Newspapers / The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, … / May 24, 1945, edition 1 / Page 2
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Old Pitfalls Stand in Way of Future Peace Survival of German Myth, Desertion of Democratic Elements Would Weaken Postwar Security Structure. ByBAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. SAN FRANCISCO. ? California sunshine is pouring down on the bay, a great white fog has begun to drape the distant, gray-green hills in the folds of its floating robe. It has been a day of conferences and interviews where the great tragedies of little countries?Al bania, Korea, Poland?and the little differences between great countries have been tossed at us, in vibrant earnest voices, in stiff and proper ac cents. It would be easy to lose sight of woods for the trees. But as I sit here leafing over faded notes of an other such conference, I know that the tremendous goal for which these delegates have striven is so much higher, so much wider than all the little controversies that it still is Just what the chambermaid in my ho tel said it was. She was gray haired. She had a son on Saipan, she told me, and when I asked her what she thought of this gathering she laid down an armful of linen and looked up. "I guess this is Just about the most im portant thing that ever happened," she said, "trying to stop wars." How important this meeting will prove to be depends on how well the world avoids the pitfalls which wrecked its last attempt to treat war as we treat disease; not as something that we irreverently con sider as an act of God. like a tor nado, but something to which man kind is exposed through Ignorance and indifference and which can be prevented. Why did the League of Nations fail? What are the pitfalls which the United Nations must avoid? Garmans Thought Armiee Unbeaten I have been talking over that Paris conference with a friend whom I met there?a quarter of a century ago. He lived with the League of Nations through Its early uncertain days, on until its death of malnutrition. Together we agreed on certain fundamental mistakes made in the past which must be avoided if the result of the San Francisco conference is a success. The object of the United Nations is the same as the object of the league of Nations: to stop aggres sion before it starts. Last time, ef forts were directed specifically to ward Germany as the one potential aggressor. Germany has been so utterly defeated that she cannot strike back for a long time but our conduct toward Germany after the last war can be related to all fu ture attempts at aggression. The first mistake made last time, namely, allowing the myth to grow up that the German army was not defeated, that other causes enforced capitulation, cannot be made again since the German army is now de stroyed. But there is danger that another myth may grow which will encourage nasi-fascism elsewhere. Even if the so-called German gov ernment headed by Admiral Ooenits formally capitulated to the Allies in stead of having the various gener als surrender separately, the Nazis might well claim that they them selves never did surrender. A very good legal case might be made out supporting the thesis that Doenitz was not the authorized head of the German government and that government still existed in exile. Whether Hitler and Himmler are dead makes no difference. No proof can be adduced that Doenitz is the authorized successor to Hitler. There has been no recognized revolution which could be recognized first, de facto, then de Jure. We do not know that Hitler author ized Doenitz as his successor. We do know that he had publicly indicated certain successors. I saw and heard him do it in the Reichstag meeting in the Kroll opera house in Berlin on September 1, 1939, when he announced that he was going to the front to Join the army already invading Poland. I saw him turn from the lectem and Indicate, first Herman Goering, sitting high on the praesidium as his successor, if he failed to return and second, the tall and lanky Hess sitting in the first row on the ros trum. There has never been any other official designation of succession by the German government. When Hit ler made that pronouncement Doe nitz played no role In the Nazi party ?he was just another naval officer. Therefore it would be easy for whoever claims official fuehrership to have moved into Norway while it was still In German hands, take a long-distance submarine and find asylum and support in some country which would conceal his identity and where sufficient sympathy for nazi fascism existed, to carry on under ground activities and foster the myth of the immortality of nazi-dom just as the myth of the German army's invincibility was kept alive. That is one thing that apparently