Sincerity Marks Peace
Parley at San Francisco
Creation of Flexible Organization Foreseen;
Position of President Truman Bolsters
Hand of U. S. Delegation.
By BAUKHAGE
Newt Analyst and Commentator.
WNC Service, Union Trail Building,
WmaHnfton, D. C.
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.-There
in something significant, I believe,
in the tact that this world confer
ence which hopes to plot a happier
course for the future of the world
is being held if?the Golden Gate.
I can't help contraating the atmos
phere with that which enveloped the
gathering on the banks of the Seine
28 years ago, which I also covered.
I think there is much more hope
for success for this gathering
than there was for the Paris con
ference two decades ago, although
most of us who crowded into its
opening session on the Quai d'Orsay
in Paris on a sunny January day in
1919, were well supplied with hope,
too.
I think the meeting place was well
chosen and if the agenda becomes
unfinished business, it might well
be concluded on the same spot where
the clean fog sweeps in from the
Pacific whose wide waters unite the
east and the west.
There still lingers on California's
shores the memory of its multifold
historical national contacts. It was
here in "Drake's Bay" that the fa
mous English explorer is said to
have stepped to repair his ship. I
say was Drake's bay for later, Cer
meno, the Spaniard, on a voyage
from Manila in 1598, was ship
wrecked in the same body of wa
ter and gave it its present name of
San Francisco bay. The Franciscan <
missionaries built missions a mule
day's journey apart from southern
to northern California. The sword
followed the cross and Portola's I
Spanish soldiers fought their way
up to what is still called the Prae- I
sidio, the very year the American
nation was born.
Less definite are the records of the
czar's explorers but the "Russian
river" just north of here remains
a flowing memento of their early
visits.
Less distinguished Chinese and
Japanese came and raised their
problems; great settlements of Hin
dus remain in the state and colonies
of Swiss and Italians toil among
vineyards reproducing the products
of their homelands.
iaa? !S Build
On Firm Ground
'As I write these lines two things
appear as near certainties as cer
tainties exist in this kaleidoscopic
world. The United Nations are sin
cere in the hope of erecting tome
sort of structure which, if it is hu
manly possible to do so, can pro
vide a place for the shelter, care
and feeding of the dove of peace.
A shadowy and almost paradoxical
corollary of this statement is the
frank acknowledgment that prob
ably one desideratum primum omi
num of only one of the great powers
is the international organization it
self. What Russia and Britain want,
first of all, is an inner citadel gird
ed by strong mutually protective al
liances. The rest of the structure
is, for them, largely window dress
ing. Nevertheless, to obtain cooper
ation among the strong few, they
are willing to include the weaker
many.
The second thing which I think
even at this juncture can be pre
dicted is that no matter how har
monious the building of this new
temple of hope may be, the final edi
fice will be constructed on such a
broad foundation and with such wide
portals, that it will not confine its
tenants to any very strict restraint
of action. There will be plenty of
room to turn around in it, in case
some of the occupants feel they
don't want to go In exactly the same
direction as their fellows. This is
not a cynical conclusion?it is sim
ply the result of a practical desire
not to put anything in the way of
getting something started. The
American delegation realizes that.
An agreement an major questions
which could be decided following the
meeting of Stettinius. Molotov and
Eden was announced by the delega
tion before we left Washington,
which meant that Senator Vanden
berg was satisfied that the wording
of the final agreement which the
Americans would accept contained
enough elasticity to provide an "es
cape clause." This assures the sen
ate and the American people that
this nation will not be bound, even
by implication, to support Injustices
perpetrated by other nations, past
or present.
T rum an V nd erst and s
Congress' Viewpoint
With Harry Truman in the White
House the position of the delegation
has been strengthened by his an
nouncement that he would not attend
the mebting in person, but would
back up his delegates from his desk
"where he belonged." There are
several other things that augur well
for harmony. The senate knows that
Mr. Truman is not personally com
mitted in any way to Britain or
Russia since he did not participate
in any of the talks of the Big
Three; they noted his remark that
Foreign Commissar Molotov when
he arrived in this country would pay
his respects to the President of the
United States "as he should." This
time the mountain had come to Ma
homet, not the reverse.
Lastly, there is the very potent
fact that President Truman was
Senator Truman for a long while.
He knows the legislative viewpoint
and, to know the legislative view
point, not academically as an out
side observer, but as a long-time
possessor of that viewpoint, is of
great practical importance. Remem
ber the frequent controversies be
tween the administration and con
gress in the past few years. Note,
likewise, two of the outstanding suc
cesses in obtaining cooperation be
tween the executive and the legisla
tive branches: Cordell Hull and
James Byrnes, both former mem
bers of congress.
