& FARMEHS’ JOIJRNAIi.
KVERY KATl'ItOAY, IIV THOMAS J. H)I,T«N.... llAIlI-«yrrF, MK( KLK\illhu; C(»l NTY, NORTII-CAROLl.^A.
J WILL ■nc*t n T) ritiK K thic ^>wki.s or tiik kartii and hrin(i out from thk » avkhmi ok tin: hoi ntaiNh, mktai.s w iiirti w ii.i, give ktkknc i h t^oiiii hands anu hijiiJf.ct all natijrk to our use ani> pliasuhe.—ioR. JOHMSOif.
SATl Rl>AV, IH33.
NO. 130.
THE
'ifiBrt*?*’ & Fariiiel*«' Journal
' (lut publiitlied every Suturday nuirmiiff
atViro IM^of ■‘Ivunrc ;
\ao Dill^ri and Fifty ( mU if not paid in ad-
fhrre DolUiri it U*' end of llie yt-ar.
pUTvTJSKMKNTS will be inirrtcd at f\fty
■ntii pi'f cxccpding 20 liiiri,) for the
prsi inm-rtion, and 35 ct ntn Ji>r cach »uccttdin{:
jj_or *l lor wcckit, ibr mw iK|uarc.—
A lilKiul di'O'"’* " ^
advcruwbyllip.vaf' (L OnaliidvcrtiHcnifnU
c..minunirti*-d for |.ubli atioii. the i.uinU-r of
i„w:rtioii» must N- noU d on tlic iiiurgiii of tli.
innnuscrip*. or tiny »*ll Ik: cwiitinufd until
forhul.and chargifl «ecordin,fly.
• All cimmunieation» to tin h^iitor munt comp
irie of lliry »"»y ^ attfininl lo.
Tin: MAIthK-l^ ^
^'HARI.F>T«)N, MAKCH II, Ki.l.
roHon.»iia loland. 19 a ; upland, new. |0J a
10) Kicf, prime, ‘ij » -’i i infrrior to ?o.xJ, ‘.'i a
‘•i Flour. »«prf>ntj, 6 a (X>; ’orn, W a
oi».4'aW; Whuki-y. X5 a 3(i; N. i;. Kiini,
37 a AH' ^M*dy. 0 “f
itax 17 a'XI; T»Uo«.ta/o]»na, 11 a II/; Mack-
enl’ No. I, Oi; No.2,il: IUcwi.fi a 7; I Urn.,
J1 a l-2i; Urd. 8 a »j I Naili-. tut. .IJ a C . .
rij'lit; nor even thouglit of bp doing. 'I'lie
(Joverntneiil has, liowt-vor, imt Ixjeti con.
tented with exrrcising (liis power as slie
Imd a right to do, hut had ffune a stc|i Ik’-
yoiid it, by laying iin|>osts, not for revenue,
iKJt for protection, 'i'his, the State con
sidered as an unronstitutional exercise of
power—higlily injurious and oppresstvo to
her nnd tlic other Btaplc Stnicp, and had
acrordinj;ly met it w ith the most d«‘ieniii!i-,
ed reiiista'ice. lie diil not intend to enter,
lit tliii time, into tlie urgument, as to the
uiicoiistitutionahty of the proU'c^ive svHtem.
It uus not iKX'OHsary. It ih Kuliicimt that
tiK! power in no whore grunted; and that
frojii the jourtuilH of tlie (/'unveiition Mliich
forined the Constitution, it would seem that
it had bwn refused. In EUpport of the
jourii^tlB, he nii{{iit cite the tftjtern‘nt ofj
Luther Martin, which hud been almnly ro-
I'errfd to, to show that the Convention, so
far from conferriii" thn jtower on the I ede.
ral (ioternuK lit, had li')\ to the State the
right to iiii|xwe duti«-s on iin|K)rl.s with ttie
expri’M Mew of cnahlin;; thescvcnil States
to protect th»*ir own niaiuifiictures. .Not-
with'itandini; tliis, Con^^n-NM lial assiinied.
