MineiK‘*>'i ofthoinfht, and al- ruU- and il» vd*»aU. V. e hear i-tery daj,
IT '«i«4>xpvi4^ion, umd by Judge Kowon, iumI even fruin UK-n who ha\e hud Korne
Mr. Ta2e«e!l.*aiMl Mr. ‘uliioun, upon the ^{>ulita-al ex|>«ti nee, and have ».im‘ rc^nita.
^MKi»i ul'Mver«^'iit\, IS a most striking ; ti >u for mt«-lli;ji*i*cc, the wntinieiit that
...cKi iice. ^'aroliiij niui>i be i>ubiu'd ; other*
IJAKnrr'iw . ?7, l®32. any State ni.i), wIko »h«; i tioix s,
Dar Sir.—^ our k»n'l letter, enrlixm^ r» i d»‘ I'rom the I niuti, and tho (iovcrn-;
the pr... latnatiKi ol'the I’n-Hident wf the n*rnt will be dis*i.l\« d. 'I'hi'. lawirn;>e !.■
. States ajnin^ the State «f rf. rarclinn, jp5>r«pr».it« in rcli-renre tu irwnrra tiuimr\
.ine duly to h.u*d, for wlm h accept in) iiM>vfinonts by an escited or niit^uidiMJ
hank*. Yi'U r«'jurM tny opinion upon the i»«>pui.u r; but whco uttered in n-latiod to
trnelanuti^. Kftor hiivin;; read it with an rntirv political cuoiiuunU)—to a »f»vt'-
n'Fh attention, arxf with the tno*l intrt>iV' r« i^ai^tate,iHaltogciher'ininapplied. Coukl
nter-'*!, I rejn't tli.it it is ik*I lu my power nut tho .Statcji at any tun/', by fuiliuj; to
I be-toH up>n it that Coiimicndation, which m tid Ri preMciitatives und Senators to Con-
mn»t cl»«vrfu!l) arcordetl to nit the either {jrt »«, prontrHte the (lovernnieut and di*-
umiintii wlurh (luanated from the |>en of holio tli‘ I'mon! There ejn?t. no power
'.at I’lu-triiiii'rnnti. But I am con*tmined in tl*e (Jeimml lJov«rnnK*nt to k*ep itsilt
0 »ay, thal i douht both tl>e le({itiinacy and ali\e Uit b> keepiu^ in re^'iilar action it«
li' **f the m^aaun*, niMi rui>r.iwtc,' vit.il inachiiH r\ ; it wan left dependant iiptm
th^ politiral Hfwtrirte^ which it Uio will «»!'the S'a’»-slur itn hie, and the con*
Tflelaint*. fUit before I notice it [larttrii- tinujiH-r oi its whole legislative power;
lar^ ilk w n • in prrmiae, that I am, and ami not the very coiu^deratton, that
ilwsy* ha^e lierrt, s* rrni krw)w, oppo^H t'l tho (icncnil (iovernment was not arinei!
l» .ln>«>ri( an S;. tern* I ron'.idi'r it nei* by the ctMihlitutioci with the power of kwp-
W iTKtre nor thin the “ power of tfit- in;; its own vit^l iiiaciniH ry in action, «o
Vk»i'* ai! injiitihim, nnd of «pprr«printu>n lar to prove, that reliance wn» placed rath*
•{ Uhih.m. iN’ow It is of the e‘» nec of n er in ihu virtue and fwtriolisin ol the !^tale>,
■ff Statr, that all the powera w hi^h m.ny than u|«ni itn t>wn cotrt-in /«ncir, for the
eterri^ by iN ttovemmeni, NlmU he coiitinuaiue uf the I nion! The I inon, I
iJ elldrfinH, aivl carefully limited; nnd of re|irat, whi formrd by fnt
|2 '' >he powers which a (Joveniinent niHj e\* rtrtnmunittf* tor the protection auil jierpt'tu*
fi'e, that of fnjufi(>fi ii the most “ «*.-irch* .itio4i ol thcir liberties ; it was ru»t pnxJiiced
oimI severe. || is n ptiwer which, in by force—it cannot U* contmned by leur.
