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i 4 The Alamance Gleaner 1 VoL LXXI GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 1945 Na 20 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS < Japs Foresee Invasion as Yanks Tighten Noose on Home Islands; Peg Meat Supply at Present Level R?lct?d by Western Newspaper Union ?????I (EDITOK'? NOTE: Wkti epiaien* ere express** la Usee celestas. Uey ere Usee ef Westers Newepepsr Uaiea's eewe eaelyste taJ aet aeceaearflty ef Uls aewspeper.) Captured ea Luzon island in the Philippines, these Jap war prisoners relish can of D. 8. army C rations. PACIFIC: JSo Halt Though fighting on Okinawa was as tough as that on Iwo Jinia, re sults have been the same, with the gradual U. S. conquest of the island pressing home the immediate dan ger to Japan proper, 325 miles to the north. . . ... With Japan already hard hit by sir, the enemy looked for an im minent invasion of the homeland, with propagandists seeking to as sure the people of the strength of well-provisioned underground for tifications, long in the making to thwart any landings. Having fought through the maze of interlocking Jap caves on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. American sol ?diers viewed any underground forti fications in the enemy homeland as an elaboration of the defensive sys tems on these outlying islands. Though heavily battered after ter Tiffic aerial and artillery bombard ment, they were only clearedby steady, concentrated U. S. fire from close-up, plus the gradual exhaus tion of supplies. Even as U. S. ground troops re duced Okinawa with its valuable air fields for raids upon the enemy homeland, U. S. fliers were busy hammering at Jap industrial cen ters and supply lines to China. With the American fleet dominant in Pacific waters, U. S. aircraft took off from carriers to plaster enemy shipping plying between Japan and Korea, thus forcing the Nipponese to use a more round-about route far ther north to get into China or else try to break the bloackade at night or in rough weather. Harassment of this route came on top of the U. S. sea and air threat to the Japanese overwater supply line Irom their conquered South Pacific possessions, and the Chinese pres sure against the enemy's overhmd corridor running the length of |ne east coast of China. , Meanwhile, Superfort bombard ments at Jap industrial centers con tinued apace, with the B-29s extend ing the devastation of already heavily battered homeland cities. EUROPE: Allied Snag Reworking of the occupational mnes in the tace of Russian de mands for greater territory, and the Reds insistence that U. S. and Brit ish forces withdraw from fringes of their proposed holdings, slowed up organization of machinery for co ordinated Allied administration of the beaten country. The "tag in plans followed tne U. S-, British, Russian and French declaration stripping Germany of ail Hitlerian conquests and restor ing its 1937 borders, and placing all of the material and human re sources of the country at the dis posal at the Big Four. Severe as the declaration was, it left the door open for further alteration of the Gerrrian frontier, and imposition of addition al regulations for governing the P<A?lethe U. S. and British repre sentatives at the Big Four meeting in Berlin, Gen. Dwight D. Eisen hower and Field Marshal Montgom ery visited the battered German capital for the first time since its fall, leaving shortly after the sign ing of the declaration because of the inability of the Russian dele gate to proceed on joint control ac until settlement of the latest of MOSCOW. Recognition of Ro"^g_df?^?T for additional occupational tern tor; would give the Reds control of half of German; and include the cities of Leipzig, Gotha and Erfurt and the whole province of Thurin gia presently held b; the U. S. SAN FRANCISCO: Break Log-Jam With Russia's agreement to per mit the discussion of disputes b; the security Council of the United Nations' postwar peace organiza tion, the log-jam holding up the con clusion of the San Francisco confer ence was broken. In insisting that an; of the five major powers have the right to veto the discussion of a dispute, Rus sia almost stood alone through three weeks of prolonged bickering, final ly giving in after consultations be tween U. S. Envoys Hopkins and Harriman with Stalin in Moscow. Though the agreement permits dis cussion of a dispute without danger of veto, any of the Big Five can vote down proposals for formally in vestigating the trouble or calling for peaceful settlement. One of the outstanding issues of the conference, the veto question ranked in importance with the sub jects of international trusteeships MriKoi Fordo NliIKu btilU P? (left) ul V. S. Secretary oI Kin Elriri ft. Stettinies ?t lu rrudm par ley and regional pacts, also resolved after lengthy