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The Alamance Gleaner
VaL LXXI GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JULY 19, 1945 . No. 24 1
9 ?fc???
OTCEKLT NEWS ANALYSIS?
Japan Begins to Feel Full Weight
Of Allied Air, Sea, Land Blows;
Europe Warned of Food Shortage
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
!???!? I NOTE: When opinions ere repressed In these eeluann. they ere these el
?Man Wisereper Union's saws analysis and net necessarily of this newspaper.)
May sides of beef, whole hoys, veal and lamb hang In the aging
aaaaa at a quick freese and food locker plant in Towson, Md., near
Mtaan, while OPA investigators question locker holders about their
?aad applies. The OPA reported that it was not satisfied with the ex
ghadhas af holdings given by half of the group questioned to date.
JAPAN:
Tmget for Onslaught
Japan's dwindling empire was
given a thorough going over with
hands, warship strikes and offen
anes by American and Australian
had farces.
la an attack that carried Amer
faaa naval power almost within sight
af Knssian Siberia, a U. S. battle
fleet made a surprise bombardment
the Japanese-held southern hslf
af Sakhalin island in the Sea of
fflhnlil The Tokyo radio reported
flwt American surface units had
hnfcea through the Kurile barrier
and steamed more than 500 miles
westward to attack Sakhalin. Tokyo
Bewise reported an American bat
?e fleet threatening the northern
aaast af Japan.
Meanwhile the relentless air of
fensive snuffing out Japanese war
traduction cities continued unabat
ad. Climaxed by an hour-long radio
rtilmp at American fighter planes
railing three Tokyo airfields for the
l^iaiuii air force to come up for
tattle, approximately 800 planes set
aff the latest fires and explosions
? Japan. Fires in four Japanese
dtia honied so brightly they could
ha'aeeu simultaneously by returning
Mi pilots. Everything from power
houaea to light houses was strafed.
Six Tokyo air fields were riddled
with bombs. Two Japanese destroy
ers were hit in the Yellow Sea.
Borneo Oil
On Borneo the coveted oil fields
held by the Japs since early 1942
*ame closer into Allied hands. De
struction of well facilities by the
Japs bad been widespread but en
gineers were prepared to work on
sepairs. Australian and American
forces were co-operating in the lib
eration of this former Dutch hold
fog. With Australian infantrymen
battering at the last Jap footholds
fo Balilpapan, this major oil port
was fo Allied hands. Across the bay
has the city, artillery had shelled
strongly placed enemy guns. Mean
while engineers had rushed recon
auacuon a( ine captured Sepingang t
air atrip. i
KUSS AID: !
r
For China Foreseen
Ta Japan the dread question of .
passable Russian participation in the '
Pacidc war was heightened by the j
cardial reception Chinese Premier
T. V. Soocig received in Moscow on
Hi aOkdal visit to the Soviet Union. t
ftnip diplomats in the Red cap- c
M reported that the Japanese mis- r
ahn Here were highly nervous over i
Ha Meadly relations evident be- /
Ho He Chinese and Russians. c
At Jape were die only diplomats
who Hi not attend a sumptuous re- f
aepttso Hat Vacheslav Molotov, so- i
sHt fsreign commissar, gave for t
Premier Soong. c
Whether the Russ-Chinese meet- (
Hps presaged future action by the
aehhs against Japan continued to s
ho a saaal question, but reports were h
?anal that Soong might at least a
arpsllsle a mutual aid pact where- b
hp Russia would unoertake to sup- I
?if Chinese armies without lending *
Hani Hrect military aid. In return fl
? was assumed that China would
Haha certain concessions to Russia 11
?paoH% granting a warm water e
ones! hast ha the Ilaohmg pcnin- g
a( Manrhiiiia and certain rail- ?
sop transportation rights through g
CABINET CHANGES:
Morgenthau No. 6
The resignation of Secretary of
the Treasury Henry Morgenthau
marked the sixth member of Presi
dent Truman's official family who
has severed his ties with the cabi
net The five who preceded him
were Secretary of Labor Frances
Perkins, Postmaster General Frank
Walker, Secretary of Agriculture
Claude Wickard, Attorney-General
Francis Biddle and Secretary of
State Edward Stettinius. Successors
to all five have assumed their of
fices.
Secretary Morgenthau's resigna
tion was accompanied almost
simultaneously by the resignation of
Associate Justice Owen D. Roberts
from the Supreme court. This was
the first resignation from the high
tribunal in President Truman's
term, but unlike those of the cabi
net. it was not exnected tn set a
precedent for others.