He freest aiMl mildevt (foveniment, ran Ix' I rejn-nt u::»in, that force nnd toar were
■•It l>arily tolrratrd ; but when il is nccor* iHit elenieiitury incndients m its lormation,
I withftijt nnv liinitntion, eherk, or re- nnd they cannot now l»* ivholeMimely inl'ustd
’r*iint, other th;m the discretion M'the (iov- ii.to it. Sivereijfii Mates cannot jiifctly be
' "’m''nt, it i«trrnnny in it^ womt and mot»t tin- »u! jeets of threats uttered by the (lov*
nppres^ivf' fortn. 'I'lie ciirreni m-iion, thnt eniinent of their own torinntioii. Nothin;;
'* ri^jhts of oil the jieople of a p»*litici»l is to my niiiul more almurd than the ideu,
"ntnunily may be «;ifi |y coiifvle-l to the that tho (JcneraUioveriiinentcan.orought,
ill ot the m/i/Vfj-i/y, i'« iiM.st misehii viHi.sly to niaintam the Union by roiMpieiing the
’'rr''I'he chief |Kir|»oM) (if il ('uiiMi. S^tates whot'oinied it int* its »iip|K)rt uiui
15 to hridio and n*-t ram the [K>vv er of mainti'niinee. No! 1 lie I nion eaii only lie
'il" iii!i|oniy, !»i ns to «Ture the ri^lit ot pr ..u-i ved by the Hltnndonment of the \meri-
nii:Hirity. ’I'he rights of tite latter cun-sv stem, and the abstainiii^r of the »ii n*
'■"'ni'ijeri 1 as anlFtt ii-ntiv sertiroil b* cral t ioverninent from encr«*achnients iipon
11" ( n'.'.iitiition, when tlif* |X)wr «>f tlu' the ri;;hts ol the Stales. Kut I havu wan*
riner h »n limited hv that iii'«tnjnient dered from tho pniehimation; vou niii'*t,
^'1“4t It iiiiiM, iint everv ) \ertion, ali'H't ill*' howe\cr, havo [M'rceived in vvhnt I have
1 and iiitcreKis nt' Isith ii> th«> NUiie suid, some of the j»ioiiniis ii|)on vvhirh 1
>’jrpe. 'I'lie (',)iis||i»iti()ii of til*'I . States doubt as tt) th*‘lejfiliinaev ol the inuasiire.
ii'il not mi|vmr« uny preciM- and e%nct n'- I can find no niillioiily lor it in tlii' t'on.sli*
^'■ raititv, i|j)f;n the rxerriM-of till’taxinj; |xiw • Itilion, nor do I iH-lieve that the l.iwr ol
|''r whic h IN 'oiirtilel to ( oimii'MH. The t\in;;i''ss, in relation to the e\eri ise (>l the
o|i)ie tovfrniiH'nt riinstiiiite Its natii- prM'lainim^ jMiwer by the I'reKideiit, iiu*
f^Miuiil; Inii (hat limit, as to itsaiiMnint, IS llioti'/ d it iiiiiler ••M'tnif; cireiiinstances.
'uh|e«1,1,1, jiiiifl II,. 'jiii ;i t:iti> ciiniinit trc.isoii ^ 'J he aii'vver
ihe eonrlilinn of isi'iiPf., ns well iiai-t U- in tlif ne^'ative; vv( II il sh' cannot
"I iiidiviiIiiiiU. Hut still th'* liiiiit I” |»erpntrale tieaw.ii, slic e.iiinnt commit re-
‘li'tiii' tlv :iM nrtaimil>!.v It consists in the (h llion, li>r ii-lx-llu’n implies treason and
'^' '•n'Mniei)|,.x|>.||(]||(irrsol the Ifoverniiienl, tiejsnii nnplios a Molation ol n!!i’;iKinee.
