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Cooperation for Peace Based on Compromise Nations Must Yield Some Sovereignty to Lend Helping Hand Against Threats to World Security. By BAUKHAGE ISeus Analyst and Commentator. WNC Service, Colon Trust Building, Washington, O. C. SAN FRANCISCO. ? The tumult and the shouting dies, the captains and the kings depart, still stands Thine ancient sacrifice ? an humble and a contrite heart. ... so said Kipling in describing the end of a war ("far-called our navies melt away.") As I review this chapter of current history here at San Fran cisco where the world security or ganization is in the making, I am impressed with one thing: what has already been achieved containing merit and the seeds of hope for a peaceful world has been achieved by the sacrifice offered by the hum ble and contrite hearts. That sounds somewhat idealistic perhaps but let me explain. I think it is not an exaggeration to say that compromise is the key stone of harmony whether it is a question of interpersonal, inter party, interstate or international re lations. And what is compromise but sacrifice? Applied to the United Nations con ference on international organiza tion, sacrifice of national aspira tion, and compromise which meant yielding actual selfish advantage of the moment in the hope of gaining potential advantage for the general good, have at least given evidence of good will. Good will, implemented by popular endorsement, means practical progress toward peace. Peace More Natural Than War You may have read a very trench ant article by Emery Reves, au thority and writer on international affairs In the current Mercury magazine, which confutes the argu ment that since war is a part of human nature, it can never be pre vented. Mr. Reves goes about his tack of disproving this convent bro mide of the pessimist in a highly sci entific manner. "Why," he asks, "did cities once wage war against each other and why do they no longer fight each other with weapons today? "Why, at certain times did great landowner barons war with each other and why have they ceased the practice? "Why did the various churches plunge their adherents into armed warfare and why today, are they able to worship side by side with out shooting each other? Why did Scotland and England, the author continues, and other parts of what are now single nations, once Aght and now live together peacefully? Reves points out that these and other groups, presumably because it was the nature of the beast to once consider it natural to decide their differences with tooth, claw, pow der and shot, or bow and arrow and yet that kind of legal murder no longer exists and would horrify mod era man. This is his answer to these provocative questions: "Wars between these social units ceasa to exist the moment sov ereign power is transferred to a larger or higher unit." That is worth pondering. Yield Sovereignty To Higher Community The sovereign power of the cities yielded to the power of the nation; uigiana ana acouana yieiaea ineir separate sovereignty to the sover eignty at the British crown. This oc curred as a part of the due process of civilization which began when the individual cave man agreed to abide by the rules of the tribe, the tribe submitted to the will at the community and so on until the process produced the United States. Here is a vast area occupying a huge sector at a great continent, which, after a bloody war where state rights versus federal author ity was the issue, became a unified whole. Hates, rivalries, competition, religious and economic difference continue (as a part of human na ture) but internecine strife is un thinkable. Where's the rub, then? Just, "sov ereignty" which is a fighting word, still today. The United States is will ing, anxious to participate in the United Nations organization ? the people have given that mandate to both parties. But will she yield her sovereignty? If so, how much? If she will not, it is largely a mat ter of ignorance as to what that sacrifice involves. And who makes the sacrifice? The people them selves or some abstraction known as the "government?" At this point let me quote that other student of international rela tions, who, it is true, does not raise his sight to the point of world federa tion but who has urged it on a more limited basis. I refer to Clarence Streit who has long; campaigned for a federal union of the north Atlantic democracies. He says that the only loss of sover eignty involved is the subordination of the ruling bodies to the ruling body of the union, that a citizen still has the right of franchise and all the rest of his rights. Does the citizen of Richmond, Va., who, after the secession of the south ern states owed his allegiance to the Confederacy, enjoy any less rights today when the seat of his federal government is tt)f capital of all the United States. Is the Scotsman in Edinburgh deprived of any privi leges which he held when he was a subject of chieftain, iaird or Scottish king? On the contrary. U. S. Learnt to Give and Take The American representative who sits in the assembly or is chosen to the council of the proposed United Nations organization is no less the servant of John Q. Citizen of Bing ville than the man he elects. In proportion to their size, there are no less rivalries between San Francisco and Los Angeles than there are between any two nations of the earth. But cities and states of our federal union would no more think of attempting armed warfare with each other than any decent law-abiding citizen would think of shooting