So much for the hope for domes
tic harmony. Now consider the dif
ference between the position of the
United States in 1919 and the United
States in 1945.
Then, it is true, our entry into
the war made victory possible. But
low we have taken over the major
iurden of the fighting and In so do
ing have become the most powerful
:ountry in the world and of all the
powerful countries, the one which
tmerges with its military resources
east impaired?by far the most
iowerful in terms of army, navy
ind war material and wealth.
On the whole 1 think it is fair to
eport a general feeling of optimism
in the part of the American delega
ion and at least a feeling on the
>art of other delegates I have met,
if willingness to try to justify that
iptimism.
? ? ?
I G.I. President
It is a long time since we have
tad an ex-soldier in the White
louse. President Truman is the
lrst veteran of World War I to ac
:ept the mansion.
As you know he broadcast to the
roops overseas soon after he ad
Iressed congress. Naturally the
novie-cameras and the sound-track
>oys were there. So were the army
ihotographers. But the Big Boys
[et the priorities at such shows. The
lewsreels, the top-flight magazines
ind the rest. The boys in uniform
vere pushed back. They didn't be
ong.
As a result they got a sad side
ihot that was strictly ng.
So the officer in charge went up
ind asked if he could have a re
ake. "Certainly," (or words to that
iffect since we don't quote Pre si
lents) said President Truman. "Go
thead, we'll do the whole thing
iver."
Well, army pictorial does things
ight. It has some of the best Hol
ywood technical men in uniform. It
ook a long time to get just the right
ighting. So an official came up and
laid:
"You have just ten minutes
nore."
Up spoke the captain: "Do you
rant the President taken right or
ivrongT"
The President broke in: "Take
ill night if you want to." (or, as I
?aid, words to that effect). This pic
ture was for the O.I.S.
And so they fiddled and fooled un
til they had the lights right, until
they had everything just right.
And then the President went
?head and did his speech over
?gain.
It is one of the best action shots
taken in the White House.
But you won't see it It was just
lor the G.I.S.
BARBS . . . by B aukhage
The miner* cam* in '45 to Cal-I
for-ni-ay, the diplomats in '45 ar*
digging in to stay.
? ? ?
Max Schmeling, former heavy
weight champion, who was put in a
concentration camp and "treated"
for defeatism by the Nazis, is now
a l welterweight, ^according tint
America la bankrupt, says a Jap
foreign office spokesman ? yenful
thinking.
? ? ?
One of the shortages which haa
not been called to general attention
la the lack of garbage cans. The
OPA says that only one-fifth of the
number demanded Is being pro
dated. Thie will seon be evident tt
anyone who doesn't heki hti noes.
German Gties in the Path of Allies' Advance
City after city in Germany is being leveled to the ground by the Allied air foreei and the advancing artil
lery and infantry onita. Among the cities to which war has been brought home by the advancing vic
torious Allies are: upper left, Asehaffenburg; lower left, Duren receives its quota, little remaining of city on
Roer river after saturation bombing. Center: View of Wesel, focal point of American forces on Rhine. Upper
right, Limburg railroad marshalling yards after bombing. Lower right, Eitburg.
War Returns to Okinawa, Japan's Nerve Center
In 1853 the Leatherneck complement of Commodore Perry'a squadron accompanied him on a visit to
I Okinawa. The Devil Dogs, In the current assault, found the long narrow island made up of plateaus and
ridges. Most of the population of 443,8M Is engaged in a substandard of agriculture. Centuries of being kicked
around, in the game of power politics, has produced a mixed race with strains of Malayan, Korean,
Chinese and Japanese?a people completely ignorant of the United States. Photos above show the natives
after the American invasion.
Meiji Shrine Burned to Ashes * |
The piad Met# ihrine, mr the Imperial palace of Japan In Tokyo
where the Emperor often officiated, waa among the place* hit In a
fonr-henr long raid by a huge Beet of American niperfortresses. The Jap
commnaiqae, which told of the raid in which Imperial palace boildingi
were hit, laid the sanetaary waa horned to aabes.
Wins Novel Award
Sft. Josiah E. Greene, Washinf
ton. Conn., won Int prixe in Mae
Millan contest for his novel, "Not
in Our Stars." Back from Italy, he
is now a link trainer instrnctor.
B-29 Hero Honored by General
** E^Sr??
zzriz r irr^.-^j^^asinr *
255' tzjSSfX ?- i*-"-*
M ?* ^ ? ?*? " !