^ rm;*tiUiuig the army, the navy, and th'j H it to what power do the Stales v’
can be no uiitlioi iiy in the rresident to jiroctaiin.
liiit, a.*\er all, uher in consisird the neccsxity,
jor even tho |iropriely, of lliiN mensurv ? .Misfrtii-
deil or iiifuriatLd ankiiiilillt sof the i»-f,[i|e may, by
! the terrorii of an L.virulive |iroe!‘iuialion, be auii-
kened lo a sfn«e of tlic eiioniiily of tl eir eon-
I duct, and of their fx-rilous condition, and abandon
their rash and nn|iuUr.e |iiir|i>>MK; bat, it is in*
, »;oiii[ialiblu wilii ilje igiity of a State, tiiat
it should lie a«eil by a iirnclaiuution;—a prcx la-
: Illation is in ifiW/a jovi reign uet, and cun only b-
Biip|K)«ed to o|H‘rate ii[Kjn, or iutlueiice, Ihu siih.
l 'fr/»of Ihe soverii^n who rniike:i it. Ilow iIiik
' pri.chiiimlion vtus intend'd to o|>erulc iijion the
: .'sliiU of J'uiilhCarelina, Of n[>oii ihe majority of
j It* eiti/rris, who an i n'laped inanntilliiijr the tarilT
laws; but if a Siai" t aniiot bu pnilfy of in»urrec-
' lion, tn afoiL, or relielluui, so ii Kher can the eili-
I itut w'bi eoiiipoM-it, when aetiiig as a political
I eoiiiinunily, tithtr in tiit eiisetion of U as, or in
yielding'obrdit nee to them. 1 taiii.ot, therefore,
•ec the !i pitimseyor propri't;. ofthc proelanialion
I in retf r nre to tli itir»?ni of that Mat**. Indeed,
I drprffal.- any uiterli-r iic- of ihe tn neral liov.
erniiKitt wilii tia (iolitii:al pi..eixdin^s ofthc
: Slate*. I have no doubt of the ]iur and i>atriotic
inteiitioi;s of our i!!ii*trioui Chief ■Mapistr.it'’, and
T hey Ixcaiiie ylin^riran fitizrns, and owed obcdi
nc(! tolbc ('orintitution of the Ignited .States, and
toUwsn.udo ill runibriiiity to the powers vested
in ('oii"rei(h.” Never wbh a sriiliment uttcicd by
any Stiitesiiian in the United Ftates, of such
^tartlin(; ini|)ort, as the one juft quoted. Indulge
me lor a riioufent, V. bile I attempt to anaUzcit.
( ttizeraniii Stale are cfirclative terms, and Iheir
cblit^ations are mutual and reciprocal—alUgiauce,
on tlie part of liie citizen"!, and jirotirtiou on the
part uf the State. 'J'iiat the Prei>ident iinp*i'dly
udinits; for he Fay?, ulhfiance of the citizens
w’Bs Srtinfferreil, in the Jir$t iustance, from then
Shitit li) the (ieneral (joverninent." Now, alle*
j;iuiice is the lifsaiiient that iinds the citizens to
the Slate. Dissolve that, or, wl.at is the same
tliinjr, transfer it, and the State is nnnihtlated.—
'i’he .“jtate er,n$i»tt of its riiizmt. The allegiance
of the latltr is the t:>sence of liie former. Uut the
I’renid^i.t ill not eontetit that a tingle vestitre ol' a
Mate siiould Ix! le;i; and, therefore, after having
transfeir tl the allegiance of her citizens to the
• r;«l (iovernnient, he says “they Iftame etfi-
