Newspapers / The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, … / April 26, 1945, edition 1 / Page 2
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Conference Irons Out World Air Problems Future of Commercial Flying Depends on 'Freedom of Air' Pacts, Allowing Planes To Fly and Land Anywhere. By BAUKHAGE Newt Analyst and Commentator. 1 1 1 Baukhage has mad* a ttudy of thai highly Important question: Freedom of the Air. Th* air transport command, with the help of the American aviation industry, has huilt up the greatest international aerial communication system in history. Military and civilian experts alike admit that this tremendous system that links the globe from Arctic to Antarctic and around the world is tha result of the "know how," imagination, energy and initiative which have made this nation what it is today. How shall the arts of wartime communication be woven into the expansion of American trade development in the peace to cause? Baukhage sets forth some of the loading military and civilian aviation opinions in this series of two articles, appearing as UN CIO (United Notions Council on International Organisation) opens in San Francisco. I Some time after V-Day, when the forcea of the occupation are with drawn and the world once more set tles back to peace, the greatest in ternational air transport system which was ever built will largely cease to be. That system, the Air Transport Command of the U. S. army, criss-crosses the western hemisphere from Nome in Alaska to Rio de Janeiro; from Iceland to Panama City. It stretches eastward across the Atlantic, laces Europe and Africa, reaches India and then swings around the globe by way of Australia, through Honolulu to the Pacific coast. Over the ATC's more than a hun dred and fifty landing fields, the American flag now flies. Big planes travel the routes at the rate of 51 million miles a month, which is equal to 70 trips around the world at the equator every 34 hours. From the flagpoles on most of those bases, the Stars and Stripes will be lowered after the world has returned to peace. And strange as it may seem, the thing that worries the friends of commercial aviation most la not so much whether Old Glory flies free ever those bases, as whether the air over them and the rest of the world is free to the extent that American planes will have aocess to those and other bases over the globe. We have achieved freedom of the aeas. Why can't we have freedom of the air, toot I carried that question right into the Pentagon building to the office of one of the AAF officers whose job includes worrying over that lm portant question. He Is William .Mitchell, lieutenant colonel, United States army air force, assistant ex AMiiiua. tha n.al.is.i asnrsinn. Af war (or air. Thia waa his answer (Colonel Mitchell made it clear that ha was expressing hia personal views and was not speaking (or the war department, but he stated that his opinions were shared by many other members o( the air stiff): "Conflicts over artificial barriers on intercourse by sea," he said, "used to be a (ertile breeding ground for wars. But (or 200 years vessels o( any nation have been able to trav el the oceans in peacatime without international supervision, and as a result, this source of international conflict has disappeared." It he had stopped there I might have left his office tee ling quite re assured. But that was only the be ginning. Each Country Raits Tht Airways Abovs It The analogy between (reedom ot the sea and (reedom ot the air, it seems, is an attractive one but it wont bold water. "An airplane does not merely touch the coast ot a country," the colonel explained, "It may penetrate into the remotest interior. Ac cordingly It has become (airly well established that a nation has Juris diction over the airspace above its land to the same extent that it has Jurisdiction over the land itself. The result Is that, in the absence ot agreement between countries, no plane may croaa a foreign border. The air is not tree, it is dosed." American ambition doesn't like to be fenced in and already we have mapped a pattern of air routes we'd like to establish when peace comes. Those routes will encircle the globe. Our own civil aeronautics board is in the process ot holding hearings to determine which carriers will be certified to fly these routes. But the certifiestes issued, says Colonel Mitchell, "will be mere scraps of paper unless other coun tries consent to operations by Unit ed States carriers." Arrival at such common consent is in the making today, and has been greatly advanced since the state do partment called the conference In Chicefo last November. Represent aatives of 62 