Newspapers / The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, … / March 8, 1945, edition 1 / Page 2
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U. Y Mate uept. ieeKs to Bring Diplomacy in Open Assistant Secretary MacLeish Resolved to Inform People of United Nations Dickers Ings; Plans to Develop Public Interest. By BAUKHAGE Ntwt AnalyU and Commentator. WNT Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. By the time these lines are In print the biggest publicity Job for the big gest institution the world has ever planned will probably have been launched by the heretofore least publicity minded department of the government?the state depart ment. It is a "build up" for the meeting of the United Nations to be held in San Francisco, April 35. I am writing this a few minutes after returning from the office of the man who is planning the program, Archibald MacLeish, assistant sec retary of state. The location is Journalistically fa miliar to me and it lies nearby. Only one block, then across Lafayette park, across Pennsylvania avenue and then along almost another block of to-me very familiar marble cor ridor. I have had many interviews in that ancient, impressive rococco state department building, but nev er one in which a member of the staid and conservative institution stuck his neck out farther and with such abandon. MacLeish is the fa ther of the plan I mentioned?the plan to tell the country, by means of every available publicizing medi um, what the international gather ing on the Pacific coast is all about. Assistant Secretary MacLeish has announced ay his creed, "no for eign policy can succeed in these days unless it has the full understanding and support of the people." Mi stage tor Open Covenant* To put hii word* Into deed* he has planned a program which will act the stage at San Francisco (or "open covenant* openly arrived at," that theory, so noble in its concep tion, which Wood row Wilson pro claimed but found himself unable to put into effect when it came to for eign affairs. MacLelsh has gone all the way out on a very tenuous limb and he realizes where it will leave him if the meeting in San Francisco crawls into a cavern of secrecy and pulls the cavern in after it "Foreign relations" are tradi tionally established and carried on by diplomatists who are trained to work in the dark. Like mules in mines, they probably would not be able to see the most persuasive ar gument If it were displayed in the light of pitiless publicity. And, it Is freely admitted, it would be highly impractical to carry on all interna tional relations in front of a news reel camera and in earshot of press and radio. One doesn't wash one's linen, soiled or otherwise, in public and the board of directors doesn't meet in the presence of the stock holders. cut macueisn Deueves mere can ba ? compromise and ha is going to risk the unpleasant reaction that might take place if it fails. He is going to insist that the dignified and discreet state department use up to-the-minute press agent methods to prepare the people for the San Francisco meeting. And then, if the meeting goes underground on them it will Just be too bad, MacLelsh "Re public is already keenly In terested. Hundreds of organizations have besieged the department with questions, demands for material for debate and discussion, explanation, interpretation. Schools, churches, labor unions, business associations all want information en what really happened at Dumbarton Oaks, Te heran, Yalta?and what's next. With a pretty good idea of what the public wants to know the state department is preparing a set of out lines an such topics as: "War: how can we prevent itt"(the main pur pose el the UN) "Prosperity: how can we attain itT" (that takes hi the economic plans such as the mone tary program agreed upon at Bret ton Woods, the function of the pro posed international economic coun oil, credit for reconstruction . , .) Another topic, "Social Progress: how can we work for ItT" win ex plain the various programs foi health and education which haw been discussed here and elsewhere There are other documents includ tng a short explanation in simph language of exactly what eras a greet upon at Dumbarton Oaks and la U ba discussed at the San Prancisce There will be other forma of pub licity through the press and radio and a movie picture projecting the story of the United Nations some 30 years into the future, showing how it Is hoped that the organization will lit into the world of tomorrow. Commamcatioru Broaden Inter** By the time the San Francisco meeting begins its deliberations it would be fair to assume that the general public will have heard enough about its purpose to have considerable curiosity concerning what goes on at the negotiations. In other words, it will become "must" news and press and radio will ham mer loudly on any doors that are closed too long. Mr. MacLeish's theories will have an excellent op portunity for a very thorough test. If the doors don't open he will be decidedly on lhe spot. The reason he insists on this bold, frontal attack on the "open cov enants" problem is because he be lieves the world is confronted with a condition and not a theory. "Modern electrical communica tion," he says, "has In fact created the Parliament of Man about which Tennyson dreamed." "It is possible to dislike