zerm of Amer'ca" >io that he has liti-rally pul
verized th States. The people of any State may,
according to his diKtrine, make war ujion it; or do
what else they please against it, or ilj laws.—
! rrgrri esc i-edinjlN that he did not, as ’•onirrcss j They cannot incur the gtiill of treason, because
I was in serskni, akUthesdviceofthat body. '1 here they owe it no allejriauce. “Their aJIcgiaoce
' IS, wr are t-rld from high authoiity, “salitty in the liai* bewi tranaii^rred lo the General Governuieut
miiltiludc of loiinw;!*." I thinii nionover, tL;it —tlicy ar eilizcns of An.eriea," and owe no cbc-
Ihr ca»e wan on«" in which it was thi ir right, rath- I diencc to the laws of tlicir quondam Stiitc. By
' I r than his «?nt>, Ui ai-l. Hat, on tlw* supfio>itlim , the by, what is meant by this last clause of the
i itMt the I'roidi'iit kad the uulhorily lo piuclaiiii, ^ sentence, “ihey beesnie citizens of America 1"^ I
' I do not, I airainMy, tbink,tl>al tlic prucUiuatiou , prosii:m; he meant by Anieri a, the General Gov*
al the liim, and under the circuinstanees, was a ernt.ieiil—because tiic citizens of the Stale*, by
' njeami.-e ofThe annual iiietfugi of j the trannfer ot'tiieir allegiance to the General
j ihe i’renidenl bsd Kwn frnl into Congress only 6 j fiovemmriit, v^rould, if it were possible for a mere
days tiribre tiiu pr*.!i*inal ion was ii>sui-l. la that ' f^vernmcrt to hare ctlitent of a (roiemmeut, and
and a nio*t splendid and orthodox Uoea- I to a (Jorrtument, is quite a new one,
! iLi i:l II wa«, ht li.id reeiijnizcd tlie correctness of and tjeVjngs to the consolidation school. Aile-
the |irin'ijdt. in reference t(> the li.n!r, for which qiuntc is a n latiuo tliut can exi^t only between
; South-Carolina conti I ijs and upon the violation of . and l.heir soreidfrn—eiliient and their
; which by tlie Gem ral Governmrct, »he had predi- ; St,j!r. So, Sir. Tlie .Sates retained, and do still,
jrarid her mni| lainls, and her iiKivruient* Ibr re- j in taet and in law, retain their citixer.s—and tJie
I drtrna; and in- had n coiiifiided l/ I lai^roas such a j latter owed, always, and do slill continue to owe,
' ii.oditieation of that lavr.an \»ijuM h.vvc reoiovcd ali i allegianc!* to the former. They owe no allegiance
jenosc tor »ueh ooinp’raiiils. -Vil'IiI il not have | lo IIk' Ooternmtnt of the ( iiiled Statef. They
Uen ejj^et.d ihst tlie elf-i I of the iTi( ^stige ui>on I owe it o'fdiet.rr. Their ullr"iarce belongs tii
th( Nr.ulh-Carolinisn*. sKxiht have l,f«-n of the their sorercitnf. the State-*. 'I'hi ro iw no such be-
' m«HrtHxiuitlizuigeh»rarter; wanaiightofilsi tiict j ing in the l'nitei Slates ai> a citiziii of America,
lu inauci.. iug Congrert to reinoke, by »indy k- j or a citizen of the Goviriinicnt of the L. States.
