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- ????IM.M.M il I iVJ [|T|a 11 Nazi Influence Remains To Vex Allied Control Indoctrination of Youth and Lethargy of Mass Of People Obstacle to Efforts to Reconstitute Beaten Nation. By BAUKHAGE News Analyst end Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. (This is ike Arts ol Sm articles by Mr Bmskhmfi rexealins how the results o Bimmlar'i "planned terror" are making i hard for the Americans to "nut" Oct atemy.) The hearings of the Kilgore sub committee on war mobilization con cluded in the last weeks of con gress and are to be resumed next September. Testimony before the committee has revealed certain "se cret documents" showing plans or the part of various German indus trialists to subsidize a Nazi under ground party. The purpose of the hearings, Sena tor Kilgore's associates tell me, is to prepare the United States against a future recrudescence ol German militarism. If such underground organizations exist and continue to exist it will be necessary to hunt them out ol their hiding places if we can. This la coins to be esDeciallv difficult since some of those hiding places undoubtedly will be on foreign terri tory and it may not be easy to reach across the frontiers of nations not too unfriendly to the Nazi ? Fascist idea. Meanwhile there is an immedi ate problem to be faced and that is the practical task of "running Ger many," something which it is gen erally admitted is going to be hard er than we thought. There are many baffling factors of a purely physical aspect which enter into the scheme but I do not intend to deal with them here. I want to talk about the psychological problem which is recognized by trained observers on the scene but perhaps not as fully understood as it might be. It may be recalled that some months ago there appeared in these columns an exposition of the organi zation and the indoctrination of the German people and the integration of all elements in Germany into a single unit, created (or the purpose of waging total war. This dealt with the positive ate pa taken in the train ing of the youth and conversion or compulsion exerted over such of the older geaeration as were sufficiently pliable. In this and a succeeding ar ticle 1 propose to deal with what might be called a program of nega tion since its purpose was to destroy the quality of resistance to Naziism on the part of those too old or too stubborn to accept, actively or pas sively, the Nazi regime. It is what I have alluded to as the program of "planned terror." NoMeofiea Extended Te All Classes first, it must be remembered that since the Nazis were in full power for about 12 years and the real in doctrination of the Germany youth began at about the age of 12, there might be presumed to remain a group of middle-aged Germans who escaped the full blight of Nazi in doctrination. Normally they would be the ones most likely to offer col laboration with the American or other officials and most amenable to an acceptance of democratic methods and beliefs. Of course, there are some such On the other hand, although this group who by age or inclina tion were less favorable to Nazift cation, the majority have no' escaped the effects of Nazi rule These men were brought up in I mors or less normal 20th centurj atmosphere, regimented to some ex tent, it is true and with the lon| tradition of German militarism be hind them, but at root a kindly businesslike, churchgoing folk whoa evils were environmental and no necessarily hereditary as the: proved when they left home and set tied an our shores. They are the ones in German; whom we blame for failing to aris< and overthrow the Hitler regime, to accepting it and its inhumanities We find them now, according t most of the persons who have visit ed Germany, befuddled, submissivs yet resentful; but honestly reject ing all personal, individual responsl bility for war guilt of Germany an the atrocities of the Nazis. For th most part they have proved abou as valuable in assisting in th governing of their country as i large piece of slightly rancid dougb , To meet this and other conditions existing in the Allied zone of occu pation, the psychological warfare f division of supreme headquarters i has a special program worked out. ? (And don't be frightened at the $64 title of that organization?a lot of our boys are alive today because of . its assault on the enemy as you will learn some day.) : Aim to Reorient German Mind , A part of the aim of the Ameri can program is to help maintain or . der, and its long-range objective is described as "reorienting the Ger man mind, after 12 years of Nazi ism." General McClure, head of the psy , chological warfare division, ex plains the immediate objectives of the information bureau of his divi 1 sion as "(1) to maintain and deep | en the mood of passive acqui escence and acceptance of orders to (ka rioemon nnnnla niul sa 4a #aaJ1s tat* the completion of the occupa tion of Germany; (2) to undertake ?pecial campaigns required by mili tary government, and (3) to take the first steps toward arousing a sense of collective responsibility for Ger many's crimes and to provide the facts which expose the fatal conse quences of Nazi and militarist lead ership and German acquiescence in them." General McClure realizes that step number three is a long one and ; a