North Carolina Newspapers

mm VOLUME S. OEaCuSLXO"!?1!?, 1ST. Ov Bl3E?-C23 0, 1858, HOLTON h WILLIAMSON, El'ITORH AN1 l'llOl-RIKTOIlS. TERMS: The Nerlh-Cirolina Whir; will bo afforded to iiIim rilior lit 1 WO IHU.I.AIi.S in uilvanc, TWO DOLLARS AM) FIFTY CENTS if pay met be delayed for three iiinutlia, and TI1K Klii )))I. .AKS st the end of the year. No paper will be diacnutiiiued until ttll arrcunigcs are paid, tx crjit ut the option of the Kditnm. Ailv-ertiNemrnti inserted at Our Dollar wriunre v 1 1 line or k'MM, thin aized type) lor the tirnt mwr. lion, and !25 centa for eaoh continuance. Court ad. v, rt, M,. nt. d N..T.B N.lc. , imtg, d as ncr t rill, ii Hi i i t ohm a urn uinuii ui UJ id i tt in.,nni . . . . . , , . ! made Iron, the re-ular price, for adv.-rli.-r. by . InB mt tl,e "'""I nriny ' l" amo dllcc- .1... .....ir Alv..rtiu..i....i.l. iio..-rl,..l n.i.t.t 1. I v ..r'tinil. 'J 111' lift I 1 In flf t ll ( !,l W Hl'llS. ll i e ll I 111 - quarterly, at tl per noiium fur eiuh lime. Nnii. iuuiilhl 73 centa per aquare lir naeh lime. 1 .' .11 Lll ... I.... 1.. .1 I..- .hJVdi or VZ; tol C T . T T- t,"e,'1aua U,0t0 T:,i"KU: m u"r". auu, ,u- !;::;ratem,,(ldr,o"'U,t U " ,hljr !; f .' rtTXJVZtST T- 7X!, r.ymenu can be ..e toeah.r. t.llc-ry ad military .tores, being fought m , 'tof ff' cut ofl ?rlW.a,.er..re.Utho,ied,.e,a.aen,.. r" miles beyond the bor-, thu ,.u. t"' boat were seeur- 1 I 1,:,r! 1S ! L,m 'u..-chate .cope ol our , ! f r ll'e .aubjcct, but it brouirht back the encmv into : river during the night arrested the passage !:: 1. t ..t v. ..u r i: XlllUil JHIU.IUH VI UI lU'VUlUlllilli A LHCTLIll': IiEMVERED HK101SK TIIK NF.W VOHK IIISTOll n .ti, wh-ikty, ny HOW. WIUJAM A. GRAHADI. COM I.fDtU. While the work of reconstructing the main rmy was pressed forward with all possible spedition at Uillsboro. gh, the coimnand avidson took up a position on KocVy Ki-1 army ver, in M"cklenburg, w hieli in bis curres. pondence, be styles "Camp M'Kuitt Alex ander," the name of an early and ardent pa triot ia that county, from which he kept up a nystcin of observation on the lSritish army and the disaffected districts of the country. (jcd. Sunnier, with another force of militia, occupied " Caiup Yadkin," wet of the river nf tlml nnmn (Icq. Smallwood accepting the command t-J which be had been invited by the (icu.-r- ; al Assembly, accompanied by two hundred regulars under tho renowned Col. Morgan, whoiiaanow rcaclieu tno ouuiern army, . i .i . i proceeded wcslwardly, and too it command i of both these brigades, a few days after tho retreat of Lord Cornwallis from Charlotte. ! Chastising the tories, in a handsome siir- j mi.h, by a detachment of his troops under Major Cbyd, at Shallow Ford, on the Yad- I ,n, in a He-.tlement not far from which place 1 Colonel lirvan bad raised and marched a regiment of'loyalisU, in.m. dialely after the ' a,.rr....,ler of I 'h.irlesinn ami i.iinrJ the Hrit- ' i,k in South Carolina, he advanced to the frontier of the State, on tho Catawba, to watch the enemy and give support to (ien. Sunnier, then man.i'uvring against Tarleton i;i .!iC Upper di.nliicu of thai . lau. lieneial (iates, with the innin army, ub s. piently took the same direction, and had fciipied Charlotte, when he wasiuperseded iri the e.iminand by tieneral (irceiie. Need I add. that the appointment of this iiluMri eus man, (approaching, in his i haracteri.--t.ei, so much nearer to the great Ciiiman dcr in-chief thaii any other oflicer in that war,) to tho head of the army of the Siuth, filled all hearts with gladness and L..pe. The JJoarJ of War, in a corrcp indcucc which was immediately opened, ciprcsied to him ib great satisfaction upon this event an 1 engaged W draw forth all the powers of the State, and every necessary resource in it, to support him, " th it," fay they, " the C'lmmand with which you are dignified, may be honorable to your-clf. as well ai satisfac tory to the country ." The trail fer of the Cjuiiiiund was announced iu general ordeis oil the !)d of Peecmber. tienera! Smallwood hsiving been promo ted to a Major (leiicralship, al"ut this time left the service iu the South, and Colonel Ravie, being out of n.ilitary employment by tl.c eai iratioii of the enlistment of his men, accepted from the Hiard of War tho ofT.ee ofS,,Peri,,U.i,dent('ou,.ni - sary(.ic,;aln.a.lc,: ,a,n, , i ,i , ;,,.;.,. ,.r c.l '11,,-,,,. - Folk, a.,,1 accompanied the army of General , Creeiie it. that capacity through the c.isu- , ing campaign. Having thus occasion to mention tho name : of Colone l Folk, 1 doom' it proper to c orrect an error into which Mr. Loosing his fallen i., I,:. I.".. .1.1 11 . ...wsn !.. ...ll.orOv of If. HIS I U.IVI UUUB, UllOtl HIS. OTU. - -. - ; p ipers of General Gates, and which-unin- ' temionally, I have no doubt-does great mjii.-tii e to bis memory It 1.1 nn niipiU.i- . . ti ui of disaffection, of the very time be held i ir. r c c ...,. Olll, U ,l . 'III'V-I llll, H1" "V . '.t.l.tl -i.-a .. l Ceneral. l'Viaua.ely, the Journal of the lI'MrdofV.-ar explains the whole matter.- ti i i . . i 1 here was some complaint of inattention to , . . . . ... .i y on i,M part, ,n Ins imporlant o.l.ce, wiucli lie cxplameU upon the ground ol a scarcity of supplies, and necessary attention to his family ; and Colonel Martin, a nu m ber of the lioard to which be u as Aiiieiinblf. 1. .. u!,. .1 ii :.. M ...M ..1 j.. ......ui; o.iwu niu .itiiiy I ll ee 1. leiui ll I U . Ul - . dares, lll a public let er recorded in itsjour- ... .. . i- i' i u ii i . 