?3b a "
CHARLOTTE, TO". O., 3XTOVBMBBR IS, 18SS.
THOMAS J. HOLTON,
KUITOH & 1'itUl'HlETOn.
TKHMrj:
TTh Vo-Mii.Cnrolinti Whip will he a (lorded In piiI.
tcrilit-rs at TWO lOU,AKS m udvunce; TWO
DtlLI.AlC AND in TY C LNTS it p.viiMiit I
diliynd for l ii ret inoutJu; ttnti TIIUKK DoM.AKH
at tltv ttid of tlio year. No puM-r will he uincoii.
tinued unlit nil arrt:arngt-a are paid, except ut the
option ol the Kiiitor.
Advertisement inserted at One Dollar per -juitre
(16 lnnar this eiitid tyyi ) for the llfl lime,
t mi, nil 2j ctuU for cu-li cuhtmtMitce. t iurt ud
vertiiiiit'i)ti end Sjit-rilT'a Sal chdrgud 24 per
cent, hif bur ; mid a deduction of 3M pt r c nt. will
b nude from the rt-jjuhir price, for sdverliM-r by
tht year. .4'lveritJHM ut timet tr-ii iiiutitti ly or
quarterly, At 91 per a-juan; tor rarh tun, I, mi
nion. lily 75 centi p r wjuurc lor uucti time.
ffj'IValmaati-ra are fiulhurind tu net an irrttli.
Jlotlrn.
(fivrn the KntckftlofitT.)
I.UTKK BOOTS.
UT BOim B ATT! ISRAIH, A. M .
0 dainty fv.l !
U f r ttrr hoot !
T pu.ty you're alio ktitg :
1 ftilr know
Of one thl" jr wnrmr.
And that's enow wlutv to-kii.g.
nel mid clean,
T.(jf tlirt n.
Kn i'iir nmt grre
To you to otrt
Wo.it ry inrr wrolti,
A lirfhdioiue L-U-ti.
The h ft fig litem
IT midnight drr .in.
Th ery moI of a-onr :
M'-ii wnt you little
Here below.
And nevrf wanta you long.
Ily I'l.ilo neVr
f-W-nt tnpoMif here ;
By I'ltito r titer tmn,
T Ied pnor iiimo
(An a-y pUn.)
To any place but fltaven.
Vet I vow
There' in-gic now
About tifj'i foot.
And tunning
'I lc w ii -rd hitd
Tlit ttlddc g4ltt'f hoot.
For wh'Ie the knn
Tlx 4l!T
To m.ift .U tonA4fe th9iu.
M tHktnJ he hoaxed.
An.)
Tlie ngtla uwn to r them.
lisccllancous.
in iLu tou of W , iu ew Jerrj,
iu 'death on pUlrri,' ami wou'ulo t allow
the in to C'Jtno itLtu nn-li't nf 1. 1 in it lie
toulil help it U ao liapjielieii that out! Nat
Tii- kcr, a Vaukec peililli-r of the mol incor
riihle kinl,iu dry good, clue 1 and other ' Iij
fju,' chanced that ay, having lirard of the
ii-likc of the Squire to uinrrant.i of hU c!,
li! lovkutl upon l.iiu ai fair (jamc, and di tor
tiiioud to ' cll ' omt! of la lit warvn and the
old man at the iame time. Areordiii)ly
the firt liou-e ho drew up at on ihU riii the
town wan tha houo of the Spire. It u
at the clote of a nrm dy in July and the
old man oat complacently ninAin hi pipi
utidr the porch of hi houn'. Aa Nat ap
proached hint villi a clock under hi arm
aud a dozen of ilT apo'jua in hit liaud,
the old man majentioally waved him off, at
the name tuna ex ''aiiniiijj :
'f'leir out! I'jii't J'jU come in here, I
d.m't want any o' your tribe louud mo ! I
kuow you.'
' Wal, 1 mutt low, Sijiii ro aaid Nat, pool
Mturcdly, that you e got the ad vat.t.ii,'C
of iue, 1 dou't know you and I pue.H your
Uiihhori dont Duther, f r they luU'd inc
you was a good (.'lni.-luin, mi 1 never turn
ed a hu.iry man nny from your door.'
Tlie co'tluejis of N.tt caused the .ij iire
to paue, tit he was a whole nouh-d, hopi
thle man, he hean to thinl: he iniirlit he
miMakeii iu Nat true eharitcter. At U 'l'tli
lit iniiiircd loikii) the vi-itor ateadily in
tlie face. Answer nie one itctiiii iii't
Jou a peddler !
' Peddler he darned ! no,' aid Nat.
' Then what are you hrin.'in them things
la tUa houu far?' 4itriil l4 tt,M,
(niiiting to the article which Nat wait car
rjiiitf 'Wal, the fact replied Nat, ' I don't
much like to leave theixt aileer fpooit" i" 'y
oii, fir aomehody iniht make love to
'mi, and an for this clock, I couldn't all rd
to lone it tio how, for it'a ji-t one o' the
raeutcit clock out. L i' a howl of
tread and milk nation bad, and if you'll
" accommodate inc 1 11 hev to go furlh.-r,
aud if any body axes my opinion of ye,
iocoiirM- I'll tell 'cm bow good you aiu to
Iran ers.'
