mNERlS’ & FARI9IER8’ JOVR]!^ALt.
. !■! H^H^ KVEIt V HA 1 I;r]»A Y, j. lI«)l,TON....CIIARI «m K, TIElin:FTNBTrii;7oixT^
_ ™ A^O or THK ..O^NT..N«. MrTAU.
VOl^. IV. -
HATL Rl>AY, AUmJST 9, lHli4.
NO. 201.
NOTICE^
That I iproim sir. Miln llill to collect Ihr
inoucj uowr du* m.i-aud wbat iii.y be here-
liter tlue; a»l bu|>c tlinl all who ii may cunci-ro,
vill •iwt'd to him. «• 1 do not, or cannot callect,
«*' •ccouot of Ui. itianjr olhar thing* that
I biTf to attend to.
JOHN MAfaNXlS.
y„;y2l.l634_
t’Ol
DK.C. MOHRISSON
H.\M ju»t rireivcd a apriiiK Rup|ilr, comprii-
iiiK a Urge iiock anil variety oi
nMtly p'll up ill aiz«a to »uit rhyticiana, Faroiiira
and .Mirchant*. AIm> a verjr uxteomve auMirt-
uant f/f coarK and fine
NO-ncK. ' . li‘AUa‘tf3£,
I HEREBY foiiwain tii« public not to trade i f^oinl Ttnixhrn, Copal Varnish, No. ]
fM a iVo*. pi*"" Ui« utid'raigDtd to Tho \Mn*li)ie GlatJ, Gold Inaf,
p,u A. M. ra, tor T»o Hundred IWUri. due K«b. Pvtftj, Smnlt
i l^s^UUriaU, SanH
i ilUMAS DWIUIIT. Glue, ^r. ^
/ii/>36.1834. Si'jtf Siti'fiiral anti Iff iitiHrk
F(»f PuMiatiirg in tlif lown ol MorcanUio, >.C. - ’
A WEKKI.Y NKWSPaI'EK.
TO ir prvorrn to
POMTK-H, MI KRVTI HE,
AXU CK>KR^I- 1MKI,I,I«.|;>
i!ii.r.a tJiB TtTix or
thk .noi'.^TAi.^ sricoi T.
[bV RTMVtSr.]
Frnm the llirhmond Enqvirrr.
THL KWKFI’ING IXXTUINK.
iS’Aa/. Furmtluft, (iold I'otl PttctUitl Trrih.
He ha» «!io procured tJic very convenient and
uaeiul iirccie ot'
•lifiliriMr i'hrals^
which arc fa.nished to »u*i the dik^are* of thia
i-|imatr.
AImi, a gon>i Kipfily and r xr llont quality of
l*KRFl MIKKV.
IN looVinf around tn M-arch of an eli);tble fitu ,
ati n l^r tiir otabluhment of hini««lf in buai
iM«. with a 'eawoable proapect of rrceivinir and ; Fancy and ( aHilr S»xip, Ixtrnlliird'fi b«*»t Protch
iiapailinir benefit by hi* tabora, th. alttntiMi ol  t^nnf), Smellini; .Salt*, I’atlr ttiackinp. Ink,
t«a«bM.riber baa been futrf oti .Morgantoii, the ' Lueifer Matflien, Iiiiprn\ed t irnch'I'outh
(V)iit*-T«wii of flurb*. He »a» awaked ID tiiM ; lirutlx •. Tlxrnioniet..r», Silver
rf.iire, by ihr cn«id ration that it ia kxattd in | &r. \r.
iSt heart irf'a rrmntfy n lrbrated for itj bralthftil ^ A«*ar.cf th>" pfrniRiout of artu’terated
(CM, mild inhabited by a conuHunitr i»t»lli)tTnl, Wtmt, he hat prr»ciircd a quality which will *uit
(tn ral. ai.d bif k niind.4. who «a the *»alit aitd ' the weak »toii.j ti an« iow caMi of kicknekK, a-
iMi« bo* Iv apcrrriatc liit briterit I41 be derived ii.onu which an
.. »rll .. tbe.r r.ter.l;. f tJ,r I'aiticular .Madeira, ,n Wtle. at PI 37J
^.Ui.hn.rtt a He, Vrrjn In tiin, mid.t
A, ibe firrt in-iu.rT. upo» a ^op^l of thi.