and extends, of course, as well to the judi- latter in tiie nrjrative, as he must, then it
ciary, os to the other departinrnts of the ! is clear, his elaborate argument to the con-
(Jovernmiiit. 'J'he article provides fhnt all ' trary notnithstandin", tliat the rcjwrt of Mr.
pow(!r?, not delegated to the I'niled States, Hiitledfre was not in substance adopted as he
or prohibited by it to the States, are reser-! contend«'d; and that the Journals, so far
ved lo the States respectively, or to the j from ^up;)ortiii", are in direct opposition to
people. Tiiis prtsents the iiHjiiiry, what the position which he attempts to maintain,
powers are delegated to the I 'nited States ! lie iniftht push the aix'nment much further ' chievously extended; and, to that extent ho
'I'hey may be clasnf'd under four divisions: i against tlie power of the court, but ho did was constrained, in candor, lo acknowledge,
First, those that are delegnted by the States not deeni it t'cccssary, at least at this stage j as he wished to disguise nothing, the pro
to cach other, by virtue of v\hich the Con- .ofthe dis-u.--.«ion. Il'the views which had toctive principle was recognized by the act
stitution may be nlteied or amended by 1 already ber-n presented bi; correct, and he ^
Ihree-l'ourths of the States, when, without 'did not see how they could l>e resisted, the
w hich, it would have required the imaninious I conclusion was inevitable, that the reserved
vote ot’all. .Next, the powers conferred nil powers wore reserved einally a;;ainsl every j for only on the ground that the principld
C’otigress; then thos? on the IVe^ident; and, department of the (Jovernment, and as was then new, nnd that his attiintion was
finall), those on the .ludiciul Dopartinenl; strongly against the judicial as against the j engaged by another important subject; tho
all ot'w hich are |>articubrly enuiiierated other dcpartiiifiits; and of course were left , question of the currency, then bo urgent,
re-action, which has since thrown her so
decidedly on the side of tho protective poll*
cy. The other error was that, as to coars®
cottons, on whicli the duty was as much too
high, as that on iron was too low. It itl«
traluced, besides, the obnoxious minimum
principle, which has since been flo niis«
of 181(j. How this was overlooked, at tha
time, it is not in his power to say. It csca*
ped his observation, which he can account
• 'in"'u ; fc; 'baU Ko|k-, 0 .10 crr.i,; with.ut any warrant troiii li.e ( onvtitiition,
bf^y. Holl'U'd (im. 1(«I • ' Uwi ru.lit >| cx*-rci»ing tlii? most important
r, Iron, Ku«u and H a 45 (nr |l«.; power, and iiad bo exerci.-tej it. as to miiikjmj
.1, LiTcrp^.in bajfiof 4 bu»h. H a l|i in bulk. , ^ ru,nf,(w) burden on the labor uiui carntul of
Ul»niT l.lind.4^_a;'«.Su,y lla.an. 10| n-sourccs were
Ml; brown. 7 a roil ami Jam. 7 a :'J : I , ; . i
J.i >rl.aM. 6* a H; Mol.-.-., t ulwi. a ' exhauMeil—the tiijoy n.uf.t* ot In r nli/^-ns
«Mi-an», M a W ; (V^Vc. |>iiiiicgr»cn, 14 a l.’>; jCurtniM—the means of cduculioii con-
.rior (o Kood, l‘.fa I3J; lly.on'iVa, 77 a !*0 «-t». imrtrJ—and ull h^r intr ro-t^ oyntiall)
NorUa.rolina ^i^y, U ■ Hr' »”■ *"*- ;,„d immli. i>u‘.h alii ricd. Wo have iM-rn
.a!. SartniKli liftnk HiiU 1 iwr crnt ai*wuul; • ^ , . i i '.i . i ii .