1 tills, that in his opinion, ( ol. Folk, under . the circumstances, had fullilled the duties of his ollieo as well as circumstances would ad Ttiit. He wa-l iininediately afterwards en trusted, by General Greene, with the tem porary command of a Brigadier General of inlilia, ami in all after, as in prior time, win regarded as a firmed unwavering tri-it. o . ,. , ,. Purveying his troops and supplies, den. I ( ' i i i. . -i i i i ... ; 'Tecnc Iniuid himsi ll at the head o' about two thousand men, one half of whom were militia, with provisions on hand but fur three days, in an exhausted country, and but a "c.'inty nupply of ammunition, which could hot be replenished short of irginia. With the tjiiick eye of military genius, he determin ed to divide his force, small as it was. Itely '"it upon Havidson's militia, to be called fr'i.n their homes when the emergency might "''pure, as a central force, be sent out .Mor P'ui, now promoted to the rank of Brigadier ciicral iu the continental Berviec, across the Catawba and Broad rivers j while ho hitn "s'll led the main army to a point opposite Clieraw, on the I'edee, where ho was aon sifter joined by the effective, legionary corps Lieut. Colonel Henry hec, the author of " Memoirs of tho War in the South," ".ibseiuently Governor of Virginia, and the 1' uneral panegyrist of Washington by the ap pointment of Congress. By this judicious disposition ho secured abundant supplies of "visions for his troops, interrupted com munications between the British army and llin Inlf.Kulu .wl :.. ,.f f ...v. uiiiv-, bum im uuuk ,i uii: mii;i uj ijuu, wneit: u,cy were joincu uy their com Lord Cornwall again to invade North Car-1 rndes from BeaUic'& Ford, who retreat, d on olina, without Unit driving hack Morgan, or hearing of their General ; and halting there leaving him in his rear. Morgan, by eon- j in confusion, and no individual ussuiniii" eom- r cert, was Ftrengthened by accessions of mi - . litia under General Fickciis of South Caro - lina, und Majors M 'JJowclI, of North Caro- liua, and Cunningham of Georgia. Large reinforcements, under (Jen. Leslie, Iiaving been rcceiv;d by Lord Cornwallis, in hi position at Winiihborough, lie des patched a superior force, under Lieut. Col. Tarleton, to oppose Morgan, himself follow The bnttlo of the Cowpens. whieli im - mediately followed, and in Vtliieh Tarletou was tiiiiinp'mni'y i'fettjt' b" Morn, nitli I . 1 1 .. . 1 C , !v;.i. s -. ; - ...m.v. a j urn uumniav Itloll ot Ins anus, anil eai'i r tor rcii ii" i - i . ' . . ' . roreea to retreat from li:.- lir-t entrance mlo i .. "Y . "'e-'e i)i ! uor under his escort, by the unexpected reverse ai rxnigs .uouniain, ana now uiwnrteu iy the sudden overthrow of the elite of hi ar- jmy by an inferior number of the republican : ! troops, 8 great part of whom were militia, ' 'LiM Udhii. n-lvcd upon a vigorous pur- ' . t tt tisJvn oi tlfL. Vo' i au j U(.nlroy .Morgan. I T . -lr ' In this manner commenced that thrilling series of military movements which was con tinued with the activity of a steeple chase for ijuito two mouths. The main lirilish ar my lay at Turkey Creek, Mime twcuty-fivi-miles south of the Cow pens, and Morgan may be con.-icli.red to have had, by so much, the start of his Lordship, in this trial of ("peed. The latter moved immediately, hoping to cut v rgan, encumbered with pVisouers and '-'Sfc' 'd , the fruits ot his victory, beloic he fcle-uld reach the fords of the t 'tawba in North Caro for which it was liri'niiu(l t.i unii .1 mlii ll.irt'-iii ihiiai.. i , ""'. ' " ,'" ,.'', ,''' I"'1 'nhy comprehending his danger abau- "'"" Y' , .""sK-B' - "'" llw wounded dcr the ,,rotection of a flag, ou ,l,c v, 0' evening of the day of battle, set 0llt J retreat ; his prisoners in advance, escorted b' followed immediate. v by the regulars, under .is own command, Uu 11 rcrol ect. d, w as on the I 7th of January, 17-1. lor twilvc weary .lavs, ",rr """" '"c retreat and pur suit were continued without intermission.. Near nightfall, on the evening of the SJ'Jt! the vanguard of tho royal army, under ('Jen. O lfarr, - :.-d tit J fseJ l',,rj ii t'.c Ca tawba, ou the present road fr.'in Stateavilb: to M'Tsaiit'in, but ili-eovered that Morgan bad cr ise(i over villi all his pyi-,incrs and f recs, at out two hours before. Hailing and encamping on the shore, wilb the purpo.-e to renew th" pursuit early in the morning, the J!i iti-h ! irneral a- tantalized by the l"-s of his prize, at the moment he supposed he was about to clutch it in his gra-p. Ihn iug the night the river was swollen by heavy rains, as impassable in the morning, and so remained for two days, at the expiration of which, Morgan's militia, with his pris"ii cis, were far mi their march t jwards Virgin- li. lie biiiisi if, Willi Ins regulars, pas-ing down the left bank of the river, to Sherill's ford, there met General Greene, who, hav ing been advised of the movcni' iit of the en emy from Wiiin-b-rough, and the victory of the Cowpens, ba l hastened forward, with , an aid-de-cainp and a few mil'tia attendants, 1 from his camp on the I'edee, to concert meas ures to secure its fruits, and to act again-t the adversary as means and ..ppot nmity might permit. The swfll in the Catawba. ; which the pious feeling ef the country could not but ascribe to providential interposition - "'.11 the cov.seT!-nt luM-rupi.'.., suit of the e nemy, determined in the pur- en Croene V? th;"'r- " in!. (',r ' "rival of b,s army at Salisbury, o utlier be bad ordered it to has. "ler .en linger, of South (. arohntj. ' "' ' ,u'o nun'ims, "i . i.u , with !hc hpe o! tlicre lorniing a junction with Morgan. In execution of this design, 1 1 C 'f rP. joined by a few ni.li- tia, were r..-ed at Hienll s I'ord. Ceneral 1 1,f" w " ' " . .... ... .1... I.n.l ..n!1...1 not l.n III. I 1'. eer on inr iiieiv, u.i-. , . v... ........ . force under Ins command, ami win.e watcn - , , .'.I ' d-rections to g.ve information of t l,c ap- proaeh of t ho cnetiiv, a o 'nsidcraple lod y ot l r '' " ul . - . .. . r r i I.ij Imnna Wfi4 T.lnced nt Keattie s lord, lie i ,,.,,,.,,, w;, "', ,""f, fl!, ...... ' ... about three bundr -1 evening "i me i-i wailis, in the meanwhile, foiled in his pur- suit, had encamped at Kamsours d at Kamsour's mill, the ' . ., .