countries met. At the last minute the Soviet Union dropped out, but certain basic agree ments were reached. This confer ence Colonel Mitchell calls "the civ il air part of the peace settlement" because It provided "in the main convention which was prepared, a proposed international organization which might, with respect to air matters within its competence di rectly affecting world security, en ter into appropriate agreements with any general organization set up by the nations to preserve peace." Colonel Mitchell believes "that the degree, or lack of it, to which the world can be linked by aviation will be an important element in deter mining whether the nations of the world can be brought together in peaceful understanding." Preliminary Agreements Made at Chicago Meeting Now, what did the Chicago confer ence achieve? After considerable discussion in which there were sharp differences of opinion, the conference prepared two multilateral agreements on commercial operations which wefe separate from the main convention and which any country was free to sign if it wished. They are con cerned with the "live freedoms of the air" which will be taken up in detail in a later article. They are (1) the right to fly over a country (2) the right to land for non-traffic purposes (3) the right to disembark passengers, mail and freight from the country of origin of the aircraft (4) the right to embark traffic for the country of origin and (3) the right to do business along the way. Rn^aiiaa nil tka sAiintvlaa not prepared to accept all the free dom!, a choice waa provided. One agreement offered, between the sig natory countriea, merely the first two freedoma. That ia right to fly over the country and the right of non-traffic atop, which meana per mission to atop at an airport for refuelling and such purposes. The other grants all five freedoms, but the fifth could be denied by any country on proper notice to other contracting countries. At the time this ia written the "Two-Freedoms" agreement has been signed (but not definitely ac cepted) by 34 countriea, accepted by four (including the United States. Canada, the Netherlands and Nor way). The "Five Freedoma" agreement has been signed but not definitely accepted by 31 countries; definitely accepted by two, including the Neth erlands (without the fifth freedom) and the United States. The main work of the conference waa the writing of a convention on International Civil Aviation and In terim Agreement which will set up an international organization. The conference also recommended a model form of agreement on com mercial services to be used in bi lateral negotiations. "The work of the Chicago confer ence." said Colonel Mitchell, 'is merely a blueprint for further ac tivity A start has been made, but, like Dumbarton Oaks, much remains to be dona." Further details of soma of the problems involved and the attitudes revealed ia negotiations so tar will be aat forth in a second article ap pearing next weak. ? ? ? Australia's famous Empire Air Training' Scheme, which provided airmen for Britain, has ended. Ten thousand trained Aussies were promised, IS,OW provided. Of them, more than 6,000 have been killed, 3,000 are missing, 1,000 are prison ers. i BARBS . . . by Baukhage The April quota of new automo biles la IS per cent below the March figure?1,500 as compared with 2,000. ? ? ? Japan Junked its old and only po litical party and created a new one called the Political Association Of Great Japan. The old one was called tha "Imperial Rule Assist ance Political Party." What's hi a name, HirshitoT It looks as If one of the worst pieces of misuse of labor unions Is going to be smashed when congress gets through with one "Czar" Petril> lo, head of the AFL musicians' union. It all started as a children's crusade whan Petrillo banned all school orchestras and bands from the networks but it has tamed Ma a more to atop a violation of the bill Territory Affected by Russ-Nip 'Falling Out* With Buili'i denunciation of her neutrality pact with Japan, hostili tiea may break ont in the area pictured on the above map. Should hostilities start, some of Japan's better troops that garrison Manchuria to protect key war industries will faeo Siberian forces of equal if not superior strength. While Russia possesses strategic advantages in the air, Vladivostok and the Siberian maritime provinces are exposed to iso lation by quick Jap thrusts. * President Truman and Family President Barry S. Truman, Mrs. Truman and daughter Margaret are shown during the ceremony when President Truman took oath to become the S3rd President of the United States, Why Waste Boypower? Use Waterpower That's what this farm boy ia the TJharrle mountains at North Caro lina thinks as ha oses his homemade backet-toter to get some water tram a spring several haadrod yards dowa the hill. When the backet reaches the spring, metal weights wired to backet Up eanse it to Ult over sad in. Then the boy winds the backet back ap the bin with the coo rertod aato wheal. I Argentina Subscribes to Chapultepec Pact AMf? ?. Cairo, ArreeUee's rtprfSHUtlre la Mexico City, rim tk* thmky 2Sm?