other i.eofgia lUnk 11.11. 1 and U I^rctut. >'t’ ««"' » ;
_ that Ik-t ix'pul.itioti did lujt mucli excecd
in the parts of the t’onstiliition which or- ' under the exclusive vvill of the States,
gaiiizcs the re*.;>rclive departtneni*. 'J'he j 'I'l.pre still remained another inisrepre-
resenation of power-' to the States is, as ^ of the conduct of the Slate, which
he hassaid, against the whole, nnd is as full I i,,j3 (jcen made with the view of cxcitmg
against the judicial, as it i.s ngninst 'I'P'cKJium. lie alluded to the charge that South
executive and legl^lativo deprf ments of the ; Carolina supported the 'I’arill of IpIG, and
(lovermncnt. It could n..t lx‘ claimed for „ tlicrefore ras|)oiisible for the protective
the one, w ithont claiming it lor the whole, sv.strin. 'I’o dftermme the truth of this
and widioiit, in I'iu I, anr;ulling tliis impor
tant proM>»ion of the (’on^titution. .\gainsl
thi«, as it a[i|ieared to him, conclusive view
of the wibjr ct, it has lieen urged that tliis
CAMDIIN, .MAKrif 1C
r.«»iry I'rodufr.—’oJton. 9 a 101; Corn .V> a
, W ln»l. Ml a *7 . rwintry, IJ . 41 ; I’>.t-
7 a 10; \N tii«k*y, 3j a 40; Ilrautly, Apple,
t t'j ; rt.ch, 4'i a W.
fx>pu):t
huH'a ritilien t souls; and that mr.n- tlitui
on^ baif w»T«' iK.t ol tlic l)uro;»caii nice.—
■ The fact* wcr^* w>. II'- knew khe lu-ver
I could Ke n greit .''‘iat>‘; and that the i.nly
di«tiuctK n to winch »hc cotjlJ aspire mukt
br bax d »>n (ho hi >n»l and int llectual ac-
|uircm uts (.f h* r (x>n*. 'I’o tiie d. vi lop-
I bcrij (!irertfJ; hot this re'itnctivo «\ ■■ti'iii,
which had so l)nJl)^tly exarii-dthe prixceds
' of her lailxir, to !«• ^ «.tnwcil on oth r sec-
tio’is, had i!;i;»airr d the ro-oiirccs of the
Stu'.*’, that if cioi •|»e« dilv arn-nte), it wi*nld
dry up the nxwins of cdiuation. and w itli it
d« j>ri»e her of the faily «'irce tlirrvigh
which she cfMjid umpire t > diNlitKtion.
There wns another tntv>-ta!eaient as to
DKIIATi;
- thf .'^natf of thr I 'lutfd Suic. on tlip lull fur
u„r loprov.d. u>rthc coUection of du.K. Vhes^. much «f he'r attnitio,. Imd
lU-[X'!t».
Mr. t’Al.norN rose ood addroMiod tin*
*iiate.
U- kn*‘w not whirh, he said, was nK>^t
a/eciionahlc, th** prj^wion ol ihc hiH, or
he temjicr lu which it* id«ptioii hau b^eii
rjed. If the rxtraordiiiary p««en wiih
Lirh the bill proposed lo clothe the Ilxe- i
itue, to the utter pr*tration of the .