- i . ... .i .. i !-r,m "-"""" , , Lovalists tie preceding summer ; ami hav- -'' '. "'M" r- . "xpeneuc .1 delay ill n.s ,ate mar..,, from the incumbrance ot Ins liaggage, lie (here destroyed all that could be regarded U.,..ertl.ious. himself setting the example by 'casting into the llauies the baggage ot head- inarters, and converted his w hole army into ight troops, with a view of renewing the pur- light trooi suit of Morgan, or forcing Gen. Greene to an -io l: . I l... 1... i .... n tlo.l. I lllis ,1 sc. eu in in i i-u , in; I'.si, no " " ' i .i time iu approaching tne miawua n.iou ine I ' ,, , 7, , , , -, 1 . abatement of the flood, and while a feint . .1. ..- - i.' ... i, i was made at ise.in.es rum, me nios, ,u,,i,, and eligible pass, by a iletacliment nnucr . . . . Lieutenant Colonel elister, ins i.orusinp, inovini' with ,nc mum nnj "'n1". was at dawn of day at the private pass ot Cowan's Ford, where he had been anticipa ted bv tho vigilance ot Pavnison. I lunging into this bold river, which is here the fourth of a mile wide, with Its waters not yet as suaeed, the British troops waded through, ( i .....1 1... o , , recti., 1 lire from our militia ; but succeeded in making': I il.,.;r l ....i;.,.t with the loss of about forty killed and wounded, including Colonel , H ill On tho American side the loss was! ineonsiderable, except in the fall of the gal-1 nnvblson. who here scaled with his life's i so . blood the vows of devotion and duly to Ins! 1, bad made in the outset of, . .... i i i i... .i thestrn I., snift tt III' 1 .P m.lZ'11 OllMYIIiaill- taincd by live years of service iu the field. Our repulsed forces retired to Torrenee's tavern, six miles disiant, on the Salisbury ' - 1 .. I .1 . 11 i . ' 1 maud, they were surprised by Tarleton's ' cavalry, who had been dentin Dtir.suit and put to route, but without serious Io.-h. Gen. Greene now battened eastward to Salisbury I wi,lj tIie troops under Morgan and despatch- eu oners n nuger unit miliums not to ad vance 10 mat place, tut to unite with lnm at Guilford Court House, some fifty miles fur ther east, l'ressing on, pursued eagerly by the British, he crossed the Yadkin at (lie 1 J railing l'ord eastward of .Salisbury. And lere "gain Heaven smiled on the American ' tnuH- eavrJry fried the otrcuin nt .1 . ' l L . C .1 f) I 1 ' I . ,,r ti. ,.,., .i f..,i 1.; 1 . ..i - ,. 1 ..... ......vviiiL'uimr'iMiiui.iiiiiv lllllir!', 'J IL ... ... ;i .. L....I. .IT . ! . t . i . i t r .. .1 i 1 1 r n . -ii """" mm, near ine village or nimtsviiie. II I . ' 1 . 11 . I . -'r; - "--'.' junction of the two divisions of Teniu j -- " ln'e jf attacking them in detail ; but heing co"ni'f't of his power to encounter both, he oyed forward, iu the ardent hope of com- P'"'"" read. V ani1 r,'c UP 'I'0 uieiii 10 uauie iM.iore iney couio i irginia, where ammunition, fundies emits awaited them. His movement up the ladkin had throw n him nearer to the upper fords of the Dan river than Ceneral ( ireene, and enabled him to cut him ofl from i j mat mono ot crossing; and trusting so to I overcome that distance between them as to! arrest his passage in boat, he urged on his I march with all poible expedition. Creenc,' resting his wearied troops fur three days at Ciiillord Court House, where many of them ' within a month wi re to find their la-t repo-e, ' and ei'hnly surveying his condition, deter-1 mined to continue his retreat into Virginia ; and, with twenty-five miles the advantage in distance, set off in a new race with the liiitish Ceneral f ir the lower ferries of the lin In f and weary was the march ' the liur-uit. irganizirig sev en hundred suitable troop, in n light corps, under the commnnd of ( 'ol. Williams, sub ordinate to whom were Cols. Howard, Wash ington and Lee, Cell. Greene phiccd the-.; in his rear, to watch and skinni-h with the enemy, while the army, with it.- baggage and stores, should pursue it. way without molestation. The lirit i.-li General, with a like policy, .-elit forward a vanguard of sim- llar tro-ips, under Gen. Oliara. On tin ir fir.-t approximation the skirmishing between these corps pas bri-li and u. ; I i . . . ii. iu.ii. g no advantage in their re-u't-, tie v w. re di-eontimi. d by the enemy, and ..ft. n these column'- of the two armies would i.e seen in th" wide plantations by the ay, nmv irg forward at a ipiiek si. Ji without sjn , hostility, cx-eept where a eui". .; in the i '. or the cro-.ing of a stream promised some advantage to the pur.-uer. With a fing!e ni. al a day to each army, and slight i: .. i vals fir re-t, the pur-nit and retreat contin ued three days and nights. l!y the m;i-i. r ly disposition, of Colonel Cat rington, of Vir ginia, the Quartermaster General of the ar my, who had i reiou-lv siirn ved this river with a view to as the lir.'Selit, MIC i result ot a camjci! din. ss at its Were in re: w in's ferry, and the over the Dan on tin army of 1 1 reeiie pa-sed 1 illli of February. The division of Williams eluding the cm my, cross, d over the next day, w iuiuiing t lie horses of the cavalry, and pursued by I) Ma ra until within a short di.-'aiicc of the river. Thus ended this cel. br.acd retreat ol two hundred and thirty mi'.