up his neighbor to get his radio, his wife or his parking privi leges. We are that civilized. We ac cept the sacrifice of sovereignty of our home state to sovereignty under the United States. When we advance to the point where we can sacrifice the degree of sovereignty of our nation neces aary in order to guarantee world order we will be civilized enough to be sure that our sons won't run the chance of killing and being killed as part of a spectacle of mass murder which even the hor rors of this war will pale. The San Francisco conference can present a blue print of the ma-, chinery for peace. Only civilization itself can implement it. It is easier to understand things we can see and touch than ideas. ? ? ? Brooks Harding was born in Nebraska and grew up with the normal nationalism of a boy who had never seen a foreign flag flying anywhere. He served in the last war In the artillery, later became Interested in aviation. He had a small aircraft factory, and then a small leather factory In New York state. He watched the League of Nations rise and fall. He saw the United Nations start. He became convinced that unless there was some out ward symbol, some outward appeal which would stir the imagination and the emotions of the people, the second attempt at world harmonv would (ail ai did the first. And ao ha literally left all he had with the sole purpose of making his contribution in the form of a United Nations' flag. That flag has not been officially adopted but it flew in Washington and it flew in San Francisco ? a plain white field with four vertical red bars symbolising, he says, vic tory, equality, unity and freedom. It is sponsored by the United Na tions Honor Flag committee sup ported by such contributions which he could make or which he could solicit in travels about the coun try. He hopes tor its offlcisl sanction. He feels that this banner may some day become the rallying in signia for the people of all peace loving nations, who without slacken ing their loyalty to their own coun try will respect and support the forces for international good will which this emblem represents. ! BARBS... by Baukhage There were several noticeabl* shortages at the United Nations con ference: atenographere who could talk Ruasian, taxis, butter (no and) news, time to get it, a good excua< to stay longer. There were aome eur plusages: invitations one oouldn'i accept, ootnmenta on the weather mutton chops, trolley cars en War hat street, propagandists parading as newsfolk, talk and work. I At one of the press conferences ? Secretory Stettinius who prides him I self on getting names right ad , dressed Mr. Kaltenborn as Bauk ! hage. I got publicity?Stettinius and ? Kaltenborn got the red faces, t ... A full-length metal leg costs $190 ? which isn't much when you compare [ it with what a parson would give not to base to wear one. mmmmmmrn Germans Learn of Atrocities Civilians of Beckum, Germany, look at display of pictures of atrocities committed by their forces. This is one of the ways the German popula tion is being educated regarding their military and political organization. Civilians accept the photo evidence, while many Nazi officers state that they think the photographs are faked. Rather Be Hero Than President When T/Sgt. Jake Lindsey, 24, of Lncedale, Miss., was presented with the 100th Congressional Medal of Honor at a joint session of congress, President Truman said to the sergeant: "I'd rather have that medal than be President of the United States." Among other acts of bravery, while wounded, Lindsey fought and defeated eight Germans in hand-to-hand combat. 'Sergeant Lindsey led his platoon, reduced to six from its original strength of 40, under intense enemy counter-attack, exposed to heavy ma chine gun, rifle and tank Are. He knocked out two machine guns. Marine Girls Turn Farmerettes Farmer F. W. Jones of Wheaton, Md., who la partial to "ma rine (iris," main tains his lM-acre farm with the help of service person nel hj working It only one day a week. Marine corps women reserves billeted at Arlington, Vs., volunteered to work a fall Sunday In addition to their eamp duties?and Farmer Jones gets his work done. Appointed to Truman's Cabinet 9i Hfrifiltnrf pMi.r * . . . .M ? ? ^ become iccrctirj wrifrthr?S'.i ? wi' ****** **??> Gewral Ion C. Chirk, who " ottorweyjtworml. Kifht. JoOj, Loots Scbwel fr? WMUagtaa, a* weretary of lahor. Usable Souvenir Just in from Europe and on his way to camp before being granted a furlough, Cpl. Joseph C. Dannely of Ehrhardt, S. C., poses proudly with the unusual-looking bicycle be bought in England. It is fitted with automobile steering wheel. \ # Little Bond Buyer Henry Kingsley Cookson, 16 month-old son of Coast Guard Lt. and Mrs. Henry Cookson, may be small bnt be Is a big bond holder. He is shown proudly displaying the fifth $100 war bond that he has pur chased and plans to hold for his edu cation. Comes Home by Air LI. Michael Pehise of Wilkinsburg, Pa., one of more than 1,000 officers and men who arrived at Bradley field. Conn., in 65 Liberators and Flying Fortresses from the Euro pean fronts, is pictured with his two three-month-old golden retrievers. Roosevelt Stamps A series of postage stamps as a tribute to the late President Fr.uk jjjUD^IUjeeeTeH to be issued to Apodal delivery 'will Washington, D. C. GERMAN PRISON LABOR Officials are keeping very mum about it, but the entire question of using German prison labor to re build Russia and France has been thrown into a new controversy by a secret opinion rendered by Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, who