Newspapers / The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, … / July 5, 1945, edition 1 / Page 1
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The Alamance Gleaner 1 VdL tXXI - GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JULY 5, 1945 ' Na 22 WKKLY NEWS ANALYSIS 1 Japanese Maneuvers in China Betray Fear of U.S. Invasion; United Nations Chart Peace i Released by Western Newspaper Union. J WVIHB: VW> epiniens are expressed Is these eelsmss, they are these ef ?Mm ?sNpsn UaAea's news analysts and net necessarily el this newspaper.) Hkaitafliw propaganda leaflets as well as bombs on Japan. At >4i Md dapMing Uncle Sam standing over Jap leader with planes and nauda (at warlords miscalculated American strength; in center, ??hag dpn la shown polling nation down; and at right, native feudal wawaiae is pchnd battling modern D. 8. weapons, with Inssriptton quoting Jhpaaacuaad aw hawar and logic of surrender. MCVIC: haanp by both Chinese mM Japaoi troops in China com maahd the tdnini spotlight in the ?MBe, we* the enemy seeking to tmm^kan bis position on the JhMm oaMud against an ex SSme oaAoti as Okinawa (ell and ?he oeoj saperttd the anchorage %ae sad ?* presence of an impres ts* task Beet is Formosan waters, ??h Jap-eecepied Chins eon Shrei a tats defensive bas Wmm ahaeg wl* As homeland, it a^ As enemy's movements ?i ?? Indbiy apparently were daiBt he meet the threat of a aaaMand ?- 8. attack from sea an< Oiaaar assaalt en land, dHedhisaeaMalini comma Izf?r1i tan the mainland con ?M wdh the Chinese playing up their aasaedl en the big bomber base at laatn> previously lost to the Jepu, end the enemy emphasizing ?in itlieast of Hong Kong nftrae taep claimed to have foiled Magtana of ta.Mfl Chinese troops to Wr tae IBpponese maneuvered dhed in Ckna, U. S. conquest of ?inn made their overall position ?nan aeon* precarious, affording an aandfentagesatama! base for future, aarid. aan ar land assaults on either taitm tad or nearby enemy hold ?tt aatahta Formosa. ? l lit hp santa of the blood tad taiga as ale ightfaig of the aa^trtahnn campaign cost ?a Jags aver Wljm in dead amadattag ef prisoners, who tatai In ho tile to the end like ?V jimi|u vi vi ?tatahf V. 8. air, sea and inal nau doomed the ene my 1M tee start, the Japs been M (rem cave-studded tanta jmM the (aU of the ?hatf tee awe the island de |dM'W?i 0 street datura! Mm. M ?M? U. S. casual Wmt, njBtt were killed er mim tag. am* JMte wounded. VNITED NATIONS: Oat Peace Wi teal deliberations of the par te bp concessions to the ?ter I ?iti ies. the United Na Ites stepped their postwar peace svahabn into dupe at San Fran jte wite major responsibility for ?tee atahtety devolving upon the teg FSee ? the U. S., Britain, teaate Waai and China. The pact Hte asa be ratified by member ?Md te air a arievance before tor tffHtrinl security council bul aahbed by the Bi( Five as perma ?ato Baahcn, and the privilege to Ah aB asattera tailing within in taAaal lalalhan, were the two ^wpfiin won by the smaller ?Ins in At dosing sessions of ?a paby after Russian opposition. ?e^Be toa smaller nations' last ??arte - victories, however, chief W"?n ad the postwar peace organ toriim nsun in the hands of the tog fbt, with virtually they alone dfc to arbitrate disputes, impose wawrie sanctions to bring poten tod aggressors in line and call up toe toteraatisaal air, sea and ground toaeaa to iahin peace. Converse ?. sag ad toe Big Five could vetc Qtstaa af the international air, ?a and grand force under a gen y* astofary staff with regional *y*aa naiiul the first time it such an organize tioc Although no peace conference was , held at San Francisco, the United Nations postwar organization pro vided for international trusteeships over conquered enemy territory and the eventual attainment of self-rule or independence for so-called "sub ject" people. Under the arrange ments, the U. S. would be permitted to retain Jap possessions for de fensive bases until congress agreed to turn them over to the peace or ganization. In addition to providing for politi cal and military action, an interna tional court of justice was set up for the settlement of legal disputes among nations, with the security council empowered to enforce deci sions. Special bodies looking toward the social, as well as economic de velopment of nations, also were es tablished. MONARCHY: Under Fire With the opposition threatening virtual civil war if King Leopold snuuia return ui his throne in Bel g i u m, Europe's time - honored but dimming institu tion of monarchy came under further fire. Weakened long ago by constitution MwtwrlJV a 1 Bkiiu?cuvicB, kingly authority has King Leopold ' come under heavy assault in the wake of World War n, particularly where underground elements resisting Ger man occupation claimed a hold on the people. In the case of Greece, George II finds himself unable to re turn to Athens because of internal opposition; in Yugoslavia, Peter has been forced to bow to the Partisan Tito, ex-metal worker; in Italy, Vic tor Emmanuel was forced to retire because of democratic politicians' opposition to his countenancing of Fascism and puV the monarchy in Draina Tie ??li asl 11*? tuwia t/\n firm r?F popular hands. No weakling, Leopold has not been cowed by "his opposition, seek ing to