North Carolina Newspapers

BRISBANE^ THIS WEEK A T.u-h Old Bird Five Billions More? News of Ho;>s Submarines Wanted Amos K. R I'inchot. who has lei sure iuid tliinks, utters profound truth lonlllno t/\ ,\na i\t """"S l" "? 1 the "professors." "Capitalism is a tough old bird, that 1 will live a good f deal longer than : any of us will." Capitalism, which means government by organized dol- j lars and Industry, instead of organ ized soldiers, will [ last longer than the j present generation, longer than this century. Capitalism Ls the new financial feudalism that replaced military feu dalism. There Is no reason why It should not last as long as military feudalism lasted, many centuries. Senator Borah, one of the senate's able men, predicts that congress will sit until November 1, and that five thousand one hundred and twenty mil lions more will be appropriated for immediate spending. That would make about an even ten billions in extra ap propriation for this year. Two thousand one hundred and twenty millions of the money would pay the soldiers' bonus in "green backf." and three thousand millions would be used to take up mortgages on farms. "Hogs sell up to $10.10. best price since September. 1930." That conies from Kansas City?ten dollars and ten cents for a hog weighing one hundred pounds. That may not mean much to you; It means much to the farmers that raise hogs. It also has meaning for housekeepers that buy sausages. For some mysterious reason, when pork prices go up 10 per cent sausage prices go up 100 per cent. Rear Admiral Yates Stirling, Jr., commanding Brooklyn navy yard, says America needs long-range submarines to protect our Interests In the Pacific. Since 1918. when sweet peace re turned. wise Japan, according to Ad miral Stirling, has built 54 submarines, Including 27 of long range, each car rying six torpedo tubes, powerful guns, able to cross the Pacific and return without refueling. Japan has also a special fleet of eight submarines for placing destructive ocean mines, four of them able to operate 5.000 miles from their base. Each could place 45 bombs In the path of enemy shipping. Newell P. Sherman, choir singer. Boy Scout master, fell In love with a girl sixteen, admits that to make tils way clear he upset a canoe, throw ing the mother of his two children into the water, kept pushing her away from the boat until she sank and drowned. This young gentleman Is (1 feet 4 inches tall, hut the electric chair can doubtless be arranged to fit him. You will hope that no tender-hearted parole board will say, "He ought to have another chance." One chance to drown the mother of your two children seems enough. Rome reports Fascist excitement be cause "Japan assumes the role of Abyssinian champion." Mussolini's press says Japan sets herself up as leader of Asiatic and African peoples, "against the civiliza tion and culture of the white race." A Fascist newspaper calls Japan "the enemy of Europe and America, dreaming of world conquest." That , seems to he a keg of powder with only a spark lacking. Scientists experimenting with guinea | pigs take one or ten or a hundred guinea pigs, never all the guinea pigs at once. College professor?, union labor lead ers convinced of their ability to Invent a better government, gentlemen who believe In no government at all, and other experimenters, should select a definite number of American guinea pigs for experiment, not practice on the 130,000.1100 all at once. Miss Margaret McDermott, spinster I lady of Chicago, left $25,000 for an old splta dog. Many write to the ex ecutors saying they simply "adore ani mals," especially spitz dogs, and would like to take care of "Pet" In return for the income on $25,000. That Interests men that leave large fortunes to daughters or sons. For tune hunters from abroad are always ready to spend money left to daugh ters, and scheming ladies, foreign or native, are ready to help a young gen tleman spend his Inherited money, as recently illustrated in a certain Ryan case. ill dispatches say the Soviet's north polar flight from Moscow to San Francisco may start any day. If three Russian airmen make that 6,000-rnlle flight, nonstop, from Moscow to San Francisco successfully, Sao Francisco wltl be Interested, and Washington. D. C, ought to be Interested. The government might even Interest Bartf In bnlldlng some long distance (iSMSB Sills Tfiaftm frstfisess, les. i' Arlkar Krlilmn* National Topic* Interpreted ?11 by William Bruckart National Press Building Washington, D. C. Wash! ng t on.?President Roosevelt knows and those close to him realize that sometimes some A Laugh thing more than a Not Enough la,,Kh 18 ^Quired to kill off a rumor. That Is one of the reasons why the Presi dent Is planning If and when congress adjourns to make an extended tour of this country. He knows of rumors going about the land that his health Is not up to par and he Is taking this method of disclosing to the American people by action rather than word the answer that he Is physically fit Whoever occupies the White House Is continually subjected to whispered rumors as well as open assertions of one kind or another. Some, as In this