-s from the Cnwpciis, diagonally across .North Carolina, int i Vir ginia, and which composes one of the mo-t interesting chapters in all military history. ' '"Utemplating the romantic I'ieduiout couii- iry tiiroiign men u was inane ; its project ing mountains near at hnnd, and loltn rones in the distant view ; its lovely vales ami no ble rivers swollen by floods the battles and skirmishes of the two armies, and exploits of the partis-in corps and individuals liter ally " hair breadth e-cape- and adventures by flood and field," a:, imaginative mind could not attempt its description without bursting lVrth .into fng, aril crowning its heroes with unfading amaranth. l!ut it leaves the liritish General on the northern frontier of a third of the Southern States; shall that State be added to his con.piests'; Frustra ted in the object of his long and wearisome pursuit, he had yet the r-l,it of a victor, in compelling bis adversarv to lice, and wisely eoncludcd to make the most tlectiial u-e of this attribute. After a single day's rci-ose ,. .,,,,, ul,opp,,ed to Hillsborough. . . . . wl"' ',aYf "'n h"-!U, t,"r0' 8,,d terward tne noaru oi ii ar, iiiim nccn receiu- v in session. it was. nernans. a ion He ...r iU Si,.,, nt lint time tint she bid no "re ,t l"e Mat. , at. tti.it mm , tn.u sin . n.ni no e.n ... l. strnek- nt bv the eneinv as a V t , j - , , -i g r -i r submission might have been exacted ; but " ' " W1 ' l,0P' "'" V" d over an extonsiw! terri'ory, intersected by mountains rivers and morasses, the in habitants of which were as little dcpendei, Hi nt on eacli other, ocptior goou iicignnornoou and mutual deteiiee, as they were upon the enemy. There was no permanent neat of government, and the Legislature rarely as- setnbled in the .-aine town twice in sucees- , '... 'I'l I ... , . It.rt sn'.i. me .iceup.moii oi ..;, , recent place of meeting of the General As- semblv and the Governor, therefore, was ,,f itselt a circuinsianee oi nine imp-mance. Lord ( ornwallis, However, crccteu lucre tin royal standard, and putting his printing press again iu requisition, issued forth a proclamation, assuming to himself the air of a compieror.onering, rotec.,, ,, v., pe, sons am. properly, aim ii i .caiMi io v.ie ii. -e sin. . , i of his majesty to proy ty by coming to the their lovultv and it.. lu ! d of his cause, and ; . -, . ..... i ... i,. e thus com running to resi-.-e me . oess.ngs o, order mid good government. , his appeal, accompanied by the most rigid observance of order in the restra.nt ot his troop, from all trespass ou person or " fi. "" without its effect upon the inhabitants of the .......I-,, .,it nf the 1 1 aw ami liort h ot Heeti : v..m... 1 r river, many ot whom had been leaders in the resistance of the Regulation in 1771, and iving licen tliciii overcome and forced to swear allegiance to jtlii: crown, were now loy. which beized the two North Carolina brig- No use river, and seized the town of New-! without regard to their governmental or alUts, as inn-:-h frojji' vcrujdes of coiiscieiicu ndes, under (Jens, l.ulter and Katon, who beru ; and the war between whigs and ganizations ; and the digtiilied reply of Gen us attachment, to thV ueinys cause. had recently joined the armv, and were pot- tor.'es raged in the district between tlio cral Washington to the hanighty note of (juii t c f llio f 'Lfjueror did not Ion" remain undisturbed.,, Alter the fall of (ten .Davidson, on the 1st i February, we left bis cjnini.'iiiil, consisting of nii'ii from Mecklen burg and llowan, railed and dispersed by a surprise from Turh oil's cavalry, at Toricii ' Tavern, six milts from tbn Catawba. l.oasseiiib 11'g, after H lie passage of the Ihit- they cori cted a force of seven ish rmy, hundred men, and fo-Jwwed the pursuing en- numbered more than two to one of the ene emy. There being'iiiH'trenccs of opinion "O'i alK' alt(1' 'light of the militia of among the field ofli ' to the chief coin- J'-aton and Jiulti r, they yet Btood in the maud, hem, as in -js.'.'' of Canr.'ull at ''proportion of V"' to -',1)110. Well, therc- Mouiitain. on the 11th of I'Vhruarv they ,d.ctcl tie.ral Andrew I'iek.ns.of Carolina, to the head of LavidsoVs lri.,it,lU. This ,ii,t;,Miihed parli.an officer was at t,,0 if a't Tom. (!(.. 0I1(, continued ykh'these troops from that time, ', ,,, , , . ., . " """": I'1 "l a uw loWOt' lrofi South ('ar diua. J'oubtlessthpy ' n,.,, 1 .i I I' I m-ii COUlu not. Iiave tiitiml n lni.ro wiLiIfnl .r.i i.,( . , .fli,.;,. , , 1 ..mi u iiu JHifc lilt: LllUl.l ui Hut the cfleet of -tins i-a i Tship Ins occasioned them to be f mukeil ,,y ,jC(J IU1,, , ls,trhlllH for hnihtia of South Carolina. Pa-sin-r leisurely 1 ,1 roui ..r,,,. ,,. ... .,,.,,: they effectually kept do.vu the loyalists, and , at da.vn of day, on the -liorning of the l-Hli of J ebruarv, a detai h uent of two coieba- t.ie.s of this force, by order of Gen. Pickens, . . . ' . . i i 'prised and car.tur :i a i.ieki t stationed at Hart's Mill, within a pule and a half of the head-ouarters ef Cornwallis. ut IliHsboro.' treating to a ulace of safety, in the di- rcctiou of Stonv C'eck. with some live mid twenty prisoners, I'.ckon- had ordered a halt, t aHw tlio.-e eng.'ged in tiie night's expedi- tioli to refresh I 'i,,.K..s -Alii, l,r,..,lT.,.l when an alarm was given of the ai.t.roacli' of the enemy in 'one. Gn at was tho iny oi me camp, now.'ver, tojearn that tlie acU vancing column was tut Tarleton, with his famous cavalry, in .jue.-t of the captor.-, of the j.ickct. but Lent. Col. Lee. at the head .r.i. . I . ..... of his legion, who ha 1 been sent bv-General Grcciie iu aJvane of the main army, to keen an eve upon the iiiemv, and prevent. . .. - . 1 .. ii po.siiiie, tlie ju:etioti ot any loyalists to his standard. Ths wa- the first meetiu-of these renowned lei.b rs. who c i-oiierated so operate actively during th. r. si hie .f the cuiiinai"ii. Informing thcm-sel -cs c .rreetly of the situa- tion and movemeii'e r.f tin-enemy, and learn- ing tuat I arleton bad I -en despatched west- ward, to encourug. tin loyalists bvond tho Haw r;ver, and esort t i liead-ouaiti rs any T ho d.-ircd to jo. the king's army, they set out in pur-uit, t .-.cut off the oimmuiiica- t. ti, an l' a ,-. , it possible, coinr-1 lnm to action, :C-;:u M.l.