North Carolina Newspapers

National Topics Interpreted J byWilliam Bruckart Washington.?It begins to appear that the country as a whole may have a chance to know New Deal bow many laws and Publicity executive orders la sued thereunder have come out of the New Ileal in lis twen tv-one months of life. President Roose velt has determined upon publication In an official manner as the means of Informing Mr. Average Man what he Is not supposed to do under the New Deal. It has not been determined yet whether there will be an official gov ernment newspaper for publication of all of these laws, executive orders, codes, regulations and other means of official expression, but everything points that way. Courts have always said that Igno rance of the law excuses no man. It remained for the Supreme Court of the United States, however, to say that when the average man was deluged with hundreds of orders of Inhibition and prohibition from Washington, he was or is quite likely to be unable to comprehend whait it is all about. It was almost unprecedented for criticism to come from a member of the Supreme Court of the United States. But Associate Justice Bran deis, one of the outstanding liberals of the highest tribunal, made no effort to conceal his grievance when, In the course of presentation of an NBA case to the court, he learned to his amaze ment that there had been no publica tion of Che numerous orders, regula tions or rules In a manner that could conceivably reach the country as a whole. Of course, the newspapers have attempted to keep the country Informed but there seems to be no doubt that the number of official pro nouncements was too great for any newspaper, however large, to keep track of and publish them all. Conse quently, the Associate Justice gave voice to a feeling that has prevailed among newspaper correspondents In Washington for a long time, namely, that the bulk of the citizens of this country were uninformed concerning the vast number of new regulations forthcoming under the New Deal. It Is a regular practice for congress to enact legislation and Include In such laws a phrase to this effect: "Authority to Issue regulations car rying out the terms of this law Is here by extended." That phrase whenever It Is Included, as It Is almost Invariably, gives to the rules and regulations, proclamations and pronouncements, the full force and effect of the law Itself so long as the administrative promulgations are with in the terms of the law Itself and with in reason. In other words, these he come law and they can be sustained by any court that can find the law It self constitutional. The magnitude of the problem with which the President has now deter mined to deal was Weighty suggested recently by Problem a committee of the American Bar asso ciation which estimated that In the first year of the NRA alone more than ten thousand pages of such "law" were written by executive authority with out adequate provision for notifying the public. "The total legislative output by or In connection with this one adminis trative agency," the committee de clared, "actually staggers the Imagina tion." The committee added that any cal culation Involved guess-work and it con cluded after something more than a superficial Investigation that between four thousand five hundred and five thousand methods of business conduct were prohibited by the codes and sup plemental amendments to codes pro mulgated by the National Recovery Administration In Its brief period of life. The Brooklyn Institute in a study of the situation has found that In the federal government there are sixty dif ferent administrative tribunals which, as the Institute's statement said, are "making Judicial decisions afTecting private rights." The Institute's state ment added that "these do not pro ceed according to any single form, do not follow any uniform procedure and do not fit In as Integral parts of a co herent or Intelligent system." During the World war there was an official publication Issued by the com mittee on public Information which was designed to acquaint the general public with the myriads of orders from the White House, orders from the War and Navy departments, orders from a score of other places. In the hope that public understanding would simplify the administration's problem. That Is the only time, as far as I have been able to ascertain, when the produc tion of rules and regulations and ad mlnistratlon-made "law" was so great that other than normal press channels had to be used. Mr. Roosevelt said In announcing his decision, that frankly there never had been machinery of government for the pnbllcation of such decrees and laws. Obviously now that the Supreme court has called atten tion to the lack of a central compila tion or publication of such orders, something constructive Is going to be done about It There Is. however, a possibility of ?'anger in that course. Attention has heen directed here to the threat that unless careful supervision over such a publication is maintained, some un scrupulous