Instance, reflect on the health of the chief executive. Others, as happened within the last quarter of a century, reflected on the personal habits and practices of the President. Still others have related In times past to personal fortunes and financial dealings of the man In the White House. Usually these ?'whispering campaigns" are of a de rogatory character. No one ever knows exactly how they start nor is it ever possible for observers to put a finger on the rumors as they float by. It is a condition that seems to be bred by prominence of the individual about whom the rumor mongers can operate because people are always Interested in what a President of the United States is doing. In the current instance the "whis pering campaign" was largely unknown to Washington until summer resort residents began returning to the city. They brought back all sorts of stories that were being circulated in distant places concerning Mr. Roosevelt's health. The gossip, for that is what it appears to be, spread like wild-fire in Washington and became of so much concern that It crept into one of the White House press conferences. "Mr. President," one of the 200 corre spondents present asked, "are you in a little bad health?" The chief executive's answer was the laugh which has endeared him to many people. He was Just back from a short cruise aboard a yacht In Chesapeake bay. His face was sun-tanned. He leaned back in his chair and demanded to know what the correspondents thought about it I think that the news dispatches from Washington that night Indicated rather clearly what the correspondents thought about the state of the President's health, for surely none of these dispatches indicated any particular alarm. Nevertheless, the rumors continued to go and a good many thousand peo ple apparently he Let People See neved that Mr. for Themeelvet Hoosevelt had bro ken under the strain of his New Deal presidency. So, be fore the summer Is over millions of Americans probably will have an op portunity to see for themselves just as the correspondents saw at the press conference that the President still has his smile; that his hair is no more gray than when he took office in 1933, and that his countenance shows no ear marks of the strtiin which every Presi dent of the United States finds an in herent part of that Job. One trip upon which Mr. Roosevelt has set his heart is a tour to the Pa cific coast and return. It will provide an opportunity for several millions of Americans to see him and a lesser number to hear him speak. It will carry him through territory which con tains probably obout lialf of the na tion's population. It is well recognized In Washington that no amount of denials by informed persons or any amount of second-hand testimony is sufficient to squelch ma licious stories of the kind that have been circulated about the President. The eye witness is the only one who is prepared to discredit such stories i and, unless present plans are revised, j the eye witnesses will he many this j summer. The President probably will j make other trips during the late fall and early winter as well. Plans for these are still in the making and their length and number depends somewhat upon the date of congressional adjourn ment The program fits well into the Roose velt methods. In the 118 months of his tenure the President has done a con siderable amount of travel. Tie has made three cruises on the yacht owned by Vincent Astor, two of which lasted more than two weeks each, lie trav eled to the east coast of Canada In June, 1933, aboard the craft, Amber Jack, and returned two weeks later aboard a nary ship. Last year, it will be rememlared, he visited Haiti, Puer to Itico, the Virgin Islands, Colombia, the Panama canal, Cllpperton island, and Hawaii. On his return from that j cruise he crossed the Northwest, mak- I lng several g|>eoches before reaching Washington. In 1933 and in 1934 he visited Warm Springs, Georgia, the colony where victims of infantile paralysis are nursed back to health and with which the President, because of his own af fliction, has had much personal con nection. In returning from the 1934 visit to Warm Springs, Mr. Roosevelt ?topped at Muscle Shoals, Norris dam, and Birmingham for personal visits to points and things which Interested him. AM of these trips have been In addition to periodical visits to bis home at Hyde Park, N. Y., and, apparently, all that he needs to add to his mileage this summer is a period of compara tive calmness in Washington. ? ? ? If superficial appearances count for anything, the administration is actu ally making moves To Reduce designed to reduce Deficit the federal trea sury's deficit. It Is yet too early to tell definitely what the plans are and administration spokes men .are strangely quiet about them but there are certain signs and por tents which may be examined in the effort to determine which way the gov ernment is headed in respect of the gigantic expenditures for public works, relief, and general government costs. While congressional committees con tinue to examine tax questions with a view to enactment of legislation that will increase federal revenue, the