Is not realized. It is important. It must be watched. Now there are a number of other pitfalls which I might mention but I won't spend too long over these faded notes with fresh breezes from the Pacific reminding me that we are living in the land of tomorrow and not yesterday. But alas, some of the dark shad ows of yesterday have stretched down the years to today. Selfish Interests Stunt Democracy One of the great mistakes which the peace-loving nations of the world, as they now call themselves, made the last time was that they failed to help the democratic ele ments in Germany against the very reactionary or national elements which made World War II possible. At present there is no question about elements in the German gov ernment for it is under Allied mili tary rule. That problem is some distance in the future. But here at San Francisco and wherever the ex ecutive council or the assembly of the organization planned here may meet, the same question will arise. We have a concrete example in the question of Argentina, not too important in itself, but interesting insofar as it reveals whose selfish political and economic interests af fect world affairs. Certain countries wanted to renew normal business relations with Ar gentina. Great Britain has a great interest in Argentina because of her trade and Canada because the financing of many institutions there was han dled through Canadian banks. . The representatives in the Mex ico City conference yielded to this pressure and when they came to San Francisco could, not reverse uieir position. Kuasia looked on, chortled, and said: Democracies aren't so democratic after all If they invite a fascist government to loin up with them. This is. not too important but it li an example of what must be avoided if the United Nations really champion the cause of democracy throughout the world. But the strong hope of avoiding the pitfalls of the last time lies in the interest, the participation of the j people. The people of America. As I sit here in San Francisco and see the earnest effort of these ; men of all creed and color, I feel they have the win to peace. But their voices aU cry in the wilderness unless the people support them. I look over these gray-green hills and think?into thine hands, the hands of the people of America. ? ? ? In order to provide agricultural Information to servicemen and vet erans of this war who are interested in agriculture, the USDA has ar ranged to place kits containing sam ples of available information in sep aration centers, hospitals, libraries and vocational guidance and retrain ing centers of the army, navy, air forces, and the Veterans administra tion. In cooperation with Washington representatives of the various branches of the armed forces and the Veterans administration, these kits will be available for review in approximately 1,000 places in the continental U. S. and overseas. Ac companying each kit will be a sup ply of order blanks on which the veteran or serviceman can order from the department by a simple check mark, any Item or group of items he may want. Among the materials being offered are several general publications de signed to help the agriculturally in clined serviceman or veteran decide whether or not he really does want to become a farmer. BARBS . . . by Baukhage One of the hardest things to get In the sun-kissed state was a glass of orange juice. They told us it was all being dehydrated and sent abroad. ? ? ? Returning to San Francisco after 30 years the city looks as if it had changed mora than in the pierious ^ 30 - and that included the period of reconstruction altar the Are. Accredited correspondents outnum bered delegates six to one but most of the delegates never saw a news man. And most of them couldn't have talked anyhow since the ma jority of them couldn't speak Eng lish. English and French were the official languages but probably Spanish eras the most generally understood^ judging from iwpoasa i i ' Nation's Hats Off to Hard Task Well Done | Eisenhower | Bradley 1 ? ' Devers I Clork ?I Potion I Hodgei Gerow Simpson | Potch True scot* I The organization of the American forces in Europe which brought about the complete collapse and uncon ditional surrender of the once-unbeatable German forces which set out to rule the world. To Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, his army group commanders, Bradley, Devers and Clark, we render thanks. To General Pat ton, General Hodges and General Gerow, under Bradley; General Simpson and General Patch nnder De vers and to General Truescott, under Clark in Italy, the credit of directing the world's finest army is due. A Job well done, by the finest staff ever assembled in the history of any war. Germany's Nazi Down?Japan Soon to Follow K Left: President Harry 