North Carolina Newspapers

vol* XLI 1,000 LIVES LOST i. WHEN SHIP SINKS HUNOREDB, MOSTLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN, PERIBH IN A CHI CAGO RIVER. TRAGEDY SADDENS CHICAGO Whole City Shocked When Excursion Upsets at Pier—Most of I the Bodies Recovered. I . & Chicago. Bodies of more than one thousand persons have beer found, most of them women and children, who were drowned within a few feet of lard by the capsizing of the steel steamer Eastland, as It was about to leave its wharf in the Chicago river with 2,500 relatives and friends of the employees of the Western Elec tric company, for an excursion across Lake Michigan. The ship rolled over on its side In 25 feet of water and with in five minutes after it began to list. The total dead remained at approx imately 1,000 according to estimates by Coroner Hoffman, whose reports indicated that possibly 100 bodies were held in the mud of the river by the steamers superstructure. While only 1,002 of the 2,408 passengers of the Eastland have registered as saved, it was thought that about 475 survivors, including the crew of 72, had failed to report. Several persons were taken alive from the cabins of the ship after It had laid on its side in the river fpr four hours, the the others said to be in the hulk all are dead- Under the glare of -searchlights at night, scores of men worked in the hull of the vessel to remove the bodies. The steamer lily on bottom of the river, one side protruding like a monu ment to the hundreds it had drowned it turned over. The cause of the capislzing had not been determined but federal, city and state officers were conducting Investi gations to determine whether the ship was top heavy from faulty designing, was improperly ballasted or was poor ly handled in warping from the wharf. Marine architects asserted that the Eastland was faulty in design, that the top dock had been removed because of the tendency of the ship to list and also pointed to the possibility that the ship had been unevenly or In sufficiently ballasted. The Eastland used water ballast, so that It could pump out some on entering shallow lake harbors, so Borne investigators •are working on a theory that the bal last tanks were, not filled and the rush ing of passengers to one side of the deck caused it to roll over. Under misty skies, 7,000 men, wo men and children wended their way. to the Clark street dock early in the day to fill five large lake steamerers with holiday mirth in a trip to Michi gan City. The steamer Eastland brought to Chicago from Lake Erie, after an unsatisfactory was the first to be loaded. Rain began to fall as the wharf su perintendent lifted the gang planks from the vessel, declaring that the gov ernment limit of 2,500 passengers had been reached. White dresses peeped from raincoats along the shore rails as those aboard waved good-bye to friends on shore who were waiting to board the steamer Roosevelt and oth er vessels. Then the passengers swarmed to the left .side of the ship as the other steam ers drew up the river towards the wharf. A tug was hitched to the East land, ropes were ordered cast off and PROFESSIONAL CARDS DR. L. J. MOOREFIELD, PHYSICIAN OFFICE IN NFW PARIS BUILDING Office Hours 9 to 11 a. m., 2 to 3 p. m., 7 to 9 p. m. 'Pho e 471 or 99. Graham, N. 0. E. C. DERBY Civil Engineer. GRAHAM, N. C. JUstlossl But ot Ala stance B'l'a'g. BURLINGTON, N. C, ■•ley Balldlßg. JOHN J. HENDERSON Attorn ey-at-Law GRAHAM. N. C. Office aver Nafloaal Baak of Alaaaacc j", s. coos:, Atterney-nt- Law, GRAHAM, .... - N. C Offloe Patterson Building Ssoood Pleor. ..... DR. WILL S. LO,\G, JK. . . . DENTIST . . Graham . - - - NortA Caroline OFFICE ia RJMMONB BUILDING , AOOB A. LOM. J. KLMBB LOHO LONG * LONG, Attomeya and Counselors at 1 >« GRAHAM, H. C. JOHN H. VERNON Attorney and Coaaseler-at-law POURS—oaee Ul Residence *3l BURLINGTON, N. C. Dr. Jf. J. Barefoot OFFICE OVER HADLET'S STOKE Leave Mem gee at Alamance Phar macy 'Phone 97 Residence 'Phone 382 Office Honrs 2-4 p. m. and by Appointment. * THE ALAMANCE GLEANER. the steamer" engines - Began To num. The Eastland ha 4 Ml budged, how ever. • .. Instead, the heavily laden ship wav ered sldewlse, leaning first towards the bank. The lurch was so' startling that many passengers Join ed the large concourse already on the river siJe of the decks. The ship never heeled back. It turn ed slowly but steadily toward its left side. Children clutched the "skirts of mothers and sisters to keep from fall ing. The whole cargo was Impelled towards the falling side of the ship. Water began to enter lower