Pres- j ldent and his advisers have taken steps 1 to cut down the drain on the treasury. The first and probably the most 1m- j portant of these moves is the an- | nouncement that on November 1 fed eral aid to those people unable to work will cease definitely. Belief Adminis trator Hopkins announced after a con ference with the President that the j relief policy will be changed on No vember 1 and that the various states, counties, and municipalities will be expected after that date to look after that segment of the population known as the unemployables. These are peo ple who for one reason or another cannot earn their own living by work. Previously Mr. Roosevelt had direct ed his fiscal advisers to make a thor ough study of relief requirements for the fiscal year beginning Jnly 1, 1936. While this Is almost 11 months away, the President told newspaper corre spondents that he desired to know as early as possible what the burden of relief would be in the future. His an nouncement was Interpreted as having a connection with budget requirements and prospective revenue under the pro posed new tax legislation. Earlier, Public Works Administrator j Ickes had made known that the pro* pram of public works expenditures for j Improvement of the Mississippi valley i and its rivers had been abandoned. It ; will be recalled that the National Re sources board had recommended ex tensive Improvements to be carried out from public works funds in the hands of the public works administrator. These, involve vast sums. Now, it is made to appear that the PWA and the administration have in mind some restraint on expenditures of that char acter and that hereafter gigantic allot ments of a public works or improve ment character may be expected to be fewer in number. The result of this will be, of course, j to hold in the treasury some of the ! total of the $5,000,000,000 public works appropriation. Reduction of the outgo for direct re lief necessarily will be reflected in the remainder of the public works-reHef ! fund and It is reported that other plans are in the making which will have as their prospective end a restoration to private employment of greater numbers of idle workers than heretofore have been contemplated. Then, as another Indication of ad ministration intention to restore funds to the treasury and thus reduce the difference between income and ex penses was an announcement by Jesse II. Jones, chairman of the Reconstruc tion Finance corporation. Mr. Jones made known that hereafter the RFC will not make loans to banks. He de clared that the banking structure was in an excellent condition and that further aid was not required. The fact which Mr. Jones did not mention in his announcement is, how ever, that the banks are exhibiting no particular desire to borrow from the federal government. The RFC already holds preferred stock in almost half of the banks In the country and these banks, according to RFC records, are liquidating their obligations as rapidly as they can do so. This is significant ? ? ? I have reported to you previously how slowly the administration plans for spending the $5, Workg-Relief 000,0(10,000 works re Plant Drag "ef fund wore pro pressing. In connec tion with the Hopkins' announcement on relief and the President's relief sur vey order, It was disclosed that only approximately fifteen thousand persons have been given Jobs since the money was made available. This figure does not Include the additional list of re cruits for the Civilian Conservation corps whose numbers have grown from KXkOOO to 40BJ00&. It ?n he recalled that provision was made In the J.1,000, (100.000 appropriation resolution for an Increase of the CCC from 300JI00 to 600,000. Thus, In two months, the CCC has had only about one-third of the total Increase which was expected. Frankly, COC enlistments have been so disappointing that the responsible au thorities have changed the age limit In order to permit the maximum of en tries Into that service. Those In a po- , altion to know and who will speak candidly about ' conditions entertain some fear that the total ever will ap proach the 600,000 to which enlistments are restricted. New Deal Laws and the Courts By WILLIAM C. UTLEY THE New Deal has been tossing about In stormy political seas during the last few months In Its struggle to gain the shore of economic security, and has at last run aground on the Constitution of the United States, from which not iven the throwing over of billions of dollars in ballast seems likely to be able to lift It. Court decisions have been falling thick and fast, now that New Deal leg islation has had a chance to get into application, and claims against it have had a chance to find their ways to the tribunals. At one time approximate ly 400 cases involving New Deal legis lation were pending in the courts. Many of these have already been de cided upon, some by the lower courts and a few finally by the Supreme court There are about 17 of them which the concensus of the press has Imbued with more importance than all of the others. Of these cases 15 have been decided against the present ad ministration and two for it All de cisions but one