THE ALAMANCE GLEANER. VOL. 1. THE GLEANER. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY £ ABE EE It JOHNSON, Graham, N. C. ' RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, Postage Paidi bn« Year....; 00 feix Months 1 09 Glabs! Clubs!! tor i copies to one P. 0.1 year HO 00 "6 « " " " 6 months 660 "10 « « « « 1 year 16 0d " 10 « « « « 8 months 80d U 20 • «• '« "1 year S8 00 (1 20 « « « a e month* 15 00 No departure from tht cash tystemi ItATEM OF ADVERTISING I • Transient advertisements payable in advance; y tnif (dvertisements quarterly in advance. j 1 mo. 2 mo. 3 mo. 6 mo. 12 mo. 1 square $ 225 $3 60 $ 450 $7 30 $ 10 80 2 " 860 540 720 15 80 18 2» 3 " 640 720 900 16 20 22 90 .4 « 630 #OO 10 80 18 od 37 0d 6 " 720 13 50 16 20 22 50 31 40 P column 10 20 16 20 18 00 27 00 45 00 " 13 50 18 00 27 00 46 00 72 00 " 18 00 31 50 45 0.1 72 00 126 00 Transient advertisements $1 per square for the first, Mid 50 cents for each subsequent insertion. Advertisements not specified as to time, published until ordered out, and charged accordingly. All advertisements considered due from first inset* tion. / | One inch to constitute a square. A JL» V IYU'IJ SUM EJN TS. J A. Loisr G Attorney & Coimseiioi-ltt Law YXN JEYVILLE, JSt: C, GRAHAM & GRAIIAM, Associate Counsel, G. F, BASON, Attorney at Law GRAHAM, N. Ci. . gj_EORGE yf. LONG, M. D~ PHYIILIAH nndMIBCKOIV Graham, N". c., Tenders his professional services to the puh- Uc. Oilice and residence at the " Graham Hiifh Sciiool buildings where he may be found, iiight or day, ready to attend all calls, unless professionally engaged, feb 9-ly P. R. HARDEN, Graham , 2V. C.. DEALER IN Dry-Goods Groceries, HARD WAItR, D rvgs, Medicines, Paints, Oils, Dye-Stuff Clothing; Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes. Riibbrrx. Tobacc% Oignrn, Str«'«lN, Tea*, KEROSENE OIL, CROCKERY, Earthen wa re,Ol a ssw arc, Coffees, iSpiee Grain, Flour, Fanning Implements. feb 16-ly rjIHE GREENSBORO PATItIOT EMTABLIMIGD IS2II Published weekly in Greensboro, C. by Duffy & Albright, at 42.10 per y«*ar in advance —postage included. It is Democratic-Conservative itt {iblltics And labors zealously fcr the material prosperity of the Sonth generally and North Carolina particularly. tyNorth Carolinians abfoatl should not be ititliout it. Mifgp'i: R. FORBIS & BROTHER, (umlcr tbe 3enbow Hall,) • GREENSBORO, N C„ keep cousUntly on hand a complete assort ment of FURNITURE. Repairing of every description, including Upholstering neatly done. Their stock consists of CHAMBER SETS, anging in price f roin $25.00, to $500.00 ; Disisi-Bssna, Parlar R«, ■■J Chain, ■srrsua, War4r«keS »••'»«*• Desks, Marea.Criba.Cra aa4 Traaall n-*r4. far Ibe little falks. Hattrtssai aaa Mpriaa *4 every va» rfr.tr mm* Myle, Hat-racks and any and everything in' ihe furniture line. Their atock Is the largest and mort complete ever offered in thU portion of the State. They defy coiniHstitlon In quality t,r .P rice - aprafl.3m JJOUSTON & CAUSEY, WaOLELALB AND RHTAL Knoemmm* aiiEEXSBO&O, N. C., Have now in store, and are daily receiving, % large stock of GROCERIES, which they will sell to village and Country Merchant* on better terms than they can bay elsewhere—which will enable them to sell at a better per cent, than purchasing North. i We J? l^ e our attention exclusively to Grocer ie*. Orders solicited, which shall have prompt attention. aprffr-Sm gCOTT & DOW NELL. GRAHAM, N. C., Bay and sell COTTON, CORN, PI.OI'R. mrai LARD, AND ALL K. "D* .F COUNTRY PRODUCE, Ul>. 16-2 m PORTBV. [From the London Spectator.] TIIE9TII OF At'lill. The following beautiful podtti appears cd originally in the Lcnddii tfftectctor. It was copied fl'oill ft Vdiilmc of poem=j published io England, by Percy Grey, Esq. Up to a month or so ajo this poem had never been published in America; and it was first published in this country wc think in the Wilming ton JouvnaH. It is beautiful. It i« a nations death-cry! Yes; the agony is I past: T,ie stoufest racti that ever fought, to-day hath fought its lust. Ay; start and shudder: Well thou may si | —„ Well veil thy weeping eyes ! "England, may God forgive thy past; Man can. not but despise. Yes, shudder at that cry that"speaks the Smith's