portholes and the hawsers tore out the piles lo which tile vessel was tied. Screams from passengers attracted the attention of fellow excursionists on the dock awaiting the next steam er. Wharfmen and picnickers soon lined the edge of the embankment, reaching out helplessly towards the wavering steamer. For nearly five minutes the ship turned before it finally dived under the swift current of the river, which owing to the drainage canal flows from the lake. During the mighty turning of the ship with its nargo of humanity, lifeboats, chairs and other loose appurtenadces on the decks slipped down the sloping floors, crushing the passengers toward the rising water. Then there was a plunge with a sigh of air escaping from the hold, mingled with crying of children and shrieks of women and the ship was on the bottom of the rt*er, casting hundreds of living creatures to the water. .. Many sank, entangled with clothln and bundles and did not rise, but hun dreds came to the surfec, seized floating chairs and other objects. Those on shore threw out copes and 1 ragged in those who could hold these life lines. Employes of commlk.MS firms along the river threw crates, chicken coops and other floatable things Into the current, but most of these were swept away by the stream, which runs five mllfes an hour. Boats put out, tugs rushed to the scene with shrieking whistles and many men snatched off cats and shoes and sprang into the river to aid the drowning. With thousands of spectators ready to aid and the wharf within grasp, hundreds went to death despite every effort at rescue. One mother grasped her two chil dren In her arms as she slipped from the steamer Into the water. One child was torn from her but she and the other were saved. Fathers .were drowned after aiding their wives and children to safety. Instances of heroism were almost as numerous as the number of per sons on the scene. Boats as soon as full took rescued passengers to the wharf or to the steamer Theodore Roosevelt, which was tied up oppo site the Eastland. , In an hour the water was cleared of excurelonlata, ,Tho».e who jtxwL not been taken to land had sunk or were swirling down the river towards the drainage canal locks at Lockport, 111., many miles away. The locks wore raised to stop the current and ar rangements were made to take bodies from the river along Its course through the southwest part of Chi cago. Shortly after the water was clear ed, city firemen, ship engineer* and helpers were on the exposed side of the Eastland's hull, cutting through its steel plates with gas fianios. D't ers were hurried into underwater suits. A tug was moored as a bridge between the pier fend the capsired ship. As the dlvera gained entrance to the hull, the scene of dUtr»4 moved for the time being from the river to the extemporized morguot. Ware houses of wholesale oompanlts along the river were thrown open and bod ies were placed In rows on the floors. Scores of persons rescued from the water were injured and' the >3 were taken to the Iroquois Hospital, built In memory of the 600 women, chil dren and a few men who were burn ed and crushed to death In the Iro quois Theater New Year's Eve some years ago. Efforts to resuscitate those talcen from the river were generally unsuc cessful. Only two or three were thus xaved. It was also said that many ot the Injured would die. The whole city was In consterna tion over the catastrophe. Word of ih* accident spread rapidly and to the thousands already at or near the wharf, other thousands added them selves. The Clark street bridge near the wharf was crowded until it threatened to collapse. Streets had to be cleard by the police to allow the passage ot ambulances. Business men sent their automo biles and motor trucks to help aid the Injured and carry away the dead. One warehouse soon was filled with bodes and other dead were taken to the Second Regiment armory, a mile away. Mayor William Hale Thompson was In San Francisco and Chief of Police C. C. Healy alao was out ot town, but Acting Mayor Moorhouae sent out a request that the city dis play signs o( mourning. While those on land were dispos* Ing of the dead. Injured and rescued, the divers in the heart ot the sunken vessel sent up an almost constant stream of corpses from the rub merged decks. - First It was a girl in her teens who had been ciught be tween a pile of otialrs and a cabin wall. Next It was « slight boy, gath ered from the lifeless arms of a fond father, who had clnng to nls offspring even in death. The-i followed an old woman, who* bad gon* aboard the ship to watch the youthful pleasure of her grandchalldren, or a little girl with bare legs and bootsrs and with, gay ribbons sodden against the lace of ber holiday gown. One thrill paased through the crowd as word came from the steam ex that a girl baby had been found alive among the hundreds of dead in the ship. The child was discovered in a starV>*rd stateioom, where she Flags on public buildings were placed at half mast and many places were draped with mourning. Base ball games were postponed and fes tivities largely ceased, had been held from the wajer by a k Kiivtiiry . "nil us (i.