gi.laUo«i. ihf «au»e» of l.'it ir di-H.jUiitades, to iiave I NVe arc all iiliZen»of llie C. St,ttts of Anurica,
Uen drs(«irt d of'. And would it n t have been i owing allegianee lo our ow n rcspoctive States,
good poliry In have fcrbofne to prorUim, until and oMiruce to the Corerrnnent and law s of the
time h»«i licin atrordcil tor li»e ditru'ion and opera- | U. Sutes. They are seven ign, notw ith^tanding
Hun of Its mokt ..•xeeMcrl ■eiitiiiiei.li>, 1 anticipa- | they were united in their colonial eondilion, and
lid, when I rend lhi.t n.eMa;;e, ihul It wocid eause j al'crwards a» Stales b;, tiie old l'rd ral coin[>act;
>. C. lo 1.0'iwnd hi r nullit^ii.g n«a>urr>, and lo j ai'd are no« untied by the t'onititiition. ^ hat,
• n ail .!'. I rt 11 upon thefongrcs* lo wliirh it was . I would aik, was the eonditiun of North-Ca.-olina
jd'terytd Mneh, I iJKHight mitht U> o\p e-Ud ! after the aik>irtion of ihe Constitution by the other
irooi iIm cogeiU and eir.pJwlic n.aom r in which j Sutes, until she adopt, d il’ Durmg that period,
' U Jiwkr ujMSilhesulijwtofth. Urilf. The lucid j alic was eillier a province or a State; she was not
•(.d njon »h*n U lphic mrne'lie^s, with whi« h he | dependant itpon any other Slate-ofcourse she was,
dv«k>[«d «hc line [tfinoij.1 5 of a jut tnriH' law, ' herself, an indt pendent, wivere ign State. Her old
w^-Tiird to l)r n fMles*. Fv( ry wnlimei.t whieh ' F>'deral a‘!>oci«tcs had left her, and, aecordinj to
hr u!terd upon tl.il anhjeoi, nr«mcd to wear tl>e ! lb« Uortnneof the proclamation, s.he was the uuly
' klaiiiji ol dt ii.CHistralioii, and tu be liacKed b> Uie , i»ivereigii .Sute Uiat ever c.vif ted in Norli) -Vineri-
’n'oial lorec of ih*- o»* rs» h» linii'j; iii.ij.irily l.v [ ca—a.id site became so uccidinlally, unij continued
! » liie'i he had ju.l Uiii re-elect d to iLe I’ribi-I ».> but for a short lime. Hut what ought lo be
' . - i>,: idrrrd as a coiic!ativ*e nrgiimcnt, that the al-
In that nvmafe, too, he spolr of State riirhl*. lesiunce of the citiims of Uic States was not
and l).« p«>wer»ol Ui« «.. n>r»l «tovernnK iit, in trunfterred lothe iiorcitiment o’ the I,. States, is
'xmtwx.ou with the Urill, in I. riii* lo which thi ’ If.e declanition, of the Constitution, that “ tre.ason
goddess Ol' Ijl-erly. ai.d tha vimratid slmde of' ajainat the f i'!mllconn8t only in levy.
Jrfr« tson. her belo\eI ilrrol. e,) inigl.t have li»- ing w arnji.inst iVc- Now, ifthe alligiance
teried; not merely with apjirobation, but wilh rap- oftheciliicn*hadbfonlran*Urfedl'roiiitheirStates
tur.*. ' III that inemage h«* aUo n proUted the ex- to liic Government, tinn the treason would have
trci*.*-, by the (icnfial Go\eri.iini.t, of con^liut* , been comiiiitted aguin>t the (lorrrnmeut ot the U.
live or douhlfel power*. \\h«o 1 re; d il, 1 li.ll a Slates, »i,d not a-ainct the I'. *. For lliere
«-m.at:. ii itiUefinable j..y. 1 kit as li' I had ! iwi be no treason wilhout the rebtion of alle-
heanl coi'd "ew»: I tliaiiked Heavrn taritlv fur giiince; and the treason is necessarily against the
bc^towi'nc wp^ Ihe rnileil.''tal«*»»i-/ia l’imd nt ' /'eire, to which the allegiance of its p« riielratpr^
at »xrA « crtttf. Jodf.e if v wi r.in, wh«l nius-t Wati ilue. Ai;ain: how (oold the citizens ol the
liavo b»^n uiy *.urprixt-. wlKn I bad n.m the proc- | I’niud States withdraw thi.r all.giince from
lan-atun, and saw that in tiiat li'Ciiim nl he h;id , tliiir rt'j-cetive Staler. »ndtr«n>)er it to ihe Gov-
rcversd.'rcvc.!,n!, a;id renounrcd all the orthodox i rnnient of the rnilcd State* without b*coniin{r
» Iilin>eril« nf'’us mi «'ape in relvlion to Sliile ';i;.lty of meial tnifOV, al lea»t against their
ri-hlsand tl;e e»erei*K- of'^dmibtful (vwers by the State- ' I’ut the first clause of tlie second sec-
tteiieral ito'einn'.eiil; and all the iinprcswvo and , lion ol the fuurlli article ot the t on.stitution, proves
mbliuie {loliucsl ■‘entinienlh V hich eharaclciizcd I that they did not iniur the guilt. It declares,
hi* Vito ui.Mi the .Mavsville load til!, and hisvdo ] that “ ri. u. ns of e«ch l>tnte shall be-entitled to all
upon the l i!l nehsrttTin.: the Bank of the f’niltd j the prnileges of cilizciis in the several Mates’’
.'States; in fine, tho prm-laination has caiiet lied ali ) leavm? tin ir citi7inship in their States, and tiioir
llie polil eni iwiiliment* of bn whole previous hie ' allegiance lo them, iuitran>ferred—unmoksttsj.