*wit?afl? ^^eUrtst - ?**??? rotaltau tm Mexico, White House Mourns Above photo show* the White House liar >t half mast, followinf the sodden death of President Roose velt. Lower photo, the President's cottage at Warm Springs, where President Roosevelt suddenly passed away. Pappy Helped ^ Henry Bnsh, eight-year-old son of Lt. Com. and Mrs. B. H. Bnsh of San Francisco, Calif., prondly dis plays this big bonito he landed off Ocraeoke island, North Carolina. Of coarse his papny helped a little, too. The bonito is a relative of the mack erel, and sometimes comes in close to land. . ~*.7: ?? I ?, Yank Looks at Coblenz A lone American soldier <U the Third srmy looks at a wrecked trol ley car in treat of a damaged cathe dral la the ancient city of Coblcnz. This historic Shine bastion fen be fore the irresistible drive of the Third army et Lt. Gen. George Pat ton. Senator Entertains "Baby Senator* Niffct," la the Na tional Proa dab, WasUnften, D. C-, mark* the ln4??tilaaU?n of new ARMY AND MEAT BHOBTAGE. It happened behind cloaed door*, I but a lot of housewives would have | relished being present wt*o Cong. Clinton Anderson's special food com mittee quizzed an array of Wash | ington bigwigs. A lot of star witnesses were pres ent, but the army, represented by | Maj. Gen. Carl Hardigg of the quar termaster corps, chiefly took it on the chin. War Food Chief Marvin Jones started the ball rolling when he pro duced figures showing that last year, when meat was plentiful, the army gummed up the works by failing to take anywhere near the quantity al located to it. In the fourth quarter of 1944, the army had asked for one and a quarter billion pounds of meat. Actually, the army took half a billion pounds less. That, according to the closed door testimony, was the chief reason why ration points on meat were dropped last year and the housewives got'a windfall. The pub lic then got back to the habit of eat ing meat. But today, with meat far less plentiful, the army has ordered even more than allocated to it last yew General Hardigg was unable to satisfy the congressmen as to why the army failed to .take up its meat last year, or at least failed to put it in cold storage for later use. Had this been done, army demands would now be much smaller. Gen eral Hardigg, qleo- was asked to re port back to, congress on meat con sumption per soldier in the Brit ish army, also In the Russian army. Congressmen also asked Har digg to report on how much meat was consumed by U. S. troops over seas, as cortoared with that con sumed by troops in the United States. RELAXED MEAT INSPECTION One proposal to ease the meat shortage is to abolish federal in spection in small local slaughter houses. These slaughterers have to pass state Inspection anyway, and most of them are thoroughly reputable. But to sell inter-state they must pass fed eral Inspection, so many now sen only within state limits. This is one reason why cattle-raising states are experiencing no meat shortage today. General Hardlgg, however, sat on the idea of relaxing fed eral Inspection. He argued that federal Inspection must con tinue. War Food Chief Jones and War Moblliser Vinson were not Impressed with Hardigg's argu ment. "I never tasted federally in spected meat until I was in my 20s," scoffed Texas-bred Jones. "Out in Kentucky we did all right without federally inspected meat," Vinson agreed. "I never had it until I was out of my teens." Representative Anderson of Al buquerque, N. M., chairman of the committee, then took General Har digg to task for the army's system of poultry buying. "Out my way, where we've got plenty of meat," Anderson said, "the army isn't interested in buying poultry. Here in the East, where meat is scarce, you're taking all the poultry. Why not spread your poultry buying so that in areas where the public has a hard time getting meat it can at least get a little poultry." He pointed out that the army is taking 100 per cent of the poultry in the Delmarva area ? Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. Vinson supported Anderson, telling Hardigg: "Try to work that out with the war food administration. Gen eral." ? ? ? SEVENTEEN SWORD WOUNDS. INSIDE JAPAN. ? The Jap high command ordered 15 divisions out of Siberia a month ago to defend the Japanese homeland. . . . But since the Russians denounced their neu trality pact, the Japs are frantical ly scouring the country for more troops to bolster the Russo-Japa nese frontier. . . . During the Stalin grad battle, the Russians depleted the red army in Siberia. It was the Cossack cavalry, rushed to Stalin grad, which saved it. Now the red army in the east is at about full strength again. . . . New Premier Suzuki of Japan was left for dead on the street when the young fas cists of the Black Dragon society murdered most of Japan's moderate leaders a decade ago. He was carved up with 17 Fascist sword wounds. . . . Today Suzuki is front man for Japanese big business which long has leaned toward a negotiated peace. So has the em peror ? if they can get it. ? ? ? CAPITAL CHAFF 4. Handsome Secretary of State Ed Stettinius spent several days in New York rehearsing for the state de partment movie on Dumbarton Oaks. But despite rehearsals, movie goers get a chuckle out of the way Ed rolls his eyes. Reason is he didn't learn all his lines, had to look at a blackboard just over the movie camera in order to read them. This makes his eyes roll away from the lens as if he were a torch-singer. Otherwise it ranks as an A-l pic [ture. Genu of Thought A SOCIETY cannot be found ed only on the pursuit of pleasure and power; a society can only be founded on the re spect for liberty and Justice.? Taine. Nothing ever become* reel till it it experienced?even e proverb u no proverb to you till your life ha* illur Ire ted it?John Keeu. But it is as impossible for a man to- be cheated, by anyone but himself, as for a thing to be and not to be, at the same time. ?Emerson. The shame is not la NiTinr once been foolish but in not cat ting the folly short.?Horace. Opportunities are made as often as they happen. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT FARMS AMP RANCHES TOBACCO FABM. IU ACRES, rich land, timber worth half of farm. S38.000.00. P. O. B?x 5ft - RJckmoad. V?. MISCELLANEOUS CASH PRIZES?"MORE FUN" Publica tion will show you bow to fet more fun out of life. Only 25e. Mere Fan, Bex ttft - Beffale, N. T. WANTED TO BUT WE BUT all new feathers, duck and goose especially. Also feather beds. N. DETTCH. Fruit Trade Bid*.. Philadelphia. Pa. Save Hie J Sati for 1Ike 3i9litin9 3nmt Upset Stomach KMieved la 5 adnata* er dearie amaey keck When ex ease stomach add eaaaaa painful, ooffocat Ins |M, sour stomach and heartburn. doctors usually prescribe the fastest-aetin* medicine* known for ?jmptomaticreHef?medicines like tboeein Be U-ana tablets. No laxative. Be!I-ana brines comfort in a jiffy or double roar money beck en return of bottle to us. Me at all dnwisU. *>< ^ TOOTH cAL0lim^i ^pmnippupiim^ A favorite household antiseptic dress lag?>d liniment for 98 years?Hertford's BALSAM OP MYRRH1 It contains soothing gmas to relieve the soreness and ? ache of over-need and strained muscles. Takes the sting and itch oat of burns, scalds, insect bites, oak and by poison ing, wind and sun burn, chafing and chapped skin. Its antiseptic action less ens the danger of Infection whenever the ?Ida is cut or broken. Keep a bottle handy far the minor rasusltire of kitchen and nursery. At your druggist?trial sixe bottle 9Si; nousehol(TSse 65 f, economy aisa $1.25. 0. & HANFono Mra. co. 9/mmm ay. Sols makers of HH wP | Do jrse suffer hfcl | from MONTHLY f IEHNS TERSiai ? ?li lb vadt, AW fooliafi? If functional periodic disturbances make you feel nervous, tired, reetleei ?t such tlmee?try this greet medicine ?Lydle K. Plnkbam's Vegetable Oam pound to relieve such symptoms. Token regulerly?it helps build up restatsnee ?falnst such distress. Also s grand ?tensehic tonic. Polio w label dinetfons. WNU?4 16?45 And Your Strength and Energy U Below Par It may be caeeed by disorder ef kM aey function that permits poisonous vasts to accumulate. For truly many people feel tired, week aed miserable when the kidneys fail to remove excess adds mad ether waste matter from the Meed. Yea may suffer magging haekaeba, rheumatic headaches, diaalsem. afebts^leg j>aiaa. swell jag. tios with smarting and burning Is ee otbsr sign that something is wrong with the kidneys or bladder. There should be ao doubt tbet prompt treat meat is wiser than neglect. Use Doss's POle. It Is better to rely on a medicine that has won eoun-rywide ap proval than oa something Ices favorably lenowu. Dsn's have been tried and tast ed many years. Am at all drag stem. Get Psoa s tsdsy.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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April 26, 1945, edition 1
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