high one. At present the Ameri can occupation officials are in a somewhat paradoxical position. They are expected to maintain strict military discipline and in the same breath in which they order, "Stand at attention," they have to say, "Now think for yourself!" And furthermore the Nazis have done all that is humanly possible ? or I should say, inhumanly possible?to see that there is nothing left of initi ative or individual responsibility in Germany. Having created this state of chaos, they hope to gain an in terim in which to strengthen their underground. It is not organized reaiitance which the American occupation is meeting. Out of 10,000,000 or more Germans in the American zone, so far less than 4,000 have been jailed for acts inimical to the American military regime, but hundreds and hundreds have been fired from the civil administration because they cannot produce a clean anti Hitler-record or they have definite connections with the Nazi party or its activities. What many people fail to realize in this connection is how thorough the Nazificatlan of Germany has been. I had occasion to point out in previous columns that the Ger man people were the Nazis' first conquest, that it took longer than the military conquest of any of the nations occupied by the German armies and that the preparation for this domestic campaign was long and thorough. Recently we have had a chance to learn more about what a concentra tion camp really was. I refer not only to the grisly horrors revealed by the dead and the living-dead found in the captured camps. What ia far more deeply revealing is the testimony of some of the former in mates who were released earlier with their brains still intact From - them we learn the powerful psy 1 chological influence! of the treat ? ment of prison era by the geatapo. ' Thia psychological effect reached ' those outside, too. Further, by re - peating publicly the camp bru I talities in a milder form and like - wise by means of the tyrannical re ? atrictlona on the whole people, all > Germany waa turned into one great 1 concentration camp. This was delib r erately planned. ' From my own personal experi ences in Nazi Germany I can r testify that this last statement is a not an exaggeration. I have felt the r "terror" atmosphere which the gee i tapo created even for a foreigner, 0 reasonably sure of safe and un V molested departure from the ec i, cursed country. Leaving Germany v in wartime, herded into the station i- under the piercing eyes of the SS 1 troopers, with the invisible presence e of the gestapo all about one, had a t paralyzing effect on a person even a though he had a passport in his a pocket and the sovereign power at l the United States behind him. BARBS ... &y Baukhag? Don't psychoanalyie the returned G.I., lays General Eisenhower, pat him on the back. And, he might have added, keep your hand out at his pocket while you're doing tt. e ? ? Surplus war uiupeily is estimated as equal In value to one-third at all the man-made ptupeiij In this coun try I?i_than 19 years ago, from ihirrr rfi'Vfik-'iV"? -ffr? - The German wine crop ia SO per cent better than average thii year. But the leea are bitter. ? ? ? It'a a paradox that for all of an army'a deatructiveneaa, 000.000 man now in the armed force*, according to Senator Murray, chairman of the email buaineta committee, have had training or experience in oooatiuc tten work. * s>.33?.> ?? V* .f - ? -* - . Jap Suicide Planes Cause Tremendous Damage The C. 8. Carrier Booker Bill, hit twice by Japanese suicide planes within 3d seconds, shows the ef fectiveness oI the newest campaign of Japs against our battle fleet. Nearly 400 men were reported killed or missing and 204 wounded on the CSS Banker HOI. Cpper left, shows one of holes caused by bomb. Low er left, planes after Are swept the deck. Cpper right, Capt. G. A. Selts, right, and Comdr. Howell J. Dyson, of the Bunker Hill. Lower right shows photographs of the ship while Are was still raging. United Nations Delegates Sign Charter President Trnrasn, center, shewn speaking to the United Nations conference at their first meeting after the charter had been signed. Upper left, former Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinins as he signed the official charter for the United States. He will represent the United States in the permanent organization. Up per right, V. K. Wellington Koe, minister of foreign affairs for China, was the first the representatives of M nations at the conference to sign charter. \ Model Airplane Fans Compete The Prop Spinners held their sixth annual Northeastern champion ship treat for gas-pew ared model airplanes at HlcksviUe, L. I., N. Y., tad both the Jaaiee and senior class contestants were oat in an their glory. Above is a general view daring one of the events. A contestant blanches his plane. Others prepare their craft for a record light. Tiger Hank Returns I After four years away from bis league baseball diamonds, Hank Greenberf, twice selected as Amer ! lea's outstanding baseball player, returns to the Detroit Tigers of the American league. Benes Reviews Lidice Troops Mm ?f tha m Cseeh tmj present inu u they are rertewed by Pmtdct Edaard Beaes at Cseeboslarakia on the stU at the town at t^^wMcbwwJrrahid by the Germans in l?^ta ^retahattsn far th> \ v ."?