supremo despair , Thou that could'st save and saved'st not; that could'st and did'st not dare ! Thru that hadgt:night to aid the right and hea^ to brook the wrong ; Weak words of comfort for the weak ; strong ham's to help thg strong ! That land, the garden tff thy wealth, One hag. gard waste appears, The ashes'of her sutiny ll'fmes ire slaltect with patient teai'Si tears for the sl«iri Who died in vain for frced / ci.n oil tlie lidld. Tears, t.'ars or bitterer anguish still for those that lived to yield. the cannon of his country pealed Stuarts fun. erai knell ; Her soldiers cheers rang in his cars as Stone wall Jacksou fell, Ouward o'*r gal Imi t Ashby's grave Biiept War's triumphant tide, And Southern hopes were living yet, when I'olk and Morgan died. i But he, the leader on whose word those cap" tains loved to wait, The doblest, bravtist, bfcst -Of itll, hath found a harder fate ; Unscathed by shot and etce/, he passed through many a desperate field; Oh! God that he hath lived so long, anil only lived—to yield ! Along the war-Woril Wasted ranks that loved him to the last, With saddened face and weary pace the 'van qnished chieftain passed, Their own hard lot the men forget; they felt * what his uulst lie j What thoughts in that dark hour must wring the Jicart of General Lee. The manly cheeks wi/h tears was wet ( the stately head was bowed, As breaking from their shattered rank 8 around his steed thfy crowd. ' I did'my best for you,' 'twas all those quiver ing lips could say ; As, happy those whom death hath spared the anguish of that day, * « ♦ * * * * * Weep On, Virginia ! Weep the the lives given to thy cadse in rain ; The sons who HtC tq wear bnc9 morC the Ui)j ion's> galling Chain ; The homes whose light is |ujni'lie(f for aye ; the graves without a stone ; The folded flag, the broken sWOrd, the liWpe forever flo*n. Yet raise' tlly liead fair land! tfiy dead died * bravely for the right i The folded (lag is stainlesS still, the broken sword is bright. No blot on thy record found ; no treason soil* thy fame : Weep thou thy dead with covered head wc mourn our England's "fittinc ! the OLD NORTH mtatk. UCB RECORD »> TIIK LA'I'K WAR ■listorirul A(lHrr« b# «•*-€ l»rrfrt»r Vancr NnMbrr and Vdlfraf Ntlillcru—' PnlHMUtn of her Plejflc. [Correspondence of the Richmond Dispatch] "White SilpHlr Springs,- W. Va., f August 18,1875. ) PufsiiftUt to announcement previous ly giveu there was a larg« gatnering of irionds of tire Southern Historical So ciety iu the ball-room of the hotel here to-day. More than half of the visitors, incl.iding ladies and gentlemen from inost of the States of the Union, and not a fe\t Union and many ex-Confederate j oflicefs and soldiers, were present. | Rev. Dr J. William Jones, Secretary ! of tbe Sodcfv, called (he meeting to or-1 dCr, and on his motion Judge Manning, Of New Orleans; was unanimously elect- i ed president/ dodge Manning was es corted to the platform, and felicitously returned thanks lor tbe honor confered Upon him.- organization was comple ted by tbe election of General Gilmorey of Georgia,- and General Custis Lee, of Virginia, as Vice. Presidents, and Dr Jones as Secretary/ * Judge Manning, who is of Zinc per sonal appearance and a most pleasing speaker, then introduced in compli mentary terms tbe orator of the occa sion—ex-Governor Vance, of North Carolina. Goveraor Vance said: "In consent ing to accept the of the So* I ciety to deliver an address to th&n&Cl ing I have thought I could not do bet- 1 GRAHAM, N. C., TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1875. tdl 1 thftn td give you such information tis I boillil Outlier in rtfgnhl to North Crtl'oliim and the phi't slitJ bdld in tbe great strilgjfle between constitutional principles anil physical union, it in doing so I shall apixJttl* somewhat in the ehahtctti' of a champion df lily own Stale, I yet hope to be pai'doiied, bdtb because such a position is not unbe coming in a true son ot the soil, and bocatisc} it is khrlost tliti only theme with which I could deal witllodl the consumption of more time and search ing of records than my engagements would permit." Alter alluding to the fact that North Carolina reluctantly seceded, and. "that the great leaders of the war were fur nished by Virginia and other State.