-s. 1.1 tne si;.ich for 'I'arb ton theveanie ne suddenly up. ;i .i b'-idy of ix Inn 1 loyalist-, under . '. l' o s, who, in'i.iri d bv tin parent " .ci'. -s of the liriti-l ani.-, and tl a- : . ui-'ii i f tie ir Central, to take service nu- ! ids l'ag, w. re ot their march to Hillsbo rough, v- it it that objtct. Kxpi cling to meet Tarh ton, they suplosed the army of Lee :iu I Fiekeiis to be bV, until they were over thrown with terrible slaughur. Ninety lay il. ad upon the field. 'and nearly all the res ilue were wounded. ' Lee and I'i. kens. hur rying forward, i-spiel tlie camp of Tarleton in the evening and were it the same time joined bv Cd. I'r.'stori, with hundred i.icn fr. .in the nioutitkin- of Virginia, who, h.i ing bean' of the strait - M' Gieem-'s army on his retreat, were inarching to join him, ignorant that he had r.a.ss.l the Ihui. But tin- uni'ed forces postponing their attack un- til the morning, Tarletou el ided their grasp, 1 ... "... ... l : . . .1 . . 1 1 :ni i ... .i. .. i- -".on ins ieireai io 1 1 inisoorougii. lei,. Greene, bavin rested his wearied tro 'p, mid replenished his military supplies, and being i. inl'oi'ced by a brigade of militia under Ce.iei al Ste ens, recro-scd the ."an on "Jdd lebiu.'iry, again to manieuvrc with the enemy. At the same "imc, ( 'ornw allis, filled with chagrin at the di.-aster to FUes, iu the first considerable insurrection in his favor since his entrance into the State. moved westward of Haw river, to U nearer to the settlement of the loyali.-K and prevent the recurrence of a like case sit v to his maje-ty's faithful lieges. The Brit. -h General, it must be , i.ited, throughout the campaign, hr.d two objects in Gcw. alter filling to overtake Morgan's prisoners ; the one to destroy ( ' re, lie's army, the other to augment his own by recruits from among the loyalist inhabi tants ; and the aim of the American was as well to impress the bnalists by an ex hibition ,.f his force and spirit, as the safe ty of his own army and the annoyance of bis adversary. Taking position between the upper branches of Haw river. General Cretin: re-established his corps of light troops, under the gallant and sagacious Williams, whieli he l.cpt between the ene my and the main army. In a series of interesting movement-, assaults, skirmishes, and retreats, he baffled all the efforts of bis opponent to bring either division of his ar my to a general engagement, until the arrival of a brigade ef militia, under Gen eral Law-son, from Virginia, and two brig ades from North Carolina, under Generals Butler ami Jiaton. His force being now numerically superior to mat or t lie enemy. j( aiiN., need to engage him in batile, and selected an eligible position at Guilford fomt House. Lord CornwiiUis, accepting ,;. defiance, also ne ved forward to the conflict, which took place on the loth of t , . ... .nareu, lil, and Pecatuo the assailant. .Wither our limits nor your patience will .,uow ., ,.xtl.M,lc,l descriptiou of this, per- Ii ca im, greatest battle ot tha southern war. it is wen pourtrayeii ny .Marsiiall, j,ee, .loh. .son, and hissing. Suffice it to remark, that the order nf battle, the sagacity, the calm self possession, ready resource, and courage of both Generals, was admirable ; t. - ii , i ...... that few en incuts exhibit instances of greater daring and persevering bravery than were manifested bv individual officers, men, und whole corps; that rarely have militia withstood the shock of veteran leg - ulars, supported by artillery, better than did those of Virginia, under Stevens, and l.awson, veterans and Campbell, and never did in any field better illustrate be mis.. i and discipline than the first Maryland regiment under ( ol.GuiiUy and Lieut. ( ol. I maim oi -uajur v. ring, traversed the coun lloward, and tho Pclaware troops under I try, with occasional skirmishes with the Cant. Kirkwood. And but for the nanio r" 1,1 the front line of the battle, under the booming ol cannon, and an approaching charge of the JhitUi under Lieut. Cob Wcbstcr, and who broke and fled with only a desultory fire : and the wavering and flight of the second Maryland re.'iment. under Col. Ford, late in the action, Gcii- cral liieene must have achieved a complete victory. At the commencement, his force i '""' "ns it been obsVrvcd by -uiitoh-all, m..t I no battle in the course of the w,r reflects more honor on the British troop, than that of (Juilford. They, however, were nearly all veterans. Tho,e of (irecne contained a- bout five hundred of this class. Though ,., i... ,.t .1.., .1 ,-.1.- . y"'"?? ward, across the Iteedy Fork of Haw river to the iron works on Troublesome creek, he , ciK'eti'ii ins retreat in good order and lie- i lS 10 "is troojis, leaving to his adversarv a " gory bed" and barren triumph on "the field of battle. His loss, in killed and wounded, amounted in all to about four hundred ; while that of Lord Coiuwalli-, according to the olhcal account, was live 1 l,.l 1 ll .1.1!. ... TV.. ii ii.i.i i cm aiei iinii'ino, lliciuoillg Jjicui. I ( ol. Webster, the Aiax of ids armv, a i friend " w hoin he loved, and w ho leaned i upon his bosom " He was mortally wound- U'd, and i ied some days subseoueiitl v. in i JMadi on the march of the army to'W'il - hiingt ui. Th Meiimirsof Lee mention, that in a 'haip action at hitsell s mill, on needy h'k, which occurred with William's light t ioo I s. a fe w d a v s be fore this battle, ll.i.tv. two rifle shots w:t-rc deliberately lirccl at C..1. eb.