return with the support of the strong Catholic party plus sym pathetic elements from other politi cal parties. Though Britain has pro fessed open neutrality in the Bel gian dispute, Leopold's mother has been active in his behalf in London, where strong attachment to mon archy continues to exist particular ly because of the opportunity it af fords for welding alliances through family relationships. RECIPROCAL TRADE: Pass New Act Termed by Pres. Harry S. Tru man "of the first order of import tance for the success of my adminis tration," the bill extending the re cipocal trade act for three years and authorizing the chief executive to cut tariff levels 50 per cent below existing levels was passed by both house and senate. By a 54 to 21 vote, the senate sent the bill to the White House for sig nature after defeating an effort to strike the President's tariff cutting authority from the legislation. Be cause some duties already have been slashed 50 per cent below the i' Smoot-Hawley schedules of 1930 un der the previous reciprocal trade i act, total reductions of 75 per cent [ will now be permissible. Though the Republican minority , bitterly opposed the bill on the grounds that it would countenance a flow of cheap goods to the U. S. in detriment to American producers, 1 administration forces experienced. , little difficulty-pushing the measure , through as a step toward interna tional ecooomic co-operation. HIGHWAY PROBE: Graft Charged Spurred by charges that hun dreds of millions of dollars are be ing grafted on the construction of the inter-American highway linking the U. S. with the Panama canal, the senate war investigating com mittee prepared to undertake a probe of all projects on foreign soil. Launched by the war department, the inter-American highway came in for the major attention, with Rep resentative Arends (111.) pointing up the charges with the declaration that while a private construction firm botched up a road building job in Nicaragua for $8,000,000, army engineers laid a similar stretch per fectly for only $2,000,000. Miles of the private job are of soft road bed and virtuallv imnassabls in m>nv parts, he said. Echoing charges at Senators Fer guson (Mich.); Moore (Okla.) and Robertson (Wyo.), Representative Arends also declared that most of the graft is made under arrange ments whereby private contrac tors rent their own equipment to the government for use on a proj ect. Monthly rental of a D-8 crawl er type tractor is $775 whether the machine is worked or left idle, he said. TRUCK STRIKES: GJ.g Man Vehicles Thousands of army troops poured into Chicago by air, vehicle and train to man idle carriers and break the back of an extended strike of members of two trucking unions dissatisfied with a War Labor board ruling allowing them a raise of $4.08 for a 51 hour week. They asked tor a $6 raise and a 48-hour week. Though neither the Independent Chicago Truck Drivers union nor the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (AFL) officially called a strike, some 10,000 of their 14,000 members were out, with non-strik ing drivers afforded police and mili tary protection on their routes. Un der federal law, union officers are liable for prosecution for calling a walkout on government ? managed industries. With workers ignoring their lead ers' Die as to return to their inha in the early day* of the strike, much essential war and civilian freight lay unmoved as the force of some 400 G.I.s and 4,000 non-striking drivers proved inadequate. When union members persisted in holding out, 10,000 additional G.I.s were or dered to the city. "The army will break the strike. You can't beat the United States army," said Ellis T. Longenecker, federal manager for the struck-bound properties. Find Tuberculosis Vaccine * Seven years of experience ml 1km Chicago Municipal Tuberculosis seni tarium have hold out high ho pa for a TB vaccina capable of preventing growth of tka disease in children whom par matt or odtor family member) here or have not been e filiated by ike melody. Known a* the bacillus of Calmette and Guerin, or BCC, after the French phytidem who developed U, the vac cine wee given to IJOt infentt within three to seven days after birth. At the seme time, IJ76 unvecdneted children were kept under observation for com parison. According to Dr. Frederick Tice of the Chicago tubercnlaeie center, only-throe i coses end one death of TB were report ed out of the I Jtl vaccinated children, while 21 cases end four deaths were re corded for those uxvacdneled. Of vac cinated children whose parents or other family members have had the disease, only one contracted TB and none died, while of the unvaccineted in the sense group four developed the malady and three died. MOSCOW: Sentence Poles In a case typical of swift Russian court procedure, 12 of the Polish un derground leaders charged with car rying on subversive activities behind Red army lines were found guilty and sentenced to imprisonment, with three acquitted. Also typical of the conduct of defendants on trial in the Soviet, the accused wholly or' partially admitted their guilt and virtually co-operated in the prosecu tion against themselves. During the brief trial, the defend ants said that the Polish under ground had been ordered into hiding by