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THE GOLDSBORO MESSENGER; MARCH 4; 18S6.--DOUBLE SHEET. SOUTHERN STATES FOIt KSTBY CONGRESS, Held at De Funlak Springs, Florida, December 16, 17 and 18, 1885. 1 Address of Hon. Robert W. Best, Representative of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, .' Washington, D. C. i ' Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen I appear before you at this hour under circumstances somewhat embarrass ing. J am but a clerk in4he Forestry V- Division of the United States Depart y ment of Agriculture; and yet 1 am 1 selected to supply the place in the pro--- gramme of the Hon. .Norman J. Col man, Commissioner of Agriculture. I am very sorry that he is not here. I know it was the great desire of his heart to be with you, to give encour J agement by his presence and speech to your noble efforts to preserve and save the forests ; and not until the last moment did he abandon the hope of coming and mingling with you. But the severe . illness of his companion - prevented it. He requested me to ex press to you his deepest regrets at his inability to attend your meeting ; and to say that his S3rmpathies were with you ; and that he was ready and will ing at all times to aid and encourage enterprises tending to develop our great agricultural resources. Commissioner Colman is a man rather small in statue, but possessed of large information, a brilliant intel 1 Ml Ject, ana ot large ana progressive ideas. He is a working man, full of iV vim and energy, an,d is endeavoring to make the Department or Agncul ture, what it should be, a great help to our whole country. He is the right man in tho right place : and I ask for him your co operation and support in developing the agricultural resources or this, the greatest country on this globe. Fellow citizens, in the few remarks I shall submit to you on this occasion, V" I may repeat some things that have been said, and some statements th&t have been made by those who have preceded me. But that Book of books, the Holy Bible, while it says, "Thou shalt not he nor steal," also says, "In - the mouth of two or three witnesses i every word shall bo established' - So then, if I should repeat anything that you may have heard before, remem ber, I am talking on the subject of Forestrj7, and there are facts connected . 1 .1 . i. 1 1 Ml 1 witn mat suojecc wnicu win Dear re peating:, not only once, but twice, yea, a hundred times. Would that this were emblazoned on every tree in our land : " Woodman, spare me !" EXPLANATION o FORESTRY CHART. This chart, designed and executed by your humble, speaker, presents a bird's-eye view pi the forest area in each State and Territory in the United States. The diagram is drawn upon a scale of 1,000,000 acres to the square inch. That colored in grjfeen represents the percentage of forest to the total area ; that iu yellow, tho farms or improved land;". and that in brown, the uniui- pxuvuu auu wasie.ianu. lexas oeing the largest State in superficial area' forms the base of the diagram, while Rhode Island, being the smallest, forms the apex. Mr. Best then proceeded with his theme,' which was the -. .' DISTRIBUTION AND LOCATION OF THE FORESTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Fellow Citizens It is not the learned and . rhetorical discourses which for the tnoment please the ear and are soon forgotten that do the most good, but that which we remember. "And as object-teaching is best calculated to make lasting impressions on our memory, I propose to illustrate the distribution of the forests with this large map of the United States. As the speaker proceeded with his sub ject, he would point out upon the map, which was suspended in full view of the large audience, tho locations, of the forest and where there was none. comparatively. The United contains C2.2 per cent of the area of forest. The group of nineteen Eastern and Northern States contains 16-9 per cent of the total superficial area, and 28.4 per cent of the forest. " The group of the eleven Southern States contains 17.6 per cent of the total superficial area, and 33.8 per cent of the whole forest area of the United States. The western group contains 889.680, 