U' -.. ee«rrall, u. Ubat wll be the poMir.l ^
,.*,..1., c; th. p«rrr the bubecriber *ul give remnj’. per botU- or ,,uar. '.t -o ecnts
ti iMWir wl'.tioot the le«>t renfve ■
.•T .1. 1 L. f.i I, being in tbe Draft simply “ The
“ To pay the debtH of the United Statea was the G. 1 i 11 u
fir.t of tbc objccta lor which, by the fonatitut.on ^ P®'^’
»{ the iroited tStatei, the |iower to lay and collect ’ **' *“y collect tuxes, duties, imposts
la*r», rintiea. inijKMtt, and excikcs, was coiiftrred | «nd excise*.”
npon ( oiijfreHB—to provide for the comtnon do. | 'J'lie mauner in which the term bccame
fenrc and general Helfare wan the .ceond object; 1 transplanted from the old, into the new sys-
and the*e e(|irei>!tions, broad and comprehensive _V^. . ■ 1 ■ .• ^
in th« ir import, far from Laing w itiiout nieaiiiiig | ««vermjient, 18 explained by a course
In the iiiti ntioo of the founder* ofthu t ouiiitution, sonif'wliat advenlitinusly given to th« pro-
etiibraccd the preat piirpon * for which the (’on- j ceeiing.S of the ConVentlUD.
Mifition it«lf w as formed. They are introduced (>t, the ISth of August, ainonff other pro-
.n thal «de.Mr> prenmble.by f'=‘i^rred to the Comtuitlee wLch
^le ol (IiA riiiltil Miilp*, **p«akiiig m th« firht jicr- ! , .l. i__r.
ed on the day, by a Committee appointed | taken litcrally.they express, were not quali.
to prepare one in detail; the clause in j fied and explained by some refereoce to the
which those lertiis were aflorwards ioserl-1 particular power sulijoiaod, the answer ia at
me I'hilKl ntatrg, Dpeakins in the tirkt iier-: . , , i 1 -
«n. "We the lVn,,|(. the I.'. S,” announce ihe '^P^'^ted the draft, was oiifl “ to secure
freat pur^xise lor which they do ordain and ektab- the pay merit of the public debt !” and,
lihh this Coiibtit’i'ion; they arc eiiiphaiicaily rc-1 On the saino dav, wu8 appointed a Cam-
pfaifd in the 1 ighth a. ction of ihe fir.t Article, ,„i„ce of eleven nlembcfs, (oao from each
conlainirtr the crant lo ('oi.prcg* ul power; und v;, \ „ i .1 ' . 1
Ihnj are 01,ly uranU of A'. to Le «'> C';n«"ier the necossify and ex- j
I irrutiil—diitxm to br din Itmurd for the riimrnuii JICV of the d( Otg uj tht Sftcrul SlUttB,
dtfrtire ard tirttrral trrlfurr of the L'mou."—Mi. ■ b«ing abbUined b) Ihe l.nited States.”
Adamt' lUpint on Ma>n,jnrtvrf$. . (>n tlie i-’lst of Au;(usl tho Itti^t Commit-
Wb have Ibis niornin)» a very important tee r fH*rtoi u clauie in the words follow-
letter nf .Mr. .Madiwm to lay bffore our read- ing: “The Lei^iBlaturefcf theUnilcdStates,
er«. The Hihtory of it 13 boon told. Some | kIkiH huvt poittr to fulfil Ihe eugagernents pear, arc remarkable; and to be not other-
time in the conrne of Ihe year I‘'30, .Mr. {irhUh hare been entered into by Cont;res*, j wise explained than by diflerences of opio-
Sfevcnson, Spanker of the H. of R., l,eing I nnd to discharge as well the debts of the ' ,on concerning the necessity or the form of
on a vmit to .Mr. .Madison, some coi.ver- I'nitid Stales, a>> the lebts incurred by the U constitutional pronsion for the debts of
I wfion look pluce on the general phras» 8 in j ttrcral States, dt riri^ the lute wur. for the the Revolution j some of Ihe members ap-
i the Constitution, “ the common dnfeuce and commun drfrnct and i,' ru ral welfure con- prehendinp improper claims for los.ses by
j }»eneral wclfare.”_Mr. iM. shed «o much forming htrein totho Sth of the articles of j depreciated bills of crodit; others an evasioa
i fi{;hf, nud pr(xiiiced so many new facto, up- the t oiif.'dcraiiDn, tho language of which of proper claims if not positively breughi
hand, that altho’ it might easily have been
df.ne, and experience shows it might be well
if It hod been done, yet the omission is ac
counted for by an innttention to the phrase*
ology, occasioned, donbtlee., by its identity
with the harmless character attached to itia
the instrument from which it was borrowed.