the government in exile in Lon don and advised to form a military political organization designed to re sist alleged Russian encroachments against Polish independence. Charg ing the Reds with trying to set up a communist - dominated rule in Poland, the London regime long has been at loggerheads with Moscow. Russia's arrest of the under ground leaders after allegedly invit ing them to discusa political ques tions first provoked a stir in U. S. and British circles, with one of the objectives of Harry Hopkins' recent mission to Moscow being to straight en out the tangle. LittU Known Stories About Well Known People Inept military censorship has ap palled many newspaper men. How ever, we believe there would be less quibbling between reporters and brass hat blue-pencilers if they would use the following yarn as their guide: Some years ago, an army ammunition depot exploded on the outskirts of Baltimore. But the colo nel in charge of the depot refused to give reporters any information. They promptly appealed to the gen eral commanding the corps area, who picked them up in his car and convoyed the newsboys to the scehe of the disaster. . . . They were greet ed at the gate by the colonel, who stated: "General, I have just thrown some reporters out of here." . . . The general replied: "Colonel, let me present these gefltlemen to you. They represent the local newspa pers. I've discovered that it is bet ter to give them the newi right ?way. They'll probably dig up the Information, anyhow, but a little co-operation saves them time and helps the army." . . . The general's name? Douglas MacArthur. When heavyweight champ Joe Louis was a youngster his mother tapk him to Detroit's child guidance bureau. The psychologist there studied his case. His amazing coun sel Is still a part of the bureau's files: "Teach him to do something with his hands." Anyone whs has waded through the labyrinth of Bretton Woods or studied the intricacies of reconversion is aware eco nomies is a complex subject.... Will Sogers once listened to a discussion by a group of expert economists. One of them asked Rogers: "What Is your opinion ?boat rigid economy?" ... Will Intoned: "The only thing I knew ' about rigid economy is that it Is a dead Scotchman." Lowell Thomas tells this: One evening in May, 1919, when Franklin D. Roosevelt and his wife were driv ing home, a concussion followed by a terrific explosion tore the air. Turning into their own street, they found themselves in total darkness, driving over broken glass. Every street lamp was blown away, the trees stripped of their leaves. At home they found the front door blown open, and every window shat tered. The lower floor was chaos.. . . . FDR daalfed upstairs shout ing, "Johnny, Johnny." Johnny was sleepy and confused by the uproar. He wanted to know what the trouble was. "Turn over and go to sleep," Mrs. Roosevelt said firmly and calm ly. "It's just a little bombl" . . . Ever since then, at moments of ex treme excitement or uproar in the Roosevelt household, when a meas ure of sang-froid is called for, some body quotes that priceless remark: "It's just a little bomb!" . Teddy Roosevelt Informed, a biog rapher that he lektaed a great les son in the art of diplomacy from an Indian chief. . . . While touring the west, Teddy met an Indian who had six wives. . . . Roosevelt suggested that he choose one and discard the other five. . . . After thoughtful con sideration, the chieftain agreed on one condition. "You choose the one for me to keep." he replied, "and then you teU the other five." France's great statesman, Clem enceau, demanded drastic punish ment for Germany'a war criminals 1 after the last war, but he was over I ruled by his diplomatic colleagues. Ana JUIamsat 1-*. -??? . J frt ... vut Ui|/nniwi uuui mcu vicincu* ceau: "Your demand to kill to many German* ia murder." ... The French statesman looked him straight in the eye and mapped: "Killing microbes ia also a form of murder. But they must be killed in order to cure a disease!" The OWI eootinaes to be jabbed by flapjaws who deprecate the im portance of propaganda in the cur rent struggle. But the use of propa ganda as a weapon of war isn't new. Napoleon was as wily a propagan dist as he was a militarist. .. . Dur ing the war in Spain. Bonaparte's of ficial editor penned this communi que: "The emperor with forces much inferior to the enemy inflicted a de cisive defeat on him." ... In the margin Napoleon wrote: "IdiotI I need no glory. I have more than I want already. But I need the enemy to think I have soldiers when I have not." . . . Striking out the references to his inferior forces, he wrote: "At the bead of forces far superior to those of the enemy, the emperor gained a brilliant victory." FBI's Identification Division Can Name Anyone 9 Of 97 Million People Through Fingerprint Cards I ? Huge Files Now Hold Records of Majority Of American Citizens Picture a vast room, longer and wider than a football field, with a vaulted ceiling 75 feet high, filled with long rows of steel filing cabinets. In this great hall 2,500 girls work at calculating machines, typewriters and filing cases. Then visualize 96,588,265 sepa rate fingerprint cards (the total as this is written) in these files, and you have some idea of the size of the