Justice Roberts, appointed by Pres
ident . Hoover had served 15 years
}n the Supreme court. One of his
most notable public services was
performed as head of the commit
tee that investigated the Peqrl Har
t>or disaster.
PHILIPPINES:
Springboard for Tokyo
In one of the proudest moments
)f his thrill-studded career. Gen.
Douglas MacArthur proclaimed that
he Philippine Islands had been won
>ack "in the greatest disaster ever
lustained by Japanese arms."
The doughty American command
sr announced that the islands' 115,
>00 square miles are being trans
formed into bases "comparable to
he British Islands" to pace the
march on Tokyo. H
The saga of the Philippines tri- ]
jmph disclosed that in 250 days of |
campaigning, 17 American divisions ;
lefeated 23 Jap divisions in "one of
he rare instances when . . . a
[round force superior in numbers (
vas entirely destroyed by a numer- !
cally inferior opponent."
? was esumaiea mai uu.uuu jap
tnese were slaughtered, including
luch hated outfits as the 16th Im
>erial division which had tortured 1
American and Filipino prisoners in '
he "Death March" of 1942 follow
ng the (all of Bataan.
FOOD:
Europe Must Speed Output
A blunt warning to the liberated
lations of Western Europe to speed
ip their own food production be
ause relief shipments from abroad
nay fall short of expectation has
teen delivered, according to Dennis
L. Fitzgerald, United States deputy
in the combined food board.
Officials of the nations involved
tave been told that "they'd better
tart pulling themselves up by
heir own bootstraps and use every
onceivable device to increase their
iroduction," Fitzgerald disclosed.
Liberated countries have been ao
ured that vigorous efforts are be
ig made to give them all assist
nce possible, he said, but they
ave also been reminded that the
Tnited States "still has a full-sized
rar in the Pacific" which will get
rst call on our own food stocks.
By far the largest share of re
ef shipments to Europe will be
om posed at wheat and flour. Fits- ?
erald reported. Approximately i
90,000 bushels at wheat are ex- i
acted to go out from the U. fl, and i
"*? -
UNIVERSAL TRAINING:
Governors Hear Plans
Pleas for support of a system of
universal military training after the
war were made to the 37th annual
governors' conference at Mackinac
island by Gen. George C. Marshall,
army chief of staff, and Adm. Er
nest King, chief of the U. S. fleet.
Meeting with the state executives
to report on the progress of the war
on Japan, the top leaders of the
army and navy pictured universal
military training as essential to the
future safety of the United States.
The two chieftains warned that if
there should be another world war,
it would come swiftly, without time
or opportunity to train a large army.
Maintenance of a strong national
guard with a large reserve main
tained through universal training
would keep the United States pre
pared, they declared, without the ne
cessity of a large standing army.
ATLANTIC AIR:
O.ICd for Three Lines
Certificates authorizing the opera
tion of air transportation routes
across uie north Atlantic were Is
sued to three United-States air car
riers by the Civil Aeronautics board.
The companies are Pan-American
Airways, Inc., Transcontinental and
Western Air, Inc., and the American
Air Lines, Inc. Terminal points des
ignated by the board include New
York, Boston, Philadelphia, Wash
ington, Chicago and Detroit.
The certificates authorizing the
new services were limited to a term
of seven years "in order that the
operations thereunder, after a rea
sonable period, may be reviewed."
The action of the Civil Aeronau
tics board was approved by Presi
dent Truman.
BERLIN:
GJ.s Take Over Area
As Maj. Gen. Nikolai N. Barinov,
soviet commander in Berlin, formal
ly turned the American occupation
zone in the German capital over to
Gen. Omar N. Bradley, the Amer
ican flag was raised over the Adolf
Hitler barracks.
A 4,000 vehicle convoy brought the
American forces from Halle to the
Zehlendorf area of war battered
Berlin which will comprise the U. S.
zone of occupation. American vet
erans of World War II entered the
former Nazi stronghold as conquer
rors, returning the smart salutes of
Red army traffic police.
For the duration of the occupation
oi we Keicn oy Allied armies, Ber
lin was to be jointly in the hands of
the Russians, the Americans and the
British. The British generally will
control the northwest area of the
city, including the localities of Char
lottenburg and Wilmersdorf.
WAR PRODUCTION:
96,359 Planes
A forecast of the enormous Amer
ican industrial capacity for postwar
years was given by J. A. Krug, War
Production board chairman, in a re
view of production results by war
plants since the summer of 1943.
The United States produced 45 per
cent of the world's munitions in 1944,
Mr. Krug's report disclosed.