were rendered sluce the beginning of the year; eight of them were Supreme court decisions, leaving the others to be appealed. Most Important of all such decisions was that which threw out virtually the entire structure of the NRA, knocking the props from. under New Deal plan ning. This left the President with three courses of action open: To build a new and better NRA, to sim ply suspend action for a while and 'let 'em see how they like it," or to campaign for an amendment to the Con stitution which would further cen tralize legislative power to aid the ad ministration in coping with changing social and economic conditions. For a while it looked as if the Presi dent's policy was to be a combination of all three, but of late weeks the third has emerged more and more clearly. What has led up to the pres ent state may be followed through a resume of the important cases which have been decided by Federal District courts and the Supreme court Test New Deal Legislation. The first judicial straw which indi cated the way the storm winds were blowing was the decision of the Su preme court on January 7 of this year, when it declared unconstitutional Sec tion 9c of the National Industrial Re covery act. It was the first real test of the legitimacy of New Deal legisla tion and blasted high hopes held out by administration leaders that It would be upheld. The court rnled that the Executive had been given legislative powers which were uncalled for, that proper rules had not been laid down for his guidance. The section had conferred upon the President the power to pro hibit the transportation over state lines of oil which had been produced in excess of state quotas; the power was denied. Hailed as a victory for the New Deal was the decision (5 to 4) of the Supreme court in upholding the gold clause cases, rendered February 18. While the decision upheld New Deal action of denying the gold payment obligation, the opinions of the Justices were in several cases severe rebukes. In this instance there were three issues at stake. The first resulted from congressional action In setting aside the obligation In private con tracts to pay interest or principal In gold, or other specific coin or currency. The action was sustained by the ma jority of five, who confirmed decisions of lower courts that "congress had power to adopt the. Joint resolution with respect to these obligations of railroad companies and hence that the gold clauses could not be enforced and the bonds were payable In legal tender I currency." From the court of claims came the second Issue, which Involved the holder of a federal gold certificate who claimed that he should be paid ac cording to the terms of the gold obliga tion or Its equivalent. In this case the court simply said that the plaintllf had not been able to show any actual dam ages, so the court of claims had no right to entertain the case in the first place. Much the same was the third Issue, also up from the court of claims, ln Tolvlng the holder of a liberty bond who wanted his payment In gold. And here the court made a peculiar de cision. It rather hinted that New Deal legislation was unconstitutional. CHART OF NEW DEAL'S COURSE IN COURTS (Supreme Court decisions are shown In black type.) For New Deal. t Government gold clause cases up held. TV A declared constitutional, re versing decision of lower court. Against New Deal. See. 9c of NRA (President's power to prohibit interstate transport of oil In excess of state quotas) de clared unconstitutional. Sec. 7a of NRA declared void when applied to companies not en gaged In Interstate commerce. Government power to regulate wages In bituminous coal industry denied. Right of PWA to condemn land for slum clearance In Kentucky de nied. Again denied by Cincinnati court. NIRA lumber code held Invalid. Right of states to form NRA di visions voided in some states. Steps for stabilizing milk Indus try declared unconstitutional. Railroad retirement act held in valid. Whole NIRA ruled unconstitu tional. Frazler-Lemke farm moratorium act voided. President stripped of power to re move federal officers. PWA power loans voided. Kerr-Smith tobacco act voided. AAA processing tax ruled out. Hog processing tar from packers voided. Composite Score. For New Deal: 2. Against: 15. but refused to do anything about It. The dictums of the court said: "We hold that the joint resolution of June 5, 1933, so far as It attempted to over ride the obligation of the United States created by the bond In suit, Is Invalid. It went beyond the constitu tional authority of congress. But we hold that the action is for breach of contract and that the plaintiff has failed to show cause of action for actual damages. Hence the court of claims could not entertain the suit." About the same time a Federal court In Louisville, Ky., denied that the PWA had the right to condemn land for slum clearance. A Cincinnati court did the same. Another court held the lumber codes of the NBA unconstitutional. In some states, state courts threw out state recovery acts which were designed to complement the national one. Labor Relations. Government power to regulate labor relations anywhere