VOL. XLI .
FIRST YEAR OF THE
WAR IN THE EAST
*
The first twelvemonth of fighting
between the Russians on one aide and
the Austrlans and Germans on
the other is a story of great changes
of fortune, both combatants being re
peatedly driven baok only to show
the greatest resiliency In defeat and
soon to resume the offensive In a most
surprising manner.
The end of the yeat however, finds
the pendulum swinging strongly
against the czar. He may recover
and take again the roads to Cnftow,
Vienna and Berlin, but just at pres
ent he Is on the whole In worse plight
than In any hour slnoe the war
started.
Russia's losses in the first year of
the war are not approached by those
• of any nation In anjfesar of history.
According to she
has had between 2,500,000 and 4,000,-
000 men killed, Injured and captured.
Despite these horrible gaps ijiade In
her ranks, she still has millions In
the field, and her great reservoir of
personnel does not show signs of ex
haustion. It Is not men she lacks, but
guns, shells and brains.
Blow to Mobilize.
On August 1, 1914, Germany de
clared war on Russia. Almost Imme
diately the Germans crossed the fron
tier at Thorn and the Austrlans south
of Lublin. They were practically un
opposed because of the slowness of
mobilization in Russia. The Grand
Duke Nicholas Nlcholalevitch was
foroed to gather his main armies well
to the rear of the line of great fort
resses running through Kovno, Grod
no. Ossoweti, Novo Georglevsk, War
saw and Ivangorod.
On account of his desire to do all
he could to relieve the French, who
were being driven from northern
France by the amazing German rush
- through Belgium, Nicholas attacked
sooner than he otherwise would have
done. As a result, he met two disas
ters.
He sent General Samsonoff into
Bast Prussia from the south and
General Rennenkampf Into East Prus
sia from the east, the latter winning
the first large engagement ot the war
In the East at Gumblnen.
At this moment the Germans, be
lieving that the French were well In
hand and about te be surroi&ded on
their eastern frontier, quickly with
drew 260,000 men from France and
hurled them by rail Into East Prus
sia, where they fell upon Bamsonoff
with crushing force In the great Ger
man victory of Tannenberg (Aug. 28).
Meanwhile, the Austrlans, leaving
only a few troops In Gallcla to hold
baok the Russians advancing from
Tarnopol on the line of the Gnlla-Llpa,
struck the Russians en masse at Kras
nlk and routed them to Lublin.
Moat Bloody Drive of War.
With two armies In difficulty, the
. SBUML 4»Jwi. GwWft ahaivflpn, one.
to its. fate and save the other. He
threw re-enforcements into Lublin
and ordered the line of the Gnlla-
Llpa river be forced at any cost. In
one of the most bloody drives of the
war the Russians advanced into east
ern Gallcla and occupied Lemberg.
The Russians then advanced to
Rawa Ruska and took the Austrian
armies In Poland in the rear, cutting
them up frightfully.
Meanwhile Von Hlndenburg had
completed his victory over Samsonoff
by turning on Rennenkampf and clear
ing East Prussia of Muscovites. But
though Rennenkampf had been de
feated and Samsonoff almost anni
hilated, the Germans'
The Russians were now as far west
as Tarnow in Gallcla, while their
Cossacks were able to make raids into
Hungary farther south. Hlndenburg
concentrated a great force suddenly
In Silesia and began a drive from the
west against Warsaw and Ivan
gorod. The Siberian corps arrived
PROFESSIONAL CARDS
DR. L. J. MOOREFIELD,
PHYSICIAN
OFFICE IN NFW PARIS BUILDING
Office Honrs 9 to 11 a. m., 2 to
3 p. m., 7 to 9 p. m.
'Pho ie 471 or 99. Graham, N. C.
E. C. DERBY
Civil Engineer.
GRAHAM, N. C,
Natlomal Bask ol AUbuu Bl'd'a-
BURLINGTON, N. C,
Ulcy MUldlH.
rkMt 47*
JOHN J. HENDERSON
Attorn ey-at-Law
GRAHAM, N. C.
Office avtr T TttiTt ~f !!■■■■ r i
J\ s. cooz,
AtUrMt-«t-Law,
GRAHAM, A - - . N. C.
Bulldlmc
... t*. ......
I^CpMUI
JHr. DENTIST .... .
Ok*afca« - - - - Mart* Carolina
OFFICE iaSJMMONB BUILDING
.AOOB A. LOM. J. wtJtn LOIO
LONG * LONG ,
Attonwyi and Cfriinoolunillm
GRAHAM, X. 0.
JOHN H. VERNON
Attaraay and ChinlwhUU*
roMBS-Oae* MJ BeaMaaec 111
BDRLDIOTpir, N. 0.