000 acres superficial area, or 272.6 per cent, more than the southern group, and, only 19,700,000 acres, or 4 per cent, more of forest area. THE FORESTS RAPIDLY DISAPPEARING. We have no data to enable us to form an estimate of the extent of the forest area in the United States one hundred years ago. That the greater portion of the vast domain was more or less covered with trees, admits of very little doubt. But the coat of-arms of the State of Indiana, a woodman chopping down a tree, seems to have been a true repre sentation of the spirit that has actuat ed the people of America in their treatment of the forests. The advance of the Anglo-Saxon across this continent has been, so far as the trees are concerned, very much like that of Attila, who boasted that no grass ever grew where his chargers' feet, had trodden. Was ever any form of destruction more ruthless, more in jurious, more lasting in its effects, or more difficult to repiace, than that which the people of the United States, tor the past nity years, have effected by the wanton destruction of forests ? Among all the politicians and states men who have served their country, how few has been the number who have thought it worth while to make the attempt to enact such laws as would preserve our forests for the benefit of the present and of future generations ? How much might very easily have been done by them toward this end ? While the Genius of Pre servation was absent, that of Destruc tion had full sway. The forest art a in the United States which is annually denuded of its growth for lumber, fuel, railroad ties, fencing, and by forest fires, etc., is estimated at 27,278.053 acres, an area larger than the State of Tennessee. It is as large as Indiana and New Jersey, and larger than New Hampshire, Ver mont. Massachusetts. Khode Island. Connecticut, Delaware, and New Jersev combined. It will not be out of place to men tion the following itptn? wViir'Vi crn in make up this estimate : lumber. r The estimate made by the Forestry division ot the Department of Agri culture of the amount of the single item of lumber cut by the mills in the United States for the year 1884 is 28,- UU0,J00 feet, board measure. These figures, to some, may appear incom prehensible and meaningless. If the above quantity of lumber were in boards one inch in thickness, it would make a plank walk around this globe 220 feet in width. It would make a wall around the United States fifty feet in height and fifteen feet in thick ness. It would make a bridge to the moon twenty-two feet broad. The number of acres of woodland required ro prouuce this amount ot lumber, al lowing 5,000 feet as the average yield per acre, would be 5,C00,000, an area as large as the State of Massachu setts. The State of Michigan is a notable example of the rapidly disappearing forests. Fifty years ago the first saw mill was planted in that State. At that time it was estimated that there were 150,000,000,000 feet of white pine standing in the forest. Now there are not more than 25,000,000,000 feet. It has disappeared at the rate of over 2.000,000,000 feet a year, and the amount cut in 18S4 was 5,200,000,000 feet, or abouJ: one-fifth of the whole amount cut that year in the United States. USE OF WOOI FOR FUEL. This includes fuel for domestic pur poses, for railroad and steamboat en gines, for engines for manufacturing IECL ZEE TRAU For example and comparison in the cost of the two methods, fencing- the farms or fencing in the stock only, take the county of Mecklenburg, in North Carolina. This county has had the Stock Law in force for many years. According to the reports of the last census, it had 146,243 acres of land in farms. The cost of building and repairing the fences in 1879 was $6,215, an average of 4.3 cents per acre. - If, therefore, the cost of building and repairing the fences on the farms where the Stock Law is in force be 4.3 cent per acre, then the cost on the 239.147,208 acres would only be $10, 283,329, an annual saving of 23 cents on each acre, $15.59 to each farm, or an aggregate of $55,043,778. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF LUMBER. The amount of imports and exports or lumper into and out of the United States is greatly underestimated. In 1884 the value of tho imports amount ed to $13,741,(182. The duty paid on this amount was $1,609,810. In 1885 the value of the imports was $12,629,- 002. The duty paid on the same was $1,369,848. This shows a decrease in values of $1,112,620. and a decrease in t'tfraud h:"81 arrangements to Reduce Prices, as follows : lhe exports of lumber for 1884 amounted to $39,283,985. and in 1885 to $3U,Z03.yy4, a decrease of $9,019, 994 in values. The foregoing is a brief statement of the facts which go to show how rapid ly the forests of the United States are disappearing. These facts, it appears to me, are enough to stimulate the members of this Congress to resolute ly take such prompt and decisive ac tion as will result in shielding: our na tive forests from the senseless destruc tion that has been going on during the past twenty-hve years which, if not checued, will result in such modifica tions of. our climate as will seriouslv i - i , (K(IPILlDB(IDmIP9 No (Do & CO Morrison's New Tariff Bill CONSEQUENCE- A , fJote Bottom Puts LUMBER on the Free TUMBLE " IN PMCES ! List! B Seacliecl To meet this Iniquitous attack on a-great Southern Industry we have perfected lu jxeauce trices, as iollows : DRESSED CEILING, S7.00 PER THOUSAND AND UP. AS TO QUALITY. DRESSED FLOORING, $7.50 PER THOUSAND AND UP, AS TO QUALITY. DRESSED WEATHERBOARDS $7.00 PER THOUSAND AND UP, AS TO QUALITY FRAMING LUMBER $6.50 PER THOUSAND AND UP, AS TO QUALITY. PICKET FENCING COMPLETE, READY TO PUT UP, $1.25 PER PANEL, 8 FEET 9 our Our prices for dressing: Lumber---Flooring Kind, lo cents per lOOieet. For lar mm-ntitiAa. anoniai farm c? rriTrzn Ari ri J , . n wvw7 swwxi twiiuo 5avc" v'ax application ffiS&hS Doors' B,inds Brackets' Stair Work, Newels, Balusters Scroll Work, i me, vneiiy, mju, vvainiu, or ropiar. world. DR. States. fSXT'lnsivn nf Alaska. District of Columbia. nn1 Tn. purposes, for mininer operations, smelt dian Territory, comprises thirtv-eifrht in rurnaces, cnarcpal, etc. The esti otaius luu uijm .territories a total or forty six. The sune. ficial area of these ,... 1 : a i ii i.wn-MA i, cAeiusive oi ine laKes. 2,900,107 square miles, or 1,856,070,400 acres. The total forest area of the forty-six is 489,080,000 an.res, or 2G.4 per cent of the superficial area; The erroup of States and Territories lying West of the Western boundary . of Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkan ? sas and Louisiana, or, for convenience, ; I will take the ninety-fifth Meridian, 1. as that is so nearly equal to the pro ' posed dividing line, viz., Arizona, Cal ifornia, Colorado, Dakota, Idaho, Kan sas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah. Wash ington and Wyoming, have an area of 1,900,107 square miles, or 1,216,008,480 acres, which is C5.5 per cent, of the whole area of the United States, the exceptions above noted excluded. The area of forestju the Western group, exclusive ot Indian Territory, is only uaicu aiuuuui ui woo i cnnsnmpfi in tuel in one year is 159,079.703 cords An average of about three cords to each person. The number of acres of torest cleared m procuring fuel is es timated at 9,500,000. JJSE OF TIMBER FOR RAILROAD TIES On the 1st of January, 1885, there were j.oo,yo miles ot raiJroad in the United States. For construction i required 2,640 ties to the mile, making iu me aggregate -iij.i-iy," ties. Al lowing 100 ties as the ayerage produc ot an acre of woodland, it required itio,w acres to supply that number, or an area equal to that of Connecti cut and Delaware combined. mi j.ne average duration of a tie is seven years. To keep these roads in repair 41d,149,440 ties will be required every seven years, or one-seventh of tnat number every year, which will be 59,021.350. Add to this number the ioVUU,U0U required lor the 5,000 miles 184,S00,000 acres, or 15.2 per cent, of of new lines constructed annually, and the superficial area. If California, Montana, Oregon, Tex as andlWa'shington, which contain the largest percentage of woodland, are 1 left out bf the calculation, the super ficial area of the remaining States and Territories of the group would be 751, 776,000 acres, being 40.5 per cent, of the whole