has taken over U. S. prosecution of war criminals. Justice Jackson wrote his opinion to U. S. Reparations Chief Ed Pauley, stating that in his opinion compulsory German labor should not be used to rebuild France and Russia unless they have been con victed of war crimes. "It is not my business what is to be done with reparations," Jackson wrote, "but this would largely de stroy the moral position of Ameri ca in this war. . . . Compulsory labor," he continued, "should be required only for convicted war criminals." Jackson went on to point out that German labor "drifting out of Rus sian concentration camps in the fu ture wnnlri fpll tnlp?s nf hnrrnr" which, even if exaggerated, would "arouse sharp condemnation in the United States." He urged, there fore, that German labor not be used for reparations until they had been convicted of war crimes. He indicated that members of the Ges tapo and the SS Elite guard undoubt edly were war criminals as a class, but the every member of the Nazi party might- not be classified as a war criminal. ? Following Justice Jackson's bombshell, a hurried meeting was called in Secretary Morgen thau's office, attended by Ed Pauley, Assistant Secretary of State Will Clayton, the army, navy, FEA, and other inter ested government agencies. Sec retary Morgenthau vigorously protested tbis new development. It was pointed out by some that the use of German prison labor had been agreed to at ?a)ta by President Roosevelt himself and, therefore, eould not be changed. "If we have to wait for the con viction of all these war criminals before we can get German labor," suggested Reparations Chief Pauley, "we may have to wait a year. Mean while, there may not be enough Germans to repair the damage in France and Russia." Pauley also made the point that he had been charged by the Presi dent with the handling of repara tions and, therefore, would have to make the final decision himself after his arrival in Europe. After further discussion, however, Pauley agreed to accept Justice Jackson's opinion in principle, namely, that only convicted war criminals could be used as prisoner labor. This leaves the whole question pretty. much up in the air. However, it has been hinted that Justice Jackson will endeavor to in dict groups of Germans as a class. In other words, he may try the Ges tapo as a group, not individually, and decide that every member of the Gestapo automatically is a war criminal. This probably will be done with Hitler's SS Elite corps. Wheth er a blanket indictment will also be lodged against the Nazi party re mains to be seen. ? ? ? TRAINING FILMS DESTROYED. The" army doesn't want it known, but it has a new way of handling one type of surplus property. In the case of training and orientation film, it burns old prints. According to a survey made by movie ex perts, old films last summer were being burned at the rate of 225 tons weekly at Astoria, N. Y. Meanwhile other government agencies, schools and universities are anxious to buy these outmoded DTints frnm tho orm., *i? r _ ... .... >u utj , Ail IOV.1, UIC U. S. office of transportation had to spend $60,000 of the taxpayers' money to make 10 new reels of its own when the army refused to sell it the army's excellent series of 20 reels for the training of auto mechanics. Sen. Francis Myers of Pennsyl vania, Democrat, has just written Maj. Gen. Harry Ingles, chief of the signal corps, demanding an explana tion. The making of training films and orientation films by the army has been a major operation. Thousands < of subjects have been turned out at a tremendous outlay, and produc tion schedules have been more crowded than those of any Holly wood studio. The films have proved remarkable training aids, with officers claim ing that they cut at least in half the length of time needed to teach men such things as first aid, etc. ? ? ? CAPITOL CHAFF C. Aviation enthusiast Rep. Jen nings Randolph has introduced a bill authorizing the government to repay employees for the use of their private airplanes on government business ? just as is now done with automobiles and motorcycles. $1 Wyoming's capable Senator Joe Q'Mahoney has quietly started a study of the disposal at surplus war plants. He wants to insure maximum use of cut national productive capacity after the wax and the stimulation of small business. This Husband Deserved A Medal for His Tact A film actor and his wile am seated in a secluded comer at their club. The wile had a ta^n like a shrew and was berating her husband in no uncertain terms. Unnoticed by her, a party at acquaintances approached wiAre earshot, just as she delivered her self of this: "You are nothing more than a mean skunk! Of all the low-down, slimy snakes, I think you are the worst! Why yon are just a cheap skate!" Suddenly noticing the people who had just arrived, the hnshond. with great presence of mind, said: "You're quite right, my dear; that was good. And what else did yon say to him?" CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT HOME FURNISHINGS * AFFIX FREE Catalogue Pillow i1im i for embroidery. Write WESTERN ABK WORK CO.. Box 194. Monrovia, CaNL INSTRUCTION Learn Eleetroplatinr- Complete ini 11 in H?> by practical plater, i jrmulas for brans,cad mium. chromium, copper, gold, nickel. wM ver. SI. Money bark guar. Plater Bjik Dept. 10, P. O. 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The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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June 7, 1945, edition 1
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