% ? -.XV 4 V - Little, but Oh, My! Quit* cute ere these three-dey-eld ?tanks when they errtre hi New Toll ui ere admired by their new tan. Give them a few mewtha and they win be gtrea e wMe berth. ? <i ???"*>? :W '?*? *"*, WAR'S GREATEST SAGA When the Anal history of the war la told, one of its greatest chapters will describe that branch of the serv ice totally new to war?the - Air Transport command. Transporting prime ministers and presidents, wounded men, jeeps and Pat Hur ley's Cadillac over oceans and des erts has now become commonplace news to the American public. But behind that commonplace news is a thrilling story of painstaking, back breaking pioneering. Here are some things few people know about the Air Transport com mand : ? Most used air route in the world is not between Washing ton and New York, not between New York and Chicago, bnt over "The Hump" between China and India. . . . Traffic over this world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas, is so heavy that planes travel at different alti tudes so there will be no colli sions. One plane will have or ders to fly at 22,000 feet, another at 23,000, and so on. Three or four different air routes are used across the Hump, also to avoid collisions. Next most heavily used air route I is across the North Atlantic. The | ATC sends a plane across the At j lantic every 58 seconds. That's about as fast as traffic moves on the Penn sylvania railroad between New York and Philadelphia, busiest rail line in the world. . . . The ATC is now fly ing returning troops across the At lantic at a rate of 50,000 per month. . . . For years, ATC pilots have been briefed on how to land on the difficult airports of Green land, Iceland or China. Now the ATC has the tremendous thrill of briefing pilots on arriving at home ports?Boston, Portland, Long Is land. . . . Pilots say that no briefing was ever more welcome. From Battle Fronts. More than 220,000 wounded men have been carried in ATC planes away from the battle front. Dur ing the early stages of Okinawa fighting, planes swooped down on makeshift runways, taxied up to am bulances, took off right under the j noses 01 jap guns. Stretchers were loaded aboard while the planes re ! fueled. . . . One big ATC job has ; been getting crashed fliers out of the Himalayas. Amazing fact is that 75 per cent are saved. . . . Lt. Gen. Harold George, boss of the ATC, realized in advance that crashes would be heavy over the Hump, so men were given special training on how to live in the jungles. They were even taken to jungle outposts to get familiar with the jungle be fore they hopped. . . . Every plane flying the Hump has a small tin chest (with its own parachute) con j taining medicine, snake-bite, anti dote, water purifier, concentrated ; food, signal flares, mirrors, mosqui ; to nets, etc.- This chest is kept near ! the plane's door. If the crew has to jump, the chest is kicked out be ' fore the last man leaves the plane. I... In the jungle, crews are taught l to stay where they are until sighted | by rescue planes which signal in structions as to where they can be picked up. . . . Natives ase usually friendly and the chances of getting rescued from the jungle are far bet ter than if a flier drops over the des ert or in the sea. Japs Shot Down Many. The Japs shot down many ATC planes early in the war by painting their DC-4s with U. S. insignia. . . . i Flying up close, the Japs waited until they had perfect targets, then fired. . . . U. S. planes had to be repainted. Before Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt ordered special fighter planes rushed to the British in Egypt where Rommel had General Montgomery's back to the wall. . . . However, fight er planes couldn't make the long trek across Africa without refueling and there was no airport in the heart of the continent. . . . One day an 1 American engineer was dropped off ' a plane almost in the center of Af rica, in French territory not far from the Sudan. He had his pockets ! stuffed with money, and his head l stuffed with ideas. That was about i all. He also had instructions to | build an airport. . . . Six weeks later the ATC came back and he had a 4,500-foot sodded runway in fairly good shape. He had drafted most of the camels and most of the na tives in that part of Africa and paid them plenty to do the Job. Fighter planes immediately began crossing to the Egyptian front and the Brit ish army staged its comeback. . . . Today the French arc making diplo matic inquiries as to this airport, apparently with a view to taking it I over. Fifty Million Letters. Fifty million letters were flown by the ATC to Europe in April. This peak load has now dropped off due to troop transfers out of Europe, but the ATC has been the largest msil carrier in history. . . . Also it runs the world's largest hotel chain. It must be prepared to handle 1,000 men a night at Natal, Brazil, also feed them. ATC hotels are scat tered all over the world to handle ferrying and combat pilota. . . , | When the weather Is bod, hotel tacOMaa overflow. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT MISCELLANEOUS FASCINATE FRIENDS. 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The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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July 12, 1945, edition 1
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