8. Truman, officially ending the war in Europe. Gathered around him are mem bers of his eablnet, family and officials. Right: Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, supreme Allied commander, makes announcement of German unconditional surrender at SHAEF, France. At left is Sir Arthur Tedder, deputy supreme commander. The world's greatest war was thus brought to a successful conclusion. ? Pacific G.I.S Tame and Use Pets . Don, (oats or monkeys, regardless of nationality, the American ex peditionary forces In the Pacific hare tamed, adopted as pets and pnt to nse to hant oat the laps, locate poison (as, gun emplacements, or famish milk to sick baddies. Thousands of rare and onusaal pets will be brought into the United States when Tokyo falls. - War-Born Lessons Dropped From Air The accelerated c4i<iUoul schedule developed In the wartime emer gency, which pat the student through a normal four-year college coarse in treat M to M months, prfll he discontinued as man as possible by mast colleges, bat the government win see that substitute eoarses are faralshed to OJj by airmail wherevor desired. ? itainsi m Ml era may sttt sssnts nanh^ahhdiiHr if nn i iilir illli - - n ml ?er Vi r a ir imn . sa Pity the S-VE-Eper Michael Parrotta, New York sani tation department sweeper, is one man who thinks that Victory is not all it's cracked np to be. His was the Job o( cleaning np the paper bliszard aftermath that covered 45th street, New York City. New Diving Record Jack Browne, 28 years old, la ahowa tkroef b the porthole et the decem preaaloo chamber as he vaa slowly released tnm the peak preasare te set record at IS# feet dire. ?? - - ? -- ...... DIPLOMACY AT SAN FRANCISCO ? SAN FRANCISCO. ? By all odds the most skillful diplomacy game al this conference has been played b> dapper, dignified Anthony Eden of Great Britain. He has managed tc v come out as the friend of all sides and most important of all, the ~ mediator between Russia and the United States. In other words, Eden has com pletely reversed the previous role of President Roosevelt, who up un til his death had acted as the medi ator between Churchill and Stalin. The Churchill - Stalin rivalry was not merely personal. It was his toric. It was based not only on the fact -that Churchill just after the last war, urged the sending of Allied troops into Russia to help the White Russian generals overthrow the em bryo Bolshevik regime, but that he flirted with the CUveden set which in 1939 advocated war between Rus sia and Germany while England sat cm the side lines. This was the basis for the per sonal suspicion between him and Stalin. Bnt historically, Churchill was carrying out a century-old British policy of iso lating Russia. For 100 years, the country with the greatest land mass in the world, Russia, had been kept without a warm-water seaport by Britain, the country With tha woaotaot noirw In tha world. That rivalry was the reason for the Anglo-J,apanese alliance, where by the British, working through Japan, helped to stop Russia from getting Manchuria and a warm water port on the Pacific. That rivalry was behind Britain's sphere of influence in Persia (now Iran) to prevent Russian use of the. gulf of Persia. That rivalry was also the cause of the Crimean war in which the British fleet and British troops actually landed on the same spot where Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt later held their Yalta conference and waged a bloody bat tle to prevent the Czar from com ing down to the Dardanelles and get ting an outlet through the Mediter ranean. Finally this 100-years-old Russo British rivalry was behind Britain's taking Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Finland away from Russia after the last war to block her outlet to the Baltic sea. Roosevelt Sits in Middle. That rivalry continued during the Teheran - Yalta conferences, with Stalin and Churchill both trading against each other and Franklin Roosevelt sitting in the middle. At Teheran the argument was over a second front through the Bal kans which Churchill favored, or through France, which Stalin fa vored. Churchill wanted the Al lied armies to get into the Balkans? Russia's sphere of influence ? and thereby keep the Russians out. He didn't want Allied armies ruining factories and alienating the popula tion of western Europe?which was to be Britain's sphere of influence. In the end Roosevelt tipped the scales in favor of Stalin?toward a second front through France. Once at Teheran, Churchill trying to poke a little fun at Stalin, said: "Marshal, I have noticed that when ever anyone comes into contact with you they become slightly pink." To which Stalin replied: "And Mr. Prime Minister, any good doctor will tell you that pink is the healthiest of all colors." And Roosevelt, wanting