individuals may take ad vantage of this new avenue of public ity for selfish means. It Is to be as sumed that Mr. Roosevelt will protect against this potential danger, but 1 find in many quarters expressions of a fear that the thing may get out of hand unless the President is fully fore warned so that he can be forearmed. ? ? ? Much significance attaches to the President's projected plan to take the . profits out of war. President'# it is looked upon by Shrewd Move those who know as a very shrewd move,af fecting both domestic and Internation al politics. Lt will be some time be fore its full import can be pieced to gether in one picture but when that time comes, wiseacres tell me, among ! the things to be seen will be: 1. Notice to congress tiiat the Presi dent Is not going to allow the legisla tive body to run away with things that gain publicity, if the scheme is one in which he desires to participate. 2. Notice to the world that the Unit- j ed States is not going to surrender leadership In world affairs even though the London naval conference lias failed I and even though Japan has renounced her signature to the Washington arms limitation treaty of 11)22. It is too early to make a guess whether the senators who militantly fought back after Mr. Roosevelt's pro nouncement will get anywhere. Those senators were the leaders in the sen ate committee's munitions Investiga tion. Senator Nye, the committee chairman, with all of the breeze of his North Dakota plains, accused the Pres ident in effect of trying to stop the munitions Inquiry. Senator Vanden berg of Michigan challenged the Pres ident's right to Interfere. Each thought, as did some of the other mem bers of the committee who did not be come vocal, that Mr. Roosevelt was trying to steal the show because it is a fact that the committee was on the front pages day after day during the investigation. Some observers here are inclined to the opinion that Mr. Roosevelt will be able to lull the recalcitrant members of congress Into a kindly feeling to ward his program which is designed to draft far-reaching legislation and that they will eventually hush-up. At this writing I am unwilling to agree fully with Chat belief. One must not be unmindful in dis cussing this little controversy that It can become of great magnitude or it can sink out of sight easily. My own thought is that Mr. Roosevelt's control of congress is not going to be serious ly disturbed by it It is possible, how ever, that there are enough dissatisfied members of the house and senate to constitute a bloc which will speak Its mind collectively as well as Individ ually. If that should come about, there will be fun. ? ? * Every once in a while some one dis covers some new letters written by George Washington. Washington Such a circumstance a Lobbyist? has Just developed. The Chesapeake and Ohio railroad, preparing to celebrate the one hundred and fiftieth anniver sary of the original corporation from which it came, has found a letter signed by General Washington which, authorities tell me, represents among Che first petitions ever filed with a leg islative body in behalf of private in terests in this country. In fact, if the Washington letter in question were to have been presented to the present day congress, undoubtedly those in opposition to the general's plan would have described hlra as a lobbyist. H. O. Rjshop, a noted writer and historian here, found In the Library of Congress that General Washington had sought legislation in the general assembly of Virginia in behalf of the Jamestown company, a corporation which In later years was to become the (!hesapeake and Ohio Railroad company. General Washington Interceded with the Vir ginia assembly on the ground that if the United States ever were to become of consequence as a nation In this world there must be expansion west ward and if there were to be expan sion there had to be means of transpor tatlon. The general, according to the Li brary of Congress records, personally surveyed a westward route over which the Jamestown company was to op erate. That Is the route now followed by th? line of the present railroad. Disclosure of the Washington letter has brought again to the forefront the question of what constitutes lobbying before a legislative body. There are those in this administration, the same as there have been in numerous pre ceding administrations, who accuse anyone attempting to present his side of the story to a legislative body of being a lobbyist. I believe, however, that the bulk of the people look upon that sort of thing as an exercise of the right of petition. It will be Interesting to note how when the efforts of General Washing ton in behalf of the Jamestown com pany are generally known, his exercise of the right of petition will be accept ed. Surely even the most ardent re formers will not desire to call the Father of our Country a lobbyist. C. Welters Newspaper Union. Czech Olympic Macedonians In Praha for Czechoslovaklan Olympic. Prepared by National Geoaraphlc Society. Washington. D. C.