-i i ihiiv «t !•■ "'ir ■•!> Iwr »i> v. provwl ,"™* onapsnois unclvmged In tone. Cburgex of breaking the neutrality laws resulted In our government taking over the German wireless station Of the Week* at Sayvllle, N. Y., patting it In charge of Captain Butlard, U. 8. N. German Southwest Africa surrendered to General Botha, cointnaiKllng the llrltiHli forces. Appeal* fot ammunition workers in Great Britain brought many women Into the field. Thomas A. Kdison consented to serve as head of the new naval test board, composed of civilian Inventors. Mexican affairs again favored Oarrnnia, as hit forces un der General Gonzales took poHsession of Mexico City. The tornado which swept over the middle west killed over thirty and damaged about 11,000.000 worth •of property In Cincinnati alone. Harry K. Thaw was declared wine by a jury. Judge Hendrlik later giving a like opinion. cßafr Chat JkriTmed against the berth. The baby only half awakened as !t was carried to land. Its mother could not ha found. , Two women were found alive in another staterom lr. a protruding sled of the Eastland but that ended the hopes that any number had es cai ed death in the trap. Thve were (tin 300 persons In the hold when these three persons wera taken out alive and the explorers of the hulk said that all were dead. Work of tagging the bodies of the dead and placing them in accessible places or Identification proceeded all day and night. „ Identification was slow and scenes at the morgues were as affecting as those at the river when the steamer capsized. Mothers fell across the biers pf children whom they had sent away a few hours before on what was intended to be a day of pleasure. Federal Judge Landls ordered a grand jury lmpannelled to Investigate the catastrophe; State's Attorney Hoyne prepared a county grand Jury Inquiry; Coroner Hoffman selected a Jury to look into the cause of deathi* the pc*lce arrested all the Or ucers of the Eastland, and the health commissioner prepared to clear trie river, for fear disease might be spread by the presence of so many bodies in the stream. Arrangements also were made to get at the sunken vessel to determine the underlying causes of the accident. Derricks on scows were taken to the side of Ihe Eastland and mfirlne engi neers engaged to Inspect the treacherous ship, .——v— Those In charge of the various works of clearing up the toll of cas ultles and determining the respon sibility for the capsizing of the boat said that the endeavor would neces sarily be slow because of the large number of persons aboard the East land the difficulty of getting at the hull of the steamer. Acting Mayor Moorehouse and bis advisers decided to raise a relief fund of 1200,000 to be distributed by a sub-committee acting under the direc tion of the National Red Cross, the Associated Charities, and the Munici pal Health Department. In addition to this the Western Electric Company, whose employes formed the majority of the excursion party announced that 1100,000 from Its employes' Insur ance funds was for relief. Numerous private relief iuiids were started. Meanwhile Mayor Thompson, who was at the Panama-Pacific Exposition to take part In the celebration of Illi nois Day, left immediately for Chlca (o on a special train to take his place in Investigation and relief work. Coronor Hoffman issued an appeal to the public for a fund for the burial of whatever dead ma/ remain uniden tified. City officials with one voice declared that all dead should have proper' burial. Various theories as to what caused the Eastland to turn over were dis cussed, but without prospect of a defi nite explanation. The most discussed theories are four: That the boat was overloaded; that she was not properly ballasted; that a tug that made fast to warp the Eastland from the docks started pulling too soon; that conges tion of passengers rushing to the port side attracted by some passing sens*' tlon tipped the steamer over. One of the divers, Louis Kruger, said that he thought several score bodies were