to pour oil on the troubled waters, said: "Gentlemen, let me re mind you that there is nothing more beautiful than all the col ors of the rainbow." But at the end, as Churchill bade farewell to Stalin, there was still tension between them. "Well, goodbye. Marshal," said the prime minister, "I'll see you in Berlin." "Yes," shot back Stalin, "I in a tank and you in a pullman car." Stettinius Loses Out. Roosevelt was shrewd enough to continue as middle man even at Yalta, despite the fact that he was slipping physically. He kept both Russia and Great Britain in the position of playing up to the United States. The loss of that strategic bargain ing power is the moat important de velopment of this conference. Stet- ? tinius has lost what Roosevelt had . and Anthony Eden has cleverly stepped into his place. The United States has now slipped into the position of being the chief rival and potential opponent of Rus sia, while Eden has maneuvered so that England sits in the middle, able to throw its weight to one side or the other. ? ? ? Conference Cross Currents Greek Foreign Minister Sophi anopoulos at first was considered a | British puppet but surprised every one by voting against the British on Argentina. He sides with Russia against Argentina's admission into the San Francisco" conference. . . . He also helped to pass the Greek eight-hour child labor laws, later was condemned to life imprison ment by the Metaxas dictatorship under King George. . . . Raul ex pert on peace machinery is Dutcfai bounded G.I. Was Going Back to Settle a Score Scene: A military hospital. V? Dr had been talking to a badly rounded Irish soldier. Afterwards e asked an orderly: "Whea are hey sending that man home?" "He ain't going home," said the rderly. "He's going back to the ront." "But he can't. He'll never be It. Anybody can see he's far tea ladly hurt." "Maybe. But he thinks he kauao ifho done it." NEXT TIME IN BALTMOK HOTEL MT? ROYAL PERFECT HOTEL SERVICE ? Homelike Atmosphere Rates begin at $2.00 per tag You Can Also Enjoy MUSIC ? DANCING FAMOUS ALGERIA! MM NEAR RAILROAD STATIONS MT. ROYAL AVENUE AT CALVBFT SL PAXO IN TU BKSI Millions of people suffering feu? simple Piles, have found pre mat relief with PAZO ointment. Herts why: First, PAZO ointment sooth? inflamed areas?relieves pahs amd itching. Second, PAZO olntnest lubricates hardened, dried porta? helps prevent cracking and ssvw ness. Third, PAZO ointment tends to reduce swelling and check astnnr bleeding. Fourth. It's easy to sk. PAZO ointment s perforated Pfla Pipe makes application simple, thorough. Your doctor can tefl you about PAZO ointment. SUPPOSITORIES TOOI Some persons, and many doctqs% prefer to use suppositories, as PAZO comes in handy suppositories also. The same soothing relief skat PAZO always gives. ^0fg I InMsM 4 a"n"m,Cm?- I Uo wllhl'slIiLls I A favorite household antiseptic dress ing and liniment for 98 years?Haated^s BALSAM OP MYRRKI It inataiss soothing gums to relieve rbe soreaessaad ache of over-used and strained osaacka. Takes the sting and itch out af ham, scalds, insect bites, oak and ivy passoa ing, wind and sun burn, chafing and chapped skin. Its antiseptic action less ens the danger of infection wis easts Ska akin is cut or broken. Keep a bottle handy for the minor casualties of kitchen and phi aery. At your druggist?trial sire bottle 3S? household aire 651; economy ssae (IA a a HANFORD MFQ. CO, Syrsmm. At Sole makers of Do yta suffer from MONTHLY | IEBVOIS TERM * *Mb (Is mask, find isafiagsf If functional periodic dteaotamms make you feel nenroua, tired, i i all sea at such tlmea?try this great modleftss ?Lydla E. Ptnkham'a Vegctsol* Omm~ pound to relieve such symptoms. Ihfcam regularly?It helps build up reSSaaa against such distress. Also a gmal stomachic tonic. FoUow label dlreeUe*. Jjfdi*.?.@b%kJuvmA oS iVNU?4 3?-~~S And Yoor Strength sod Energy Is Below Pr.r It may be earned by di?w*f sf kid ney (unction tkxt permits r'"*" waste to secunulate. For truly assy people feel tired, week end uiasmftfn when the kidneys (all ts reao's ass acids aad other waste matter I'ose ?ha blood. You may suffer nagging I nheih* rheumatic pains, heed* r bee. n sin (?ttine op nights. leg ueias, * i Bin id Sometimes freqoent and scanty aha tioe with smarting tnd homier fa so other sign that something is wmwg ^ab the kidneys or bladder. Than skouid be no doubt that \ isf treatment is wiser than ec^oct. On Dean's Pills. It is better to rety en a msdirias that baa won eoaatrywidae^ pcovai than on somethiag lew '?* -'dw knows. Dean's hare baaa tried wdhS ?ad maay ream. Am at ail drag dma
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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May 24, 1945, edition 1
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