But may it not be asked with infinitely
more propriety, and without tho possibility
of a satisfactory answer, why, if the ternis
were meant to embrace not only all the pow
ers particularly expressed, but in the indef.
mate power which has been claimed under
them, the intention was not so declared;
why un that supposition so much critical
labor was employed in enumerating the
particular powers und in defining and limit
ing iheir extent ?
The variations and vicissitudes in tbe mod-
ifications of the clausc in which the teraa
common defence and general welfare” ap-
aed educated in Vugioia, hi« «trlir1 at
- . a> bli loalareM teflinr* and eor.victtoiia are
uritMly in favw of ibia gn a' Kepablic.
lie beU-vra that lb. rrlrbratcd Virginia and
I-'^toeVy R>«oiuln^w and Heporu 01 17 lei and
'*‘1, abirh were drawn up by iboce f'tral lUtei
and t^triotn Madtann and JrfTmon, cuntain
r.wdrrs, Jitjube Paatr, Hoarhmind I,®-
ti nge*, .Artimalie r>|irr«. mif h aa Mar», .N'ut-
inr", flovi.\fne«n fayeniic rV|iptr,
.V.i>tard. 'intiaiixin t'ud*. \ r \r.
All of whrh will be »o!d at the lo^r*! r’arkel
*tnte rip«»ilinfk 9t Ibe rifhtaol (he SUUa and of prirte for »-t..h. A thort rndit w ill be a!).wtd
M rtUli»* j*>w«a iti tiw Oi.lieTal and !*laMi t«o*. only 10 re(f olar and punctiial dealer*,
ns^nt- ' P fl. 'J l«- article of O Oil, will he
H. think, that t> # »nre»t way to aroid enlli.icn» , ctr.flar)tly -m hand, at.d .lU>o.i£b il haa late
rHM be by adberinjf tu a ht'ral con»tr«e»io«i ol , fufui.hi low. for ra4..
.1 any p.w„. wtirther it b. I.v the «..«ral ;
l,.mr.s.. t .-r b, the hUU^ ibat h not clear 1) , ^
,aU« to th«' locmer, or evidfntly i»*er*ed • V«rf* 14
t?- 'itirr 'Itx - ir«trtifiire p*'wer. a* it w call-
t oil tliB suljt'ct, that .Mr. S. subsequentiy ' is, that “ all cliar^'es of war and all oiher
determined to write him, and obtain hii« expenses that »hull Ix? incuried for the com-
vie», for the purjHise of laying them lie- nton defeiiee and general welfare, and ul-
fnre the I’ublic. .Vtr. .Madivin complied— [ lowed by tho I niied blates in Congre».s as-
but th* letter ha* never jrt been p'.blishrd. sembled, shall be del'niyed out of a couiibon
^••on, however, as we had read .Mr. Ad- treamr\,’’ »^:c.
ams’ kte Report to the li. of Fi., we| On theof .\uj;ust the Committee of
I thf'ijglit the time had come, wh**n .Mr. .M's five reported aintmg other additions to the
jlelti»r should be railed lorih—\ rase had clause gtnng pitwir “to lay and collect
occurred, which would jutify it pubiica- taxes, iiiip(>st!> and excises,” a clause in the
' iM.n. It was the dignu/ riudire umlut.. words toliowinj,-; “ for payment of the debts j tions and amendmoDts, there is not a single
iTt)»* Kdvocste who had ajip-'an-d iu favor arid necessary expenstM,” with a proviso one having reference to tbe terms “cotn-
I of the rontested dnrtrine wa.s worthy of «iuali(ying the duration of ihe Rovcuue j mon defence and general welfare,” unless
;creat res[K-ct. M'e arcorduiply applied laws. j were so to understand the proposilioa
I Inr p«*riniK».inn to publiiih the h ttrr. Mr.; This Ileport l^eing taken up, it was , cei.tainin'- them, made on August 25tb,
; .Sl"\rriFin ha* Ijeen polite enotij;h to send | as uu ariiendmeiit, that the clause . which was disagreed to by all the States
‘ It for the purjj^M! of puhlic.ndci..—If i!..;n read “ lha Loo^laturu xhatl (uitil Uxcept one.
within tho authorised functions of tho new
government; and others again considering
the past debts of the United Slates as suf
ficiently securetl by the principle that no
change in the Governnaent could change
the obli^atimis of the nation. Besides the
indications in tbe Journal, Ihe history of
the period sanctions this explanation.