Dr. J. J. Barefoot
office oves had let' ■ noti
Leave Messages at Alamance Phar
macy 'Phone 97 Residence 'Phone
282 Office Honza 2-4 p. m. and by
Appointment
THE ALAMANCE GLEANER.
fn tEe nick of flme to save WarsaW
from the enemy.
High Tide of Russian Invasion.
Hlndenburg then drew off the north
ern section of his army In Poland to
the north, thinking to take the pursu
ing Russians in flank with the south
ern section. But the Austrlans were
too slow to carry out the field mar
shal's plans and the Russians, slip
ping into a gap in the lines between
the Germans and their allies, slaugh
tered the latter. The result was the
high tide of Russian Invasion. The
Austrlans withdrew over the Carpa
thians again, leaving Przemysl to be
besieged a second time. The Ger
mans withdrew to Silesia and the Rus
sians, following closely, were able
for a brief moment to raid this rich
province at Pleschen. At the same
time they entered East Prussia
again.
But again the German strategic
railways proved their undoing. Hln
denburg concentrated at Thorn and
drove into the right flank of the Rus
sian main forces, throwing them back
on Lodz.
He advanced too far, however, and
when he had the Russian forces near
ly surrounded, he suddenly found Rus
sians in his own rear. In this ex
tremity, the Russians say, he tele
graphed for re-enforcements.
But before the re-enforcements
sent from Flanders arrived the Ger
mans had managed at frightful cost
to hack their way to safety. This was
the bloody battle of Lods.
Wins Second Vlotory.
With stronger German forces oppos
ing them the Russians withdrew to
the line of Bzura, Rawa and Nlda
rivers. At the Mine time the Aus
trlans, attempting to debouch from
the Carpathian paases, were driven
everywhere, leaving 80,000 pris
oners.
With January Hlndenburg made a
third desperate attack on Warsaw.
For ten days, both night and day, the
Germans came on. Then, having lost
probably 50,000 men and the Russians
nearly as many, they gave it up.
Unable to reach Warsaw, Hlndenburg
concentrated twice Siever"s force In
East Prussia, and won his second
overwhelming victory there. Enor
mous captures of Russians were made
and the fortress of Gradno was at
tacked farther west, from Ossowets
to Rultusk. The Germans retreated
to Mlawa and then tried to flank the
Russians at Przasnysi, which city
they took. But the Russians again
flanked the flanking party, as they had
done at Lodz and won an Important
success (February 22-28).
In March and April, the Russians
pressed through the western Carpa
thian passes and entered Hungary.
Just when (heir future seemed bright
est, the Germans broke the Russian
line In West Gallcla and let through
enormous force*.
Pressing westward irresistibly, they
took the Russian Carpathian armies In
the rear. The latter tried to retreat,
but vast numbers were captured.
Przemysl, which hid sucoumbed to
the Russian besiegers March 22, fell
again Into the hands of the Austro-
Germans.
Great German Maneuver.
From Przemysl Von Mackensen
drove east through Mosclska and
Grodek and captured Lemberg, the
Galiclan capital. Then he
north and marched upon the Warsaw-
Ivangorod -Brest - Litovsk triangle
from the south.
At the same time the Russians In
southern Gallcla, putting up a desper
ate resistance, were driven by Von
Linslngen first to the line ot the
Dniester and then across the Gnlla-
Llpa to the line of the Zlota-Llpa.
Reaching the vlolnlty of Krasnlk
In their drive to Warsaw from the
south, the Austrlans sustained a se
vere check In th« scene of their tri
umph of the previous summer. Held
on this line the Germans attacked hot
ly from the north and took the town
of Przasnysz (July 14).
The Germans now began the grand
est maneuver ever seen In the history
ot human warfare.
From the Wlndau river In the Bal
tlo provinces all the way along the
border of East Prussia and in a glgan
tlo sweep through the vicinity of Ra
dom, west of the Vistula, and a line
south of the Lublln-Cholm railway
they delivered smashing blows and
have reached the very gates of War
saw.
■m- --"ma. ■ 111 ——>^^wa——»
Success of Submsrlnee.
Amsterdam, via London. —German
submarines, according to a telegram
from Berlin had sunk In the war zone
up to the 25th of July 22# English
vessels, 30 other hostile ships, and six
neutral craft. The latter, the mes
sage says, were sent to the bottom by
mistake. ; _
|]»
\ \ & -
♦aNa^«A*2/ S!S Co;
JZ^LJ
Tha Gtruu asala bar* MMtwai aa vUm ta Warsaw mm tba »tar
which aatka tha "U(t •« iaat aatuaa.
w#
Sn*n«hnil Tbe ° ermßn (lr,ve '"to Russia continued, and the evacuation of Warsaw, the capital of Poland, commenced a* the kaiser's forces,
®H»p»nOll, reached within seventeen miles of tbe city. The Italians suffered the loss of the cruiser GiuseppeGaribaldi, which was torpedoed
Of (110 Week doHnfc' the week by an Austrian submarine. The selection of the new nsval test board beaded by Edison came under advisement
when Secretary Daniels met the inventor In the latter's home. A fellow prisoner slashed the throst of Leo Frank, the Georgia
murderer, ns the latter slept llarry K. Thaw, after a nine year tight, finally reached his home and mother In Pittsburgh, free. Ex-Police Lieutenant Charles
Pecker, convicted of mtmler, made final plea for his life. A serious strike threatened In the Bridgeport (Conn.) ainmanttlon worka.