Mi'titution. and the righn of the Stat-s,'
calculated to imprew ,Atr with '•■■'■‘rf'er.y so lre,|„.nii>
,;5rn, at the rapid progrr.s of d.-^p«l.-m ; * > «’ 'l '•''Irnlnlcl to
II Hir country ; iIh' zrnl with which every nusjc.id. tiint ho b it bo.iiKl to notirr ,t.—
inunutiuce, calcuhlt'^l to mifrepresetit i.r , I’eeii said, that J^sith K irohna cl iiins
rate t»»e cotKluct of ('ar-.liiia m thr , f.animl the (•.,:.viil.ition and la«>
' i\rv^■n;, wa««-iz^l .lO. with a v*. * t .'"'’'•»« «
. III b'**.dftv n^nnm^t hfr, but too plainK 'cl.mn. thf* gf-ntU-'nan Irom \ ir-
jtu'd the cki p decav of Oat broUKTlv t'lnia Mr. Him -.) h»- yrav. lv f,uotel th-
r,u - ^hi. h o«,i:c exi-'tvd bctwi wi ‘ tho Cr,n>litiition
and to which wc ure iii.icbtcl lor I m:.do in (Hir^uancr thereol
•ir Unjtiful Fetkral It wa« ii. t "'Jprt'nic laws ol the land ; as it the
jr.tmiion. h. -«id, to advert to all the. cla.ii.od the right to act contr.Yy to
..•^>pf rnUtiOQs, but thcrt> »rorc some s.. r'-'‘I'f* ‘ « n«t.((ition. N.^.i-
• I calculated lo mi*loa«l tho miiKl, as to '"2 errr.r,-ous: her i»hj*. t i,-
■ r^al rhanKTtcr tl*e contrcv.T>v, and ^ r’>r«nnrr ol the
Ithr .l«to Ml a light *. .«lio»u. that ’''i>«titwt.i.n, but th^so ma.lc without itsau-
iW\ nuKM him*-lf juMitkd hi [h rmit. an.l nhirh encroo.-h on »i-r r»*« r-
I g them to pas. unnoticed. |H.v>rrs. .‘^ho rhums not i vcii the ri-ht
Amon* iliofn. one of the iiK>it pr'in»nent JudeiiiE of tho delognl.-ti powrr> but ol
asthofd* Maloment. lhat th. obj.x l of' r. served, and to n-ivt the
mtli.rarohna wo-s lo exem,4 h-rself from wh n t’.ry cncro:,. I. u[w,n Ihi- Ut-
r >: .sre of tlic public burlhrnj., while she , «"!•• He w.ul.l i«.usc to illiMratc tins im-
ilicipaled m the advantages oJ the (Jov.
-*^:.t. If the charge were tnje—if the j V!1 niu't adnitt lhat there ;;re dflepatci!
ft lie vnre ca[>ablc of Uing actuated hv and roMrvwl powers; and thil t!ie |>«>\\ers
- h low ami uii\»orthy ni liv.*!*, iiKHher as reserved arc r. u rve.J to the States
'* rrti-i!fr.*l her, he »ould not stand upKi ivcly. The powers th^'n of tl.*' Hovern-
(Vv>r to vimhratc her cofhliict. Amotm mcnt a'v divided l>et«'n tl.e (ieneral and
ter aiMl lault* ho wiiuld iH>t lirny *hi- State Miverniiu nt ; and the | oint iiiinx'di-
i-1'l. irf* oK! h:.d «vrr Tct clKirged her with atelv under c.>iiMdT..I."ii i^, wh'-tlirr a
Hit pi'v iii.ii tiKwl Hordid of viM'^—avarice. State h.is miy right to jiid^’' lo tin' ex-
1'rr.tii.'iu i>n nit occa>ions had >)uen mark- tent of it« rf«ervrd p*iw rs, ;ii.d to d*-l'i nd
'• ».th t:.e vorv upfn>Mte qii tlity. I'lum , th -iii against th" encr-Mchnif nts rf the lie-
r.ininnMi' eiiient ol tin- revolution—from ■ n‘ral t Mivcriiiiiont. ithi'iit pciiiig dH'|-ly
fi!M br«-akiiij out at lUi*-ton, till this into this pAir.t. at this st.iue if tie' arj(U-
'"ir. no.''! itr liad l»e-n mure prolusr of its mcnt. or lofikitig into the nalun anJ origin
' m IIk; tjuso cf the country : nor hud of the i«vcriim'iit, tlic re w isa Mn.i>le
contrib^itfd ^ i largely to the cotnnion view of the .suhjc. t whu h 1) coii'idi re.l as
r'ii'irv, in prip«irtioii to her wealth and coi.clu'-ivr. ’J’he vrrv id>-;» nt a divided
- j Ui.iiidi), St,f> had in that pro|>ortion jmwcr, iiiiph' il th‘ tight, on the juirt ol the
'>i':rd.ut(.d inoro tn the exports of the .'^laio. fur which h.' conlcndi'd. J he ex-
' on th« ex( hangc of whu h, with the ' pres■^lon wn inetapliorn al when npplicil lo
'I jf tiir world, the prei.ti r por'.ioii of i jMiwrr. I'.very one rcadijv iind“isiaiuis
'I" ;siW ( burden had N cn leTird, thaf. j that liin div iMon of matter coiiM-ts in the