But, It is to be emphatically remarked,
that in the multitude of motions, proposi-
ri,i« irw'f. In b« tread«i than »pen Mrr.
^ rn r.AriknetiU ate an tileirt and grad.tal •« to
>i .lr ti.tJ.M rH>«p|-rtheoatwn. wbilr al tii* aame
t .-i. 1.1 are uiMlcriutaios tbe tery iouudaUou*
U n-ir
Hf \Ki H»th*t r'.thifljrran jmtify an inffa'-tK**
»l' U.» f»li;bt kff itb will .pec
l.K * V* ■■•bef, and iJ'il In* a tJiud. until rt.
try •t;Ki;oci kwca i!« .ri(m»l »!r«tiflb, and wr
laCKif ‘ jiWlualed ti' ei.rioaebovntt. Oit thi*
*1 • ,1 ai > n tT'iry olh^rt. tbe adirmtili.na .f lK
.1 •n't 'V»»).ir jton are julic «mi» aad m
..Ur,. ” 1‘rrcidewta,” ».tid br, in hia lar.-wrl!
“are tluori; irl rt^r^
t 1' 1:
r . I-' f rr--* *-d, |.v» iMit •iifTt fed I. bo tram
^ T;h:':- il ►>* t«y •italeuea." 1
1 'uSwribrf haa wiv>eiwd, wilh painful am
it;, lot- abi'.M »f pfett.r:* cu. whieh bave U-'ii j
r :Jc l>. fiit'er away the ( onatituluwi, until, lu ^
■■ • --r a( lea»t. It 11 • a»c»ly like the taiTK- in '
I'" •»?! » ib^l t*iu« from tbr hanfia of C V
«‘iefi fcfin»d It, The praetice .f iinplr - A hj 'l'h>.>ry» ^ a*lli«- iir.Vr.ijfued h
: i u»l eea», or wur n*bU l«*tm of ao f 'viity rifht in ti»e ajme, which he i« de*' r.
r ' .-ri ».ii b« ia.hc«li) aad pcibapa »re- miiwd to »»*ert-
JOII.N n.
I. ifcr frnm t!,i* »otirr. li n ut h ' ,t/>'i.'I“. ) ■•I I ■“•jif
t T iSrrat-'. than It >;«• ever bien al anv for : \ '
'■rt >• fM>d. l>e»-a'i«i# tb««e tn prwer, who r»»«iM tp |ti('llla4Mill l‘'or
VAi.rAiirc: i.a.mi lor >aU\
I Oil a 4'rtfltt.
By »irtue o! a li-erei. Ir.jin t>.e Court of Fiqui.
ty, I » ill ejLjn »e to puu'n- lal*-, at t/ir ( . jrt-
Ho'i»e inCharUtlr, n«i the ij.'lh day cf
ht If,-' Morday of cur oext .'^ujnrior ( ourt, a ainall,
;>ul cry laluabl.
Tran of i.autl.
-^rt-T.inc if'e*, l)'r; !:■ 5^*
ller i rl. ad'uiiiiri|^' (hf lamU ol O 1‘iette «tid olh
rr«. I-inii|;ii C lo 11" b ir» of I .J i*(.f in|j», di e'd
i a'.J r . lor L'.v bei.eM wf w.d fn i»*. on a i r.dil
the pufJ.aier bui.d and »p
proud • uri;t.
1 ■ r n i'fM.Ar.r V r.
' ,/• .mri, l*v»;, I'(Vi
1 iM. nnv thing, hkr drmon^tra'iomn Vohnc.^, ,|.e en;;a.. n,ents and discharge lie -kUb of The obvious cocclusion to which we aro
t u the l ulled States.” ’brought, is, that these terms copied from
. .IK , I,. „vorthrow« li.e h^re.y, which Mr. Ad- ' h «as then moved to strike out » dis-1 ih« article, of CoBfeder»i,..n.
>c)Tici:.
iH:r ,* ri l » ro!ifn d nnt lo tfaih for
I tSe III •I '-r. .-It;d J.irr. Ji'- trnd- «l to b* ow n-
r-»erlei,i ami CAnftrurUon. onlnrlun>uty p»*»«
»ins pr>« »»wo, *o B)»cb p'-pularity, that ifitii
i’;Tfii..n» are otrrlookvd b) a j;rnrt»ii« .