which eiiOeatid hiiu lo the |>eople of the j In reference lo the jiroceedints m South I nro-
I'nited States, and ui»on which, he was re-clceted | lina, 1 will say luithir.g n.ore, than that 1 regret
lo the ^re^ld('ney ; all, are razed ond superseded i them exceedingly ; and iny regret is enhanced by
br the adoplion'and proniulralion. in that doeu- ' the iVar which I nlirtain, thet the proclaiualion
tiienl, of a national eoosolidation ercetl, stroi grr ' will bate an irritating, instead ol a tranquillizing
and holder than ever was proi'e»M!d by any ot lU i etirel U|»oli the coiioition ol that Slate. Soutli
niutl oistuiguislwd xolaries. lie now denies that i I'arobiia asserts her right lo luillify any cncroaeh-
i the ."stales air s.;w rcigii. lliey were not mi. he j im nl upon her rescr\ed lowers. I'jon the cor
Isays vvheii they formed the present Constimtion, ■ ruetni>s of this piinciple, u|ion which she pro|>o«.
h«^u>e Ihev h'sd l»-«*n united as Staten in then | os lo act, very distiivguisheu miri ditVer. Without
rraislancr to r.iigland, and Iwi'cre they Ueame j giving at this tune iiiy humble opinion upon the
SlaU s, they wue oniled as ciluMttt in their resis
tance of the same power—ergo, they iceie not
,t(ii erfiirn .Vfu/n—a palpable mm tefuitur. But
let me Ibr a moment inquire what infliienee the
I'nion of the provinces against tJreat Biilain
could possibly have U|«iii the iiulependeiieo whieh
Ihev achiivid Ibr tin inselves, by thcir triumph in
that c■ollle^t. Tlicy were united as colonial com-
niuniiies; aiul when they declared theinselves in-
de|M ndeiit of the molhi r country, it waa not their
im'ejiendem e as onr great cuiniunity. But their
I inde|« ndenee as Ihir/eni d.stinet |>olilical tsimmn-
! nines, as thirteen Sl.ttr^. They nU united in the
r, M rti..n ol tlie iiuii |s-nilenee of eiif A ; and they
Uhi//J Iheir efforts to liiainl .iii the inde|vndenee
! r.iul sosereignty of each Thry did iiiniiitain it.
'I'hcv iMcaitic, by the glorious issue of that eoii-
tr«t,’e:uh .•'ii imlepcnilent State. If they aie not
now- sovereign .liil s. il 11111'! Im' liecanse thiy
liine bei Tl melt, d up nnd consolidated into one
.'■’l:ile i or. if thal i' not the e:t-e, Ix cause each has
I U eoine tli. piovim c of sliiic other iwwcr, and of
I eour le subordinale to. and ilejs nilant ujnni, that
|«i\ver. No« Ii(h.ii ir’nit Stale is any one of the
' St,.I. s of the I IIion dep.'iu!5iit ’ To v\ hat is it
! Milmrdinate ’ .Not to I : »he was eon-
i strained by the muled voms of all to acknowledge
the imleoi ■le’enie of I II. h—not ti(>on any other
.'tate in II e liii.in, Ik .-.ri'C tlie State-of the I'nion
lire equal und reciprorullv ai know ledged by them-
to he to in tin ir i oiiNtiliitioiial eom»aet of
ibjecl, 1 will ray that |X)weis rrsctccd lo a Slate
wtthoul tl.e rcscrvid rights of preserving and
maintaining them, aie, in these consolidating
times, of but little avi.il.