area of the United States ; Only 59,800,000 acres, or 8.1 per cent, of which is in forest. The group of thirty States lying East of the ninety-iifth meridian have e 1 AAA AAA l au aiwv uj. suuare mnes. or xi uiaaca i -,u-i,o,ji;. j.ne torest area necessary to produce this number of ties is (16,Z16 acres. DESTRUCTION BY FOREST FIRES. lhe amount of forest destroyed by tires in one year, as reported by the isi census, was 1U,274,U89 acres. rrom information gathered by the Forestry Division, it is feared that the area win not be less in 1885. it may be of interest to know how tnese nres originated: 1,152 were caused by clearing land. 628 bv lmn. Luiia, l I i r ao u. i ' . . J 640,000,000 acres, being 34.5 per cent. 7X ? ? iocomotives,zb by malice, or tne wnoie area: yU4.J80.000 acre. j muiuB uver mesuriace to lm- nr 47 .fi nnr nnt r.f ttV.1, ic P prove tile pasturage. 72 bv(!amn.f!r00 The Eastern and Northern States V ,-y smkers, 32 by lightning, 56 by tormmg a part of this group, viz., v y prospectors, y by coal Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont ,pits' 3 by wodbutters, and 3 by care- TIMBER USED IN BUILDING AND PAIRING FENCES. inecostot building and repairing ibices ia me united States in 1879. uilik lu iu last census, amount ed to $77,762,473. East of the ninety-fifth meridian, mere were y,i4,U3 acres of land emoraced in 3,531,617 farms. The cost or building and rfinairimr fnoo RE- Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connec ticut, New York, New Jersey, Penn sylvania, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Mich igan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa and Missouri, have an area of 313,547,000 acres; 139 180,000 acres, or 44.4 per cent, of which is in forest. The Southern States forming a part of the group East of the ninety-fifth meridian, viz., Virginia. Kentuckv. Tennessee, North Carolina, South Car- on these farms was $65,327 107 or 84 olina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mis- per cent of the whole cost for the Bissippi, Arkansas and Louisiana, have United States. The average cost fnr an area of 326,421,600 acres; 165,100,- each acre was 27.3 cents, and each OJ0 acres, or 50.6 per cent, of which is farm, $18.50. m forest, v Now, if this section east of the The section or group of States West ninety-fifth meridian were under tho of the ninety-fifth meridian contains operation of the "Stock Law," the an 65.5 per cent, of the whole superficial nual saving would be immense, while area, yet it contains but 37.8 per cent, the advantage to the youn- growth in of the forest area of the country; and the forest would be incalculable. For nuuoiuo ecuiiuu it oi me ninety- nexi to rorest nres, nogs, cattle, and fifth meridian contains but 34.5 cent of BENBOW'S EXPERIENCE WITH ENSILAGE. For the Progressive Farmer. I have been using ensilage for four years with great satisfaction and economy, and have each year in creased my capacity and each year failed to have a supply. .Last season 1 put up 550 tons; when Spring comes I will be out. So that you see it does not keep well for me. Uur tarmers are hard to induce to adopt other plans than those of their roreiatncrs aiier reading1 ror years n 1 . ' or ensilage thev tear it will snoi . knowing that no vegitable will sooner spoil than cabbage and cabbage cut up, packed into a airtight barrel a ,d tne krout will keep so long as the pres sure is Kept on and air excluded. Still, because their mothers did not keep green corn for their cow's Win ter supply they fear to try the experi ment. Three Suggestions: 1st. There is not a cow-feeder in the State that does not admit green corn to be the best milk producing food he can give. 2nd. There is not one that does not know that corn fodder green is worth very much more than after it has been d ied. 3rd. It is further admitted that more pounds of corn-fodder can be produced per acre upon our North Carolina soil than any other crop. Now, if I am correct in these three propositions ana mat it can be pre 1 lA. . 