-WNU Service. EVEKY six years Czechoslovakia stages Its own "Olympic." Praha (Prague) the capital city, dons party dress, puts out its welcome mat and moves to a heightened tempo. Hotel rooms are reserved weeks ahead; a chair In a restaurant puts a visitor in a privileged class. Special trains, trailing one an other Into Wilson station, disgorge col orful crowds from rural districts. Air planes drop off visitors from the four winds of heaven. The enormous stadium on Strahov hill, bleakly barren between meetings, bustles with barelegged athletes of both sexes with the fire of enthusiasm in their eyes, and eager youngsters ? Imitating their elders in athletic prowess. Outside "the distant gateways long lines of performers await the signal to Invade the 567-acre field in which the largest "big top" would be but a side show. Czechoslovakia's own Olympics re turn to the old stamping ground, and the greatest grcjup drills on earth are fitted together out of hundreds of units, each a mosaic of all classes. This na tional concourse of gymnasts is not a j mere physical culture exhibit. It Is the mobilization of a nation's sinew, j spirit, and dreams. When the Czech Yankee Doodle sticks a feather in his cap. that feather marks the wearer as a faicon?a Sokol. In Slavic lands, from the Baltic to Tur key, the word evokes familiar heroes I of age-old legends. The Sokol movement affects all classes and all ages. Children of six move in uniformed companies. Mature citizens lift their centers of gravity to military contours. Country women arrive wearing so many bright petti coats that they seem to be smuggling I woolen goods into a besieged city. Scenes of Gaiety and Splendor. Native arts, handicrafts, and songs take on new leases of life. The factory girl whose usual "best dress" Is plain cotton brings forth old aprons strident with color and halloon sleeves bnlging with embroidery. The society lady lays aside her clinging gown for such homespun finery as her mother habitual ly wore on festival occasions when cos tume was local rather than Interna tional In pattern. Long before the main performance starts, the Charles bridge resembles an endless belt of ethnographic exhibits Issuing from the archway of a fine Gothic tower and losing themselves In the long arcades beyond the VRgva. Costumes from Cechy (Bohemia), Mo rava (Moravia), Slezsko (Silesia), Slovensko (Slovakia), and Podkarpat ska Rus (Kuthenla) make the close packed streets of the Mala Strana, or "Little Town," look like aisles In a dahlia show. Czech theaters put on their best artists to supplement the mighty drama of the Pan-Sokol Festival. Art Gal leries vie with the living picture of a nation's strength. Concert halls fur nish a musical relaxation after hours of suspense and emotional excitement. Dvorak's "New World Symphony" Is seldom better played than In the Old Town at Praha. Czech genius Is many-sided and there Is a strong current of Individual ism. but there are no star performers In the mass drills. In which (50.000 arms and legs compose quick.flashing scales of eye music for 1.15.000 specta tors. The home-run. the last-minute touchdown, the final lunge to personal victory, are lacking In the group dis plays. Much of the drama Is psycho logical, for the precision, the verve, and the magnitude of the spectacle are but visual evidences of a mighty spirit nnderlying all. High on the roof of the tribune, hid den from the most-favored spectators, are the group leaders; but the Invis ible director Is the man whose cen tenary was celebrated In 1032, at the Ninth Pan-Sokol Festival. Dr. Miro slav Tyrs. The Sokols united the Czechs when they were still men wlthont a country. Thomas O. Masaryk, the distinguished and revered first and only president of the Czechoslovak republic, added the pen stroke which won the geo graphic setting for an accomplished fact. Started in 1M2. Doctor Tyrs built his dream on a drill squad of 75 Sokol members, who Initiated his system of gymnastics on March 5. 18(52. The First Pan Sokol Festival In 1881. Including (50(5 .Sokols gathered from 7(5 different units, was considered a great success. The Seventh Sokol Festival in Praha In 1020, Involving the mobilization of 70,000 trained athletes and countless spectators, was a major factor In the consolidation of a new nation In the heart of Europe. Czech consciousness and patriotism, fostered by the Sokol organization for nearly 60 years, had proved Its worth. From the air the great stadium on Strahov hill seems more like a village than an arena. There were 140,000 participants In ; the meeting of 1932. From June 5 to July 6 the athletic colony was busy. Preceding the main adult festival, from July 2 to July 6, first the children, then the adolescents, displayed their skill and training. From June 29 to July 6 the streets were a riot of color in Informal or formal parades of marchers in local or national dress. Delegates from neighboring lands added even greater variety to the dis play, which took on characteristics of a