®) - - he proceeded to show "that iu the nuin bcr of soldiers furnished; in the discip line, courage, and loyalty, and difficult service of those soldiers: in amount ot material and supplies contributed; in the good faith and moral support of her people at, large; and in all the qualities which make self-sacrifice, patriotism? and devotion td duty, North Carolina is entitled to stand tVhcre her troops stood i;i battle—behind no State, but In the front ranks of tke cdnfiideration, aligned and abreast with thu best, the foremost, and the bravest;" andMie regTL'ttCd ex ceedingly that most of the I'icts and fig ures he had lo give were almost entirely from memory, though he was quite sure they would appioximate exiicii tude. NOitTll CAROL) NA's PART. It might be said that only eleven Btates; Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida; Alabama, 'Mississippi, Luisiana, Texas) Arkansas I and Tennessee, were committed to the late war on the Southern side. Mary land, Kentucky and Missouri "were ■ only partially engaged," tho great ma jority of their people remaining with tho Union. Ot these eleven, North Carolina was in territory the seventh in total population th 6 iiitlf, in white population the third, in wealth the sev enth, in value of all fann products the fourth, iu production of cotton tlicuiuti) in production of corn the fourth) and of Wheat, rye, and oats the third, and in the number oi horses and cattle the fourth, in manufactures third, in pro duction of iron and material of war about the fourth,- and iu root crops, fisheries, and naval stores the first; Her material condition, average wealth, credit) internal improvements,. were good and improving. "She was the last to move in the dra I ltlu ot secession, and went finally, more • from a sense ot duty to her sisters and the sympathies of neighborhood and blood) than from a deliberate conviction that it Was good policy to do so.'' Yet, "none stdod by that ddsperite venture With better faith or greatter efficiency)" and the Govtihior declared, "As far as 1 have been able to learn, North Caro lina furnished more soldiers in propo tion to White population, and more sdpplids and material iu proportion to her means, fof- the support of that war than any otbef State of the Confed efttdy,'' Tilt SOLMfcrtS fiik STATE "The report of the Adjutaut-Uener -»!"» office ol the Bh*te witt show -that Aorth Carolina sent into the serriee of the Coftftderntiy j An volunteers, at the outset .......... 64.036 These were recruited by volunteer* (rum lime to time 21,608 Making bl all: 104;829 regular troops from North Carolina In the Confederate service....... . 3,203 Militia on home duty 8.962 | Junior reserve*. 4,217 reserve*... >■ 5,660 Troop* from North Carolina serving In regiments of othfcr States not borne on our roll* .• 3,013 Total of ail grade* 121,038 Of this number 107, 932 were regular soldiers in the Confederate service, 8,03 were regular troops in the State service, and the remainder I what may be called "lanawet," doing garrison duly, guarding prisoners, arresting deserters, j etc. These were organized as follows: 1nfantry..........60 regiments, 3 battalHons Cavalry 6 regiments, 4 pattallion* Artillery 3 regiments, 4 battallionx Reserves.... 2 regiments, 9 battallious Total - And thirteen unattached companies and 11 companies borne on oSr rolls serving in regi ments from other States." WifAT STATE FUUNIBIIED MORE SOLDIEUS ? " I don't know but what my asser tion might he amended so as to claim that this is not relatively bat positively more troops than any gtate put into service. At all events, I shall be glad if it brings forth the records of any si*, tcr State, and wff! submit when fairly beaten* According to the report of AdjutanKJeneral Cooper the whole number of troops in the Confederate service was 600.000, of which North Carolina furnished largely more than one-sixth. One-tenth would have been ber share. Her total white population was iu 1860, 629,942; of this she sent to' the war more than one man to every six souls I How they demeaned them- selves the bloody records of kilted and wounded in all the great Uattlds of the war