Hut etiough upon this to me, very afflicting "ub-
jee.t, the I’resident was niy great .-\iiollo. 1 view-
ed him as the linn and t'larless ehaiiipicn of our
free institutions. I estemud him as a man, and
admired him as a hero ai d a slalesman. and 1
hailed his re-election to tl e I’resideney n.^ the har
binger of ft great goinl to the I'nitixl Stales. 1
rtattered niyseh, that U-tbre hi.- term of service ex
pired, he would, by his wise and |«itriotic adminis-
tration ol the t;. v. riiment, hare tranquillizwl the
eounlry, and rebuked into silence at lea«t, Ihe ///
svint of consolidation, whuh llirealeiied the lib
erty of the jHsjple, am! the Ireedom ot the States.
Ill ’fine, tJial under hi.s aiispiecN the t.uverniiieiit
would Ih> brousjht b.ick lo it.- iiimlliran tm k. In
deed, his late annuul mes-^.ige seemed r.itiially to
ha\e aehiovtsl all thal I antici[Miled. But the ef-
t'ectofthat most excellent document, has Uen
eompleti lv annulled by tlie proclamation, 'i'ho
two d®i niiieiits are perfcel onfi/wi.Vs. H> th
principles ot' the imssage, the I'nion would have
I'ccn pri served as by the .Kg is of freedom. I IHiii
the prineiph s of th.’ pr.'claination, it is not worth
prcsiivi ig, «\c'll lor pui>>ses of eoiu>>lidation,
ai'dcM nlual slavery. But I v> ill not d.-i«.ir.
The Slates and Ihe [H.'ple havebedi tliiniied by
the proehini.aion into the lem|v)r,iw !^liil«’r o!
aMoii>.shiiunt. It will pass o.f. They «ill nol
mIv -
I lion \\ III re. I ask a:;aiii, istlieiHi«er n(H>n ,
„ (ill'll tlie .stiiles are di hint ’ For. if bv their | follow t)ic rresidenl into tlieariiis ol l.is a.hersa-
r ,;/! ,:n"' .,c. l, aiiu a t-Mvnnls as Slat. -, in ' ii.>. They will .idhcrc to the ptii.c^cs ujKin
which Ihey elected him, and which he has so un
accountably abandoned.
liud the lubt annual message been ths last act
I of General Jackson's (lolitical life, or had he coil-
I tinued to act in accordancc with its principles, he
I would have been canonized by his •oiitcraporaries,
I and idolized bj the votaries of liberty in all timca
I to eomei
I But I am fatiguing you. I.et those who havo
: supported the President in the view lo his patron
age, follow him, and contend wilh the nationals
I (who w ill not hail him as a second Daniel) for
j ofHce. For myself, I shall remain devoted to iho
' priikcipli s of the annual message, until they shall
. be rc-a!>i(erted by the people, which 1 hope will bu
' the ease ere long. Your friend,
' JOHN rowan.
Ilon. Nathan Gaither.
dkbatl
In the Senate of the United States on the hill fur
ther to provide fur the coUcctiou of duties on
imports.