FIRST YEAR OF THE
WAR. IN THE WEST
The first month and a half of the
western campaign was made up ot
startling, swift moves. On September
12, after the defeat on the Marne, the
Germans took up defensive positions
along the Alsne river. The ten and a
half months since then have seen a
long deadlock.
. • The battle line of the Alsne and the
Olse quickly extended northeast to the
ses. Fighting has been continuous,
with tremendous losses. The general
situation has remained unchanged,
gains of a few miles for one side at
one point offset by minor gains for
the enemy in other sectors.
At the beginning of August tbe
kaiser took possession of the little
state of Luxemburg and demanded
passage through Belgium to the Fran
co-Belgian frontier.
Permission to pass denied, Von
Elnem attacked Liege (August 4),
while other German armies passed
around the city and swept over the
level Belgian roads at a terrific rate.
The little Belgian army yielded Brus
sels and fell back to Antwerp and
Ghent.
First Big Engagement
Not until the Germans had almost
reached ths French border did the
first Important engagement take place
This is generally known as the battle
of Mons-Charlerol (about August 20-
28), but at the same time there was
severe fighting along the whole line
through Thlonvllls In Lorraine and
along the Vosgsc In upper. Alsace,
which the French had Invaded with
temporary success.
This battle resulted In defeat for the
Frenchxsnd English.
While obtaining some successes In
counter-attacks on the advancing Ger
mans' at Peronne and at GuUe, the
French were obliged to fall back rap
idly to the line of the River Marne.
On the left tEtTTftench had\wlth
drawn to below Paris and the western
most German army, under Von Kluck,
followed.
The garrison of Paris was put In
thousands of motor cars and hurled on
Von Kluck's flank. The latter was not
taken, entirely unawares and met the
attack strongly, but at the same time
the army of General Foch attacked the
German army on Von Kluck's left and
drove It back.
Driven Back From Paris.
The Germans had begun the battle
with five armies In line. The with
drawal of the two farthest west now
caused the retreat of the third, fourth
and fifth In thit order, each in turn
finding Its flank exposed by tbe with
drawal of tbe troops on Its right. At
the same time the movement on the
east end of the Oerman Hne was ac
celerated by a strong attack from the
French fortified zone ot Verdun.
The Oerman retreat was as orderly
as that of the French and English had
been. Ths Invaders took up an ad
mirable defensive position. It ran
just north Of the Alsne river, on a
series of bluffs, then just north ot
Chalons and through the wooded,
rough regions of the Argonne snd the
Woevre, joining hands here with the
troops besieging Verdun. Tbe allies
have tried this line In vain ever since
Both combatants now tried to turn
the west flank. Enormous bodice of
GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, AUGUST 5 1915
| cavalry. On the part of the French
Flanders. On the part of the French
I there was largely the desire to link up
with the Belgian!, now being attacked
In Antwerp. The mighty siege guns
of the Qermans made short werk of
the Belgian seaport, however, and It
fell on October 9. The remnants of
the Belgian army retreated along the
sea coast and the Germans In a final
rush reached Ostfend (October 15).
Line Extended to the 8«a.
The battle line of the Alsne was now
extended to the sea, the Qermans hold
! lng the Important French city of Lille,
while the allies kept Ypres In Belgium
and, partly by flooding the lowlands,
held the position of the Yser river and
canal.
From October 16 to November 10
was fought the desperate first battle
of Ypreß, when the Germans suffered
enormous losses In attempts to break
through the line (p Flanders and reach
Calais. They succeeded In pushing
back the allies only a little and the
Invasion of Silesia by the Cossacks
Anally Induced them to desist and
send re-enforcements to Russia.
The Germans In September had per
formed the feat of pushing a salient
Into the French line south of Verdun,
I which terminated on the west bank of
J the Meuse river at Bt. Mlhlel; while
the French had taken the offensive
with some success In Champagne at
about the same time.
For the most part throughout the
winter the fighting consisted of regu-
I lar siege warfare, with heavy/artillery
combats and mine and countermine.
The flooding of the River Alane
from winter snows gave the Germans
ft diUM to entrap the French troopa
on the north side of that river In the
vicinity of Solsion* for a considerable
distance and kill or capture most of
them (January 14).
Take Offenelve In Spring.