deliberations. In the matter of the trusteeships, the U. S. was granted unqualified possession of Pacific islands wrested from the Japanese and needed for American defense until congress should de cide to turn them over to the peace organization. Under the agreement on regional pacts, groups of nations banded into' cooperative units can try to work out their own problems before submitting them to the se curity council of the postwar peace organization, or resort to self defense if attacked without waiting for league action. MEAT: Peg Supply In addition- to steering more cat tle to federally inspected packers to permit greater distribution of meat across state lines and cutting out all lend-lease or relief meat ship ments through J uly-August-Septem ber, the government also reduced military allocations to allow a pro portionate increase in supplies to civilians. Even so, the severe meat pinch will endure through the summer months, with prospects for improve ment in the fall when increased marketings should not only permit greater supplies for civilians but also resumption of limited ship ments overseas. Though the government chopped military allocations down to 1,213, 000,000 pounds for July-August-Sep tember, and pegged civilian allot ments around present levels of I, 740,000,000 pounds, the amount available for home consumption will remain dependent upon supplies In the quarter. During April - May June, euppbes Ml below govern ment goals. CONGRESS: Back Bretton Woods Having voted to extend the recip rocal trade treaty act tor three years and grant the President power to cut tariff! 90 per cent under ex isting levels, the house also ap proved the Bretton Woods monetary agreements as part at the adminis tration's program tor participation in world economic stabilization, Passed by a large vote against the oppostion of a handful of Re publicans, the agreements include: 1 An 8,800,000,000 dollar fund of 1 currencies of 44 or more United Nations upon which any member country could draw to ob tain foreign exchange at a stable rate for conducting business; 2 A 9,100,000,000 dollar world bank for reconstruction and develop ment, with the various governments either loaning money directly or guaranteeing any private loans made. As has been the case ever since the announcement of the agree ments, chief opposition centered around the 8,800,000,000 dollar cur rency fund, designed to prevent up ward nr downward flnrt.at.inns in the value of different currencies. According to opponents of the plan, sound currencies would be drawn from the fund, leaving only the un stable money of countries not ade quately required to straighten out their economic affairs. BERLIN: Dead City Entering Berlin over a month after its capture, U. S. newspa per correspondents found a city of death, strangely quiet with piles of brick and masonry and steel heaped along the streets; seared and gaunt walls sticking up like jagged teeth amidst the ruins, and all about the sweetly sickening odor of death. Though the Russians have pressed for the clearance of some streets for motor and pedestrian traffic, and installed emergency surface water piping in some sections, Berlin re mains the terrifying example of the fate of present-day cities subjected to the fire of modern warfare. As Americans motored through this fantasy of destruction, some of the 2,000,000 of surviving Ber liners living in cellars or pum meled lower stories of burned out buildings emerged from their hapless shelters, dazed and unkempt. They are living on meager rations and have no fuel. The. only men seen were old and unshaven. FARM MACHINERY: Production Problems Despite easing of manufacturers restrictions in June and the sched uled removal of all quotas in July, I arm machinery companies are run ning up against a shortage of parts and manpower in producing sorely needed implements. Of the parts, the most serious shortage is in gray and malleable castings, including cylinder blocks for tractor engines and rear axle housings. Because of the pinch, output of mowers, binders and some types of harrows, plows, hay rakes and manure spreaders may be restricted. Though the manpower shortage is general in the industry, the scarcity is particularly felt in the foundries producing castings. Throughout the entire war, foundries have experi enced difficulties obtaining the necessary amount of employees, leading to wage increases in some instances to attract workers. Because farm machinery manu facturers continued output during the war, they stand in a favored position in the reconversion period, not only because of the mainte nance of their productive facilities but also because of the continuation of their contacts with the thousands of sub-contractors turning out nec essary small parts. U. S. CASUALTIES: West Front Toll Topping a million for all