Tim nettled the matter, and Nat wat in
Mted iu. Th tfijuiro a wile wnt out, but
tlie old mail placed a howl of pure milk and
'"mo white bread before Nat, who, I Jt v i i Lt
ide the obi f.i-liiniied opoou which the old
"in brought him, ouppliod il.t place, wild
eoc of lii-i owu, and proceeded to 'go in' uit
hou-h he had fai-ted for a mouth. When
hud about half fini-hed bin meal, Nut
lunarked aa ho paued to turn hi fpoon
'r aud eye it d mil iii).ly, 'How much
titter milk tauten out u new ipuiie than it
X't out'n old one.' !' Vet, 1 nuppo-e it
doe,' replied the .S.juire, who bad all alonf
teen eyeing the remainder of the set, ami
idiiii he win the powefior "f them, that
la miht a,tc,niv, i,u old lady ( who by
lia Wuy wan given to btroii niiudediic.!,
tlmt wearing the brcechci') on her return.
'I jrot them cro anooim very cheap.' re-
larked Nut again-, a ho awnUowcd a Inro
"t'utliful of tho 'lacteal,' ' aJ I've "J
doubt my Nance ';MliKl itcd with 'em.'
'I Vpor-e y . u wouldn't cure about parliu'
with 'fin would you !' Raked the Squire hes
itatingly, ' Wal, no, don't kcer much about it,' nn
awercd Nat, ' but acciu ' its you, 1 mought,
and I guess there's some more of the same
sort lei t, which 1 kin git before I go hum.
Till you what I'll due, .Squire if you'll
give mo them ere cptines of yourn and my-cnty-tiie
cents to butc, jest to pay mo for
my trouble, they're yours.'
' lone V snid the Squire, and immediate
ly ho was put into possession of a doien pla
ted spoons, for which he exchanged a do-
Xetl slid, 14.fuiluiil.nui41 mmJL 1 tha hoot.1
Nutsecuied to regret hi burguio, and bhow
ed no di.-poaitiou to take the old spoons
which the Squire laid in a bunch before
him, when i!.:' Jitttcr, fearing he mijjht ut
ter his mind, and d-w.iud his property
hack, left the room t'oY the purpoic of Blow
ing them suuly away.
A broid grin pascd oer Nat's face it
the old man disappeared, and raised from
his sent, he approached one of these solid,
old-fashioned Knglish clocks, specimens of
which may yet occasionally be met with,
which occupied a po-itiou iu one corner of
the room. Opening the door, Nut carefully
cut the cords which suitained the weights,
so that the slighte-t jnr would be sure to
prut them, and theii thrusting his knife up
underneath the face of the clock; lie clip
ped all the cogs but one from one of the
wheels, closed the case u'in, and had just
takcu hia seat wheu the Squire entered.
'Tell you what Squire,' said Nat assum
ing a frightful t ipmssion of countenance,
' 1 begin to feel bail ' fraid I III goiu' to
have one of them dratted lit which takes
me dow n sometime. ' Yes, there it comes !'
he yelled and immediately alter he jump
ed from hi chair high enough to touch the
ceiling and came down on (he Hor with a
foice ibat shook the house to its foundation.
Hang! bang! went the weights of the old
clock, and rick ! rick ! click ! click ! snap !
snsp ! went the wheels, till the Squire was
fairly dumb-founded, aud knew not which
to attend to fii-.t. the old flock or Nat, who
lay writhing oti the floor.
The scene did not la-t long, however, for
Nat very spetdilv recovered, and then the
Square alluded to the liaise which the clock
had aiade. Nat examined it, and pronoun-
ced it worn ut. He told tie Squire he had
Leilrr either make a rat trap of it, or sell
it to the tirt serond-kaiid furniture niau
that came along. Then be incidentally and
j quite carelully mentioned Ins ewn clock,
' and comparing it with the Squirt's pointed
out the new itnprov.. .m-nt, e-pccially the
''alarm' an an-eincut at all ot which the
'old man was coii-uiu-dl v lick cd. and the
upnoi was mat toe ciocS changed owners
a the spoons had il mi previously. Nat
received t'ijc cid clock, w rth abut twenty
dollars, for t n shilling article. Nat now
thought it '.--.! tie..- i Travel, and accor
ding1! depsit. .' He Mowed tlie o'd clock,
tog. thT nub the S.juire spoon can-fully
away in the bott ou of bis wagon, out ol
sight, and stjrled. but bad not gone far
when be met the Sq iire wife, of whom he
had iiiaiiigsd to get a full description, both
with regard t hoi tamper aud appearance,
returning hotiiewk rd.
' Aiut your natno Mrs. H.!' he inquired,
a thsy m,-t.
' Ye,' said th? old lady, snappishly, ' but
what a that your business ''
' ( lb, nothing,' n p'ii d Nat, ' only I didn't
know but whit ud like to buy a few no
tious a pair ol scis-ors, for m-taiice. I
stepped into your house, yonder, and the
Squire told me he hail broken yours since
yuti bin gone but he said he wouldn't buy
any new one fir you, aud you shouldn t
buy for your-vlf."
Iid he say that?" ni 1 the obi lady, de
fiance Hashing tioiii tier ryes.
'He did so,' replied Nat, 'and siiid JOU
shouldn't b iv scissors or nothing else with
out his orm nt.
' Jt is all very well for him to talk that
way behind my back, but he wouldn't do it
if 1 were there.