still pinned under the boat, "which be said was resting In about four feet of stiff mud. These bodies cannot be moved until after the coroner's inquest, when effort* will be made to right the vessel. The steamer Theodore Roosevelt, of the Indiana Transportation Company, made its regular trip to Michigan City and the steamer City of Grand Rapids, of the Oraham * Morton Line, sailed as usual for St Joseph, Mich. Both boats had comparatively small passenger lists. With the assembling of stories of witness** and survivors. more and more incidents of horror pathos and heroism came to light. AH of th» Eastland's passengers save two or three hundred who clung to the star board rail or climbed out of starboard port hole* were throws Into the river, crushed into the slimy mud of the buttom or Imprisoned between-decks, when the tteamer turned over. The quiet halt clouds Btinday was a day of gloom for all Chicago. The city turned to prayer and though L Ministers said more people attended church than for many Sundays past. The preachers nearly Iftl referred to the Eastland dlaaster In their sermons and asked congregations to join in prsyers for the bereaved. There were crowds of morbidly curious along the river, but for the most psrt the populace either went to church or stayed at home In appalled thought. With the details of the catastrophe summed up the people shuddered that close to the throbbing hart of ~ GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JULY 29 1915 of the great cities 01 the world a thou sand people could go to their death with hundreds of persons powerless to aid standing within a stone's throw —that that great mass could drown in a narrow river 20 feet from the dock. Bcores at the Morgue. Chicago. Sorrow which spread over the city with the Eastland dis aster and beclouded a thousand homes with poignant grief, hung lowest over the silent forms of the victims In the drill hall of the Second Regiment Armory. There were little signs of violent emotion, though everywhere the tense ness of repression was apparent. Men and women, boys and girls and even little ones, bereft in many cases of all their loved ones, though they shook with sobs, made no outcry as they beheld their dead. Some few collojsed and were cared for by Red Cross nurses In the squad room. But of the thousands who through the night and day visited the armory not more than 100 needed aid. All through the night load after load of bodies were received at the morgue and through the morning at less frequent intervals the procession continued. Many of the bodies bore no signs of struggle. Calm and still their faces lay upturned and uncovered to -aid in identification. Here and there, how ever, was one with distorted limbs, wth bruised head or torso. Perhaps tne most pitiful were the bodies of babies. In the Red Cross room thetft were .m&ny scenes of _ sorrow. One aged woman kept repeating, "All gone, hus band, son, his wife and their two children." One man bowed with years scream ed and struggled with those about him when he saw the bodies of his wife and children. "The men are the hardest to control when they do give way," said the physician In charge of the relief room. mm MAKING MONEY FROM HENS Not Always Fault of Fowl That She Is Unprofitable—Owners Often Follow Wrong Scheme. Most people keep poultry because they expect to make money from them. Yet more than half of the hens In this country do not earn the amount of food they consume In one year. When hens are unprofitable the owner generally conclude* that the hens are to blame and he either does away en tirely with them or else imports an- Prize Winning Columbian Wyandotte Hen. other "kind" to go the way of the others. Moat of the titrable with poultry on the average (arm Is abort the ears of the owner. In other words, the owner is following the wrong scheme or plan In the care he gives thefb and the management they receive. All that la required to make money with poultry is to Juat give your bens • chance and they will produce. If you bare • flock of runty, sleepy, laxy old bens Investigation generally discloses that you were originally to blame for their condition. HcacHt4 by Chanberlaia'* Unlnrat. "Lnat winter I used Chamber lain's Liniment for rlimmatic nains and atltfneaa and soreness of the knees, and can conscientiously say thit I never used anvthfnz that did me so much (rood-"—lid ward Craft, Elba. N. Y. Obtainable every where. adv. BUBSCBIBB FOR THE GLEANER. fI.OO A YEAR FREEDOM OF SEAS * MUSI BE UPHELD LAST WORD FROM WASHINGTON TOUCHING ON SUBMARINE ATTACKS. NOTE CONTAINED NO THREAT Germany It Given Clrar Undaratand- Thla Country Will Demand. Washington.