With the spring, the French and
English attempted to take the offensive
at several points. Always preparing
the way with tens or hundreds of tbou
shands of shells, they trte'd joint after
joint of the German armor.
In the Vosges the dominating height
of Hartmannswellerkopf was taken
and retaken several times In sanguin
ary charges and finally remained in the
hands of the French.
The salient of St. Mlhlel was also
subjected to tremendous French pres
sure on both "legs." The French suc
ceeded In gaining a little ground, but
the Germans, despite the apparent
weakness of the sharp wedge they had
driven Into the French line, could not
be dislodged and later succeeded In re
gaining some of the territory they had
lost.
Tho British also reported "victories"
at Neuve Chapelle and Hill No. 60. In
Flanders. Whether these should be
accounted successes for the allies Is
doubtful. The British suffered enor
mous losses and at Neuve Chapelle
bungled affairs to the extent of shell
ing their own men who bad taken Ger
man trenchee. In other cases they
left gallant little parties lodged In
enemy's trenches without supports to
be annihilated.
The next development was the un
expected use of poisonous gas fumes
by the Oermana In attacks just north
of Ypres. With this novel weapon
they succeeded In tsklng several small
villages and more than compensating
for the British gains south of Ypres.
The losses of the French, Canadians
and British were severe, but they suc
ceeded In stemming the Oerman on
slaught effectively a few miles back
from their former position.
Begin Serfee of Attacks.
The German line makes a salient at
Solssons, though not such a pro
nounced one aa at St. Mlhlel. The
French now began a series of at
tacka on the upper side of this salient,
to the north of Arras Expending hun
dreds of thousands of shelter they time
and again blasted away the barbed
wire entanglements and concrete
trenches, held by Crown Prince Rup
precht of Bavaria's men, and then
charged serosa the desolate ground for
slight gains.
The fighting centered about the su
gar refinery of Souchot and the great
Oerman work called the Labyrinth
Fighting went on In cellars and tnn
nela below the earth and the casaal
tlaa were heavy. The French bent the
Oerman line and captured the Laby
rinth, but whether the galna justified
their sacrifice In human life la ques
tionable
In July, Crown Prince Frederick
William's army attacked la the Ar
gonne forest, weet of Verdun, and
succeeded In gaining several hundred
yards of shattered woodland and cap
turing several thousand Frenchmen.
There were rumors that the Her
mans were re-enfordpg for another
great drive toward CalaJa or Parte,
but the Teutonic campaign In the
West to wait upon the
crushing of the much weaker enem>
In Poland
SUBSCRIBE FOR THB GLEANER
§ FIRST YEAR OF THE
j;j WAR ON THE SEA | I
i[i At the end of the first year i i
]i| of war not a German fighting \ |
i[i craft, except submarines, Is i i
V known to be at large outside [ \
I|l the Baltic sea. The Austrian J
111 warships are confined to the jip- I I
]![ per Adrlatlo and the Turkish J
{ ji fleet to the Sea of Marmora
| ; and adjacent straits. The mer- j
j, chant marine of the central >
jij European powers has dlsap- J
jiji peared utterly from the ocean i
;11 highways. Sixty million dol- \ |
V lars' worth of Oerman shipping ' >
]i[ lies ldls In the docks of New ! |
j|i York, while several times as 1
X much Is bottled up elsewhere. !
V At tbe same time the Oerman J j
11! submarines have Inflicted enor- i i
]i[ mous losses of allied shipping. | j
iji While both sides have prob- i i
;]i| ably concealed many losses, \ j
iji the following Is a fairly aceu- >
V date summary of the number ' |
iji of craft which have been de- 1 1
X stroyed: { \
!j! Entente Alliea. ' '
Brit- Bus- j ;
Ish French stan !
ji] Battleships ..10 2 •• X
X Cruisers 12 1 t X
V Submarines .. 4 I •• X
iji Auxll. cruisers 5 .. 1 X
]i[ Gunboats, de
iji stroyers, and
|i] torpedo boats 4 I t X
X Total Japanese and Italian '
!|! losses, seven vessels of all X
11; classes. . —I !
Teutonic Allies.
X "® r ' Au *' ] I
i \ many trta
]ij Battleships 1 .. J
iji Cruisers 18 S X
jij Submarines 9 I [
I|l Auxiliary cruisers ....19 .. 1
X Gunboats, destroyers,
j' 1 and torpedo boats ...20 1 1 1
X Total Turkish losses of ves- ! !
]ij sels of all classes, four.
111 Total tonnage en
]l|_ tente allies 878,770 | [
111 Total tonnage,
]l| Teutonic allies 224,74* , j
BIQ EVENTS IN FIRST
YEAR OF THE WORLD WAR
Jnm 3H—Arehlak* aal ArtkiMfeMc
Krairla of Awtrla mlmtm bf ItrMaa
■UWIIRI. ••
Ai|ial I — iimrmmmr itrlarta war aa
Hwto.
ik«(Ml 3—Claramb ftrett raltr L«i«m
barf. VtrMßf h—gt
tfcruuck ilflfliM.