fashion show of peasant handicrafts and needlework. Although member ship is limited to Slavs and a tew na tionals from countries which fought on the side of the Entente during the World war, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and Bulgars have been allied with the Czechs In the Sokol movement and re cent festivals have had an interna tional aspect The Stars and Stripes wave over many a colorful procession and July 4 is celebrated as the "Fourth of July." It is hard to understand how drill teams from 3,144 widely distributed units arrive at such perfection; but the Sokol organization has Its own publish ing plant and the music to which the movements are set is distributed long before the show. Special gramophone records are made and sent to all parts of the coun try, and on Sunday mornings the Praha broadcasting station is used by Sokol instructors, who give directions and the words of command which are em ployed In the final exhibitions. Noth ing is left to chance. That is con trary to the entire Sokol spirit. - - . ureal Allegorical r-ageani. The festivals are distinguished %ot only by mass drills and colorful pa rades, but also by an allegorical pageant. In 1932 this allegory related this radio-directed spectacle with the original Olympic festivals which In spired Doctor Tyrs. From the central stage a figure im personating the Sokol founder ex pressed his aspirations for a healthy state composed of healthy beings. Time turned back to Olympln, where such Ideals were so notably exemplified. Greek champions, warriors, priests, and poets engaged In spirited contests, and ancient Greece lived again. These representatives of antique glories then turned into lifeless statues. There was a pause, during which one could sense the loss the world suffered when the glory that was Greece be came a memory. Then the statues came to life, cast aside the drapings Of an outworn past, and appeared in the Sokol uniforms which had won new glory during the mass drills of the earlier days of the festival. The Olym pic Ideal, resurrected, took a place in practical, modern living. All classes unite in this great exhibi tion of individual health and group efficiency. Visitors here see a unified nation In concerted action. Many a Czechoslovak is getting an even greater thrill. Splendid as is the spectacle from the side lines, a part In the big game Is even more moving. Every six years a hundred thousand players, trained away from awkward ness and self-consciousness to grace and group-ccnsciousness during months or years of practice, win a rich reward for fheir efforts. Small teams of ath letes cannot attain this nation-wide spirit of co-ordination. The Sokol Fes tival Is the flower of an entire na tion's growth. During these golden days in Praha a highly industrialized and modern na tion lives in the fairyland of beauty and dreams. Where has a dream proved more practical than fhat of Tyrs, who, behind trained muscles, glimpsed clear, clean, thinking minds and the free state they were to build and serve? . Dry Tortnfii Isles The Dry Tortugas are a group of ten islets belonging to Monroe county. Florida, and situated at the extreme end of the Florida Keys. They are Qf coral formation, low and (wrtially cov ered with mangrove bushes. Fort Jef ferson is located on one of them. This fort was ? penal station during the Civil war. Doctor Mudd. who treated John Wilkes Booth after the assassina tion of President Lincoln, was confined there for a time. Railway 46 Years Building A 319-mile railway which has taken forty-eight years to plan and build, opens up the heart of Africa to com merce. Over 12,000 natives worked on the line for eleven years. Seagulls Omen of Weather Seagulls flying inland are a sign of approaching bad weather. [11550 The House on the Hudson ? OEVERAL year* ago Chief Klynn. of the United States Secret service, discovered that counterfeit i\i hills were being circulated In large quanti ties In the eastern part of the country. ilia search first led him to I'hlladel phla. but the trail was Imperfect and he returned to New York, where he finally located some of the men who were passing the bad money. A general raid In various sections led to the arrest of twenty men. most of them Italians. This was very well, as far as It went, but It did not go far enough for the detective. His desire was to find the men who were manufacturing the money, and eventually he got a clue which made him believe that the plant of the con spirators was located In a town on the Hudson river in New York state. He went there and discovered what was called. In the language of the department, a deserted house. It was not actually deserted, be cause an aged Italian and his wife were living there, and when they learned the mission of Mr. Flynn they vigor ously protested their innocence of any wrongdoing. But paper and Ink had been shipped to this town of Highland, and when he made a search of the premises he discovered dies and other tools used In the making of counterfeit money. He decided not