-ter, by some ol the best mountain rifle men under Campbell, who were placed in a loghoti.se, with instructions to (ire only at '. speei.il objects," while he led the UritMi column across the stream : but nil without effect. The termination of his life was re- Served for probably a chiinee shot at Juil- 'lr('- A similar anecdote is related of Gen. i.v....; ..ri . i i . ii 1 1 1 """'".t "e s ui m , w no mane a iiki miraculous escape from the lire of a select 011 "-iy . American riflemen, with like! ilehlierate lim, to receive his death wound "' tl,e engagement I f'ter the battle of w'atcr, in October, 1777. "tiil- 1 he effect of the battle at Guilford Court I 1 House, was decisive. It drove Lord Corn-! wallis from North Carolina, and led to hi- ultim.Ve surrender. Bestowing proper care ou the wounded, will, his characteristic humanity, he issued a bulletin, in the form ol a t.rOcialliatl.ju. announcimr the trimni.h. ant sucee.-s of his Maiestv's am,.. : nd proniising forgiveness of pa.-t offences, again esliorteU all loyal subjects to join bun in re-establishing law and order. But when ors of the contest with the mother country ' , T , ' " he surveyed "his shattered columns and in the Colour, and had a large share in the ' '" V ' l,OUf0 '"',t'' ,f a,?.d't thinned and crippled ranks, which had j formation of the constiti.tion for the -over,,. I ' t 0",!aws. ' ''d forfeited their liven sustained a loss of near one-third, ho dis- 'met of the State. From this work be was ' "'U """"P" la. "d whose depreda covered that the " victor was himself ovc immediately translated to the Continental i ,Tr ''X' UU l'0,;l,!'ued V1 ,tb JUtt' come." and the scene immediately rhang- ! Congress, of which he had been an active1 r'ver.il..ei)l. lie advised the most cd. Thus far. bis heart's desire 'had been ' mid 'conspicuous member, from December, ! p n",, Pu'Jlsl"uc"t 0I' . culprits, a general aaion. To obtain it, he had j 177.1, until his election to the office of liny' I " if ,.C-V bo "PPfcd without re- strained nerve and s nnw n,e nil ll... r... : sources of military ingenuity, stratagem and skill; had man bed, full tive hundred miles, through deep rivers and broken and ruinous roads, in heavy rams and m the depth of winter ; and had denied himself n;id his ar-: my the usual comforts of the camp, by the ' destruction of his baggage, to give greater celciii. to his movements ; he had attain- , ed it ; he had driven his adversary from i. i .. r .. .1 . ii i i . . i . i . , ' i.-uny lougni ueiu, ann tasicu tlie sweets f victory, but found them like " IVad Sea fruits. Ihe loyalists had njt risen to join mm, as lie expect."' and mortifying as lie expect."', and mortifying as must have been the fact, he discovered that the . salvation of his army depended upon im-1 Mediate retreat. The indomitable Greene, mi the other hand, refreshing and arraying bis di.-comfitted forces at hiscninp, lifter leaving the field, ad- viincedin three days to renew the conflict, ami now experienced the proud satisfaction of seeing bis late exultant enemy fleeing be- fore lam to a place ot refuge, and that he had delivere,! StaM f,-n, -,.,. 1. bis long suffering patience, prude - - - . ... . , eour- :,ge, and the bravery and the fortitude of his troops. We shall not pursue the retreat of Lord (. ornwallis by way " (. ross creek to Wil mington, nor his march thence, with the line of the present railroad, into Virgins, where, in less than six months, he was obliged to surrender to General Washing ton ; nor General Greene in his subsequent march to the relief of South Carolina. lint there was another invasion, in a (lit- fcreni tpiarter, without a brief nlltision to '. which our task would be incomplete. I As a .art of his plan for the su lt.o.1 of the Mate, Lord Cornwallis, about the 1 time of breaking up his camp at Winnsb i rough, had scut from Charleston a land and naval force, under Major Craig, to take and bold the town of Wilmington, as a convenient port through which supplies might be furnished to his own r.r.ny, which he expected to bring into communication Willi it. I'he expedition succeed, ul. and th town was occupied on the first of February. The only advantage, however, that it a'f- fol ded to the army of invasion by land, j w as a convenient r, treat and abundant re-, trcshinciits alter the ilisa-trnis battle at'.,,,:,r "i ine war, ami sixin alter tl.e Guilford Court House. He reached it on the a! declaration of independence; the 7th of April; and on the V!oth of the same month set oil' to unite iu the atteii.pt to over come Virginia. The post at Wilmington, whieli was oc cupied by about three hundred regular troops, and a numerous but varying force of loyalists, give great encouragement to the ' disa Heeled in that region of the State. From the tin. mess with which the republican ! cause had been maintained, and the more than doubtful success of the British arms in ' the late campaign, they had been brought to observe a prudent neutrality ; but after i the departure of Greene's army into South Carolina, they acquired new confidence, and became a formidable fie. A detachment of this mixed force, under the immediate com militia, as far eastward ns the vallev ( ape bear and Fedee, with .1 fierceness rare IV surpassed 111 border contests, (icnerals jjrown. Owen, Wade, Willis, and oilier patriot leaders in that regbn, besides en- countering this domestic enemy in skirmish- cs and assaults w ithout number, fought with them an unsuccessful battle at JSeattie's liridge on lirowning Creek, a branch of the I'edee, and Ceneral F.ulter, with the militia of Orange county, met and repulsed them, but it without a decisive result, at Linley's ills, on Cane Creek, in the county of mi Chatham One of tho chi..l"s ol ilic iorj coininnnH crs, if not the head of their forces, was David Fanning, who iu his eorresponden'-e styled himself " Colonel of the Koyal Mi litia," and who has left a character in the traditions of the state associated with every ciime savoring of rapacity, revenge or cruel- tv. Always well mounted, ami aecompa- Hied bv a .and o k n. red so r t-. . sweni over the country like a (' :ima nolo , b:. f Surprising parties of Whigs when off their guard, he'often (gave no iniarters ; or IviiiL' ill nuihllsh nr It.illtieili.