' wt i. in-trad M repay leg the eoufidence «■!
■ ■ r rsfiititO'Ma br wrMpti'-io* fid litv to 1*'fir
lU. 1*01 torclfi.l .f • »erv lhit>({ but lh» grat
of th4ir uiibaiiow'd amblii>ner tbeir lu
•' )>aa*iou*.
I haa ben i.aij to indiri.ie what nll be
' ■ |-:f non of “Tbe .Meuniam ^pl»ut’’ in ic.
,t . In pr> . ral p>Jillca.
\> c«irrrn* it wi!l adtoeale a ap«edt
" i ’fi uf the ( onvtitutimi. a liiwral •) >l> nt a!
’'■\l hnrrnTemial, an enli|blni>! rour
; n ^ n I MHi-i  Ol M ^ ,r.
f H r »«’•». rit>»-r « i«hii'f to rt tire from a v 'v
I I aili*e li‘». n|Ti r» f.r tii |m..
| ! »inj pn'p'f). V'•> K >n IH'-roMU'y o; l'..itiu)!.(a,
I fv. 1 lUif IJivi r, al»,ut .1.« iiiiU'n fnHii Au.' .nta :
I (>iiv- Irnd ol Ui i! ol'aU.ul I'l a> re*. » iiiih  on.
i •.aiii’^ (i.tl III II-•: of ail I-.'Ia.«, t. 'Id, oil ihf -:u-
i far. cf (h>' g.'ou.'x!, atiil at a c r'.iin di|>lh, b\
■•irr"';-
j Aiielh'f tTi' t of alwil 1 !'‘il arrea, which ron-
'aii>‘ tb»l 1.11 la; or li;» mrft
' Sr 1 :,i i>a o; ore l«!>i n fri'ni i1h' prenii»'»,
..‘T I) ••ir!a.T jnd I.5> • K'ntl'ji-i
\ .■iur»-.'ando»..r, tl.ii.r e|.; ,alr.|lat..li..,d •* >'» • ‘’"•'•' •t’ x *lf>,
f«nn« ii.'i|ri>ii« ef bo» ii'g Ihr pr.>|x rty ai;d in-
• pr. tinf lh« ore, I an JijU.re for Iheiiiu he*. 'I'iie
M ii.« ari' w idr and iJit ore ap(irar in great p! nlv.
It i« helif »-d l!.al tJ'- ti.iiw . art lh nch(*l lhal
(.are b-eii diarnrt m d in Uror;;!*.
For fariiiinf, Ihi* lam) i» tutile and very pro-
i!iieii\e. It if m a hicb!r irnp'cviid alale lor eul-
imlii'i', an.! ail the aj.))' rUii.inp'-a well luiprovid.
'.a.».ll,ffo,uU..U,v,t,.n,ti.af\ar,.l,'’.'lf'- b..ii.iiof- . umpriM.iK a la.^r roinirod,rui>
itir pr. -pcrily and Li^r of the flditwi'a a
( sutf.
A le propwrtinn of tli. paper w ill he *i»r>.tel
K-ut, Moral, l.itrrar>, and oilier u»elul
* •/ l«, lo;;i lh r w ilh thf |i«uin|' Ne«» >( Iht
IrH) |i(iii>r«ii and t'orrn'n ; and me .( li e
Sprohl aball alwai* be lipp«d with
' ■ iinir al lh I’oi r* and tin \Vit‘» iiuacinalivi
a> H III anoiu u il> ivalr.n* tl.at ” > aril It i '• .
' fi. -Ihr,.,^ ,11.1," Nothii.r w.ii .lwelli.rhou..,andoul h.Ki..«, atriio ,urp.iMed
►•'-rrtH whii h I. c.le.ilated I. .m,.r.n. Ihr un !'’T •"> »'rr" ho,i«-. a,..
ar 11.. heart, while err, I ihirj of an •" ‘'V"
--.ie Uiid.n. V ahall be exeJudcd frou, lU -ol. i  ultnation tm.n ‘J-.O to .iUU aere. of lK,lto,n land.
'I he pro|>ertT la wiiltiniberai), and preM-nlaev. ry
^:'-.r ;-rho,^.tbatlh..f,rM .SWuf of a rrao,, w .*h.,ic to .ind.-rtake
’ ■ ' !»• .: ta lw.„t. that ha. . ver altl..i,.ted I.. ">• " ‘'''‘•'"V *
’• — ad ...ihm vuw .1 li.a TaUIr II-, !.. will P"reha.er. IVrren. w lahinc to pur. ha-e are in
• ,„„.e bu'd.l... that 11 toeome and nait th. pren.l.ea, wh.r:- t,i.