the Par liament of man," he explains. "There are those who do dislike it? who would like to return to the old system of foreign relations conduct ed exclusively through the chancel leries in secret codes. But It Is im possible to Ignore that the Parlia ment of Man is now convened in continuous session, thanks to public channels of communications, without rules of order, limitations of de bate, or privileges of the bouse and those who refuM to take account of its proceedings may wake and find that those proceedings have taken no account of them." Of course, the press has been fighting to achieve just such a kind at free news sources as MacLeish is talking about. They almost had to push back bayonets to get within shouting distance of the internation al food conference at Hot Springs which produced UNRRA; they havs fought and occasionally won, for a slackening of the censorship on war news. But I attended a luncheon not long ago when MacLeish out lined his theories and I saw more than one mouth go down in cynical doubt of his possible success. He is aware of this feeling, aware of the pressure of tradition and of habit, but he intends to go ahead. And one thing that gives him more aid and comfort than anything else is the widespread and happy admis sion that the report on the Yalta conference was so much more frank and detailed than anybody had dared hope. Perhaps MacLeish's neck is not out too far, after all. writ 01 ine greatest aimcuitles which any governmental Institution meets In deciding on a course of action which doesn't have to be sub mitted to an actual vote either of the people or of congress, is an abil ity to Judge public opinion. Fre quently, the tendency is "when In doubt leave out." The army pursued that policy In regard to the acceptance of Negro nurses for a long time. Finally, ei ther by force of necessity or good guessing, it ruled that Negro nurses were eligible. A few weeks later along came the results of a poll taken by the National Opinion Research Center of the University of Denver? 4 nonpartisan, noncommercial or , ganhatlon whose reputation is high among the professional poll-takers. It confirmed the army's Judgment by revealing that the majority of i those white, civilian adults, men and ? women, young and old, rich and ? poor, in cities, towns and rural ? areas, questioned, said "yea" to the ? following question: "If you wars sick in a hospital, would it be all right with you if you ? had a negro nurse, or wouldn't you r Uke ltT" i The majority?SI per cent said "yes," 1 per cent was "undecided." ? Of the "yeseers," t par cant said if i they had a choice, they would take I a white woman. Only 4 out of 10 i southerners said "yea," which seems > strange since so many of them bad "mammies." BARBS ... by Baukhag* ? i The supply of German wines has been reduced 17 par cant. That may ba Just propaganda to ksap tba O.I.s out of tha country. ? a ? Tha Nazis say that Marshal Pa tain, now In a southern German town, displays "an undiminished anility at mind," but probably too Ftohyatod to leap back Into French The WPB offers to help out farm srs who need lumber (Or emergency maintenance and repair. And they need It these days when all you can get off the old block la a chip, see Id a little over one weak In Febru ary. 4M applications to hold coo restions were turned down by OCT. Showing bow the war haa made the country unrisnsantlnwal Philippine Capital Set Afire ? : i Fires that mar continue (or weeks have been set on Luzon island, j In the city of Manila, a large part of the city win be in rnins before the American forces can get the flames under control. Many of the Japs are still hiding in the city, setting new Ares in various locations. Capture Nazi Guns in Germany Three American soldiers carry captured German runs and ammuni tion near Gnnenlcb, Germany, to test Are and familiarize themselves with enemy weapons. Left to right, Pfe. Paul L. Knmler, Duncannon, Pa., Pfe. Lawrence A. Totsky, Mayfield, Pa., and Pfe. Stnart L. Rouse, Kins ton, N. C. They report American weapons superior to captured ones. Tests made in the United States with some of these runs proved them inferior in operation to the newer types of American runs. Roosevelt Meets With Royalty 9 President ImmyiK ku ? friendly tele with Klnf Farook, (ia ad miral aafform), ri Egypt, aboard a D. 8. warship near Cairo, aad with Hallo Solaislo 1, emperor of Ethiopia. The resaM of the Big Three con ference was oxpiaiaed to these roMrs. Other visits were sehedaled by the ft mid sat before his retara to the Halted Stetes. lhis big lhree Also Met?Japs Ate. Marc A. Mltscher ui Ate. Chaster W. NIbMb, whs teak part la tha Alraattec af ths terastea aI Iws Jtaaa. Rlfht thaws Maj. Gen. Keller K. Kaakar^yiTftete Ahaah. Vs.