boaf incontrdVbrtuble testimony.' DISCIPLINE oi-' THE XtJKTIt CAROLINIANS. •'Almost the only commands in Lee's army which were intact and serviceable at Appomattox," Governor Vance elaitilttd, " were North ,Carolina brig ades, and the statement is inade, so lar as we know without contradiction} that shtj there suircndcfed twliiti as tfiany muskets as any other State. At Greens boro', too, Hoke's division of North Carolina troops .was in splendid condi tion and efficiency; and constituted one third or moid dt tJdhiifton's army." irhile speaking on this subjttit Govern or Vance declared that " the tVl'ltei ; s who pen biographies of the great and illustrious loaders Which Virginia gave to the Confederacy have been too anx. ious to eulogize thbir heroes which wrought their plans into sush glorious results." MATERIAL AND W A K-S L' IT I, I ES. The speakerhaviilg shown how nobly North Carolina performed her duty to the Confederacy in furnishing soldiers, called the attention of the meeting to the part she took in furnishing silpplies and material) thoilgh lie had to t-tigrct that lid was unable td t'urnidh accurate tigurcsj tlie reco'ds being oilt of his reach, lie,explained how Under tlie press tire of oircumstrtncOstlle manufac tures of North Carolina expanded; what they furnished the Confederacy and the pedffie of sister states; how the State purchased the steamship; Ldrd Clyde,(aftefrwards the "Advanco") and how she passed the blockade eleven times, each time bHngirfgin stores of medicine, maclihiet'y; leatljtsrj clothes, shoes, animations of war, tfcd., not only for North Cardliila; but for the Confed erate Government 5 ndt duly for their people. In addition to these supplies brought in from abroad, immense sup plies of bacon, beef flditr and cdi'u wdre furnished froni theif dwn fields. ''Oltl men and women in many cases guided the plough whilst children followed with the hoe in the gaping furrows." HOW THE DESTITUTE AT liOMH WfcHE I'ItO VIDED lUU; "In addition to providing for the sol diers in the field, there was still a more difficult task," the orator asserted; "in providing lor the destitute at home—a task which the Military men did not ap preciate properly. To meet the neces sity, granaries were established at sev eral points, and corn distributed in thb most iiccdy districts) committees were appointed in each county to look after the neodv, and commissioners selected whose sole duty it was to provide saU. The Stdte became tor the time a grand almoner, and it is my opinion that no part performed in that great struggle was more deserving of praise than the effort which NortliCarolina made to pro vide lor the ]H)or families ol those who were fighting for heron distant bat tle fields. ThCse efforts went to the very gist of our 6Ucc'ess." WHY THECOXI'EDERACr FAILED.' After paying an eloquent tribute to the old and young of North Carolina,- who furnished tho sinews ot war, and speaking oi "the effort made in public and private to averi the war and to sustain the spirits of tlie peo ple," he expressed the opinion that the cause of odr nltimatf failure began by I the neglect of those at home. Our civ al administrations lost the cause of the South. Had it been equal iu tact to that displayed by onr roilitary | administration—had the'civilian done I bis part as well as the soldier—very dif ferent would have been the result. "The morale of our people at the begin ing and for two years thereafter was ' excellent,' and if it had been sustained ! I mautain that wc could hare Won; j notwithstanding tbe fearful disparity of j numbers. Our cause was lost at home, I ndt in the field." "> A PIECE OF SKCRKT IILSTOUY. Alluding to the fact that much has bceu said about the presence of "an un ruly disloyal Union clcmeut in North Carolina during the war," and -'the prevalence ot the unjust impression that North Carolina could be Easily de tached from her dntv to her confeder ates." Governor Vance said that "it seemed there were some who presum ed upon it for important purposes/' "Soon after the failure of the ton Roadg conference I was visited by Governor Graham whose death we so recently deplore, who was then a sen ator of the Confederate States. -After giving all