-Mr. Hrown, of North Carolina, took the
floor. He did not believe, he said, that hu
! should be able to say any thing to equal th«
I high intellectual entertainment which th«
'gentlemen who procrded him in this discus*
jsion had furnished to the Senate. But he
would endeavor to remiinei^te w hatever at
tention the Senate inigJit give to his plain,
homely fflbrt, by the brevity of his remarks,
j [f he had consulted the admonitions of dis*
jCretion, rather than of duty, he should havo
'■ b*en silent, nor have ofl'ered to oppose his
views to those of penllemcn of sucli distin-
j ^ui3lled ability. But the bill before tho
Senate involved questions of such magni
tude, that he could not content himself with
a silent vole u|Kjn if. The subject was of
high interest to the State which he had the
honor in part to represent, both as a mem
ber of the common Union and in reference to
her peculiar position, Isjrderingas she does
upon, the State out of whose legislation arose
this question. 'J'iiis obligatioD of duty de
rived additional force from the Resolutions
of the State of North Carolina, instructing
her Senators to exert tlieir influence to ob
tain a jHactable adjustment of this con-
itroversy,” and to produce a resioration of
' harmony between the Federal Government
and the State of South Carolina. While
, it always aflbrded him pleasure to comply
with the request of his constituents, in
, obeying their injunctions on this occasion,
I he (bllovved also the dictates of his ow u
judgment and ardent wishes. It was his
'earnest hope that this contest, which was
now assumifig an an^ry and threatening
aspect, should l« settled in a peactablo
manner. He need not .say that he disap
proved of the course of South t’arolina, or
that his State disapproved of it. Her cours#,
he thought, had ^en rash .nnd uncalled for
by the exigency of the times. She should
have relied, a> he diii, upon a constitutional
remedy ; tipon the returning sense of justice
in the jieople of the Northern and Eastern
.States; and upon the wisdom and patriotism
assembled in the Legislative Halls of the
I country. But the State cf South Carolina
thought differently, and took redress into
her own hands. She was responsible to
herself Ibr lu r course. It v»as not his busi
ness to sit in judgment upon her, but to e.x-
press on his uw ti part, and that of his State
.disapprobation of her courtie.
j The bill, though proi>osing on its face to
lie general in its application, was manii’estly
■ intended to be applied to South Carolina
'alone. Though the name was uot written
; under the picture, he who runs may easily
read. What is the proper way of settling
this (piestion ? What course is most likely
to lead to a peaceable adjustment of it ? This
is the question before us. The Committee
on the Judiciary must excuse him, it', not-
w ith-tanding the hioh resjH Ct he entertained
for their talents, he should w-holly dissent
I from the spi cilic remedy which they pro-
()Ose. He did not Ivelievc that the bill by
them presented to the Senate, was calculated
to carry out the gloriousj, the ine»timabla
principle of oiir institutions, that ourgovern-
meiit should l»e essentially pacific in its
remtHlies. He Iv.’lievcd that, in its conse
quences. It would Ik' attended with violence,
and perhaps lend to civil war. He objected
to the provision which authorized the re.
pulsion by force of any attempt to execute
the laws of South (^arolina iu reference to
the revenue, 'I'o that provision he mainly
objected, but there were some other pro
visions of minor iin|>ortanco which did not
meet his assent. It'any one principle was
, In-tter o.-tablislied than another, in reference
'to our institutions, it was that the military
I should be subordinate to the civil authority.
If any one principle w as sacred, it was this.
, It was one which no emergency justified us
' in departing f rom ; one which constituted
tho sery essen«-e of a rt'publiean form of
; jjoveriimeot, and w ithout which tree msti-
i tutions could not e.xist. W hen we estab
lish the doctrine that niiltary authority nmy
step III to execute the law, lieforc the ju
diciary h.is exerted its powers, then the es-
si'iice and spirit of our institutions are e.s.'en-
tially changed. It has lieen our boa>t that
III eases where other nations resi>rt to war,
we resort to n | eaci'ful ninde ot aftainin" a
si'tllement of the question ; nnd to the ju-
dicial tribmiais is roininiifed the adminis
tration of these pt'aeel'ul measures. He did
not at all object to tin’ 'itio aiimim-tratitin
und operation of tlie laws of the Vuitcd