branches of service since Pearl Harbor, U. S. casualties in the lighting against Germany alone since D-Day to talled 514,534 or an average of 1,527 a day. Of the 514,53*, 89,477 were killed, 367,180 wounded and 57,877 missing. - Against the 514,534 losses sus tained by the 80 U. S. combat divi sions opposing the Germans, 14 British and Canadian divisions in curred 184,512 casualties, including 39.599 killed, 126,145 wounded and 18,368 missing. Eleven French divi sions suffered 11,080 casualties and one Polish division 5,593. Of the 57,877 S. troops reported missing, 15,000 to 20,000 may be prisoners yet to be recovered, it was said. Many may have been taken as such in the closing months of the campalyi. when the disorgan ization at the Nazis prevented the official listings at prisoosrs. Notet of a Neuvpaperman: Teltfrim: "Poetic Justice. The dramatic reversal of the Reichstag trial. Goering prosecuted Georgi Dimitroff in the frame-up blaming Dimitroff for starting the Reichstag fire. And today Dimitroff is prose cuting 'Meyer' Goering! Isn't it , wonderful? ? Ralph Berendt, New York City." ? . 01 A Russian delegate to the Securi- m ty Conference was trying to throw in some light on the muddled situation S< in China (for a perplexed journal ist) before Chiang "technically" re- fjj signed his premiership. n "But why," asked the writer, "is unity so hard to establish in China, if both the Chungking Gov't and P1 Communist guerrilla forces want to destroy the Japanese?" in "Perhaps it is best explained by hi saying that it is an old custom for p< Chiang to fight the Communists," tl< replied the delegate, "and he has such love for ancient institutions ct that he will not look at the new G moon, out of respect for the old ic one." ei y< British soldiers who witnessed the capture of Lord Haw Haw gave him th the English equivalent of the Bronx e! cheer, une yelled derisively: Boys, ! it; take a look at Lord Hee-Haw, the ei man who brayed like a donkey!" ol Another Tommy (in the group it standing at ease) commented: ei "That reminds me of the time all sj the donkey-cart drivers in Britain w went on strike. They sent a delega- w tion to 10 Downing street, and the & man who was spokesman told Win nie: 'We're going to stay off the job o until you do something about that a fellow in Berlin, named Lord Haw c Haw. Our donkeys have been listen- n ing to his broadcasts, and now g every jackass thinks he can be a c radio commentator!' " it ti According to the best-Informed e gossip, Joe Da vies' flying trip to see a Churchill was for the purpose of soft-pedaling the anti-Soviet hys- b teria which has been emanating t from the London-Washington pipe- t line in recent weeks. Capitol politi- < cos have dug deep into "the guess- to what-for" basket. In a discussion r between two Administration Sena- ? tors, one remarked: "I doubt if Da- t vies will be as successful with c Churchill as he has been with ? 'Uncle Joe.' " ? "Don't worry," counselled the other. "Davies is a wise and honest man. Trouble with most of our E diplomats is that we appoint them t to avert situations which would nev- , er occur if they weren't our diplo- c mats in the first place." f When about to bury Himmler, f it's said that a British soldier c assigned to the joh speculated in c ironic vein: "Don't yon think, , sergeant, that we ought to pay r some touching tribute to the dc CtUMT "la, indeed," sued the top kick. "1 will MI Mr ? tew words," and he began: "Dear Lord, we arc bow delivering np to yow-" at which petnt he was stopped by one aI the Tom mies, who spat and said: "Lot's get 'im underground, 'e smells awfnl!" To which the sergeant tn toned: "What do you expect from a skunk?peTfame?" The Love Letter* of a Columnist: In a broadcast from Tokyo the other day (beard by the FCC) the Mikadomei News Agency heaped praises on Joe Stalin for his "pow erful leadership based on Soviet ism," which "finally overcame a danger of defeat far greater than the one facing the Japanese at present." When the item was carried in the Russian press, it was the cause for some ironic comment by the down to - earth Muscovites. One gray beard wm overheard remarking: "When the fox begins to praise the rooster, and tells him he is a fine bird, the rooster had better bo ready to fly for his life." Out of a long, painful experience, Abraham Lincoln wrote five sen tences which all of us would do well to study: "If I tried to read, much less answer, all the criticisms made of me and all the attacks leveled against me, this office would have to be closed for all other busk- j ness. I do (he best I know bow, the 1 very best I can. I mean to keep on doing this, down to the very end. , II the end brings me out all wrong, then 10 angels swearing I bad been right would make no difference. If ' the end brings me out all right. I then what is said