,vdr„r. .. pul.li.- re w .11, 'f'' Ui.orin.l.un rnum-d.
k....rl. I Ih. terina Will be made accmiiiodatmr.
ji ur.Mi\n .inrn\.
Colur»l,ia Cetin/y, t>a. 1?3-1. l'» 3t
AI *n.
Onii ollu r traet. of aU-ut S'.!.*; arree, nf which
lixl ,ii-re« are oljrrr.l tor «ile. or ihe whole, ad
• . iiinr Ih' I'l nere ii't KiK-eitird aliov., Thia land
ei.iiiKiii* t" ••nil- ijiiaiility a« tlie hind
(lornUd. .jieeiim n» of the ore li'iind on
1' l«i ij’i.w iiilii • tree,*pri Hdiiij; il* braneli.
’ it« • from thr AI itilii. .Nell ,
‘ - {'• II II\* r, liir ||\| r Mi»ai. eipci. !
•| ll:\|>, \r
1 i finlVo Mixiiilain w >!!
. ‘I 1. HI. n (. it|. recpii«it>i «iiiiiil' r n'’ n.t>-
’• • .n U o)>Ui!i d to «> art:uil ihi tiia»ing oi
' >rv at r..n;;riiii i.| lur lliat piir)«> ; and
■•f’ . ti'' \i Mi;{c| (|i|H a! Ill ihe Iri.'tidr ol llir
-ti >.t.4t:UKln?, lo i iirol IUk it tii I- in cnu W u*ru «l tli nlVir.'
( on^utiit dnah»t. I{ H 11 \ Ii I * (• l» I f t IN.
M pnrfrd oi»^ r n u#i V, n^>n r fcl.i rl
' *1 wiliiiKw t»|» and on pap' r.
I" I y»'ar, jw) able on Uie ren iplof
f.'.ltHMt
h.|i,|, III the Iron
' 1 '» -\,'i I I-, II, |irr.i urint' -iilwcril't i». A e.
'^a...i >,(J 111 p. t cant, upon th ir tr^nxc-
i; il. M\l'UA
1'*. I ■•11.
Il I-t. ,;;i. ,ted that I.iltar* I'roni a di-lanee
lo s«li»|Mirv, whi ri- ihe •ul>iM rit>»T ut
K II M\|ti:\
iijiliitnf rrrnrfd ul ll,lt i >lhrr. |
rant,I l>nJ^ j\,f y,j/j /Au «.
s w.\.\ rr:i>.
raill i: Suli^e. |I« r Wi-he» to ptiri haae I.IK I'.I.Y
I .N I l.Hnl S. rroif li n |..thirty yold, and
w ill paj Ihf niokt lihi ral prii ' • in ('aiih.
.\ll whohnve •.iieti p-0|»rlv to •.•II 'ai.uM do w. ll
to .-iilloii hill., or \|r. .lohn Jmi. » hi». .^I;^nt.
Mr I.in Ih- k.ur .l nt .Mr. .''Uunhler’a llol.l, m
S.ili*h>in, and .Mr. Jonas al l>r. 15ojd> I lot. I, in
t hnrh.tl.v
All l.i tier* a.Idr. •«ed lo hinfi, or Mr. JonoK, will
U' i.iiiicliially iitl.iid. d lo.
‘ i:oiu:rt iirii;
yj/y-i. i;3i. y-'tf
. , , the articles of Coafederation, were regard
iriishas «..voc:il.d in his Report: charge the debts,” and insert “ liquidate the | ed in the new, as in the old. instrument,
j Monli» lur yortfnltfr lltth, I'-JIO. ciairus, ’ which being rejected, tlie amend-1 merely as general terms, explained and lim-
I>i\i;.Sik: I ha\e receipt'd your InriHjly mint was agreed to as propjsed, vizthe j,ted by the subjoined specifications, aud
fjvi.r ol the 'JOili instau*, m which you re- I«ej;i.lBturf j/i(i// lullil theeogagemciits and i therefore requiring no critical attention or
I f»r to J ccn\ers,-ili.'n when I fiiPiiiioned diju'harge the dt-bls of Ihe I nited Stales.” I studied precaution.