New Baseball Czar
Albert "Happy" Chandler, farmer
H. 8. **nator fram Keataeky, who
haaahalTa cnr. "?**h| I"4tT "
WORLD LEADER8 PICTURE
By the thread of one man's life
hung personal relationship# which
affected nations. Prime ministers
and potentates, once close to Frank
lin Roosevelt, now must learn how
to get along with an unknown gentle
man in the White House. Certain
army-navy officials, who always
knew how Roosevelt would react on
this and that, now must do business
with a man they once criticized.
To illustrate how the pendulum
of fate has swung, here' are some
of those who will miss Franklin
Roosevelt most:
WINSTON CHURCHILL ? was
able to call the late President on
the telephone at any time night or
day. Their relationship was more
intimate than with most members
of their own cabinets. When Church
ill couldn't get Roosevelt, he talked
to Harry Hopkins. Their friendship
was equally close. Hopkins and
Churchill used to stay up late at
night sipping brandy long after
FDR had gone to bed, and it was
those late-hour talks that sometimes
worried U. ?. army-navy men. For
vital policy sometimes was moulded
after midnight.
Churchill had planned to hold na
tional elections, probably in June,
and Roosevelt's friendship would
have been one of his great cam
paign assets.. Uiat. asset is now out
the windonb : Instead he must do
business withes man he doesn't know
and who chairmanhed a committee
whose members were quite critical
of certaid British lend-lease and in
ternational air policies abroad.
Some political observers believe
that makes Churchill's political fu
ture very uncertain.
ADMIRAL ERNEST KING?The
Commander of the Fleet and Chief
of Naval Operations really ran the
navy under Roosevelt, and he ran
it with a high hand. He ignored the
late Secretary Frank Knox when
tver he felt like it, knowing he would
get a sympathetic ear at the White
House. He even overruled Knox on
such a trivial matter as a gray-blue
summer uniform for the navy,
though Knox had decided it would
cut too heavily into the consumption
of textiles.
Knox's successor, Secretary of the
Navy Forrestal, has played in with
King. He had to. If King didn't
agree with him, the admiral came
out bluntly in press conference and
said so.
But now there is a new man in
the White House who wrote a caus
tic report bitterly critical of the way
the admirals slowed up the war by
failure to build adequate landing
boats. The new President also did
not hesitate to throw his hooks into
the navy whenever the brass hats
got inefficient, especially on their in
excusable procrastination in build
ing destroyer-escort vessels. So
fellow-admirals are watching to see
Just where King now sits.
GENERAL B. B. SOMERVELL?
No army officer clashed with the
Truman committee more frequently
and more head-on than the tough
talking chief supply officer of the
army. Somervell differed with Tru
man on all sorts of things, and the
Truman committee reports are stud
ded with criticism of the army's sup
ply job.
Truman is not a man to nurse
personal grudges and won't demote
or transfer Somervell. General
Marshall always maintained that de
spite mistakes he was the best man
they had. But Somervell will never
become chief of staff, or rise any
higher in the army.
HARRT HOPKINS?Of all those
around Roosevelt, Harry Hopkins
will miss him most. Their's was
a very close personal relationship.
Although Harry has been criticized
vitriolically, sometimes even by oth
er presidential intimates, FDR nev
er wavered in his devotion. In a
way, Harry took the place of Roose
velt's eldest son, Jimmie, whom he
once hoped would be his secretary.
So Harry will miss his old friend
terribly.
The critics will say that Hopkins
will miss him because of the glam
our, the power and the prestige. But
actually there was a love and devo
tion between the two men which few
realized and even fewer understood.
Note?Several yeari ago, Roose
velt gave Hopkins permission to take ,
notes on their discussions and write
his memoirs. "You have no money,
Harry," he said, "and you're foolish -
if you don't take notes on our con- 5
vernations. You have my full per
mission to use them later." But
Hopkins, always too busy, always
engrossed with winning the Chiefs
next objective, never had time to
take notes. He knows more about
Roosevelt than any other living man,
but most of the secrets will go with
Hopkins to the grave.
BERNARD BARUCH?The man
who talks with Presidents, no longer
has the key to the White House.
During the bitter battles between the
War Production board civilian group
and Genera) Somervell's military
clique, Baruch always backed up
Somervell. In fact, he was one of
Somervell's most vigorous support
ers.
Truman, on the other hand, fought
in the WPB civilian corner. Also
Bernie was for Byrnes, not Tru
man, at the Chicago convention. So
he may not be such a cloae friend |
THE CffiMUL CHEKi^
fly jpiritj ere okiwFul
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Im jo tilled wrtK giidr*H
I just effervesce.
A little more joy er?d I'd
?3irr\ply eep3?e-?3^
riyt roubles ere, fi\ I
just tor e.
b^Jkst, I Guess
7irrcrv>
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