—The text of the Amer ican note on the submarine warfare, presented at Berlin by Ambaaaador Ge rard, has been made public. It re veals that the Imperial government had been Informed It la the Intention of the United States to regard as "de liberately unfriendly" any repetition by the commanders of German naval vessels of acta In contravention of American rights. The United States announces that It will continue to contend for the freedom of the seas "from whatever quarter violated, without compromise and at any coat," In official aijd diplomatic quarters the communication waa viewed as the strongest and moat emphatic pro nouncement that has come from the Washington government since the be ginning of Its correapondence with the belligerents of Europe. Prealdent Wil son returned to Corniah to await de velopments. On the assumption that Oermany has already admitted Illegality of her practices by attempting to Justify them as retaliatory moves against Oreat Britain the United States expressed belief that Oermany will no longer t "refrain from disavowing the wanton act of lta naval commander In sink ing the Lusltanla or from offering rep- j aratlon for the American lived* lost so fjr as reparation can be made for a needless destruction of human life by an Illegal act." f Referring to the German govern- ; ment's expression of hope In lta last note that the freedom of the seas may j be established In some measure the end of the present war, the United States declares that thla object can be accomplished and Invites tha prac- 1 (leal co-operation of the Imperial gov- | ernment. The American government' adds, moreover, that H "holds Itself ready at any time to art as the common ! friend who may be privileged to sag- i gest a way" to aaalst In establishing the freedom of the seas. At the outset, the Oerman note of, July 8 Is declared "very unsatlsfac tory because It falls to meet the reel, differences between the two govern-1 ments and Indicates no way In which the accepted principle* of law and 1 humanity may be applied In the grave matter In controversy, but pro poses, on the contrary, arrangement* for a partial suapenalon of those principles, which virtually set them aside." Following Is the official test of the latest American note to Oermany re garding submarine warfare, which waa delivered to the Foreign Office at Berlin by Ambassador Qerard. The Secretary of Bute to Ambassa dor Gerard. Department of State. Washington, July 11, lilt. TOD are Instructed to deliver text ually, the following note to the Min ister for Foreign Affairs: The note of the Imperial Oerman Government dated the eighth of Jnljr, lflfc ha* received the careful con sideration of the Government of the United States and it regrets to be obliged to say that it baa found It very unsatisfactory, because It fall* to meet the reel differences between the two Government* end indicates no way in which the accepted prlnclplee of law- and humanity may be applied In the grave matter .in controversy, but proposes on the contrary, ar rangements for a partial suspension of those principles which vlrtaallyMt them aaide. The Government of the United State* note* with satisfaction that the Imperial German Government recog nizes without reservation the validity of the principle Insisted on In the *er eral communication* which the Gov ernment baa jjddreseed to the Impe rial German Government with regard i to it* announcement of a war tone ' and the n*e of submarine* against I merchantmen oo the high see* —the ! principle that the sees are free, that the character and cargo of a mer chantman meat first be aacertained before she can lawfully be seised or destroyed, and that the lives of non combatants may in no case be pat in Jeopardy pnless Jfef yeesel resist* or aeek* to escape efter being summoned to aubmlt to examination, for a bellig erent act of realiatlon la per se an act beyond the law and defense of an act as retaliatory Is an admission that it Is Illegal. The government of the United State* Is. however, keenly disappoint ed to find that the Imperial German government rerards Itself as in large degree exempt from the obligation to observe the»e principles, even where neutral vessels are concerned, by what it believes the policy and practice of the government of Oreat Britain to be In the present war with regard to neu tral commerce. The Imperial Oerman government will readily understand that the jroverrment of the United States cannot discuss the policy of the government of Oreat