r.v Staff-. No. the coiitrovr rsy was srp;iratioii of the |.artfl. I’.ul, in Ihis sense,
‘Ill'll as has liocn stiitod ; tho Stiile did it was net applicable to power. V\ hat then
' f''ek to pait.ci'iate in the advantagi's ol I IS meant by a diviiion ol [xiwer ^ He
•rmneiii without cnnlribiitiii,^ Iht could not cone.Mvc a division, without ;iv-
' ’iiiirr to the public treasury. M r oh- j mj; an equal rcht to each to judge ol the
•'I «.isfnr(iil|ir'iit. \ d-cp cor>'titution- fxtciit of tho (M>wer allotted to (.ich. Such
i''l'i'-MK»n hv at tho iM.ttnin of the rontro- ri;:ht he held to l>e ens.-ntial to tho exis-
'• f'V. 'I'lir re:il quf stion at is^ue i., has | ti-iice of a ihvision ; and tluit lo give to ei.
iovfrnnifnt a rij.dit to iinp«*c l urdi'iix , ther parly tho contdir-ive ri;;ht ot ju.li>ing
pi >'i'- rii|iit,tl !,i)tl mdu«tr\ of .me portion , nut only the nh.ire allotted to it, but iv| that
P‘ o. iintf\, Dot with a vd w to rcveniio,
l*'iti'i VtrK.iit anothor 'and lie ni.i'l lie |«!r-
I 'III' ! I,) H.^y^ ,1„. |y„„ „,nl J^,.|
allotl'-d to the other, was to nnniil the ili-
vision, ,ind would conl'or the whole power
on the paitv v> --ted with such right. Hut
and with w hich, as chairman of tho com
mittee, he wos particularly chargcd. Witl»
lliesc exceptions, he again repeated, he saw
nothing in tho bill to condemn. Yet, it
was on the ground that the members from
the State had voted for that bill, that tha
attempt is now made to hold up Carolina a3
responsible for the whole system of protec-
cliarge it l»ccomes necet-sarv to ascertain I Ims since ibilovved, though sho
the real character of lhat law—whether it j •'«’ resislcd its progress in every stage—
was a tarilf for revenue or for protection; " there ever greater injustice? .\nd
which presents the inquiry of what was the I'ow was it to be accounted for, but as
pow.T is evj.rcssly conferred on the Su- „f the country at that p* riod ?® part of that systematic misrep-
prrriie (Jonri, b\ that portion of the Con- j hc late war with (Ireiit Crilain had just resentation and calumny, which has been
stitution which j.rovides, that the judicial teruiiiialed, which, with the restrictive sys-' for so many years, without inter-
|)owcr shall extend to all cases in law anil ((.,!, t[,at preceded it, had .livertcd a large ruption, against that gallant and generous
equity, arismir under the (\)n?titution, the ' ainount of capital and industry from com- ^ And why has she thus been assail-
laws of the I niteil."States, and treaties m.ide | |„eree to manufactures, particularly to the ■ -Merely because she abstained from
under their authorMy. Me Ulievrd the cotton and ww.llen bnmches. There was a ’ °ny part in the Presidential canvass;
assertion to l>e utterly destitute of any fjej.t at the same time of one hundred and believing that it had degenerated into a
foundation. It obviously was the intention iij,rty miliion>i of dollars hanging over the mere system of imposition on the people ;
of the Coii'litution simply to make the jii-j ^.p,„)’|ry . i),o ln-jvy war duties were j‘^'^’’^'‘olled, almost exclusively, by those
dici.il [Kjwer coiiinieiisurat»5 with the li*"- wtill in exi-ittnce. I ndrr thesecircumstan-i object it was to obtain the patron*
making and tnyity-iinking powers; and to ccs the ijuestioii wa3 presented, to what jthe Government; and thaf, without
vest It with the right of ajipKiiig the Con- |M>int the duties ought to 1h^ rrdi'ctd ? 'J'hat regard to principle or policy. Standing
stitution, the law.s, and troaiies, to the ca- (|i;,..v|,on invohe.l another—at what time apart from what she considered a contest,