to arrest the old couple, feeling that premature action might enable the real culprits to es cape. He returned to New York again and In the course of a few weeks man aged to get on the trail of two men who were known to be in the business of making bogus money. Salvatore Cueno and Vincent Gagho were the subjected .ones, and It did not take long to satisfy the secret service man that they were connected with the deserted house on the Hud son and knew something about the t'l bills which were being circulated in the Eastern cities. They were shadowed day and night. The chief spent bis days in his office laying his plans and his eve nings in gathering evidence. One morning one of his men called at the office and told him that the suspects knew they were being shad owed, and had been heard making threats against him. He shut his lips grimly and decided upon his plan of action. The threat which had come to him Was regarded as a challenge. Klynn accepted It. That night be started out as usual, hut Instead of pursuing his usual round of investigation he made straight for the saloon where he was likely to find the two men he was In terested In. It was the sort of thing that re quired nerve, but anyone who is ac quainted with this great detective knows that he Is not deficient In cour ?ge. The door of the place was shut and locked. He knocked on the panels and de manded admittance. The door was opened on a crack. Flynn pushed his way In. and found that the saloon was crowded with a motley assemblage of men and boys, most of whom were easily recogniz able as inhabitants of the underworld. His dramatic entrance filled them with awe. For some moments they stood there looking at him without saying a word. Before they had time to recover from their surprise he pulled a revol ver and shouted: "Hands up, everybody!" He had planned all of this before he entered the place. He knew the psychology of crowds. He knew, especially, the kind of men he would have to deal with. The result was exactly what he had anticipated. Every man In the saloon raised his hands, and the next moment a corps of assistants rushed into the place and placed the men under arrest. Among them were the two men he was after. They were taken before a United States commissioner and held for trial. When the trial took place some time later the evidence was so complete and conclusive that they were prompt ly convicted and sentenced to long terms In the penitentiary. Most of the other persons caught In the raid were released, but It Is a sig nificant fact that the manufacturing and circulation of the counterfeit bills ceased from that time. It was a clever piece of detective work. Involving keen headwork and personal courage. W.vu service. Iron Age Relics Are Found Relics of an early Iron age have been found in the caves at Ballintoy, northern Ireland, by a group of arche ologlsts under Dr. J. Wilfrid Jackson of the Manchester museum. The most remarkable and unique find was a roughly finished female figure in baked clay, which was similar to some of the clay figures of Crete and other Med Iterranean places of ancient times. A fireplace, built of large water-worn stones was unearthed at a depth of *lx feet. It was partially surrounded by a wall of similar stones. Among the worked bones were piercers and needles, including a very tine polished needle about two Inches long, with a perfectly formed eye. I Ingenious Solution of Daytime "Nap" Problem RODERTA EARLE WINDSOR. Na tional Kindergarten association, New York. The problem of the daytime nap nearly had us beaten. Our little Mol ly. Just three and a half, was so am bitious, so interested in everything and so afraid that she would miss out on something, that she just couldn't find time to sleep during the daytime. We tried all of the usual means of luring her off to a daylight | dreamland with but little success. Then one day in a children's shop 1 found *the solution to this trouble- I some problem. The solution was in the form of a little pink rayon crepe nightie. It had all the luster of crei?e de chine and was trimmed with hands of tur quoise blue. Molly loves silk and 1 had an idea that the purchase of this little nightie would l?e a good in vestment. And truly it was the be ginning of our little Molly's becoming a sweeter child. Kvery child, no matter how ambitious, needs some rest during the day in order to keep happy and well behaved. I have found the use of dainty and attractive sleeping garments a real solution to the daytime nap problem. This success is due, no doubt, in part at least, to the fact that coax as much as she might, Molly has never = been permitted to wear the daytime nighties at night. Since the little "silk" gown worked auch wonders. I have added to the daytime sleeping apparel other pretty and Interesting garments. There Is a dainty little suit of flowered batiste which is about the coolest sort of pajamas that a child can slip into af ter the bath on a hoi summer day. ! For the downy outing pajamas for winter. Molly was allowed to