Britain with re- j gard to neutral trade except with that' government ltaelf, and that Itjnust re gard the conduct of other belligerent governments as Irrelevant to any dl*- cueilon with the Imperial Oerman gov ernment of what thla government re gard* aa grave and unjustifiable viola tion* of the right* of American cltl sena by Oerman naval commander*. Illegal and Inhuman act*, however Justifiable they may be thought to be against any enemy who is believed to have acted In contravention of law and humanity, are manlfeatly Inde fensible when they deprive neutral* of their acknowledged right*, particu larly when they violate the right to life ltaelf. If a belligerent cannot re taliate agalnat an enemy without In juring the live* of neutrala, a* well a* h*ir propery, humanly, a* well ** Justice and a due regard for dignity of neutral power*, should dictate that the practice ahould be dlacontlnned. H persisted In It would In such cir cumstances constitute an unpardonable offense agalnat the sovereignty of the neutral nation affected. The gov ernment of the United States Is not unmindful of the extraordinary condi tions created by this war, of the radi cal alterations of circumstance* and methods of attack produced by the use of Instrumentalities of naval war fare which the nations Df the world cannot have had in view when the ex isting rulos of International law were formulated, and It Is ready to make every reasonable allowance for these novel and unexpected aspecU of war at tea; but It cannot consent to abate any e**entlal or fundamental right of ia people because of a mere aera tion of circumstance. The right* of neutrals in time of war are based up on principle, not upop expediency, and the principles sre Immutable. It I* the duty and obligation of belliger ent* to find a way to adapt the new circumstance* to them. The event* of the pait two month* h*ve clearly Indicated that it Is poe sible and practicable to conduct such submarine operations as have charac terised the activity of the Imperial Oerman navy within tha so-called war sons In substantial accord with the accepted practlcea of regulated war fare. The whole world haa looked with Intereat And Increasing satis faction st the demonstration of that possibility by German naval command era. It -la manlfeatly poaalble, there for* to lift the whole practice of aub marine attack above the crltlclam which It ha* aroused and remove tha chief cause of offense. In view of the Illegality made by the Imperial government when' It pleaded the right of retaliation In de fense of Its acta, and In view of the manifest possibility of conforming to the established rules of naval warfare the government of the United State* cannot believe that the Imperial Oer man government will longer refrain from disavowing the wanton act of It* naval commander In (Inking the Lad tan ta or from offering reparation for the American live* lost, *• far as repa ration can be made for a needleee de struction of human life by aa illegal act. Tha government of the United i States whlls not Indifferent to the friendly spirit In which it I* made, cannot accept the *ugge*tion of the Imperial Oerman government that certain veasele be designated and agreed upon which shall be free on the seas now Illegally preecribed. The very agreement would, by implication aubject other veeaela to Illegal attack and would be a curtailment and. there fore, an abandonment of the princi ples for which this government con tends and which In times of calmer counsel*,-* very nation won id concede a* of eenrae. The government of the United Statee and the Imperial Oerman gov ernment are contending for the same great object, have long stood togeth er In arging the very principle* upon which the government of the United State* now aolemnly Insist* They are both contending lor the freedom of the seas. The government of the United Statee will continue to con tend lor that freedom from whatever quarter violated, without compromlee and at any coat. It Invitee the practi cal cooperation of the Imperial Oer man government at thla time when CO«oar*tl»n mar accomplish most and this great object be moststrtklnKly and effectively achieved. The Imperial German governmen ex presses the hope that thla object may be In some measure accomplished everi before the present war ends. It can be. The government of the United States feels obliged to Insist upon it, by whomsoever violated or Ignored, in the protection of its own citizens, hut It Is also deeply interested In seeing It msde practicable between the bellig erents themselves, and holds Itself ready at any time to act as the com mon friend who may be privileged to suggest a way. In the meantime the very va'ne which this government seta upon' the long and unbroken friendship between the people and government of the Uni ted States and the people and govern ment of the German nation Impels It to !