STS which might arise uinler them ; and not t^e dciit ouoht to be paid I which was a 'in which the public had no Interest, sho
to make it tno judge of the Constitution, (jnestion of policy, involving in its consid-1 hxs been assailed by both parties, with a
the law*, and the ireat.rs thein-ielves.— crution all the ciiciimstances conuectcd with | fury altogether unparallelled; but which,
In fact, tho [M.wer of applying the laws to ||,^. ti,o„ ,,f i|,j> cr/jntry. Among pursuing tho course which she believed
the fai ls nf the-cav, .nnd li* oKjnig uikui (j,e prominent arguments in f.ivor of lil)erty and duty required, she has met witU
such appli« ;ition, constitutes in truth the an early dii-ebar"'‘of the debt, was that the | a firmness equal lo the fierceness of tho
judicial |xiwcr. The di.'lin -tion Lctw»>oii jj.j(|es whii h it would require, toelToct ,assault. In the midst of this attack, ho
su h f-.*er, and that of judging the law«, j(^ woulil have at the siune time the eflect had not escaped. With a view of inthct-
woiild b I ' rli (.l!y apparent when wi- ad- of subtaining tl'.e infant nianullicturcs,which j mg a wcund on the State, through him, ho
V' :t to what is t'-e ai k'iowledg» d [x- wor of „p undfr tho circumstances had been held up as the author of the pro-
the V>urt 111 rcieronce to treaties or com- („ which he had adverted. This view of, lective system ; and one of its most strenu-
p;i:ts ix twcen sovereign-!. It was perfect- the subjoi t had a decided inliueiice in deter-| ous advocates. It was with pain that ho
1\ i-'.tuLln.lud. l!;at the CuurN have no right milling in fav. r of an early pavmenl of the j alluded to himself, on so deep and grave a
lo jiidire of the violation of In aties; and j^bt. Tiie sinkiii" fund was accordingly suhjoct as that now under discussion; and
that, in roierence to them, their [K^iwer i» raised fioin seven lo ten millions of dollars,, which, he sincerely believed, involved tha
liitiited to the r r;',,t of jiiflcin^, simply of with the [>ro\ i.sion to apply thtsurphis whichlilwrty of the country. He now regretted,
the violation of ri"*its un^j-r tht iii; and niiglit n iiiain in the'I’reasiirv. as a contm-^ that under the sense of injustice, whicU
lhat the right of juiLinu of infrai’tions be- ' ^ont appropriation to that fiiiid; and the du-' the remarks of a Senator from Pennsylva-
longs oxclu-'ivelv to the pnriifs thom^elves, nr.4 were gnid'.iated to ineel this increa.sed nia, (Mr. ^VILKI^•?,) excited for the mo-
and n« t to the Courts; of which we have . i.j^j^encitnre. It was thus that the [«>licv ment, he had hastily given his pledge ta
an exnmple ill the I'lciich treaty, vvhich !ju^jicp t,f [jrotccting the large amount defend himself against the charge which
was de !ur( J by Congres-s null and void, in of capital ar;ii industry, vvhicli had beeu di- ■ had been made in reference to his course
coii-wqooncM of Its violation by tlic l!ov- sorted b\ the iiiea.euns of the (tovernmcnt, ! in 1"10; not that there would be ony ditli-
enini'nt «f I'rance. W ithoiit such ! c!a- |,,to ni.w- channels, as ho had .stated, was culty iu repelling the charge, but because
ration, had a I'rciirh citizen-^ut.-d a citi/.en oornhiiifd w ith the fiscal action of the (Jov-. he ft It a deep reluctance in turning tho
of lilts country under the tri aty, the Court rrniiK ut, and which, while it secured a discussion, in any degree, from a subject ol
coul.l have tak. ii no cognr/.nnco of its in- ' prompt paviiient of the debt, prevented the ' so much magnitude to one of so little im-