against me now i >arachutes. Jeeps, Halftracks, Flamethrowers/ s,, 1 Will Be Used in Peacetime to Battle Forest Fires' ? lethods Devised for War Are Being Adapted to Save Timber Resources TTie swords of war become ie plowshares of peace, and us time Mars has some weap is that are going to come in ighty handy in the never end g battle against forest fires. >me very logical questions are iing asked today: Why not use -e-extinguishing bombs to drop i spreading forest fires? Why >t use bombers, equipped with recision sights, to aim these >mbs? Why not use fire-flght ? Parachute troops to drop be ad enemy" lines or to tians irt to fire regions difficult to Jgotiate by land? The man who is expected to jarge of this program is David odwrn, a veteran of the forest serv e. who has been active in anti-Ore rpeomental work tor a number of tars. Godwin already has investigated ' Possibility of dive-bombing for it Ores, using bombs which in renl y were exploding Ore extinguish s That, however, was a number years ago, and didn't meet with iuch success. It was difficult, the rperimenters found, to hit the exact ** -wl?ere tb? bomb-extinguishers th^-m.<*t f00d' and as difficulty in covering a suf ciently large area. Aviation enthusiasts, however, are hunting upon effective bomb-sight nd other precision instruments to hange this situation. As an alter ative, they believe there may be reat possibilities in the use of heli opters. No doubt a fleet of bomb tg planes could be used to advan ?ge in blasting a Are out of a forest, specially with ground support from paratrooper battalion. The use of parachute-dropped roops to fight forest flres was first ned a few years ago, and they have *en seeing action in this capacity ver since. But there never has ?een enough of them to combat a eally big firs. This number can be *panded greatly after the war, and he wartime training of para troop ombst units can bring about the ?rgahization of a formidable fire ignting force. Jeep' Will Be Fire Engine. When it comes to post-war tech uques in forest fire fighting how ever. it may be not only the uae of raves of bombing planes, and para chute troops to augment the present orces. The ubiquitous "jeep"?ac customed to the jungle trails of few Guinea and the difficult terrain tf Africa and Italy?is already rec immended by professional foresters is highly suitable for service as a ?liniature fire engine. Likewise, the r,dio unquestionably "ill be used by the thousands to ceep in contact between fire chiefs, heir crewmen, aviation spotters, pii uts and paratroopers overhead. Half-liacks," which combine au omobile speeds with tank and trac er ability to negotiate swamps and ugged land, can serve efficiently as >ig brother to the jeeps, and for use is bulldozers to scrape fire trail bar ters to the progress of flames. Bull lozers already are essential fire Lghting equipment. Even flame-throwers developed by he chemical warfare service may * called upon for building "back Ires." burning out areas in the path ^ As moo as ? (west rufti spots ? are he radios Iw the *yteg fire fighters. Here a "smoke Jam per" Is making a "feather hed landing" la the tops of a yssng eoalferoas growth. at spreading flames. Accompany ing them would be men with Are ex tinguishers, to guard against tha back fires getting out of controL The paratrooper, however, will doubtless have a glory and a duty all his own. His greatest service will come from the fact that he can get there first Once a watcher from a fire-tower or from a patrolling plane spots smoke, it need be only a few minutes until a paratrooper can land within SO or 100 yards of the blaze, and by getting there while the fire is just starting, ha will be able in man} cases to extinguish it with out additional help. Paratroopers by Hundred. But when long periods of dryness have rendered the forests highly in flammable and fires spread quickly, a radio summons from the spotters can bring reinforcements in a hur ry. A single big plane may bring a score or more paratroopers; a doz en planes could bring them by the hundreds. With their faces protected by plas tic masks, heads covered with pad ded helmets, and bodies covered with non-ripping fabrics, to spare them injuries in case of tree-top landings; and with coils of rope handy for quick descent from the trees, the paratroopers can reach a fire many precious minutes sooner than men on trucks or horseback can generally arrive. Portable fire-fighting devices that are strapped to a man's back are already standard forest equipment suitable for the paratroopers. Some times these are hand-pumps with a small tank of water. An alterna tive device uses water but builds the pressure behind it with carbon dioxide, either in its liquid form or in the form of "dry ice." Some portable extinguishers use carbon di oxide itself to play upon the