Aafual 3 Kagtaal aaMiaHa ataU •(
war wflli
Aagaat 7—Frtafk lava4a a«alh«ni Al~
MN.
Aacaal H—Brlllak Iraapa laal ka
Fraara aal Balflaaa.
Aafial ll—Oaraaaaa hm IJaga torts.
Aaiaal ll—Baglaai aal Fraaaa la-
Har» war aa Aaalvla.
Aaiaal li—Aaalrlaaa laraia larkla la
frrra.
Aacaat IT—Baftaalag af iva iara' feal
tla katwaaa larklaaa aal Aaalrlaaa
aa Ika ialar, aallag la Aaatriaa
raal.
Aacaat 33 Orraaaaa aalar Braaarla.
Aacaat 33—J«raaaaa aalar Vlaaaar Ml
attarfti Maaa. Aaatrla aaaaaaaaa Via*
tar? arrr Haaalaaa at Kraaalk. Japaw
larlarra war.
Aacaat 24 llrltlak kagla ratraat fraaa
A agaat 3B frrark arataata Maalkaa-
Ammmmt Tt —l -aa rata karaal kf Orr
aaaaa.
Aacaat M-Battla af Vfal«alaal* aar
aral Orraaaaa waraklga aaak.
Aacaat sa—Haaalaaa anakatf la fkraa
dafm' kattla aaar Taaaaakavg.
3—Haaalaaa aaaagy Lai
3aptaaakrr 1 Battla a# Ika Naraa ka
glaa. Orraaaa rigkt wla# lalratal
aal ratraat kagtaa.
lagtaakar T—Naakaaga fa I la.
laptaaakrr 13—CI a aaaaa ratraat kalta aa
Ika Alaaa.
krataaakar 31 Oaraaauaa fcaaakarl
Halana \ial lajara Ika laaaaaaa aalka-
IraL
Ortakrr A—A at warp aaaaplal kf Ika
Orraaaaa.
Ortakrr 13 karr rrrall atari a.
Ortakrr 14—AIMaa aarapy Ypraa. Bat
tla kagtoa mm TkOla.
Ortakrr l«—OalaaJ aaaaplal kr Ika
Orraaaaa.
Ortakrr 13 nral kail la af Tpraa ka-
Oartakar II Taa layaf kattla katora
Waraaw rala la fltfia ratlraaaaat.
Ortakrr W Matilpaa raaarapr La la
aal Kalaaa.
o»ufctf tm Twtn >«gt»i «w M Rw
ala.
RnmNr t !■»■■■ kata
karfc MIU MHt
Cnmtar •—Tatogla* tmttmtnn.
mataf 11 Baaalaat ■«
UfH arf KMM
R*t«mWv II ■■«■!■■■ Illnlil at
flMlank.
llnmWr If—Aaatriaa fMirr no
llrtlaM at VaUn* I,
Diiwtw •—ahihui Nafy m.
«»■*». _ _
"'i'Till# Url"' kat!»a. - * # '" Aaalilaai
Dtnabw * (liiaaai iirif Ilia
DmmWv iW-AaaMaaa eraaaata Bat-
Dmaktr II Bna«a mton %»■
kar ■nrt«n|rt aa4 ■artlaaaal.
HtWim kllM.
Dmaka M M Ilwtw laktlaa aa tka
MM •' Ika lam rfrar.
lanair l*U rm> »l?aan atr«a«
Alaaa aartk af ■Hailaa.
Jaaaarr 14-Vnaak Mraa kaak atria.
Alaaa
Jaaaarr M—ftaval battla la Hank aa*.
U.rvaaa awr«l ttal.M Blaarbar
■mE
Jaaaarr Haaalaaa aaaapr Takrta.
fakraarr •—Tallara af Otmaa attaaka
waat af Waraaw.
F.kraarr * kaataala# af kattla ia
Raat Praaala, raflag la Baaalaa 4a
. last. . . .
rtlnarr I*—llrrmna hrml utau
rtaa "klackaSr" aa Urtil Brttala kc
rAraarr S4— Kanliai Srivaa fraaa
■akawtaa.
Marak IS—lrttlak aaaka aSvaaaa at
Naava Ckapalla.
Hank Sl—Zrpprlla. kmk«i Parla.
Marak SS SarraaSar af Fraaaaral ta
Raaalaaa.
Marrk Sl—Raaalaaa paaatrala Dak la
paaa aaS aatar Haasah.
Vprtl a— Kr.ark kaglaa vfalaat attack*
aa Mlklrl aallaat.