1 .. sei vbu m us green state witnout any risk ot failure and at a cost any farm er who feeds his stock can well afford T U n : i -i l a&, iu an seriousness, wny uo our tarmers fail to adopt the system. save labor turnisli better relish pro vender, economise barn space, make more butter, increase the home-made manure pile, raise larger crops, feed more cattle and make home a place wuere tne last ooy will not long to ar rive at the age of 21, when he can leave his fathers old dilapidated home stead for the prosperous West, where he has to do a year's work in six months and go in doors and try to Keep warm the balance of the year v uereas, in mis orate, mere is never a winter long enough to prevent his doing part of his indoor work at a time when he could just as well be out or doors. It is easy to raise fifteen tons of corn ensilage to the acre at abst of six dollars, then for about as much more it can be cut and put into the silo, and with sixty pounds of this en silage mixed with as much meal as is usually given on dry cut hay per day, will make more milk for less money with half the trouble in feeding, and be better relished by the cow, being more conducive ot health. Figure on this last and test the statements. One acre will produce all the forage, one cow can possibly eat in a whole year. It can be stored in a space of 365 cu bic feet (less space than her own stall occupies.) Then where is any expensive struc ture? As vou sue-cest T will nin tell you the cost of silo and cive nlan of building it cheaply. Kespectfully, D. W. C. Benbo-vv. Greensboro, N. C. Mantels, Fancy Store Fittings, Counters. Shelving ; MOULDINGS at prices SO LOW as to Astonish the TRADE. Rough and Dressed Flooring, Ceiling. Weatherboarding, and other Lumber. Estimates made; Contracts taken for rrrrl Mnilinr fr 1 o i ..... .,5 x.xatcnai. opecwi discount to contractors and the, Wholesale Tradi '11 classes of Ma Id TO U M S (UJ J a If W b W H Ltk & ilftltll TREMENDOUS REDUCTION IN BLACK AND COLORED SILKS AND DRESS GOODS. Some Lines at One Half Their Former Price. Physicians Have Found Out That a contaminating and foreign , ele ment in the blood, developed by indiges tion is the cause of rheumatism. This set tles upon the sensitive sub-cutaneous cov ering of the muscles and ligaments of the joints, causing constant and shirting pain, and aggregating as a calcareous, chalky deposit which 'produces stiffness and dis tortion of the joints. No fact, which ex perience has demonstrated in reeard to Hostetter's Stomach Bitters, h as Ptrono-pr evidence to suDDort than this. Tin.mt.lx7 that this medicine of comorehenfiivfi nn checks the formidable and atrocious dis ease, nor is it Ipss Dositivelv establish that it is Drelerable to the used to an est it, since the medicine con tains only salutary ingredients It is also a signal remedy for malarial fevers, con stipation, dyspepsia, kidney and bladder ailments, debility and other disorders oee that you get the genuine. Qoddlepate used to Garlifirurl's hvacinthine he has discovered that thev are faa- ened on with hairpins he has chosen a new floral emblem and now calls them "lie-locks." A Lovely Complexion "What a lovely complexion." we often hear persons sav. "I wnnrfpi- xoha does for it?" In every ease the- purity and real loveliness of the complexion de pends upon the blood. Those whr fcaira sallow, blotchy faces may make their skin siiooth and healthv hv tjvtino- Dr. Pierce'a "Golden Medical DiRrr.vprv to drive out the humors lnrklnp-in thA system. ; - In LADIES' UNDER WEAR, TABLE LINEN, WRAPS, FLANNELS, JERSEYS. KID GLOVES Keduced from $1,00 to 50 Cents, and from $1 25 to iu veiiLs per i air. Our Prices are Lower than Ever I Marked jDown to Suit the Times ! Yv'e hive added Largely to our CROCKERY and GLASSWARE Department Many Hew and Useful Articles for Housekeepers, M. E. CSTEX 74 West Centre Street, Goldsboro, N. C. OA. 3 U t XDEIX-jEJIRS I2ST hmiw, Carpets, Oil Ms, I can and will Pay Mora for GOOD HIDES, (dry or Green), and FUR. than any firm in this City, because I am the Purchasing Agent for the Largest "Hide House lxx Boston AND ONLY GET M Y COMMISSION. S 2"This is worth thinking about. Call and see me, after you have seen all the High Price Buyers, and Find out What I am Doing. p o. B 489. r JOSEPH ISAACS. Goldsboro, N C, jan7-tf Wholesale and Retail Grocer Execution Sale. By virtue of executions in my hands for col ection, I shall, a- 12 o'clock m.," at the Court House door in Goldsboro, on Mon day, March 8th, 1886, sell at public auc tion, for cash, to the highest bidder, the personal and real property of the follow ing named persons, to satisfy executions: MIUINttY'f W. McDamel, M. A Smith, L. J. Moore, Harris Barfield, L. I. Grantham, A. H. Keaton, Garry W. Smith. J. W. Bunn. W. B. W. II. Joyner, D. B. Everett, W. R. Davis, Pink Winn, J. Willis Peel, Julia Joyner, Frank Exum, Jackson Applewhite, Whitfield. D. A. GRANTHAM, Sh'ff. Feb. 5, 1886.