fingerprint, or iden tification division of the federal bureau of investigation in Wash ington. But that isn't all. In addition a half dozen other large rooms are filled with hundreds of other girls engaged in classifying incoming fin gerprint cards before they are for warded to the main fingerprint files. It is a complex, tedious Job of huge proportions, but so proficient has the FBI become in this identification di vision, so expert has become the classification system, that when the sheriff of New Madrid county, Missouri, or the chief of police of Norman, Okla., or the town marshal at Blunton, ind., telephones lor iden tification of a given person, or tends in fingerprints, these officials have an answer within a few minutes. For, although there are almost 100 million separate cards, representing 100 million persons, on file, classi fication has been reduced to such a science that it is never necessary to remove more than 100 cards for com parison to make positive identifica tion. Building up this tremendous reser voir of identification cards has be come a hobby, almost a fetish, of the nation's boss G-Man, J. Edgar Hfeoyaf,' director of the FBI. He foresaw years ago the'advantage of the fingerprint system in both crim inal identification, and in civilian non-criminal investigations, both in peace and wartime. The system has had a tremendous growth during these five war years. Barean Expanded by War Need. For instance, on July 1, 1941, the bureau had approximately 21,700,000 fingerprint records on file. But since the war, fingerprint records have been coming into the bureau at the rate of about 22,000 dally. Impetus kaa Keen elcren tli a aaleA^tre 1'BO LTV?U f>??u wu TIB un.w ?? service eyitem, and the civil service commission, which requires finger printing of all employees. War workers are all fingerprinted, too and copies are sent to the bureau, so thst during these war years about 77 million prints have been added. The Job of classifying, filing and sorting these millions of separate cards has been a tremendous one. First it was necessary to recruit girls from all over the nation. These girls had to be above the average, with high school or college educa tions. They took the regular FBI oath. Their habits and lives were thoroughly investigated and even their place of residence in Washing Ion picked from a list supplied and approved by the FBI. But to get this bureau started ... to overcome the popular preju dice against being fingerprinted, to tell police officials on the advantages of the fingerprint system in the ear ly days, took months and months of educational work by FBI agents traveling throughout the country. Enlisted Help of Local Police. It took painstaking effort on the part of the bureau to build up good will among police officials and pub lic officials everywhere. In those* early days every agent had orders when passing through a town to patf nis respects to ine pouce omciais and to pass along a "message" from J. Edgar Hoover concerning his will ingness to help in any local investi gation. The crux of the message was "don't forget to take finger prints and send them in." The identification division is now housed, for the duration, in the brand-new white stone District of Co lumbia national guard armory. It occupies the whole building, and has constructed new temporary addi tions to house the cafeteria, lounges and locker rooms. Where it will go after the war is a question. Criminal identification is indispen sable in combating crime and of course is a most potent factor in apprehension of the fugitive. From the earliest annals of history, per sonal identification of some charac ter has been in vogue. Members of one savage tribe were distinguished from others through distinctive at tire, bodily decorations, or charac , terlstic scars from self-inflicted cuts or bums. It was not until the ad ^jmm This is a portion of the Personal Identification Form, showing the In fers of the left hand. The print of each finger Is also recorded sep arately on the eard, which also con tains all necessary written data. 1 vent of photography, however, that I law enforcement agencies initiated I modern methods and built up 1 "rogues" galleries. The famous I Bertillon method, a system of meas- < urements of certain bony parts of i the antomy in addition to the front- I al and profile photographs, was an 1 effective but not a positive means of identification since it was early real- I ized that ono operative would take 1 these measurements "loose" and an- < other would take them "close" re sulting in different classifications. This system, nevertheless, was tha best possible until the fingerprinting method was developed, in the early 1900s. The pioneer work was done by Sir Francis Galton, a noted British scientist, who discovered that no two individuals in-the world have identi cal fingerprints, and that the pattern remains unchanged throughout life. In 1893 he assembled the first collec tion of fingerprints in the world. In 1898 the International Associa tion of Chiefs of Police, which in cludes the heads of police depart ments of most of the principal cities of this country and Canada, estab lished a special bureau at Chicago. This was later removed to Wash ington and became known as the National