particulars of that conference which had not appeared in the papers and the prevailing impression* ofcon grcssional circles about Richmond, Ac., he informed me that a number of lead ing gentlemen there, despairing of ob- Milling* peace through Mr. Datis, ttnd believing the end luevitable and not dis tant, hud request 3d lliol to visit met. hi urge ineas Governor of North CaroJna take steps for making separate terms with Sir. Lincoln, and tlhts inagur ate the conclusion. GOvefnofc Graham remarked that lie had agreed td lav their rrquest before me without promis ing to add his personal advise thereto. "I who these gentlemen were, and with some rdlilctitricd, ho gnrd fttL' their names—chiefly senators and rep resentatives in the Confederate Statts Congress. I asked why tlieso gentle men did not begin nCgotiitionsot their dwn States with the oiiegfy, and if they \froitld eoirie out in the papers with trie rcqiiest to die. "He said they ivOuld Hot tako the 1 in itiative. They were surrounded at homcjand so trammeled by pledges &c. as to render it impossible!. 1 declined the proposition, of course, and asked him to say to those gentlemen with my com pliments) that in Hie mountains ofNorth dardliiia wlidrd 1 wa9 reai'ed when a man was whipped he had to do his own hollowing; that-the technical word "enough could not be cried by proxy. This secret piece of history frill serve to show that there wasa fuiiitess of lidart smiting together of the knees in other ttnd a parts ot the South outside of iiortli Cardliuai" TUB SOLTUKHN liltrfOltiCAL SOCIETY. The concluding portion of Governor Vance's address was devoted to com mendation of the Southern Historical soijivty ttnd the necessity of securing material for a trite history. It was de livered Ttitll great eloquence and with excellent eilfcet. It abouuded in anec dotes and illustrations aud personal ex amples ofthe heroism and patriotism dis played by the North Carolinians of the field of battle and at home; but I aui coinpeilcd by due regard for space to omit them from my report. HADN'T Tlflfe, A citizen of Vicksburg who wanted a few hours work done about his yjtrd the Othefr day accosted a colored lllan and inquired if lie ttottld like the job. " I'd like to do it, but I haven,t time, " Wfls his answer.' "Why, you doif.t seem to be doing rtln thing." '•I don,t eh! nofr l,ic gttine a fishing to-dfty. To-uiorow l,ze gwinu ovct do river. Neit day I,zo gwine a liduthr. Next day I'ze got to get my lnitcs fixed. Next day I'ae gwine to irtend de table, and de Law only knows how I'M gwine to get frew de week onlci* I hire sonle nfan to help me?"— VikabUrg Herald■. llawley Is coming fo Gciofgia Haw Icy, who clt-culatod Hfcyes'- lies aud slanders all over tbti North. Wo are really glad that Joe is makes us feel good; W! ate training now for a general baud-shaking with Joe, and we want hitn to come as soon as he can. It is now more than thrfcb week's at least siuce a live North crnman has been skinned and eaten in Georgia—(not counting the one who was barbacned on Hutchinsous's Island Wednesday before last)—and we arc getting hungry. We hope llawley wou't hesitate about coming; and if the editor of the Chicago 2V/• buiic can spare the time we want Idm to come, ioQ.—Savannah (Ga.) Daily (AT ewt. I wtts f-femhided of a story which Robert Toombs of Georgia, telis. It has been related once in tne Commercial, bbt will bear repeating, Doriug the financial crisis of 1867 a countryman came to Toombs with a tale of distress. We must lraTe more money,-' lie said or we arc ruined/ J ' How in the deril ire yoft going* to aret more money?' asked the profane Toombs. .Let the State Dank print it,' repHed the countryman. ♦Well, when that's gome what will you do:" asked Toombs. •Let the bank print more,' Replied the countryman^'who had ideas Of his own on finance 'Dot ho# la all this tnonty to be redeemed?' asked Toombs, thinking he had bis rural trelnd cornered at last. That's thojjohit/ answered the coun tryman 'you £ee I'm agin redemption.' —Chicinnti Commrcial. DaubUry has the champiott patient boy. He went to a neghbor's for a cap of sour milk.