>ress very solemnly upon the Imperial Herman government the necessity for t scrupulous observance of neutral rights In this critical Matter. Friend ihlp Itself prompts it to say to the mperlal government that repetition by the commanders of German naval ves sels of acts In contravention of those •lchts must be regarded by the govern ment of the United States when they iffeet American citizens, as dellberate y unfriendly. LANSING. Must Decide Now. i Tlmes-Dlipatch—President Wilson "■as closed the door on further dlscus ilon • • • The words amount to an iltlmatunv Germany must decide; »rhether she will keep the peace with' he United Statea. EXPENSE OF BUILDING ROADS Over $200,000,000 Spent en Highways Up to January 1, 1915—81,000 Mllea Constructed. More than 1200,000,000 of atate ap propriations have been expended to January 1, 1915, and an approximate total of 21,000 mllea of aurface high way constructed under atate supervi sion since the Inauguration of the pol icy known as "atate aid,'" according to the Oood Roada Tear Book for 1915, laaued by the American Highway as sociation from Ita Waahlngton office. Only aeven atates, Florida, Georgia. Indiana, Mlsalaalppl, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texaa, have no form of state highway department what ever, although Georgia granta aid to the counties for road Improvement by lending the aervlcea of the entire male state convict force. Leglsiaturea are devoting much at tention to road legislation and unquea tlonably aeveral new highway depart- Convicts Building a Good Read. menu will result. North Carolina will probably eitabllah an Independent highway department In lieu of the work now done by the atate geological survey relating to highways. New Jersey In 18(1 was the pioneer atate In providing state aid (or publlo highways. Massachusetts and Con necticut adopted the policy ahortly aft er, but only during the last ten years baa. the state-aid policy been In ef feet on a considerable scale. About sft>o miles of state highways were completed In I*l3 end about 1.000 miles ln>'l(l4, so tbat the last two years have been responsible for more than one-third of the entire state highway mileage. The state highways in America now exceed by (.000 miles the national road system of France. To have state highway departments placed under non-partisan, efficient control; skilled supervision required In ell construction work; a proper classification of highway to Insure In telligent distribution of Improve ments; an adequate provision for maintenance of highways from the day at their completion—these are among the objects for which the American Highway association Is wag- Ing a vigorous campaign. PRACTICAL GOOD ROADS TEXT Probably Three»ourths ef Dlfflcultlee Experienced In teaeen Could Be Eliminated. How much- better to drag the roads In early spring- than to let the roads themselves become a "drag" next sum mer, when heavy teams loaded with produce must be hauled to market. Probably three-fourths of the dirt toad difficulties experienced during the season could be eliminated by a little Industry right now. The pleasure later on of hauling over roads free from nits and gigan tic mud puddles after the summer shower, will make up for any extra work this spring. Here Is a practical good roads text that will be carried out by many pro gressive communities this year. Making Hard Roadbed. To make a bard roadbed the sod most contain a fair amount of mois ture. The control of the moisture re quires that the roadbed be higher In the middle and smooth so that water cannot stand on It but will run off. If water can stand on the road, ruts will result, and when these are ground down, dust forms and finally a loos* ro«dbed results. I The Read Drag. The road drag is the simplest and least expensive contrivance yet de vised tor maintaining earth roads. Te Cure a Celd lanae |>ay. Take Laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets. All druggists refund the money if it (ails to cure. B. W. Grove's signature is on each obi. » cent*. adv. NO. 24 HEPEL ANY FIRING ACROSS BORDER PRESIDENT WILBON TO USE AR TILLERY IF NECEBBARY TO PROTECT MEXICAN BORDER. ALL FACTIONS ARE HOTIFIED . .» Definite to Oen. Funttsn In Regard to Peace—Border Town* Muat Not Be Moletted. Washington—Orders