select j the colors she liked best. She has a I bathrobe of French blue, made of i Turkish toweling, which adds Inter j est to the afternoon bath and a spe cial pair of little bedroom slippers, for daytime use only, helped to make Molly's afternoon nap a pleasant oc casion. Molly lores these pretty things, as she loves the flowers. She is never told how pretty she is, nor encour aged to stand before the mirror. When she has done so any tendency toward self-admiration has beeo turned aside by interesting her In the garment Itself?Its color?graceful lines?the people who made it. To condition our little girl to be vain would probably bring about more ln harmony than lack of sleep, but wa have found that this is no more nec essary in the appreciation of beauti ful clothes than it is In the love of j the wonders of nature. ' Wy LISTEN IN SATURDAY If (2?5 p. m. E.S.T.) II METROPOLITAN GRAND OPERA II ftl Direct from its New York stage announced by Gtriliss /I K\ Farrar. Complete Operas... three hours ... all NBC Stations. /fl LISTERINE FOR*SORE THROAT fflg Chew for Beauty, Models Advised Rythmic chewing, combined with exercises of the head and neck, was revealed recently at New York to 2.000 models, members of the Models' Guild, as the newest beauty formula. The advice came from a well-known specialist In response to a request from the guild for Information re garding the system. A dozen exercises are included in the complete routine. The instruc tions for the one illustrated: "Start with chewing gum?one or two sticks. After a few seconds, begin the exercise by tossing the head from side to side. Then open your mouth as wide as you can. Close it gradually, and all the while endeavor to chew your gum." This exercise is designed to tone the muscles of the chin and lower Jaw. Others promote a fine neck line and beautiful cheeks. Great Profit From Tree What is probably the most valu able tree in the world Is an alligator I*?ar tree at Whlttier. Calif., which netted its owner a profit of In one year. This tree began bearing fruit In its fourth year, and in its seventh bore i>ears which sold for $1,500. while the sale of buds during the same year amounted to $1,500, making the total given above. The tree is a seedling, the seed having been planted with a quantity of other seed which had been Imported, pre sumably from Mexico. The pears weigh from eight to twelve ounces each. OLD AGE PENSION INFORMATION ENCLOSE STAMP JUDGE LEHMAN. HUMBOLDT. KANE. FILM'S VALUE. IN RECORD OF LIFE. IS BEYOND PRICE When a race or tribe dies out. the record of its habits often dies with it. There may be left buildings or pottery or drawings, if not writings, from which archeologists can piece together some picture of what these lost peoples w^re like in their daily | life. But the picture is incomplete, perhaps fragmentary. The lost races remain remote and unreal. The archeologist is now to find a new ally in the fiim?~>r, rather, arche ologists in days to come wiil find themselves served by films made in our time of peoples who are now dis appearing and who will soon be be yond record. The congress of an thropologists which has just been meeting in London has decided to set up a i*?rmanent committee to super vise the "film d.H.umentation" of races which are in danger of dying out. The committee will have two main duties. First, It will try to bring together what materials of the kind already exist?often, as they say. **in the most unlikely places, news reels, tropical film*. etc.." as a sort of cen j tral film reference library. The second duty is to send out expeditions j to places where the native inhabi i tants are in danger of disappearing or of being absorbed in other groups. | or to advise travelers visiting such i places on the way to make a film record of scientific value. One most not expect too much from the idea, attractive as it is, of sending out spe c al expeditions in search of suitable material. The committee's resources will no doubt be small, and it might \itiate the scientific value of the pic tures taken if they had to pay for them themselves by sale for popular exhibition. But there is sound work to be done on less exacting lines. One might add the suggestion that it Is not only the manners of vanishing peoples which should be recorded but the many vanishing customs of peo ples whose survival depends on their adapting themselves to new ways of life.?Manchester (Eng.) Guardian. Explanatory Rogues hate people: they have to in order to prey on them. KirfTfll PARKER'S hgpjm. hair balsam^ nSSsTON SHAMPOO? IM^TfcrnM to connection with Parker's Hair BalanmJfakm tbo hair soft snd fluffy. 60 cants by nail or at ihsa gists. Hucox Oksnucml Worts. Patdkagna. nTt. It is the Dollars . . . that circulate among ourselves, in our own community, that in the end build our schools and churches, pave our streets, lay our sidewalks, increase our farm values, attract more people to this section. Buying our merchandise in our local stores means keeping our dollars at home to work for all of us.