- "I haven't anytbng but sweet milk, "said the woman pettishly. I'll tfait till it tours," said the obliging youth sinking into a chair. NO. 31. All VNIATIIrACTOBV WORLD. This good little boy was silting on tli# frAit step* whittling tip bis sibters' em broidery-frames and muttering to him self: ' Z'his alnt bo goefd world to livd ill tin less a iellCr la bis lather's and irtothfe'r's only orphan boy. What makes uic git ad mad is to have my sister gd dm! take ail my ripe peachfes to give td that big loafer of a sweet heart of hers that comes round here 6even times a fteKk to git it sqiiare ttleal (titd make otlfc as it he wanted to talk politics with tlife old man. I wish they'd marry and go to STeittSf I do I" And then he threw the remndHts of the fr&mes into the street and shifted ligbter-lieartcd.— Atlanta Constitution. MASONHT IN ITALY.— At aha liquet which iollowed the consecration of a new lodge, the Alexandra, at Man chester England, recently, the Wor- Shpful Ma Her, in 16-pouJing t > his owri health, referred to the Pope's deu unciations of Masonry,- and said there it Here now nearly two hundred Italian lodges and about ten thousand Masons working under the Grand Orient liiclddiitgf Sorflfi Of the most distinguished me'if lit Italy. The Freemasonry of Italy was identical Ttith that of England,itrid Its recognition by the Grand Master, he said was a complete answer to thg heated vituperations of the Pope; The Dayton Journal, a bitterly, bos. tile organ of the Republican party, has no patience trith the scoundrel of the Toledo Blade ifrhO Invented a Slolj about Governor Allen's withdrawal from the Ohio canvass, and had it teie-' graphed otefr too countly through the Associated The Journal says. "Why don't tlie Cheerful idiot of the Toledo Blade quit talking about the withdrawal of Bill Allen? It is the most ridiculous Mcifsfeuse that could be' invented. Tbe C'inchmifttl Gazette's observation about a 'feeble-minded idi ot' in tho Toledo Blade strikes us as. about the correct thing. If the Blade can't do better tbau that,- lluggins bad better be drowned.- Mr. J. 11. Mills lias moved bis family from this city to Tboqiasvillee where he intends to take up his permanent ' reside ncj opening u male school at aif early day. The Btofchonsc kept by 8. W; I Ilolleman at the Orange Factory Or t ange county, with #as burned a week ago, was insured iu Pescud's agency for ♦OjOOO. Tbe loss w*s estimated at $7,000/ A private letter fldvci i legal gentle man who was at Waynesvillo when the Strange-Murray homicide took place States that the most tbait can be made of the case is manslaughter, The gen tlonian seemed thoroughly convtrsaut with the fact®. * , From tbe Scrtlltld of 3l Aiigust we' get tho above items. BOSTON, MASS./ Attg. 80.— ¥e's{erday at llopkintort SO miles from Bo«ton tt boy namtfd Morriss Ryan 16 years old started down stairs with a loaded gun intfe'rtdlftg to shoot a cat,- ithen bis sis ter Mary aged Id y6»rs, wb? dchirod ta> save the cats IMef; caught her brother by tbe shoulder to pull him back. At the same mom&ot two other younger sisters came to the bead of tbe stairs.- In tbe scuffle between Morris and Mary tbe gun went ofl killing Mary and one of tbe other sisters. Tbe third sister was wounded in the leg. A Bt tod j Batl la lk( Bark. WACO, TEXAS, Aug. 30.—A duel wad fought last night in tbe dark between C'has. Carrick and John M. Turner at a distance of fonr feet with six-shoot ers. 8 shots trere fired.—Turner was killed.- Thto qcntrrel ttrdstf from a triv ial matter; The VMmflU i*l ?*?. i ■* . * .. ... .■ « ■ August 30(h.~ Wni.- W estervelt was arraigned on an indie-' tmcnt for kidnaapping tad conspiring to kidnap,- coirccal and extort money ill eonne'etkm with tbtf Chafrlie Boss affair. The panel of th* jtfry is progressing. . A ftlldw went to serenade his lady love in Trenton the other night and after playing and singing under ber window lor some time, a colored ser vant port her head out of the window and said ? Say honey Miss Carrie is gone' to New York Now wont yon just play and sing Carry de news ter Mary lor me' He curried himself. If a womans child plays truarit ncftfr a-days. she frantically tears away to the polies, screaming that her darling has* been kidnapped;

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