April 14— Raaalau at Sstrapka, as
aallaa taalSa Haaearr.
April IS—Raaalaaa mraati Taraaw.
April a—Srnal kattla af Tpraa ka
(taa.
April SS—Alllaa tear* Ualllpall paala
aala. aafnlas frarfal laaaaa.
April W-ttllH aaaaaaaa rrraptan af
I.laara. Hat Saa aaS llartaaaaaawaiter
Karl.
Mar in—Brrtla raparta raptara af ae.-
000 Raaarfar prlHjaera la treat Oatl
rla aa aalaar* af tkraa vlllasraa aaar
Yprer
Mar S—Raaalaaa tall kark fraaa Dak la
paaa.
Mar T—Brrlta rr*arl> raptara ml Tar
■aar wltk auiar Haaatea prteaaara.
Mar l-Uwaua aakaarial alaka tka
Lwaltaala. aaara tkaa 1,1 SS last. Raa
alaaa la (all retrsat treat Carpa
tklaaa.
Mar S—Oaraaaaa raptara Llkaa Baltte
part. v,»
Map IS— PVaark raptara Csraaaaay.
aarlk af Arru, at sa-aat aaat.
Map IS— Aaaarteaa Srat aakaaarlaa aat*
aiala paklla.
Mar St Italr Saalaraa war aa Aaa
trla.
Mar SC—ltaHaaa lavaSa Aaatria.
Mar Se—ltaHaaa taka OraSaa. Raaalaaa
akark Uaraaaa at Steaawa.
Mar Sl—rirat Uaraaaa Bate aa aakaa.
rlaa rraakaa Waaklastaa. Happallaa
trap buaaka la Loalaa.
Jnm» S—Praaaajal (alia ta Aaatra-Oar
aaaaa.
Jaaa ie—Garaaae raptara Staalalaab
Jaaa ll—SaaaaS It. S. aakaariaa aat*
«a Uaraaaa r aaaSa paklla. Itallaaa
taka Meafateaaa. A
Jaaa IS—ltallaaa taka UraStera.
Jaaa IS—Aaatra-Uaraaaaa a»«apr Tar-
Isaa M Fraaak taka Mataaral.
Jaaa SS—Praark aaaaaaaa aaaapatlaa
_ ef tka "takrrlatk," aartk al Arraa.
™ m **~Aaatra-Uaraaaaa aaptara laaa
'aaa SM— Aaatrtaaa araaa tka Dalaatar
at Mattes.
Jaaa sa—Ha lira falla.
Jatf S—Raaalaaa Safaat Uaraaaa at
•»saat ta laa4 at WlaSaa.
J"lr 1— Raa.a-IJaraaA aaval kattla af
Oettlaad.
r 4—itallaaa taka Talaalaa.
•■■r a— Barlla aaaaaaaaa salaa ta tka
Arsraaaa faraat.
Jalr IS—Uaraaaa. taka Praaaaraa. SS
. Bailee aartk af Maraaa.
'air IS Uaraaaaa afiaara at aaaar
petals la Raaala, taklae W'ladaa. Ta
aaaa, Blaada aat Urake*.
'air SO—Raaalaaa repert elaktaa af SS
Tarklak aalllas vraaal*. (.arnaaa
saaa rrark aatar farta af Waraaw
•af a* aaaa. Ik* Lablla-CkalM rail
war.
Jalr Sl—TklrS V. S. aakaariaa aat a
_ saa. ta Orrmaar.
JaJr SS—Tarklak-Uaraaaa aapaSlttea
taaSaS la Tripoli.
'air St—Urraiaa taka Iwa farta aaar
Waraaw.
'sir SS—Raaalaaa rrpalae Aaatrtaaa la
Oallrla.
Russian Duma Qsts Busy.
Petrograd, via London. —The first
sitting of the Duma, which opened
a few days ago, holds out promise of
work with the object of promoting
the production of military supplies
and meeting the military require
ments. rathe/ than oratory, recrimi
nations or effort lo discover those re
sponsible for the rallure to realise
the earlier high hopes. The temper
of tbe deputies was moderate; party
differences were minimized; there
was an entire 'absence of gloom or
factious enthusiasm.
Discuss National Defence.
Madison. Wlaa.—Tbe national de
fense will be discussed by Governors
of the various states at their annual
conference In Boston August 24 to 24,
according to tbe program announced
by M. C. Riley, secretary of tbe gov
ernors' conference. The meeting
will have added significance by rea
son of tbe fact that several adju
tants general will participate In the
discussion of the plans for Increasing
ths site of the Nstlonal Guard.