fires. It snuffs them out by driving away the oxygen. Extinguishers of great er capacity and other supplies will be attached to parachutes and dropped from other planes. Meantime, the jeeps and half tracks, trucks and bulldozers will be moving up with other reinforce ments and supplies. They may bring the flame throwers to build back fires, if necessary. They'll bring long lines of hose and high-pressure pumps, powered by motors which are twins to those used on rowboats. With the high pressure equipment, they'll be able to combat fires in "snags," dead trees which are an especial menace because they tend to carry (round fires upward to the tops of other trees. Ground Reinforcements. When a forest fire goes into the tree tops it is about as difficult tc check as any fire can possibly be In an old forest a crown fire ma) be as high above ground as the 19th story of a skyscraper?erith no au tomatic sprinkler system to helj combat it. and plenty of oxygen tc make it burn freely. ALMAA aAia aMMMPV EJBMM , . _.? . a? Thus, if the original Ore does get; out of control of the Aral peratroop ers to reach it, and proves too big for the first reinforcements also, it is ahpost certain that the third wave of paratroopers and ground forces will resort to building backfires and digging trenches as the mailiiium effort to check it. Bulldozers and plow-equipped half-tracks win mech anize a large part of the digging Job. Men with flame-throwers and extin guishers will handle the backfires. Other men with gasoline powered "chain-saws" win clear the path of the bulldozers and half-tracks of trees too big for them to bowl over. America has a big stake in forest lands. Forest operators are seeing to it that our trees continue to grow, but they know that fire is the bigge* menace to growth. They need weap ons with which to fight fires, and they expect those that this war pro vides will help to keep a better con trol over this persistent enemy. /-v rio Un Land or sea, Navy P. O.Gets Mail Delivered System of 5,000 Branches Reaches Remotest Islands One of the moat gigantic war time tasks confronting postal men is delivering mall to mobile units of the fleet The mounting tempo at operations in the last year means not only that greater distances must be spumed to effect delivery "bat that a greater number of men are involved in combat activities in creasing all classes at mail to an unprecedented volume. Daring March, IMS, SUBJO pieces of letter mall passed through Fleet Pest OBee, Saa Francises to navy, marine and coast gnard per sonnel is the PaeiSc. Is Marsh. 1M4, there were KMMT pieces at letter mall dispatched to the PacMs showing dearly that the aaail vet am r increased well ever 1M per ecnt In one year. It is expected that it will rise even farther. The nerve center of the navy mail service is in the navy department. Washington, D. C. Here, ship and plane movements are traced and communicated daily to the fleet post offices by wire arid airmail. In formation on ship and plane move ments come in from all over dm world?by radio, letter and messen ger. Throughout the world, there are over 9,000 navy post offices, varying greatly in size and appearance? some within the United States hot the vast majority are on board ship or at advanced bases or oo captured and liberated islands. The large ones serving the mobile units are flrsig nated as fleet post offices. What Navy Mea Waal Extensive surveys show that navy, coast guard and marine corps per sonnel overseas above all want let ters?letters giving local news and tilling of things dopf tiihy planned. Secondly, they went ob jects with a personal sentiMental appeal such as photographs, snap shots. drawings made by youngsters, and newspaper clippings that can be enclosed in these letters. Such surveys also show that tbap positively know what they doaft want. They don't want cakes, asft candies, cookies, cigarettes and tam cy toilet kits. These foods do not survive the trip to the Pacific and arrive in a battered, moldy candb i tion. i To make sure your package ar rives in good condition, the fnOow r ing suggestions are outlined: 1. Use a streag nntshm (spa- ' eial bases are design ad far (Ms I I. Pack each article In sbmd package. ?. Inside each package pat a sheet ef paper with a list a( the eeateats aad the faB address at , the persaa te whens it is sand * pins yenr retain address. 4. Tie the has with card, Asa I WRAP It in heavy paper aad tie I it with Strang card. *. PRINT the address la Ink J directly aa the wrapping; dent I nae jrnmmed UbeU which fsR ' Experience has shown that a mam an a letter from home than a psch n-1 dansmail to'the ty* Paciteaa^lA.
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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June 21, 1945, edition 1
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