fmctiun; nor atler bu. h a declaration, ;urtTs. which P«’rtaticc as tho consistency or inconsisJen-
would It have heard any :!r;riiinont or prooi „t,uld have toUowed a sudden an.l great re-; of himself, or any other individual;
pom;: I" w t;iat the tr(.L.t\ had not ken .jui tion. Still, revenue was tho great ob- j particularly in connexion with an event so
Vinland. ■ joct,.-indrrot. t’tior,l-uttheincidenTal. The |lo"? since passed. Bui for this hasty
The d '.jralit n t f it'Clf wa.s rrncJusivc Lill to reduno tiu- dute s were n'jK.>rled by the plidge, he would have remained silent as
on the Ciurt. l!ut it wi.uld be- asked how Committeo of W ays and .Means, and not of, course, on this occasion; ami
the court obtainrd iho pnv.. rs lo ,:ronounce >!Biiufactures; aud it proposed a heavy re- j "^ul‘> patience and calm-
a law or troatv unconstitutional, when tin v duction on the then CMsting rate of duties.
coniT III co:i!lict with lhat iii.-trumcnt ’ Mr , wiial of its. If. without other evidence, sentalioiis with w’hich he had been so m-
did not deny that it possesses tho right, but \va“ decis.vt- as to the character of the bill, cessiuitly assailed lor many years,
hi- cculil by no niLaiis concede that it was is the ficl ll-at it li\''d a much higher rate j The char^c lhat he was ihe author of
«lerived from tho Constitution. It !iad its of lutios on the unprotected than on the the protective system had no other founda-
ori-iii ui the necessitv of the casi*.— protect'd aiticle. Mo would enumerate a ; ticn butthat he, in common with the almost
U here there arc- two or nuiro rules estab- liw leading .articles only : wi>ollcn and cot- j entire South, gavo his support to the tarilT
lished, one from a higher, the olher from , t.mi abovu tho value of cents on the I of i-10. It is true, that he advocated
a low. r autiior.lv, which iiiight coit>o mt.i s(piare yartl, thouuh they were the loading that mea.«ure, for which he might rest his
'•onllict, in np}.lving theiii to a particular ol'iet Is t>f protection, were subject to a per- defence, without taking any other, on tho
ease, tiie jiidiie could not avoid pronouncing I manent duty of only 'JO per cent. Iron, ground that it was a tarilf for revenue, an«I
III fuvor of the si:j>cri'tr again.sl the inferior, another leading article among tho pro- iiot for protection; w hich he had cstablisij-
It was from this necessity, and this alone, tected, had a prote ction of not more tlian 9 I c*l beyond the power of coutroversy.-—
that the iK>wrr winch is now set up to over- |)cr ccct. as fixed by the act, and of but l-i ^ lUit his s(teech on tiie occasion had been
rule Ihe rights of the States, agninst an as reported in the lull. 'I'he.'e rates were , brought in jutlgmcnt against him by tho
express provision of the Constitution, was all U lovv the average duties as fixed in the ! Senator from I’ennsylvania. He hadsmco
derived. It had no other origin. That act, including tho protected, the unprotec-j cast his eyes over the speech ; and he would
he had Iricetl it to its tnie so*.irco, would ted, and even the free articles. Mr. ('. surprise, he had no doubt, the Senator by
bo nianili'st li"i i the fact, that it was a «aid ho had entered into some calculation m , telling him that, with the exception of
power which, so far fmin being conferred order lo ascertain the averag.' rate of duties ' some hasty and unguarded expressions, that
exchisivelv on the Supreme Court, as was in the net. 'I'here was some uncertainty . he n^tracted nothing he had uttered on that