' 1 1! show t . i in whether I H buy anything
or lif t,' she ci'hti.iUcd determinedly, as she
itiimc'liiilely proceeded t puiehuse numer
ous articles to the auiom.t of about three
iloll.T. all the money siie had with hi r, af
ter which she proceeded homeward, boiling
over with wrath, and Nat proceeded on his
wny whistling. Words would fail to give a
rotted description of the scene uf crimina
tion which followed when the Squire's wife
reached home, and we shall not attempt it,
but shall pas on to iiii incident which oc
cuied some time utter. 1 he old folks had
been reconciled to each other, and went by
invitation to a neiL'hboi ing town. While
thr MuiiUtlietr nay in" silo w -shop, n ml ,
almost the lir-t thing that attracted their
attention was the old clock. It looked as
natural as ever and was altered in nothing
save its history. They Icuincd for the first
time, from a label upon it, that it had been
the property of (leucral Washington, and
that it had been bought at auction by a
gentleman, together with the documents
iroving it identity, and sold to the pro
prietor of tho store for lli il hiimlitil ii.,m .'
Nat Tucker was the last pullar that ever
' aold ' the Squire.
IwKMIVKCEMI ;s OK Til It AMWtlrANX.
Few arc aware of the marvellous inventive
triumphs constantly going forward iu this
country. A cotompornry ys :
" We have seen lately, as a specimen of
r.ne American iuechaiiic.il peniu,' machine,
co-tiug not over five hundred dollars, inven
ted by a working man, which takes hold of
a sheet of brass, copper, or iron, and turns
off complete hinges at the rate of a gross iu
ten minutes hinges, too, neater than are
made by anv oilier process; n!o, a ma
chine that takes bold of an iron rod and
w hips it into perfect bit p'inted rows with
wonderful npility and by a single process.
This is also i'.v, t.tf of a working man ;
and loth tln.se ,,i o nines are superior to
..,. il,, , .if tin. kind in t'.io world. No oth-
l mi J '
I . . . f I' . .i . -i ti OilTlof i U It ll
er process oi uiuiiuianMn. s ....
them."
ADD11ESS OV HON. THOMAS KUF
l'TN, OF ALAMANCE,
JJrliveretl before the &tile Agricultural So
ciety of JS'orlk Carolina, October lth,
1S50.
The duty baa been assigned to me of
making up to this assemblage of our fellow-citizens
the usual address in behalf of
the Agricultural Society of North Carolina.
I heartily wish for your takes, as well as
my own, that it bad been allotted to some
other person more competent to instructor
entertain But, though reluctantly, I have
undei taken it, that I might, if no other
cood should be done, show my concern in
the welfare of the agriculture of North Ca
rolina and its kindred arts, and my xcal for
their udvaueoiiieiit and prosperity, under a
confident assuraucc, indued, of the kind con
sideration of North Carolinians for the im
perfections of ot;e who, though unused to
public speaking, is sincerely desirous, iu
any way he can, of magnifying to North
tjii.-oliiVaus their chicfcalliiig mid office, and
eudeavoi..rn lr ni.ke them satisfied with
their situation i.erc.
Iu the fir.-t pUceiJ ' Ct, that to all here
thanks for their attciiia:iv.'-' :'' tt hearty
welcome should be tendered. '1 i'iJ purposes
of the Society and the mode of eUenl'ij;
them, arc generally known ; and c invite
the co-operation of all in the good work.
Join in our association. Let every one dd
what he can to the general fund of agricul-,
tural knowledge. Knt-r into the compe
tition for improving tillage, perfecting and
increasing the productions of the grain--,
the grasses, the vegetables, and the fruits of
the earth, our animals ami our implement
of bjshundry, ami other manufactures;
and exhibit here ot our Fair such things
as you have. Indeed, those who only bring
themselves are very welcome ; for, alter ail
our men and women are our be-t produc
tions, and it can only raise a just pride to
sec them gathered together to extend ac
quaintance, form friciidsdips, gain and im
part knowledge, honor agriculture, and
thereby become the more content with our
lot being cat in North Carolina.
Next, the Agricultural Society owes, and
we ask the agricultural community to join
in making acknowledgment to the (icneral
Assembly for the pecuniary aid extended
to the Soeiety. Its u-elulness depends
chiefly on its ability to offer aud pay pre
miums to exhibitors to s-j"h tin amount as
may stimulate competition an J mul':ply ex
hibitions. A proper amount of premiums
w as large' than could be confidently count
ed on at tin es from the fluctuating and un
certain contributions of annual subscribers
and visitors at the Fairs ; and, since our
last annual meeting, the Society presented
.i T, , '"""I praviog such
assistance Irom tlie rul.lic i ie.l.-ui-, Jl
body might deem requisite to the advance
ment of agriculture and tuanuf.ictutcs
among us. I am happy to announce here,
that, iu compliance with the memorial, a
pcrinuiictit annual appropriation of S1,.V0
was made for the payment of premium?,
subject only to tin? reasonable and politic
proviso, that within the preceding twelve
months, the Such ty shall have raised the
like sums for the emtio uses. The appro
priations, if not fully adequate to the wanti
and claims of a people as agricultural as
those of North Carolina, is yet of great ben
efit in many re-perts, and chiefly as perma
nently establishing the Society and Fairs,
since it cannot be siippo-ed that the fanners
and mechanics and trader of the State
hive hearts so dead to their duty and inte
rest as to let tin in fail f r want of contri
bution on their part to an equal amount.
The present i the first occasion, since the
gi ant, on which the Society has had the op.
poitunity of acknowledging this legis:itie
bounty, and we take much prde aud plea
sure in doing so.