' \ "ur lielit ithut the terrr.s “ c.imrnon tiefi-nce t the ol .-\ugust llie clati.-.e was made j If the pracficc of the Revolutionary Coo-
iii.] general vvellBre,” in th*- * iii section to read “ the Le» siature shall fulfil the en-. gress be pleaded in opposition lo this view of
of the lir-t article >f the f’on$titution of the gsgeinents autl discharge the dobts of the , (he case, the plea is met by the notoriety
; t niitd Siatf>i, were btill rfgarded by ivmie I iiitfd SJat.;s, and shall have the power to that on several accounts the prnctica of
j I? ror|\ej ;ng ti/ Coiigrf'!» a -'ih-tintive and , lay iiod r«l!ecl lixe'‘, duties, impost! aud ex- ! ihat body is not the expositor of the “ ar-
I indefinite power; and in w L;ch 1 tornrr!u:.i-, ciscs; t!;c two pa'.Yc.'s .'r:lat!r:g to tuxes, and , tides of Conl'ederafion.” These articlea
viewa of iHe inlr.KJuclion aiiii oc- ilelts b.in;: merely transposed. j were net in force till they were fin.illy rat-
c.i«^ion of ihe terms, as precluding that com-: On the L’fith cf .\ugu>-t, the clausc was a- ■ itied by .Maryland in 17S1. Prior lo that
inrul on thrin ; and ) u « \pre.ss.d a wish giiinullcrrd soas loread “all debts contract- j event, the power of Congress was measured
lh.il I Wi.iild lojieal thust views lu ihu au- ed snd engagements entered ir.lo by or under i by tbe exigencies of the war, and derived
bwcr to )i»ur l»-tter. *he autln'rily uf Congress [the Revolution- i its sanction from the acquiescence of tho
F!f.never disinclined to the d!~usi»n of ary I otigrese] thall be as valid under Stales. After that event, habil,-and a con-
j su'’h ti I'lC', at a lime when it is so dillicull this Cotisliiutiou us under the Conledera- j imued expediency, amounting often to a re-
I to se|Mr.il^ in the minds of many, que^tion'i tion. i h1 or apparent necessity, prolonged tbe ex-
I piin*A- consliliitional from the parly p»Ic-1 1 hiJ an endmerf wag fallowed by a prop- ercise ©fan uodetinod authority, which was
fine* d the dsv. I vielil lo the precedent* o^ilion, referring to the jx)v\ers to lay and jthe more readiK o\erlooked, as the mem-
wliifh soil think 1 have iinp»iid on niy.«ell', collect taxe'*, A;.'., and to discharge the ; bers of tho bvniy held their seals during
j ;iiid to tbe considcrtiti.in that w iiL. ul rely- di bis d» bi.-.j to add for pa\ iiienl ol said j pleasure, as its acts, particularly after tho
I ii'g on my (>orMiial ri'collectKiiis, which debt?*, and lor uelrav mg thu exf>ensi s that j failure of the Bills of credit, depended for
j \our iflftirtlily o\er\a!ii»>s, I siiall dirive shall bo incurred /or Me commofi rfr/incr their efficacy on the will of the States; and
j tii\ con-tnicti. n of the pai'Sge III question, aiulf;i iifrahrtlj\irt'.’ 'I'he proposition was as its general impotency became mani-
fri.rn snurcos of nifi'riiiatioii and evidence disagri^ed to, one Slnle only voting tor il. , fesl. Examples of departure from the pre-
know n Of acrr«.suble to all. who feel the iin- SepteiiilK-r 4.—'I’he comniilleo of eleven | scribud rule, are loo well known to require
' |x rlatif e ol' ihe uhj»cf, and are d|i>posi!d to reported the (ollou mg modilicatmu—“ T.'ie • proof. The case of the old Bank of .Norti*
(give II H pitiont exHtniiialion. I.egialaliirc slmll have power lo lay and America mijrht be cited as a memorahl*
j In tracing the history and determining collect taxes, duties, impor ts and excises to one. The incorporating ordinance grew
the import of the tcriiii* “common defence p«y ihe debt# and provide for the common lout of the inferred necessity of such an lo-
' .niid ^etiersl wcll.ire," «k f uurl in the tcM defence and general weliarethus retain- j stitution lo carry on the war, by aiding tho
; .'f tha ('j n'!i!iiti«>n, thu following lights arc ing the terms of th*; articles of Confedera-' fmances which were starving under iheneg-
■; furni'In .1 h> the printed J.Hiinal of Ihe Cou-,‘.lot’. «nd covering by the general term lect «r inability of ihe Stales to furnish iheir
j venii«n w inch formed it. ■ " debts'' tlios^ of the old Congress. assessed quotas. Congress was at the tini«
I 'i’he fi rms appear in the general propo- ,\ special pn.viiiion in this mode could not '® niuch aware of the deficient authority,