^ eae. waaklms ^ Patch Wins Honor Lt. Gen. Alexander Patch, eom mander of the 7th army, Is shown after being decorated bj Gen. Charles de Gaulle with the cordon of a Commander of the Legion of Hon or and Croix de Gnerre with palm, at Saverne, Alsace, France. Boy Spy Gets Life Karl Arno Ponzeler, 18, a Hitler youth leader, is shown as his sen tence of death as a spy was changed to life imprisonment. Lt. Gen. Courtney Hodges changed the sen tence. King Attends Meet King Iba Sand of Saudi, Arabia, Is shown aboard an American warship, anchored at Great Bitter Lake, Egypt, when President Roosevelt was host to three kings during a halt there after the conference at Yalta. Emperor Selassie and King Farouk were also present. Given Two Honors Comdr. Harold E. SUssea, former Repobtiean coventor of Mianeaota, who waa aamed by Preaideat Rooae Telt to Ike Halted Nattooa eoafereaee at 8aa Fraaetaeo. He waa reeeatly decormtod for hia aaral work. - Washington, D. C. PLANS FOB PACIFIC WAB It has all been kept very hush hush, but top army officials have made a vitally important decision on war production after Germany's defeat. Original war production schedules called for a 40 per cent cutback after Germany caves in, permitting a vast reconversion program and the early production of automobiles, refrigerators, radios and other goods. However, the army plus WPBig wigs have now decided to keep the war machine rolling full tilt, not cut ting back any but a few items until Japan is defeated. Behind tfc- dcejgj0D [, u important new plan to speed victory in the Pacific. Confi dential war department surveys disclosed that it would take over a year to return European veterans, together with their equipment, much of it geared for winter rather than tropical fighting. Allied shipping short ages would make It a long Job to crate, sort, repair and re ship heavy equipment from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In addition, the army survey dis closed that a lot of European equip ment will be obsolete for Pacific fighting; would have to be rebuilt, taking valuable time. Instead, the new plan calls for bringing the men back at once, issuing them new equipment specifically designed for Far Eastern combat. Later, the army will bring back overseas war gear and use it for Pacific replace ments. This should speed final blows against Japan, and shorten the Far Eastern war by many months. As a result, 1945 production sched ules will probably be a billion dol lars higher than those of 1944. The war department, which had a pile of telegrams two feet high cancel ing war contracts to be sent out the day Germany is licked, has now culled through them and may only cancel a few dozen orders. MaeARTHUR AND MARINES The boys in the Pacific long have known about the rivalry between General MacArthur and the U. S. navy. Many are the wisecracks about MacArthur and the U. S. ma rines, land army of the navy. How ever, in only one case so far as is known, has MacArthur ever come up against one of these jokes face to face. It happened on one of the Philip pine islands a few days after it was taken and when MacArthur was in specting a battery of marine artil lery. Solemnly, he passed from gun to gun, making no comment. Then suddenly as he came to one gun, he turned on the marine lieu tenant in command and let loose the most terrific dressing-down that young officer ever had received. The air was smoky with expletives. The lieutenant at first stood be wildered. The gun was carefully polished. Everything was in place. Then he looked a little closer. Be side the gun an enlisted man had placed a sign. It read: "With the help of God and a few marines, MacArthnr retakes the Philip pines." The lieutenant thought at first that he would be busted. But several days passed and nothing happened. He is now back in the United States and the story can be told. INSURANCE LOBBY The insurance lobby is headed for trouble regarding its bill to exempt insurance companies from the Sher man anti-trust act. If the lobbyists aren't careful they will get a White House veto. TVs- Kill j,uc urn ^asscu me senate in & , form which met with all-round ap proval. But in the house, the in surance lobby sharpened its ax and quietly tacked on some amendments which will not be acceptable either j to the White House or, probably, to ; a majority of the senate. Chief et feet of the amendments was to make i it impossible to revive the anti-trust i act regarding insurance companies, i without a special act of congress, j Fair-minded Senator O'Mahoney of Wyoming, who was quite willing to give the insurance companies a i reasonable compromise, will fight j this extra grab to the end. So will a great many of his colleagues. ? ? ? CAPITAL CHAFF I C General Franco's controlled Span ish press has been using the same propaganda line as Hitler regard ing the recent Big Three conference. C Despite the fact that American i diplomatic relations with Lithu ania hang by a thread, the Lithu anian delegation celebrated Lithu anian Independence Day even after the Big Three conference. C The war department's G-I or military intelligence is being re organized again, partly as a result of failures to spot Nazi troop concen trations preparing for the bulge at tack. C The Mexico City confab is the most sorrowful Pah-American con ference in history for Dr. Leo S. Rowe, benign, longtime director of the Pan American union. This is the first important Pan-Am parley held outside the confines of his union. Dr. Rowe says: "I cannot speak, but my heart is running ?t ? 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They have bad mote than half ? nsatarj of puMie approval. Are WW ?swdsd ky grateful oasis sv?i # ?!?. Aft year a sight sr/ LAiillUBuli
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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March 8, 1945, edition 1
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