in the country, based on the constitutional statement that congress shall have power to "reg ulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states and with the Indian tribes," was discarded by Judge John Percy Nlelds in the Fed eral District court at Wilmington, Del., In Wierton Steel company case. Another jolt for NRA. Another blow to NRA labor rela tions was an injunction granted by Federal District Judge Charles Irvin Dawson at Louisville to 35 soft coal operators, relieving them from the rigors of NRA minimum wage require ments. Federal District Judge W. L Grubb in Birmingham took a pot shot at the TVA when he declared that $1,000,000, 000 experiment unconstitutional, claim ing that the federal government had no right to compete with private business in any state. This was, of course, di rected at the "TVA yardstick." It was a New Deal defeat which was turned into a victory when Judge Grubb's decision was reversed by the Circuit Court of Appeals in New Or leans. A shadow of the destrnctlon that was to come to the AAA processing tax was cast when the Supreme court on Starch 4 voided the plans of the New Deal for stabilization of the milk In dustry In New York. In May the Supreme court deliv ered three death blows to the New Deal. One was the decision which voided the Railroad Retirement act la another case the court pat a for ther crimp In President itooseveu s power by denying him the right to re move a federal officer from office. The President had sought to remove Wil liam E. Humphrey from the Federal Power commission. And Another Blow. The third blow, the one that left even Franklin D. Roosevelt speechless (for a while) was the decision In the Sehechter poultry case. The decision was all the more crushing because it was unanimous. In delivering the court's opinion Chief Justice Hughes declared definitely that all of the code making provisions were an unconstitu tional transfer of legislative powers from congress to the President and others who had no constitutional right to them. About the codes, Chief Jus tice Hughes said: ". . . Section 3 (XRA) of the Re covery act is without precedent. It supplies no standards for any trade, industry or activity. It does not un dertake to prescribe rules of conduct to be applied to particular states of fact to be determined by appropriate ad ministrative procedure. Instead of prescribing rules of conduct, it author izes the making of codes to prescribe them. " . . We think that the code-mak ing authority thus prescribed is an unconstitutional delegation of legisla tive power." About the power of the federal gov ernment to regulate local wages and working hours the chief justice said: "Without in any way disparaging (the administration's) motive, it is enough to say that the recuperative efforts of the federal government must be made in a manner consistent with the authority granted by the Constitu tioa "We are of the opinion that the at tempt through provisions of the code to fix the hours and wages of em ployees of defendants in their infra state business was not a valid exercise of federal power." Hits Processing Tax. On July 10 the Circuit Court of j Appeals at Boston declared that the | processing tax of AAA was an unwar- | ranted use ef the taxing power to reg- \ ulate and restrict cotton production; I that it was an unwarranted exercise of federal power to delegate unlimited power to the secretary of agriculture to administer the tax, and that the tax violates the requirement that taxes should be uniform throughout the United States. In Philadelphia a lower ! court ruled much the same on the hog processing tax from packers. The j whole agricultural program was "thrown up for grabs." It is now believed that the adminis tration will seek to push ns many of these test cases through the Supreme count as possible, with the view that if they are there held to be unconstl- j tutlonal, constitutional amendment to j centralize the legislative power of the nation much more than it is now will form the important part of the Demo cratic platform for 1930. That this Is possible might be indicated by the fact that 3,500.000 farmers who have so far received SilOO.OOO.OOO, are directly af fected by the AAA ruling. With their i families, they might form a very sub stantial block of votes to change the basic law of the land. One historian, Charles A. Beard, points out that three times before has the Supreme court "thrown itself resolutely acro3s currents of powerful interests and ideas." Once was in the Dred Scott case, with its aftermath , of the Civil war, and later the Thir teenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments, effecting important changes in the federal system. An other was the court's attempt during and after the Civil war to restrain the President and congress in several de cisions ; its result was a curtailment of the appellate jurisdiction of the court and an increase in the number of justices from seven ft nine (the two new ones to be favorable to the re versal of a decision which the admin istration wanted reversed, and the court reversed it). On the third time the court In 1S95 declared invalid the Income tax law of 1804. The decision was reversed by amendment Of course there Is some question 1 as to whether a parallel can be drawn between these decisions and the recent Iones against the New DeaL If such a parallel can be drawn: Will history repeat Itself? C Wstsl Stvwaev Ualoa. The Supreme Court of the United States. IMPROVED UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL Sunday i chool Lesson By REV. P. B. FITZWATER. D. n Member of Faculty, Moody Bible" Institute of Chicago. Western Newspaper Union. Lesson for August 4 J03IAH LESSON TEXT?n Kings 22:1-5, jj. II. , GOLDEN TEXT?Thou ahalt wo.