Now, it may be asked : Is the agriculture
of North Carolina worthy of this public
patronage, and of the cffoits of some of her
citizens to promote and improve it T I an
swer, Yt s y es--North Carolina is cut tied
to all, that every one of her people can do
to promote her prosperity and elevate her
character; and her sons wiil be limply re
munerated for their efforts for her advan
tage and their own. t )ur occupations are
essentially agriou'itui-pl, mid embrace all
its vaii ly of pursuil planting, farming,
breeding of live stok, and the culture of
fruits, l util very recently tiny were al
most exclu.-ivi ly agricultural, a there were
natural obstacles to foreign commerce, dif
ficult to overcome, and but lew manu
facturing establishments iiinoug us. In
both these respects progress has been made
and is making ; and there is good ground
of hope, that hi lore long fleets of our
own merchantmen will sail Irom our shores-,
richly laden with our pri.iuetions for
sale or excii.nige ill I ne pons ot our sis
ter States and foreign countries, w bile facto
ries of vsriou kinds, now established ill dif
ferent parts of the State, will be multipli
ed bevoild any present calculation that can
be made, not only for the fabrication of the
most useful implements of wood, iron, and
other metals, but for our supply of those
fabrics out of the great Southern staple,
cotton, which have become indispensable
Manufactures are already, without doubt,
material helps to agriculture by diversi
fying employments, increasing the consump
tion at home of our crops and stocks, and
supplying on the spot and without delay,
many articles need tut to the planter ntid
farmer. Ill time, they will become a more
distinct, productive and influential item in
our political economy ; but never, 1 think,
as the rival or foe of agriculture, but as
a faithful friend and servant. As yet, how
ever, the cultivation of tho earth is the
rent ami productive business of North Ca
rolina. It has in nil o us hitherto a thriving
and happy rural people. W u nro still so ;
and it will still be more so. ns it becomes im
proved and more productive. Why should
not tho agriculture of North Carolina be a
improvable and improved, ami her son,
engaged in it, as prosperous and happy a
those of any other parts of pur country '.'
No reason of weight, can be given in the
negative, if we will but strive for improve
ment. lOvery thing is in our favor, if we
will make the efl'ort and use the proper
moans; Rud of that t.Ciy one may bo sa
tisfied if he will observe and reflect cu what
is around him.
The profits aud the comforts of agricul
ture depend mainly oa climate, soil, labor,
and the lac-ilitics for disposins; ot sirplusses
of production. The two first, cliuate and
soil, should bo congenial to produce requi
site for the sustenance of the busjandmau
himself, and in demand fur others w ho can
not produce for themselves. Id loth points
North Carolina is highly blessei'. Iu her
position on the globe she occupies that tem
perate and happy mean, wiiieh is conducive
to health and the vigorous exertion of the
faculties and energies lf body and mind,
! in employ niotits ten l; ,tvvf 'I' l'i "II others
j to the hospitalities ami charities of life unil
j all the other virtues cf the heart, aud which
constitutes a climate, that, in unison with
I her fertile soil, yielts abundantly to the dil
I igent tiller nearly all the iiecussuries and
many of the luxurcs required by man. tie
do not work barely .o maintain life ; but, be
yond that, to rcali-.c gains that may be em
ployed in the addtionof other things pro
ductive of the dotation and refinement of
civilized man. tht winters, by their dura
tion and rigor, do, nut confine us long with
in doors, nor cauie us to consume t tie pro
ductions of our hbor during the other part.
!'f the year; but we are abie to prosecute
0mT fie!- otetati.ris and comfortably pursue
our proilueUvet'l.J'iojiur iits throughout the
four season. 'JliOUgh not "f such i-xteut
of latitude as th:reby tocreate much varie
ty of climate, aid consequently oi' produc
tion ; yet, the dimension! of North Carolina
ca-t and west 'Upply that deficiency in a
remarkable degri e. 'i he proximity to the
oceau of the eastern coast, and the diller
cneo in elevation between that aud the
iaouiitnius of the wc-t, v. ith the gradations
iu the immediate regiens, produce a divers
ity of genial climate which gives to North
Carolina, in heisclf, the advautnges of many
countries conjointly. J!y nature, too, her
soil was as diversified and as excellent as
her climate'. The ridi alluvial of the cast,
the extended and extremely fertile rallies
of the many b ug streams the Kounoke,
the Tar, the Neu-e, the Cape Feur, the Y ad
Liu and Codec, the Catawba, aud other ri
vers, which appear up-u our map, besides
those of smaller streams, almost number
less, all, at a moderate expense of care and
labor, return largo yitlds of nearly every
t'laiu and other production fit for told.
Kicc, maize, wheat, r)f, barley, oats, thu
pea, the potatoc of each kind, besides an
endless varii ty of ether sorts, vegetables,
fruit, arc found abundantly therein ; while
higher up the country, in addition, the
gras-es grow so readily and luxuriantly as
to afford not litt!.- plots on the moi-t bot
toms of brook, but c.-tensive pastures and
magnificent meadows to the tnoun'aiu tops.
.. ... - aiiiv.v.. v-.eic
and tobacco, so i xtcn-ivcly used and ill
such great and increasing demand to nun
or the other of which the greater part of
the State is eminently suited. (If fruits,
melons of every kind aud of the best qual
ities, n pies, pouches, pear', cherries, nec
tarine") and apricots flourish almost every
w here, as do al-o the smaller, but most va
luable kind, as the strawberry, the rasp
berry, lo.-obcri i , currants, and above all,
ou native grape-, tlie sweet and prolific
Seuppcruoiig aud the rich Catuw ba, which
mature well, besides some of foreign origiu.