silions clkred May V’!»ih as a basis for the have b*‘en necessary for the debts of ihe that they recommended it to the Stato
I int'ipienl di lilie'ralions; tho first of which new Congress; l\.r a power to provide I l^‘?‘slutures lo pass laws giving due effect
i “ Resolved that the articles oi le Confede- money, and a p«wer to perform certain I the ordmancu, which was done by Pena-
' mtion oiiglit to lie so correrled and enlarged acts of which money is the ordinary and |
: a* lo accomplish the oljects propos'd by appropriate means, must of course, carry | Mr. Wilson, justly distinguished for hi*
their institulii'n, iiamelv : common defence, wiih Ihem, n p«wer to pay the expense of intellectual powers, being deeply impressed
i security of lil>erty and general welfare.” pi-rforming tho acts. Nor was any special j with the iinportauce of a Rank at such a
I On the day f How mg. lh» proposition was provisi.m Ibr debts proposed till the case of crisis, published a small pamphlet, entitled
* exfhanged for *• Resolved lhal an union of the Revolutionary debts was brought into !“ Considerations on the Bank of North A«
th" States merely federal will not ncconi- view; and it is a fair presumption, from the , merica,” in which he endeavored to derive
pli»h the objects propesod by ihe articles of course of the varied propositions which have ' the power from the nature of the I'nion, ia
e.-nfederntioti, namely: common defence, been noticed, that but for ihe old debts,'which the col.inies wore declared and be*
securitv of liborty and general welfare.” and their association with the terms “ rom- ' came Independent States; and also from tha
The inforetice from the use here made mondtfence and general welfare,” the clause tenor of “the articles cf Confederation”
of ill* terms, and from the proceedings on would have remained as reporied in Ihe themselves. But what is particularly wor-
Iho Bub«e|uent proposition is, altho’ com- first drull of a consliltilion, expressing gen-i thy of notice, is, that with all bis anxious
moil deft nee ami general welfare were ob- erally " a power in Cwtigress to lay and L'earch in those articles for such a power,
jecls ®fthe t'onf'ederation, they were limited collect taxes,duties, imposts and excises j lie never glanced at the terms “comiaoo
objects, whichoughl toenlarged by anen- without any addition, indeed, the bn^uage > JptVnce and general welfare,” as a stmrco
largemenl of the particular jiowers to which of the clause being in conformity with lhal ] of it. Ilo rather chose to rest the claim on
they were limited, nnd accomplished by a of the clause in the articles ol Coofedration, i a recital in the text, “that for the moro
change in th*'sirurture of lb* I'nion, from a il would l>e qualified, as in tho.so articlea, by 'convenient munagemenl of the in
form merely federal to one partly national; tho specification of powers subjoined to it. • terests of the I'nittd States, Pelegates shall
and as lh**se terms are prefixed in the like re- But there is sftlicient reason to suppose that j be annually apiKnnltHl to meet in Con-
latKHi tothe sevcml legislative powers in the the terms in question would not have been ; gre«s, which bo said implied that the Uni~
rew charier, as they were in the ohi. they inlrotluced but for the introduction of the ted States hud {general rights,pow-
must be iiriiierstood lo l« under like limita- old debts, with which they happened to j ers and frenvral obligations, not derived
lions m Ihe new a» in the old. 1 stand in a familiar tho’ino{>eruti»e relation, j tVoin any particular State, nor from alt
lu the course of the proceedings bettveoo Thus introduced, however, they pas.-«d un- ; the particular States, taken separatelj, but
the Hdlh of .Vhv and tho lith of .\ugiiRt, the ' disturlied ihro’ the subacquent stages of the j “ resulting from the I'fiion or th* whole
the tcriim “ common defence and general' Constitution. Ihes** ^jicra/ powers, not being controlled
welfan?” ns well us ether equivalent terms, | If it be asked why Ihe tcrirs “common i by the article declaring that each Slate ro
must have bi'rn dropped; for ihey do not defencc and general welfare,” if not meant lained all powers not granted by the arti
apiK-ur m ibe draft of a CouMilution report- to cuPT'’y tb# compreh«nsiv8 power i?hirh, ‘ cl-'s, *-''c.i-j--2 “ the State#