' THE GREAT BATTLE LINES IN THE WEST
rasfen
Tte V** ■«■«»»> ka tka VM, aiwallwn to«™ « Ik* kattla
a* Mm CtiHinl. mix Aim M n4 rmHH la tka Mml •' ita f'l">
Ml »rtH«t TWr mmn« MMk at tka MtiH nfcaia tka mal «ia»aal aa
|a>»a»»l MWU4 »«■!!■> l» I. Tk» Baa at Ikk 4a I a aa tka aa» akawa tka
•raW laaltliaa tmmt tka katUa>
11a MM ll|M *&■ WW kaakaa a* mm 4 (ana* kaafc. Maitaf akaat
a rillnam at tka wfcata DM. Tka Onau naltlaai aa laliatw kk tka
■MM at tkato rirrwt. ara akawa aa tka ka» k» a aaataa W Mgkt MMftw
wklta a taw at twt»a»t r«alaa«laa kttiatia tka liw/llt »»■»«■'' Uaaak
Uaa at tka lln wkawa tkar ttmai mm* waaa attaikll kr tka iWii
Batk ilia WW wtwtet tkatr Maaa tawart tka mil U|kt aaaaaaa
akaw tka ti paattlaa imail >nliailit Mt »r Olakiw U tka
alaaa llaa waa wapMt Iraa tka Alaa ta tka aaa. _ >
Tka Uaa at »a#laaakar a* alaa akawa tka ni«at»a»' gnat titra lata tka
Crock llaa aaraaa tka Maaaa at ft. Hlktal.
CnWat awwit arm tka a rata at tka aatmaka* riafa llaa wkawa tka
■raataaf atramtaa kava takaa plaaa ataaa Ortakaw U.
CAMPAIGNS OUTSIDE
BIG WAR THEATERS
In of re (lons there bu
been fighting which would hare hold
worldwide attention war* It not for
the mighty battle lines In Prance and
Poland.
Servla's own war was a greater trial
to her than either of the two preced
ing Balkan struggles. Agitated by
Montenegro, the little Slavic nation
'wtce threw the hosta of Trans Josef
beyond her borders and Inflicted
loeses of about 130:000 men, but she
suffered severely herself.
The Austrlana Invaded Serbia In
great force about August 1( and pene
trated to the Jadar river, where a
great five-day battle ended In the
rout of tbs Teutons.
The Austrlana returned soen In
stronger force than ever. They
reached Valjevo, where on November
17 the Berblana met a defeat
With their supply of artillery am
munition exhausted, the Serbians now
hsd to retrest. The. Austrlans, be
lieving them crushed, withdrew six
srmy corps for re-enforcements
against the victorious Russians In Oa
lleta
Shells snd English tan with naval
guns reached the Serbians, and on
December S they turned on the Aus
trlans and cut them to pieces.
The entry of Turkey Into the war
was marked by a brave, but foolhardy
attempt to Invade Egypt Great Brit
ain's Indian and colonial troops threw
the Invaders back with haavy losses.
British and Japaneee troops lnveet
sd the fortified German port of Tslng
tau, China, and after a stags of a few
weeks the defenders gave up the hope
less struggle.
A section of the Boer population of
South Africa revolted. The revolt
was put down by a Boer, Premier
Botha. He then Invaded German
Southwest Africa, and after a long
campaign la the waterleea dsserts
saptured the greatly outnumbered
Germans (July I).
After taking three-quarters of. a year
to arm heraelf to the teeth. Italy at
tacked Austria thla spring. The effect
of the entry of Italy upon the arena
baa not yat been marked.
FIRST YEAR COST OF
I! WAR IN MEN AND MONEY
i > Only approximately accural* |
; tabl*» of tha killed, wounded 1
> and mlulng In the drat year of ! !
J; the war are poeelble. becauae | |
i > Prance and Ruaela and Austria- ! >
;; Hungary do not (Ire out their \ \
> flgurei, while Germany haa > >
I ehanged her polloy recently to J J
> one of eecrecy. Oreat Britain c.
11 ■till telle her loeeee from \ [
1 ' month to month. i •
The following eetlmatea are !
; bettered to give a fairly cor- •'
, rect Idea of the caaualtlea: —i !
Teutonic Alllee.
(> Oermany >IOO,OOO i!
Auitrla-Hungary .....1400,000 J[
| Turkey 110,000 •
« ' ToUl 4,410,000 ' '
! Entente Alllee.
« 1 Prance 1,700,000 1 '
!Runta (Including prie- ''
j; ooere, 1,175,000) .... 1.t00.000 "
! ! Oreat Rrltaln 410,000 !!
J ; Belgium M 0 000 ' 1
11 Serrla 140,000 !!
;; J»P«» 1,110 ;;
11 Italy (no report* of >
I! loeeee 78,000 J;
« Portugal (lighting la
;; colon lee) ..(minor) !!
> Mont*n*gro 10,000 >
J | Ban Marino (T) ! !
J>" 4 »
!> Total 6.1 M.llO ! ►
Th* drat year of the war ha* !