When to those are added the fish, with
which our eastern waters abound through
the year, but are alive iu the spring our
naval stores and lumber, our marls, our
mineral, gold, silver, copper, and especially
the extensive and rich deposits of iron ore,
and the coals, one may confidently a-k, is
there any other country which e .'Mains or
produces more or a greater diversity cf
thing to sustain life or to bring money!
And thou let me enquire of you. North Ca
rolinians, what better couutry do want
than your own ! I hold it is good enough
too good, I urn tempted to say, for sinful
man. It requires oniy to be dressed uud
tilled to give nearly all we want on earth,
and much for our fellow man !. happily
situated. There may at some time be a
stint below our usual abundance ; but we
need never fear a famine here w hile we work.
Indeed, what calamity can baldly In fail a
country w hore maize which we call Indian
coin grow to perfection. There is no re
cord of a de n til, approaching famine, where
the principal crop was maize, a- it is here.
O.ir ciimatc and soil are so congenial to the
other cereal.-, that a failure of that crop
from an unpi opitious season i iieceai liy
perceived iii time to provide the others, or
some of I belli, a a substitute.
Such is North Caroliua! Hero she is,
and bt any man say, who can, whether she
be not in every thing as she has now been
held up to lii in . Then, why should any
c.ive her? ( Iru.-t the period of her peo
ple s uesertilig aim nee King wn.it tlicy nev
er found a. better place, is near its end,
mid that they will cleave to her and exalt
her by uniting in an ct! ut to render her,
by increased fertility, yet more teeming in
her production, and to embellish her with
durable and tasteful habitations, gardous
and lawn, with substantial farm houses,
with orchards and every other thing that
can make her beautiful iu our eyes and fas
ten our alleetions on her. True, the soil is
not what it once was, and our task is not
merely to preserve fertility, but iu a gn at
degree to restore that which has been more
or les exhausted. We must nut blame our
ancestor too hastily or too severely, for
the system under which the rich vegetable
loam they found lu re was so used up. The
labor and hardships of settling m w ild coun
try leave but littie opportunity for more
than preparing for cultivation and cropping
such parts of the land us are absolutely ne
cessary for maintaining the colony. Land
was in plenty timber mi incuniberaiice,
and labor scarce and costly; so that, in re
ality, it was cheaper, and the sounder ecou
ouiy in them to bring new fields with their
exceeding superficial fertility into culture,
rather than manure those which they had
red uee J by imperfect tillage and scouring
cropping. Throughout America the land
sufVi rod by the exhausting operations of tho
settlers and their descendant for several
generations; but that can only go on to a
certain extent, and then it must st -p. When
"ettiii" to Ic so reduced as not to pay for
cultivation, necessity forbids a further re
duction of thu soil, aud then the process of
regeneration begins. At first it pro'-ceds
slowly; but every degree of improvement
furnishes means for still greater, and ac
cordingly it increases its pace, aud by im
proved culture, manures, rotation of crops,
and the like, it ends in a productiveness be
yond its original capacity.
If uot to the lowest, certainly to a very
low condition, much of the land iu the Slate
had been brought ; aud the time came, when
if iiiipiovetneiit was ever to be made, it
would be commenced. I use the expression,
"the time came" instead, of " ha. come,"
because it is a joyful fact, that some per
sons iu various parts of the State, many in
some parts, have improved, and continue
to improve their lands ami increase their
crops profiling much therefrom in their
foi tunes and setting the rest of us examples
by which we ought al.-o to profit. We have
all Leard for some years past, that the era
of improvement had begun in the groat and
wealthy county of F.dgecoinbe ; and 1 learn
from unquestionable source-, tb'it the intel
ligent uud enterprising planters of that
country have been rosanied by sietial suc
cess. I do not propo.-c. to ei ter into a de
tail of their sy.-t'-m further than to say, that
it consir-ts chiefly in draining by ditebe ai d
embankment, making jiiid applying coui-po.-t,
the use or guano and plaster ut I'liris,
and the field-pet as an mncioratiiig crop,
as well as food for stock. I ad'u.e every
one, however, who has the opportunity, by
minute cnquiiies to obtain from these who
have put tiis sYtem into ue, detailed infor
n at kmi respecting it; and I feel no hesita
tion in preleriing a request to the planters
of Jldgecotiibc, as public-spirited gentlemen,
to communicate thruiigh our agiicultural
periodicals, the history of their impiove
meiits, and their experiments as well those
iu which they failed as those ill which they
succeeded, with all other matters which
may be u.-cful to their brethren in other
section.
Iu other parts of the country, writh which
I am more intimately acquainted, much
improvement has been made, to my own
knowledge. Of the counties ranging along
our noi them border, from Warren to Stokes,
inciu-ive, I have bad (or about lilty years
considerable knowledge. That was the prin
cipal legiou of the tobacco culture. Accor
ding to the course of that culture, where
ver it prevailed in our early annuls, the
country was cut down rapidly, cropped
mercilessly with a view to quantity rather
lhau quality, then put into corn, aud ex
hausted quickly and almostcLtirely. When
I first knew it, and for a long fiaic after
wards, there were abounding evidences of
former fertility, and existing and sorrowful
sterility. Corn and tobacco andoats were
anii'JH inir only crops. Jj'jt little wheal
and no cultivated grasses were to be -seen
in the country. Wurren and (iranville
bought the little flour they used from Or
ange wagons. Large tract were disfigured
by galls and frightful gullies, turned out
as " old-fields," w ith brooinstraw and old
field piues for their only vesture, instead of
their stately primitive forests, or rich crops
foi the use of man. This is a sad picture.
lut it is a true otie , and there was more
fact than figure iu the saying by many,
whose work of destruction rendered that
region so desolate, mid who then abandon
ed it, that it was " old and worn out."