-shlp the Lord thy God, and htm only nh?it thou serve.?Matthew 4:10. PRIMART TOPIC?When a King Read the Bible. JUNIOR TOPIC?When a King Used the Bible. INTERMEDIATE AND SENIOR TOP. IC?Things That Keep God Out. YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULT TOP IC?What Our Religion Owea to Re formers. I. Joaiah, a Godly Young King (II Kings 22:1, 2). "He did that which was right In the sight of the Lord, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left" About one hundred years elapsed between the reformation under Hezekiah and that of Joslah. Sometime during this pe riod the Book of God's Law had been lost Two wicked kings had reigned In this Interval. It was Incumbent upon the king to have the Law of God at bis command and faithfully to read It A country's highest well-being can only be attained when It has godly rulers, and rulers and people not only read the Bible,'but order their lives and con duct according to Its teachings. Not until rulers and people return to God and conform their lives to the stand ard of his Word can we hope for return of permanent prosperity. II. The Book of the Law Found (II Kings 22:3-i0). 1. The occasion (w. 3-8).,- It was while restoring the temple during Jo slah'8 administration that the Law was found. In clearing out the dark cor ners to make repairs and to find a place to store the subscriptions made by the people, many lost things were found. 2. The Book read before the king (vv. 9, 10). Upon making a report of the work to the king, Shaphan in formed him of the finding of the Book of the Law of the Lord, and he read the Book before the king. III. The Effect of the Reading of the Law Upon the King (II Kings 22:11 20). 1. He rent his clothes (v. 11). As the Law was read before him he was led to realize the awful extent of the nation's departure from God. The rending of the royal robes Indicated the king's penitence and sorrow. 2. The king gent a deputation to make Inquiry of the Lord (vv. 12-20). He Included himself In the guilt before God (v. 13). His sense of sin was so keen that he sent to Inquire of the Lord as to whether there was any means of diverting the divine judgments. 3. The message, of Huldah the prophetess (vv. 15-20). a. Confirmation of what the Law said (vv. 15-17). She said that all the curses written In the Law must fall, for the sins had been so flagrant that God's wrath could not be restrained. It was not too late, upon repenting, to obtain mercy from God, but outward consequences of sin must be realized. b. Acceptance of Joslah's repent ance (vv. 18-20). Because of his ten derness of heart and deep penitence, the Lord said he was to be gathered to his grave In peace and should thus es cape all the evil brought on Jerusalem and Its people. What Huldah said was true, even though Josiah died in battle (H Chron.. 35:22-25). IV. The Reformation Instituted by Josiah (11 Kings 23:1-25). L The king read the Law (w. 1, 2). He gathered together the Inhabitants of Jerusalem, including the priests Levites, and elders and read unto them the Law. What a happy scene it would be If the President of the United States would call the representatives of the people together to hear God's law read. 2. The king made a covenant before the Lord (v. 3). In this covenant he pledged himself: a To walk before the Lord. Tills meant that he would get personally right with God. b. To keep God's commandments his testimonies and his statutes. This obedience was to be a beart obedience c. To perform the words pf covenant which were written in this Book. The king not only entered into this sincere ly but caused all who were present tc "stand to" it. 3. The king took away the abomina tlons (vv. 4-20). He not only broke down the places of idolatrous worship but slew the priests who officiated at the altar. 4. The Passover kept (vv. 21-23). So fully and heartily did they enter lnt<" this reformation that this Passover wn? unlike any that had been held since the days of the judges. 5. Workers of the occult driven out (vv. 24, 25). All the days of the kin? they departed not from following after the Lord. Payment The universe pays every man In his own coin; if you smile, it smiles upon you in return; If you sing, you will be invited into gay company; if you think, you 'will be entertained by thinkers; and if you love the world and earnestly seek for the good that is therein. It will pour into your lap the treasures of the earth.?Elmer R. Murphey. Reputation How many people live on the repu tation of the reputation they might *ave made.?O. W. Holmes.