Bureau of Criminal Iden tification. Its purpose was the com piling of Bertillon records. As use of the Bertillon system was discon tinued the national bureau gradually began acquiring a collection of fin gerprint records. FBI Teok Over in 1934. In 1934 this identification division was placed under the jurisdiction of the FBI and received and consolidat ed in Washington the records of both the National Bureau of Criminal Identification and the records of the Leavenworth Driaon. More than 11,000 law enforcement agencies to day are submitting prints to the bu reau and more than 600 fugitives are identified by the bureau each month. The bureeu has now on file more than 1,300,000 prints of persons ap plying for government positions un der the Civil Service commission. Comparison with criminal records show that 7.7 per cent of these have had a previous criminal history, or about 1 out of 20 applicants. Through the vigilance of the FBI these people are barred from obtaining positions of trust within the government. Here's an example of how these requests of identification work. In 1030 the Works Projects administra tion in New York City submitted prints of a woman applying for a job as housekeeper. Search re vealed that she was arrested in June, 1033, on a first degree murder charge and a fingerprint card sent from Sing Sing indicated that the woman was incarcerated at Ossining, N. Y., awaiting execution for murder. It is interesting to note that after being sentenced to execution in 1033, this woman was somehow free six years later. On September 14, 1M4, 29 perms were killed in a train wreck at Terre Haute, Ind. Twenty or more were army air corps men returned tram overseas. Difficulty was experienced In identifying the bodies, but finger prints were sent to the FBI. Ex perts carefully checked the incom ing fingerprints and identified eight of them under names sent in from Indiana. Two other prints, however, were not identical with those of mil itary personnel whose names were given, but were identified as two oth er soldiers whose names had not Oeen furnished. So not all identifications are crim inal identifications. Missing persons lave been found, amnesia victims identified, traffic accident victims Identified ... for instance? Fingerprints of an amnesia victim from Fresno county general hospital In California were received. The vic tim had been asked to write on her fingerprint card any names which came to her mind. She listed seven names and addresses in Gary, Ind., Seattle, Wash., and Charleston, W. Fa. As soon as the prints were re ceived by FBI they were found to be identical with a set of prints re ceived from Portland, Ore., from s company doing war work. In mak ing the application the woman, of course, had given her correct name and this information was furnished the police in Fresno. The woman had no criminal record in the FBI files. Importance of fingerprint identifi cation of non-criminals is pointed out when the department shows that in the past year alone 9,000 bodies were taken to morgues and nearly 2,000 doomed to burial in potter's fields because of inability of authori ties to Identify them. During the same year more than 200,000 persons disappeared in this country and were sought by relatives and friends. Fin gerprinting has solved thousands of these tragedies and returned many lost folks to their loved ones. The department in this connection points out the advantage of volun tary, widespread fingerprinting. As a permanent seal of personal iden tity these fingerprint records offer in dubitable benefits to those who take advantage of the service. According to Mr. Hoover, it ap pears to him as ridiculous that if a victim of amnesia or of a disaster has a prior criminal record, his fam ily will be immediately notified, while if he has lived within the law, his family, ignorant of his trouble, can render no aid. This is am ever-recurring paradox because fin gerprinting of the criminal la the rule, while fingerprinting of die law abiding citizen Is still the exception. All civil personal Identification prints are kept in flits separate and apart from the criminal records and are there available in case the Individual meets with any mishap which makes it necessary to deter mine his identity. One interesting sidelight on the criminal identification side is the maintenance in conjunction with Ha regular alias name file, an addi tional file of nicknames. This nick name file now includes approximate ly 285,000 casds and is of value hi Mt? M i ? h i ? . tk.4S.nKh, n.|^K.U who ar? hahwn only by aliases and nicknames. It sometimes occurs that the only clue to a particular crime is a nick name used unconsciously during the crime. Many of these names are descriptive and amusing such as Ash Pan Slim, Dill Pickle, Cream Pufls. Ant Eater, Bughouse Bill, etc. A number of cases have been solved by coordinating these names with fin gerprints. The mala Hie ma b Mr bwtbl la the (ml brill hall at the aattaaal pui uawj. The liiatHiillia flfhhi ef Mm FBI aaw ine>m At eatire araiery. Ml in a temperary airin ??( After the Mat a ?mW
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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July 5, 1945, edition 1
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