Happily, some thought its condition not so
hopeless, and cherishing that attachment
for the spots of their nativity, within these
few years since the tiuic of river naviga
tion aud railroads begau set about repair
ing the ravages of loiiuer days. Do you
suppose they were content with less crops,
and therefore that they cultivated less land
than before, leaving a large area to natural
recovery by rest! That was not their
course. They did not give up the culture
of tobacco, but greatly increased it, and
corn also; and they added to their rotation,
wheat, w hen so much more easily and cheap
ly carried to market, liut they greatly in
creased the collection and application of
manures from the stables, ami tbo cattle
yards, with considerable addition of the
concentrated manures obtained from abroad,
and protected the land from washing by
judicious, bill.-idc trenching and more thor
ough plowing. The result has been, that
many old-fields have been reclaimed and
brought into cultivation, the lands general
ly much increased in fertility, and of our-o,
iu actual and market Value iu the lil.e pro
portion, while the production ha, pr ibatoy,
doubled iu quantity and value iu ail the
range of counties mentioned. Such exam
ples are honorable to those who sit them,
and useful to others, who desire to improve.
For that reason 1 have thought it proper
thus to signalize them, as I would gladly do
Other, which lime Mit I tinfio t. rrJ
were I as well aware ot the in : contenting
myself with-adding only, that I think i see
the dawn of a bettor day in the county of
mv own residence and tho-e contiguous.
For our present purpose, it is sutliciciil that
we can hence learn that the effects of the
most injudicious and destructive cropping
may be repaired by good husbandry, in
the use of fcitilizers saved "u the f irm, and
others which are becoming better known
and more attainable than formerly ; aud
thus nil outlay will be more than reimbur
sed nt a short day by the increase of pro
duct, besides enhancing the value of real
estate. Thus will our agriculture be render
ed as pleasing and a profitable us that of
the most favored portions of the earth.
Thou let me say once more to you, men
of North Carolina, stick to her, and make
her what she enii be and ought to be For
vou ami your son she wiil yield a rich
harvest: to feme ' thirty, fold, some sixty
fold, and some an hundred fold," accord-,
ing to tho skill and diligence with which ;
the tillage of the good ground is done. ;
The nature of the labor employed iu our
agriculture is the next subject for our con
sideration It is a most important element
in the cost, amount and value of production.
I very frankly avow tho opinion, that our,
mixed labor of free while men of F.uropean
origin and of slaves of the African race, is
as well adapted to the public and private
ends of our agriculture as any other could
be mailing our cultivation not less thorough,
cheap and productive than it would be, if
"ifrru
K CUBBKBUBn
learned on by the whites alone, and far
, more so than the blacks by themselves could
uiive- n ; ami, niereiore, tnai ii nas a pen-. impolitic, nor unwholesome. J or certainly,
ehcial infiuoiico on thu prosperity of the though slaveholders, we may claim to pos
' country, and the physical and moral state sess as clear understandings, and as clear
of both races, rendering both better mid consciences as generally fall ,o the lot of
happier than cither would be hire, without other men.
the other. Of course, I am not about en-; It wou, idecf, be otherwise, if it were
Itering into that controversy which has con- true, as supposed or set forth by some,
neeted itself with the contentions of seelioi; that slavery degrades free labor, and con
.ill factions, struggling ior political power, sequcntlv, that our population arc too proud
, lt is unnecessary that I should ; for every or too lazy to work, aud become, especially
1 one is aware, I believe, of the nature of the saVe owner, .li.solnt,. -ml .,r..i,r..i.. n,m.
controversy and the motives ot the parties
to it. It is one ot the conservative effects
ot slavery to impress on d....r ......:.
lion of the lliCMliniible Value ot the I nion,
I f ., , .
; mid a profound reve.e.iee for the (.oust, tu-
no wi.icn creaicu u ; anu Hence ue Paint-
ually cherish a good feeling, as of brethren
tow a.os our Ichcw-utucis ol every St .to,
and any deed or word tcnuing p, m.pair
the perpetuity of the bnion and the effieieii-
cy of the ( onsntutioi, and the laws passed
in accordance with ,1, or to aln-iiale -.;.- f-
lectio,. o .he people of .be ditic, nt Mates
from tad, other, w --" wlh impatience
mid frowiicu in with mutilation. Indeed,
if tl.ele v.ele line fl.iln. in si.-ni-i-e or tl
interests' connected with il incompatible
with that fundamental law , 1 doubt not thai
'OUT people would willingly abide by that
sacred instrument, though it should cut off
' u right baud or pluck out a right eye. llut
there will be no occasion for a rli-play of
our loy ally iu that respect, since the Coti-
, stitutiou clearly recognizes our laery. sir-
, tains the rights of ownership, and tnlorces
the duly of service; ami I nm
persuaded,
that the obligation of those provisions and
' their execution will be ultimately pronounc
ed and carried out by those on whom the
Constitution itself confer the authority. My
purposc, now, however, is merely to main
taiu that slavery bore ii favorable to the
interests of agriculture in point of economy
and profit, and not unwholesome to the mor
al and social condition of each race. In
support of the Cist part o. the proposition,
a uecsue argument is furnished by the fact :
that the amount and value of tlie produe-
lions ot slave lalior in tin country cxcecil
tiiose oi similar nrouueiiun, nay, or uu
other agricultural productions, of an equal
number of men iu any other country, as far
as they cm bo ascertained. Iu sonic local
ities, indeed and in respect to some articles
of great value, the production would cease,
or nearly cease, with slavery; since the
blacks, by the constitutions inherited from
their African ancestors, can labor, with
out detriment, under degrees of heat uiois
ture and exposure, which are found to be
..a. iy ..!,: es. uo-e- r, s a e ... - 0,., j a r , severity. JJllt tll0e lire CXCCp-
;tcr adapted to different conditions ot the tioriH. ,.,! rare exceptions. ( i lent severity
ffe ,u", vcry YrcvaiU be : e-.V of Ii, j a.a'nt i me" imeV
allowed credit for common sense and the ts, of c UUU.T jlolll.r.101 ; lbe r.