I eo«t the belligerent gorern- 11
, . menu about »H. 500,000,000 In ! !
;; direct expepdlturee for mill- ;'
> tary purpoeee. The war la now !
;; coating about 14t.000.040 a day, ; ;
> 11,000.000 an hour and 110,000 1!
!' a m'.Lat*. ; J
II , ,
Cotton milt superintendents and
overseer from all the Southern States
who have been going to Boston ererjr
other rear, or wishing to (0, to In
spect eihlhlts of textile machinery
and textile products, will this fall hare
an exposition for their benefit at
Greenville, 8. C., November 24, that
promises to be. for cotton manufac
turers at least, nearly. If not quite, as
complete aa any that has ever been
held In the United States.
NO. 26
ILL nu END TO'
MEXICAN PRACTICE
•*
URGENT DEMANDS THAT FOC3
BE ALLOWED TO REACH
SUFFERERS.
SOME DEFINATE ACTION SOON
American Flag Torn From an Auto
mobile In Whleh an American
Waa Riding.
Washington. —« Urgent representa
tions demanding In the name of ha
manlt that food be permitted to reach
the starving people of Mexico City, •
were sent by the state department to
Generals Carranza, Villa and Zapata.
The notes declare avenues of trans
portation to Mexico City must be
opened to provision trains and kei>t
open.
Although the text of the represen
tations was not made public, it la
known that the document la a forerun
ner of more definite action, aooa to bo
taken In the form of a final demand
that the Mexican factions end their
strife and establish a constitutional
government by means of a Joint con
ference
Officials believe General Carranza
at Vera Cms Is In a position to keep
the railroad to Mexico City from
Vera Crux open for transportation of
food beyond Pachuca at least, and
that either he or Zapata in coopera
tion with Villa can control the lino .
beyond that point.
Official reports from Mexico City
said there waa actual starvation thero
and that conditions generally wer-
worse than ever. People of all classes
are suffering for Aod although there
Is money In plenty to purchase It
A message from Vera Crux detail
ing an assault upon an American cttl
xen near Puebla and violations of the
American flag by Zapata soldiers a
'• w days ago, further arouse
officials here to hte extreme gravity
of the situation.
Near Puebla the automomblle was
stopped by a company of Zapata sol
diers. The occupants were pulled oat
and the American flag torn from Its
staff and trampled upon by the sol
dlers who took Mallory and his com
panlona before a Zapata officer. They
were searched, their papers taken and
the two Spaniards sentenced to be
executed. Whether sentence waa car
rled out la not known, the message
btarlng evidence of having besn era
sored on this point
Mallory protested against the sen
Undng of the Spaniards.
"Keep your mouth shot or yo T i
Mil be shot." he was told by the off'
cer. who later released him. An In
vestigation of the Incident baa be»t
ordered.
GERMAN HAD BOGUS PAPER.
American Paseporte Appear to Have
Been leeued Generally.
London. —It waa learned on high
authority here that the British auth
orities have arrested a German sub
Ject who bad In his possession a forg- ,
ed American passport which the ar
rested man admlta la not genuine.
The forged >document has been co.n
pared with the original paaspo t
whloh waa Issued to a bona flcla
American citizen.
The real passport, which waa sent
to London by the state department
at Washington shows that the forgery
ta a dangerous imitation.
The arrested man Is understood to
have declared that the falae passport
waa given to him In Antwerp by Cap
tain Schneltzer, a German secret
service officer. The American stats
department Is said to have taken up.
the question with the German gov-'
eminent as the imitation is so clever
that it constitutes a danger to ATieri- '
cans abroad.
Honor for America.
London. Prof. Richard Norton, •
founder of ths American ambulance
corps, the chief Red Cross unit In the
Sscond French srmy, has been award
ed the military cross by the French
government.
Marines Meet Reslstancs.
Washington. American marine!!
landed at Port an . Prince, Haiti, last
night encountered resistance which
was overcome without casultlee
among the ssilors. The following
mssssge from Admiral Caperton was
given out st nsvy department:
"Landing forces established in city.
Blight resistance during early part of
night as advance was being made.
This resistance easily overcome. No
casultiss our force. Am proceeding
to disarm Haitien soldiers snd civil
ians today."
Demands Hslsaae of Good a.
Washington.—Unofficial, but vigor
ous efforts by the state department
to secure for American importers the
release of vsst consignments of Ger
man, Austrian and other goods held
in neutral European ports by the
British order-ln-council are believed
by officials here to have Influenced
Oreat Britain to formulate the sup
plsmental note expected next week.
The communication is expected to
present an official answer to the un
official representations made after the
original note waa framed.
CASTOR IA
For Infants and Children
In Um For Over 30 Years
SUBSCRIBE FOR THB GLEANER,
tLM A YBAR
-IN ADVANCE.—