- 111. on litem nt ll.eir homes, he seized and murdered or tortured n, J '''"wsdl, soldier of renown, fill the obnoxious patriots, and then plundered im1 ,,ic r.xeeutive Chair of North Carolina, nd burnt their dwellings. JJy a scries of hold adventures, betook the town of Cross Creeks, lug"tcs from .N.uth Carohiia, had by res now Fayctteville, captured the w big mili- o-11""". requested him to t.-kc eonunand, tia officers of the county of Chatham, when isitting in court martial at Pittsborou-di : and bv a sudden descent on llillsboroii ib 'at dawn of day, about the middle of Sep j tember, seized and carried oil' the Governor of the State. He outlived look refuge in the loyalist the war and settlement of 1 bine, whose ekcteli of Fanniiifc, in his Lives : .ew Jii uiisw ick, or -Nova N'otia Mr Si- of the lovalists, is exccediii'd v brief and jm. perieci 111 uiiisirntiou ot ins eliaracter as an j outlaw, re lates that when Gen. Marion of i I South Carolina, admitted to terms Gaincv, a celebrated loyalist, and Mfimp a Mir ty under him. 1'annin.r was siieclallv mini. ,tli 1 .. 1 as excluded from tho benefits of . ie arrangement. J his ouite corresponds with the corsair name he has left to our times, in bis old haunts, . u the north side of the Carolina bo.der : and ausr.l him, with two others only, to be-neeiall v i xccptcd from tlie provisions of the ..e, of pardon and oblivion" passed by the 'islaturc at the conchisi The Governor who was ui of the w ar. so unfortunate , i , ,. ,,. ., , a-, to become his prisoner, was His l-.xccl- lency Thomas liurke, an Irish "r-iitleint.il. , bred to the profession of mediiiuc in his native country, but had renounced it for tout ol the law in tl.i. 1 If ii bol l ,., ' Petuous temper, a read v ,.i,r :..,d , cr, and ardently attach'ed to the American cause, he had been one ot the great conduct - eviinr In tl. f,,.f ,..,r, ,.f l, .... ii lie appears to have left his seat in Congress, I at Philadelphia, and cone us anintenri.il the battle of Brandy w ine ; and his election ' to the chief magistracy of the State, in this! crisis, is presumed to have been iu some j degree attributable to the energy and ardor i of his nature, which mi- i,t have rend, Ted him a successful leader in the field. Being i sonic thirty miles distant from the nearest 1 . i . i i i ... . "i uiese marauders iieretoiore, lie was coin- 1 ldetely surprised, and without military at- tendants, in a small village, was carried off! without dilhcultv. Hurried, bv Uj im.l I without dillicuitv. Hurried, bv lone- and 'rap id inarches, through deep forests and pathless tracts of intermingled sand and swamp, threatened with personal violence, and pillaged of everything except the clothes he wore, he was delivered by bis savage captors to the custody of Major Craig, on the "gild of September; and, by an outrage on every principle of justice and public law, he was committed to clo-e confinement. under pretence that was a prisoner ot j , Stato ....) ,.f I! ..... s. ''. ...... .IJL 1 1. I I it I.SIti I I eu L I I Charleston, where General Leslie was in : command, be was paroled, as a prisoner to James's Island. This island was at this 1 time (lVeembcr, 'sl, and January i I infested with large numbers of lorv ri.fii..or.s I wno had sought protection under the British arms, by reason of the recent success of General Greene in recovering South Carolina, and driving in their forces to the garrison of Charleston. To these. Governor Burke, from his past historv and olh ial station, was md object of such deep 1 hostility as to endanger his personal safety, To an application for a parole to bis ow n Mate, er some other Southern State, or to I be exchanged f.r an cpiivalont, or, if all these should be refu ised, tlien tl.at lie miglit be transferred to some other place for his personal safety, no direct answer was made, but I.e w as given to understand that none of his rcipicst could be allowed ; and that, at the solicitation of Major Craig, he was to be detained indefinitely, to the end, that if the notorious Fanning, or any tory lcid- 'r h.mi this l.i itisli other had employed. bi itisli other had en. -"""''hi be taken, and suffer punishment ! under the laws of the State, there might be ! retaliation upon him. It was now the .seventh ! nation- I Amcri- can cause had recently iie.juirert renewed 1 confidence and stability from the surrender f; t ... I I I 1 1 - . . . ... i.oru v ornwallis at 1 orutown, wine h oeca- I bv Ma- I sioned the evacuation of llnnn 'ton jor Craig; from the remit oft he battle at Hut- ! aw Springs, and the conseouent retirement of ; the ltrtish army to Charleston, and from the arrival of largo reinforcements to Ceil. Greene from the northward, under General St. ( lair and avne. The individual thus subjected to degradation and insult, was a high spirited and urbane gentleman, ac customed to the observances of refined life, and the deference habitually yielded to his position. Officially, he was the First Magis trate of the thirteen iudependent States, and the third person in succession who had performed tho functions of that station, lu the outset of the war, Great Britain had of nltectcd to treat all Atncricniis as rebels, - l.eneral Oage, at JJoston, justifying euch a course,, 111 wnien nc nuiioiinees 10 ine jru- ish Commander-in-Chief, "if your otli- cersrour prisoners, receive from nie a treat- ment different from what I wished to hhoiv 'them, they and you will remember the oc- casnm ot it, will readily occur to the read- j cr of history upon the statement of thii question. Jiut in the progress of the contest, 'his