were issued with the approval of President Wilson to Major General Fun at on to repel with tore* lr necessary any firing into American territory during fighting be tween the factions In borders towns and a note waa dispatched to General C'arranza advising him of that fact. Soon afterward advices from Vera Cruz to the Carranza • headquarters here said the general had specifically Instructed General Callas, his com mander before Nof ales, not to attack the village force and gave assurance that the Carranza force in Naco would withdraw leaving a civil administra tion In charge. The garrison marched out. General Cariunca was Informed that American border commander* had orders to prevent by force if necessary any shooting Into Ame4|ran territory. The specific method of re pelling the attack was not mention ed, but the Inference was American artillery would deal with any situation construed as an attack on American cltlsens. General Funaton was instructed to resist border attacks Immediately with out referring the queation further to Washington. General Carranxa apparently gave immediate heed to the warning. The state department has had the border situation under consideration for several days. The Villa and Car ranza agencies here have each held the other responsible for the' vaca tion of the agreement to neutralize border towns, made when Oen. Hugh Scott, Chief of Staff of the Army, last visited Vaco. The situation throughout Mexico aa reported from various sections was considered discouraging by officials. NOTE UNFAVORABLE. German Newspapera Do Not Like Tone of Note. , Berlin, via wireleea to Bayvllle The latest American note to Germany I concerning submarine warfare waa re ceived most unfavorably by the Ger man newspapers In which It waa printed. The Tagellche Rundschau and The Kreuz Zeitung similarly declare that the American note calls for the most decided opposition and that It re quires Great Britain to show at leaet an equal respect for the spirit of In ternational law aa the prealdent de mands from Germany. The Tageblatt aays: "The note shows clearly that the American government cares more for the crippling of our aubmarine war than for the safeguarding of American lives. The United States must realize that to change our submarine war fare Is out of the question. The note proves that pro-British Influence haa gained an upper haad In President Wilson's circle. We hope the common sense of the American people will pre vent citizens from serving as protec tion, for English munition ships." The Tages Zeitung writes: "Neutrals have rights but so also has a great nation fighting for Ha life. Though maintaining submarine warfare Germany always is willing to respect the Justifiable wish of Ameri cans but not at any price." Girl's Plaa Brings Pardon. Mlliedgevllle, G*.—The plea of a si* year old child to Governor Harris won a promise of freedom for Thomas Edgar Stripling, who was arrested In Danville, Va., In 1911. where he was chief of police, and returned here to spend hla life In prison for murder af ter be had escaped from Jail 14 yean before, while awaiting transfer to tlia Georgia prison farm. Object to New Sea man'a Law. Syracuse. N. Y.—William C. Red field. Secretary of the Department of Commerce, who is In public correspondence betweeft*>the St. Joseph-Chicago Steamship Com pany. owners of the steamer Eastland, and the Department of Commerce, re lating to the new seaman's act. Sec retary Redfield believes that under the seaman's act. the paasenger-carrylng capacity of the Eaatland could have been reduced from 2,570 to 1,552. The steamship company opposed the seaman's bill. Military Defenses Insufficient. New York.—The report of the Army committee of the National Security » League, Henry L Stlmson, chairman, characterizes the military defenses of the country aa "woefully Insuf ficient." and endorses the recommen datlona of the General Btaff ot the Army "made repeatedly to congress." for a reserve army of 500,000 men. The report also endorses- "the repeat ed recommendation made to congresa for providing adequate reserve of arms, armament, ammunition and all claasea of war material." Belief la Mi Hears Distressing Kidney and Bladder Disease relieved In aiz hours b/ the "NEW GRBAT SOUTH AMER ICAN KIDNBY CURB." It is a great surprise on-account of ita exceeding promptness In relieving pain In bladder, kidneys and back, in male or female. Relieves reten tion of water almost Immediately. If yoa want quick relief and cure this la the remedy. Sold by Gra ham Drue Co. adv. SUBSCRIBE FOR THB GLEANER 91.00 ▲ YBAB