insisted, ^hnged to every court—inferior , m tho data, but he full assun-d lhat it was , occasion. Me only aked that he might bo^
andsujK'nor—State and iici;eral—and even | not less than 130 per cent, iid ri/orcm judged in reference to it, iu that spirit oC
to foreign courts. I showing un excess of the average duties ' lairuess and justicc which was dtio to tha
Tut the S» nator from IHewaro, /\lr. j ab*ne that impo-K-d on the [»‘otectcd articles , occasion; taking into consideration the cir-
Ci WTON )reliPsonlhe.IourDaLsofthcCon- l-"iimerated, ofnu-re than !(» |>er cent., and ' cumstances under which it was delivered,
veution to prove that it was the intentionof, lii’JS •^l^’arly e.lHbliKhm- Ihe charncter ol, and l>earing in mind that the subject was a
that iHxlv to confer on the Supreme Cmirt 1 tl'« measure, tiiat it was lor revenue and ; ,a, iif for revenue, and not for protection;
the ri«hl of (leci.hn^ in the last resort lie- ' not protection. I for reducing and not raising the revenue,
twoen a State and the C.eiieral Covernm. nt. L^K.king Uick. even at this distant pen-: lUit, belore he explained the then condition
Mo would not follow iwm through the jour- oil, with all our experience, he [H.'rceived | ot the country, Irom which his mam argu-
n«ls as he did not dc.-m lhat to be ne«^s- but two errors in the act; the one inrifer-; ments in favor ot the measure were drawn,
K.^ry to refute Ins argument. It was sulli- , once to iron, and the other the minimum ; it wns nothing but an net of justice to him-
-nt for thi^ i'.ir[)os«5 to state, that Mr. Uut- duties on cwirse cottons. As to the former, | self, that he should state a tact m connexion
!i;i'ninf tliiH ciiiitrover-'v, it whs witli . it in coiili-iuleil that ihe ( iin'lilutiou has
'irtiriv, tjiat ||(. |M'rreivi-d !*«t»*.rong a dis j eonferrod on the Supreme ( o.irl the richt
-‘'^Uion to iiiisreproienl its real cliHnictor. | of pidgiiig Ik Iwocii the St.it.-s jiiid ih*- lio-
lo I irrci.f (iif, iiiqii-csiiMin, which those | neral ttov.'rnii.*'iit. 'I hose who make this
n;irfpri'*.ntations were CHl'iilHt«-il lo make, I objot tioii, ovcrlooko.l, In- conc«-ivi-d, an im-
woiiiH dwell on Ihe point under coiiside- portant provision ol the Con»>litiilion. Hy
ali'tii |nr a ti-w i.ioinenls louder. timiiiij; lo tho Idth amended ailicle ol the
111'- I'-’dornl (iovrrninoiit has by an ex- ; Con^tiiiition, it will bo seen lhat the reser-
priivismn if the Coiisdtiition. tho I viilion of jiower to the States is not onlv
'nl>l to lay ,gi imports. Tl.o Siaf-1 against the (>cwers d*-lot;afed to Congress,
iscvrr denied, or even resisted this but ajamut the l aitcd States thctrsclvcs;
|»roposil.-.- , . . „ .
would al.soa>k the Senator w hether this very ' 7-scents the hundred weight; but, in the last
eritilroversy belwoni tlio I’nited States and , stnse of its passage, it was reduced by a
.Smth t^irohna might not have been brought [■sort of capricc, occnsioncd bv an unlorfu-
Imliire the ('ourt ? Mo would iiLsoask him, t nalc motion, to t-*) cents. T iis iiijiis|ice
whether it could l>e broiigl.l before the court | was s«'verely li lt in I'etiiisv Ivanin, the State,
as tl»e ('onstitulion now sinnds ? If he an- ' alvive all others, mast pr.Mluctivo ot iron; , ..... .1 I) InirbaiiK
swori the former in tiie ollirmativo, and the and was the principal cj'.’.sc ol that great House, he aJludcH o>.a . • g
the Houst', os appears from the speech aa
printed, forotlering his si-ntinients on tho
juostion without having duly reflected oil
tho subject. It was dehvcrtMl at tho re-
quost t>f a friend, w hen he had not pre
viously the least iuloiitionol rddressing tha