-8-tf Wee to Mill flwiers. Having accepted the general agency for uurnham Bros improvea otanaara Turbine Water Wheel I am now prepared to offer any one hav5 ing water r wer special inducements to ouy the JJurnham Wheel, wnicn is me Best audi Cheapest WaterWheel in the market. For prices, &c, address the undersigned, general agent for the counties ot" Wake, Harnett, Johnston, Sampson, Duplin, Onslow, Jones, Craven, Carteret. Pamlico, Beau fort, Edgecombe, Nash, Wilson, Greene, Pitt, Lenoir and Wayne. Very Respectfully, O. R. RAND, Jr. Goldsboro, N.C, Feb. ll,'86.-tf -AT- Hattan, Reed, Chamber Sets Ponlar.Wnlnnf w . . 4- , , xuv.ju, xxan ooa or jviarble Top. H OUR ST0CK F '-T- IS LARGER THAN EVER, CONSISTINO tw p.ot Raw Silk Hair Cloth and Brocaded Plush. Also Easy Chii Rockers. Marble Top Tables of every Stvlo an7s;, 0 ' rs ;it)d O o nn ? secretaries, Book Cases, Writing DmIcr wk, v -ixr , J Maple Extension Tables SarsldfbX 0 . ui nwry style or (Jhiu urs. For the next 30 Days I will Sell Oats, Bonnets, Caps, Feathers, S&awXs, Zephyr Sacgnes, Cliil drea's Iterino Tests, AT COST! CALL A N D S EE PRI CES Respectfully, Mrs. E. W Moore. Goldsboro, N. C, Feb. Hun Cn1. C l , . . and we offers is Larger than over, , Uay3 ftt rjme N y Cogt 11-tf NOTICE. Having obtained letters of administra tion from the proper Court upon the es tate of George C. Buchan, deceased, No tice is hereby given to all persons having claims against said deceased to present them to me by the 19th day ot January, 1887, duly authenticated according to law, or this notice will be pleaded in bar of their recovery; and all persons indebted to said deceas d are requested to make payment immediately. CHARLES J. KORNEGAY, Jan. 18, 1886. feb5-w6t ', Adminutrator. Caps FsariTattuVallty laky CONDENSED TIME TABLE NO. 13, MOSDAY, NOVKMBER 23, 1885- MAIL AND PASSEWOER TRAINS NORTH BOUND ISS iSSp.m; " Ore HiiL " " Liberty. " Arrive at Greensboro, " . 6-00 t& Dinner at Fayetteville. MAIL AND PASSENGER TRAINS SOUTH BOUND. Jjfavu vreensDoro. . U " Liberty, " Ore Hill, tsanrord, " , " Fayetteville. " ShoeHeeL " ...... Arrive Bennettsville, " ." "Dinner at Sanford. Freieht and Passenirfr Train t nettev.Ile Tuesdays Thursdays and Saturday; Leaves Kayetteville on Tuwidays, Thuredavn and Saturdays at 6:30 a. u, ShoS He. latlO mS arrtves at Bennettsville at 12 m. FayM 9:50 A. M 11:05 - " 12:00 M. 1:45 P. M. 6:15 " 7:30 ar rives at Oreensbom at s-in n m Leaves Greensboro daily at 5 a. m.. leaven Sanford at 11:15 a. and krriveiat !S!! vine at 2:40 p. m. JNO. M. ROSE, Oen'l Pass. AjtU and arrives at Fayette. W. M. 8. DUNN. Gen'1 8up't. -tf 1 l"mt OUR STOCK OF Olnaa Worn r nr FUCHTLER &KERW Dec. 14-tf BANKi Mattress latins! inform thePublS: l!S!S.SSr now prepared, and ply specia'fattention to Moss, Hair, or any other kind of Mattres. MflttMeDui . J . "mwcs Uiaue If nrrlA. tirfii Mattresses in contract to furnish quantity desired. also any Address fSend for Prices. j-r-v - - - w s iwta f mtofiiey.kt-Lkw Snow mil jy. c. llSE?11 ttenlIoa giyea to collection Tie SiirJes Honse, Smithfield, N. C, Under New Management LER HOTEL, and knowiD the wants of Stni1 trublic' I '"Sail Pw 10 pwns in making the accommSdatioM u ln every rarticular employe?81 C0ok8 and ined. servacta aTT;!egraph office in the hotel. onv3.ly W.B.8URLES, T Iy Proprietor. A FULL LIKE OP COHTMIIOKSr,. Fine Coffees, Teas, Spices, Extracts, &c, yu aiwayg be found at COGDELL & BARNES' apr27,85-ly octl5-tf Steam Bakery.
The Wilmington Messenger (Wilmington, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
March 4, 1886, edition 1
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