pretension had heeu rela.icd luto the observance, for the most pin t, of the rules of civilized warfare ; and the dflty of humanity miioiigtlieir comrtuM, had been "C oginz ed, not only in h.i enforcing close confine ment, but in exchanges of rank for rank, or its ciiuivuleiit. l!ut iu this instancc- ! chicanery was resorted to, and it was al- I icgea that allbough eoutmental officers jw"l'ri so -ar respected as to be subjects of f x'-fiango, a like character could not be 1 ' I M'l " miniKi or mate oinccrs. I ' "e Continental Congress certainly had !,vc" 110 cf,lor to t,"s ntteuipted distinction ; ! on ,lie co,ltri"'.v' ul'n" t!l! fecond invasion of South Carolina in 177 w hen l!ii 1 uuu)ial lwu "rgeui reipicsi oi tne Ue- 111 l'crsnn ' the nulitia force ho bad order- tu "nl w ner ueiencc, witti the ranli ' ol Major General in the continental line. i subordinate only to (ienrr.il Lincoln. A'"' to '"'gativc. in the nio.-t i;nfiiali(ied 1 "l:,l""-'r' u"s Wl'aK l"'1 tension, IJiigadicr i -'iicral Fiutherford, of the North Ciii oliiia .. i. . n . . . i . . '"""a- "no. e eu rcmeniurr, was laKcil jpriswi-'r at the defeat of Gates, had b. recently exchanged, and returned to his own Slate, after a ronfinemcbt of twelve months at St. Augu-tine, Fiord a. The close coiilinement of Governor Burke, ' ,lis Piir'de only to limits in which he was "n constant danger ot assassination. was --'crelore in contravention of recent prccn- .I..... Il.-r.il!..-.. - i i . : ,1" "r" 01 iijuipnncipic, ami couni bP indicated only by that new version . Pu,jll(' lawf lately acted upon in the Car- :"'as by which whole communities of ' l"'ilce"-de citizens were claimed as prison- crs, and each man forced to a parole of non- ! res,",allC0 or tl')e conuiicment, by virtue i of which the lamented Ilayne had been rc- iccntly put to an ignominious death. bv a iininiiiy oruer, wunoiua iriai. x uat ll am J, .... . . ' . i 1 , -"'". su.i.mary aim ! rX!'!"i''lry ,,,anncr' cnn. 0I,J' bo accoun,fd , J ," ;'IT' peace, aim me : :. l"l""". v iuo .ci oi ' pr'--ner liimsclt. fctung by the want of ' J'n v M' ' ,; , ,i . , i . i . r" ' ."' "'"'V' . ""J- oeing well atislied that his own lite was in jeopardy from the licentious loyalists who surrouud ded him on James's Island, some of whom were fugitives from justice in North Car olina, he considered his parole cancelled by the circumstances in which he had been placed by the British commander, and re sdved to withdraw himself from his custody. This purpose be effected on the night of the Kith of January. 17e'J, after bavin.' i been four months a prisoner. IIavin made good his escape, he two days afterwards ad dressed to t.ieu. he-lie the following letter : Jimiarr, 18th, 1783. Sir You will ploano to recollect that I wrols to yon on Ihe :teli last month. reiU.iit,iiT a panda, wilhia the Anierieai, lin. , and iiilerniiiiir von I Unit my iKTsnn r m treat doiger, Iroiii'the jri'l'ng.us, who were exrcediiisrly licentious, and I to whom personnel' my K)litienl i-linracter nru j peculiarly olii.oxious ; tlurclbre, that it" granting j my rcqtiot was im xiHilicni, it wnuld he mccaaary . to rein.iv, n,c to unnie . ,rc where my prrsun ni.ght he a-ife. You wre not pleased to answer nnii leiicr, ami I l.mml mysell Mill rxpoaud to " 1,1 re out loo well known tu l,e Utile re. . ... I r.ul.cd l,y iin.rul principle!, und whom I hud men commit murder, with in.irc inimmit v. Ileemii,,- '" cxccfriini.lv prnhalde Cm th.se mi.-ht ronceive .Vl"i,'".t dooc'i against me, and knowing : r 1 rumsnmeiu wouiu m l retrain nitii who I'll thfiiiKclvca arruru even from lihcover v . 1 tl-1 1 .vn- i,.,..r ,ilir: sixteen ,h v. all lhi an. im in-umous oi ansiiHsinanon. As mv repreienl.i. t.on In you had not procured your notice, to far a even to induce yon to answer me, I s.i,v no prospect nf being relieved from my dangemua situation, ninl I conehnlfil such neglect of inr pi-mmial aafely would justify my withdrawing '"' person. Hut though I carried Una resolution ' I'. ! 'j, , "l?" U T""1' " . "" V"1'" ru of , enntdr. you to, "I pur;H,J retuniing 'to 'my gov, rniiicnt.'uml tin-re lo , xiect nn answer ,"" "" lo '"iMw-mg propositi.,,, ; i w,n t.. ZXtrX T!" lent iu vclunige tor inc. or ll tn it cannot Ik, rlVccteil, I w ill return woiiin vnur bnea on parol". provided you will pk tig.- you,- honor that I shall i i,..l he lre.;t, .. in ant in oii it ihlU reut Iron, the , oilicers ol'tlie Continent h.r;, y when prisoners of . war. Tim proportion will, I l.p.-, be satlafdC. t..ry, ami will leave yon to, i!.,ul,t !, ,1 j with. 1 drawing 1 had no disllonoralde intention. 1 am : .e., TiioM vs ia ukii. ' To this letter no reply was directly made, nut in a correspondence which, ensued be- twecn General Leslie and General Greene, and the latter officer and Governor Burke, a discussion was had on the propriety of bis withdrawing under the circumstances of th.; case, and his rights as the first civil officer of a Mate, and tne commander-in-chief of her militia, when in a state of captivity which I I . . 1 . . - ' had we leisure to pursue it, would he found to be among the most interesting chanters on public law, in tho history of the Revolution, hatever ind n,ni, ,r,. ui.ir n, n. pronounce upon a breach of parole, in any I and all circumstances, there can be no doubt 1 that the treatment to which he was subject- I cd was a nross nation:,; indi 'i.itv and wr.m,' a gross national ind. for which atonement w is due, and perhaps should have been exacted ; and that his ap prehensions for his personal safety were not vain or idle, Col. Wasbiugtou, who was at this time a prisoner w ithin I he British lines, having been taken ut the battle of Kutaw Springs, and was familiar with the desper ate charat.T of the tory refugees on James' ' Island declared that ho would sootier go