( capacity to understand their own wauts mid m,crit o!- dependents is founded in nature ;
interest, the utility of the employment of.8,j unjust, excessive, and barbarous cruel
.slave labor and it productiveness are es-; t). uot , ,e ..plumed; but quite the cou
; tablished beyond controversy simply by the , trary 'j-,e Imvk ian wl0 t(1 tl)l p,ra,,iitl.s
; fact that it is done. Men who arc thoroughly through the wilderness, and legislated for
: versed iu the practical operation of .uy in- , ,)., i,y inspiration, understood ' this better
.stitutiou, certainly will not, to then- owu -.-,11 tl.o-..' l,o .:tint us so frijrlitfull v, with.
I prejudice, uphold it from generation to gen- ; out knowing mucj, about, us. In treating
J oration, and cling the closer to it as by its of ,K. ditl'oretit degree of homicide, he had
natural extension it beeomes more and more regard to the known motives of the human
destructive. If it be said thai the contin- :ei t, aud ti.ereon founded the presumption,
1 u'Anca cf 'wry -x-i not prove it uti.tty t)ut ,tlu n, 0f slave by the master, in
.to the Commonwealth, becau-e it was con- ),v .adventure, because he is bis 111011
tinued of necessity aud would have been, 1 t.Vi" ,., it should be rebuked by such
however impolitic it might be found, we ,,iu-t ! e'n. ,ie degree or duration of the in
own some force iu the suggestion, by It-eif, fliotiu aJ to make him -'die under his
since at all times after its introduction it laml," mid thus evince that discipline was
j would have been difficult to get rid of it. and ., pr,.tcm.P, ninl the killing of designed ma
that difliculty has been continually incroas- or w:ltltou brutality. I appeal to
ing. lt was much easier for those who now everv'one. if our experience is not iu necor-
condemn sostretiuously our toleration of sla- j lt c'(. (vit, tlle ,!;,-im. statute. Tho same
. very, to capture mid enslave the helpless Af- ; ,olivt. induce-, tho master Vo be ol.servant
ricans and bring them here, than, for us, with- I 0f ,. li0:ilt li and morals o: his slave; to
' out crime yet. more heinous, to renounce our ! c.,rt lor tu.m .,,) provi J for them ; to re-
.1 1 .... ! . .1 1 ...... . . . . .
uoiiiiuiou ovci ineiii aim luiu mem loose- 10
their own li-crition ami selt destruction.
Their fate would soon bo that of our native
savage or the enfranchised blacks of the
West indies, the miserable victim of idle
ness, want, drunkenness, and other del uu cil
eries, liut the argument goes only to show
that wo would have d 'tie right, even though
ciiforci d thereto by tlie ntces-ity spoken of
ill still holding those people ill bondage.
It i far from show ing that slavery would
not have been and ought, not to have b on
maintained, though there had 1 ecu no such
hypothetical necessity f t doing -. Fur
thermore, there nro numerous tao's to prov
a clear opinion t the contrary in every
class of our population. When did any
i man, for example, leave North Carolina in
order to get clear of Lis, slaves t r ot slave -iryT
We have indeed, a respectable ate!
. peaceful religious society less numerous
.than feruierly who aie forbidden by 1111
laverv. Kvell they never warred or con-
tended against this institution here, Her
sought to seduce or spirit aw ay their neigh-
bor's slave ; but like tl;
piiet and chri-
tiau men tiny professed f) be, they hit us
and immigrated chiefly to the States of the
North-wc-t, in which slavery did not cxi-t.
With that slight exception, the public sen
timent is so generally satisfied with the ex
istence of slavery an 1 its propriety hero,
that it may properly be called universal.
Sun.' men have emancipated some or nil
of their slave l y sending them to ntlu r
Slate, llut I know not of mi intaiice i:i
which the firmer owner went with tin 111, or
left North Carolina localise othir owners;
would not follow their example. On the
contrary, when our slaveholders remove,
thcvcairy tluir slaves with them further
south, where sbiviry is, if pos-ib'c, more
firuilv fixed than hero, because tl.oy expect
the labor of tl.e slaves t. be more produc
tive, lies', les, there are many inhabitants
of this Stale who do n"t h 1 1 slaves, some
from choice find some from inal i.ity to pur
chase thvtn, and nevertheless, tle y are cn
tent tc abide among u. and our slave-. And
it is also true, tha even when tho-e men
iuiigrate, much the larger part of th-on like
wise go to the south of u in the thick of
slavery, because they hope t s make a great
er profit from their own exertion. These
facts, which cannot be denied, will bear re
flection, and furnish evidence sufficient to !
satisfy any fair miud that there is an uuani-1
mous conviction of our people that slavery,
as it exists here, is neither unprofitable, Dor
as, as well as atrocious tyrants! liut that
', not true not at a'.l true ; and there never
. a greater nilsiaKu than to suppose it
ir. i. p..,,,,,,, i., ... -i
- s v vojw vvtic Sllllie IU US,
M,io know the contrary so well, when we
are told that white n.ei, do not work here,
J ,lilt j0 llut .(.nu.,u it is C01iHt.r.
ed di-graei tub Why, there is not a com,,
try on ca. th in which Iciiest labor and dili-
nce in bu-iness in all classes ami condi-
,io,,s, is considered more respectable, or is
tutc respected. We, like every other poo-
ph-, have the idle and tl.e vicious amonest
u. l;,lt ,.y ill0 chiefly tl,oe who b-Tve
il,,. K-a-t connexion with slave. a.l
I ...'.. .1 . i . I - , '
uluny tlio.-e cinpiovcil In ai-i ir ullu,,. -.,.1
are to be found, without menu, lounging u.
bout cities and villages. Many most index
pendent farmer, who own slaves, but not
enough to make their seperiutetidciice full
employment, ml;, they and their sons,
with their slave; and it is sure, that no one
here ever treated tl.. in or thought of them
as Ji-
ice 1 by it. Indeed every one, who
leeuee. ilil eirit V . :ilel iiiuiisirc rtr.t.
bv iut
; vide for him-cll' and bis household Viih.'.r
j ill the field or at the forge, or any other
mechanical pursuit, is as highly respected
here, a iu every other well ordered com
inunity ; and many of them are of great and
useful influence iu .oeiely.
It is a mist .ike. too, equally noi,,l t, t,t
slaveholders are above or exempt from the
cares and the business of life ; and it is a
i.r.w fotl:iitiiie In T.-liriwi. Hi tlit.m n. tin.
M,, 'r(.1(.,)t!(.a!t tvrallti4 of whom
-rtllie , (IpH u , 0Vfr ,.,, ,
.lniJ rx.li;i,(,r,toU carica,Urr-H. Although
,1U j.,il0r 0c a
large slaveholder is not man
ual, yet il is not the le-s engrossing and
onerous ; mid the feelings between masters
and their slave in the great bulk of our
population is kindly on the part of the for
mer, and affectionately faithful on the part
of t'jc latter Slavery , indeed, is Hot a pun;
and unmixed good 'or is any thing that
is human. There are instances of cruel
and devilish masters, mid of turbulent and
f i. fru et . ii- r hlsi-pti Ins ivinriol o o 1 1 1 m ! 1 oil
ir.,hl .,ul,jeetiou but by extra-
str;1,, tli.-in from tiaiutul excesses, anil em-
ploy tin-ill in moderate, though steady la
bor. That this is the course the establish
ed habit of the slavebohiing portion of the
country, i plainly to be deduced from at,
increase in the numbers of our slave popu
lation beyond the ratio of natural increase
in the population of any other nation ; w hich
could only arise from the abundant supply
of the necessaries and comforts of life, aud
a coi.ti fifed stare of mind.
Hut the interest of the owner is Hot tho
01.lv security to the slave for humane treat
met t ; tiiere i a strongi r tie between them.
Often l orn on ihe s:itn. plantation, mid
bred together, they have a porf et knowl
edge of each ether, an I a mutual attach
ment. Protection mil provision nre the
offices of the master, nnu iu return the slave
yield devoted obedience h nd li ielity of .ser
vice ; so tlmt they seldom j i 1 1 I ut tiom ne-
eessi v. The comfort . do ei I.isik'ss, aud hap
po.e.sS "i ffia.e soo'iut ee. alio geiiera.-
. jy i the study of tie master; mid every
Christian master rejoices over the soul of
hi slave saw d, a of a brother, and allows
of hi nttctidai.ee on the iniui-try ot liod s
woni, ami saci "anient, in any cPurcli ot 1111
choice iu his vicinity. The condition of a
.-lave denies to him indeed, opportunities of
education sufficient for searching the Scrip
ture for hiin-elf, aud woiking tlicieout his
own conversion ; but liod forbid that should
be ueccssary to salvation! It is not; for
ti the poor and the unlettered I he Curistiau
grace arc promised and given in an espe
cial manner, btcaue thev have less i.rule
of ititclbet,
more singleti
re simplicity of faith, and
of beait; and among the
slave ot this country there arc many exem
plary Christian. Indeed, slavery in Am
erica has not only d i;e more for the civ ili
zation and ei j.-) uu nts of the African race
than all other causes, but it has brought
more of them into the Christian fold than
all the missions to that benighted continent
fr "ii the Advent to this day have, or, prol.
ably, those lor centuries to come v. kuld, ex
cepting only the recent Colouu. of blacks
on the western coast of Africa, by which
one may hope and believe that under di
vine direction the light of civilization and
the knowledge of the true Cod may be re
flected back on that wl, .'e land. Such are
some of the beneficial elect on that race
of tin ir connexion vv it h us. I'pou the s'ave-
holder the impressions are not les distinct
ly durable, ut Ie i cm tict.i' He is I