"In 1944 the country produced 96,
359 airplanes, including 18,043 heavy
bombers, built 30,889 ships, 17,565
tanks, 595,330 army trucks, and pro
duced. 3,284 heavy, field . guns and
howitzers and 7,454 light ones, 152,
300 army aircraft rocket launchers,
115,177 bazookas and 1,148,774 fans of
ground artillery ammunition," the
report declared.
STARVATION STATION:
Discovered in Bavaria
The grisly discovery of a Nazi
"scientific starvation" station which
was claiming children and adult
victims until recently was re
ported by two public health officials
?A the American Military govern
ment in Bavaria.
The arrest of 4 German doctors
ind 3 hospital attendants at the sta
tion in the Kadfbeuren area. 45
miles southeast of Munich, preceded
the announcement One woman con
fessed killing 211 children for which
the drew extra compensation, the
mnouncement said.
LEGION:
Backs U. N. Charter
Full support of the 1,600,000 mem- i j
>ers of the American Legion, induci
ng veterans of both World wars was
pledged to the United Nations char
er when National Commander Ed
vard Schieberling urged the senate
0 ratify the pact.
Schieberling set forth his views in
1 letter to all members at the sen
ile.
"The American Legion feels that
he San Francisco charter is an
Kmast and able attempt to create
i workable association of free and
overeign nations," the letter de
iaraC "implemented with force to
nalntsln peace and prevent recur
ence at war. It is obvious that It
s the beet and oofy charter that caa
.-we,- ?
Words Without Music:
The Waraer Brothers' film blog o4
George Gershwin reminds of several
musical oddities which should be
new to most of us. For example, the
origin of "Yankee Doodle." ... Dur
ing the French and Indian War in
1755, a ragged army was camped
on the Hudson, a little south of Al
bany. The militia was so pitiful an
Englishman named Shuckberg Just
for giggles revived a ditty tagged
"Yankee Doodle," which was whis
tled in Cromwell's time. ... He
passed the tune off as a celebrated
European martial air, scribbling
some double-talk lyrics for it . . .
The gag was on him. Two decades
later, a tiny American army won
its independence from Britain to the
tune of "Yankee Doodle!"
Four hundred thousand Joke-boxes
will go overseas to keep our men
entertained with the latest record
ings. . . . C. Porter's "Begin the
Beguine" and "Night and Day" are
suu printed in lota of 100,000.
Known as "popular standards" in
the music biz. . . . Otto Harbach is
doing a musical play named "Meet
Miss April." . . . Four hundred
million recordings were sold this
year. . . . They say 100 new record
ing Arms have popped up. . . . "Rose
of No Man's Land" (which sold 5,
000.000 copies) and "Till We Meet
Again" (which sold 6,000,000) were
the biggest song hits of World War
1. All the ditties of this war haven't
equalled the sale of any of the i
above standouts.
Mention of "Yankee Doodle"
above recalls that an American
gratefully returned the British favor
in another war over a century '
later. . . . Most of us know "Keep
the Home Fires Burning" was prob
ably the most popular of English
songs during World War I. . . . Ivor
Novello, English actor, created its
lyrics, of course. But a little known
fact is that Lena Guilbert Ford
composed its melody, reportedly in
10 minutes after Novello had ex- I
citedly read her its words via the I
phone. . . . Miss Ford was killed in >
1918 in a German air raid over Lon- |
don. She was an American, born in ,
Pt I? M "
ciuiiua, n. z.
Speaking o( the Gershwin flicker, I
here is how wrong some critic* can ,
be. . . . This is what the concert ap
pralser of the N. Y. Herald Trib
une (Lawrence Oilman) had to say
of the now-famed "Rhapsody in
Blue" when Paul Whiteman pre
miered it here: "Moat?ambitious
piece on yesterday's program was
the 'Rhapsody in Blue' of Mr.
Gershwin. Weep ovdr the complete
lifelessness of its melody and har
mony?so derivative, so stale, so in
expressive I"
Only one Gershwin tune was ever
network-banned. That was the ditty
tagged "Nice Work If You Can Get
It." The air censors decided its
lyrics were a bit too risque. . . .
Sole Porter's "Love for Sale" from
the "New Yorkers" had the same
trouble. . . . Jimmy -Walker did his
unsuccessful best to get them radio
lirings.
The flrst bines sang, aeeerdiag to i
luthority Isaac Goldberg, was per- '
tormed in New York on May 20,
1799. . .. Then a comic opera tagged
'The Paddock" premiered in a the
itre in Gotham. It was an adapta
tion of a diversion written by
7h?rl?? Dilvfin flllH Hi** na-J 1
? ?. ? ... . ?WM |^C*U>tUICU '
it the Drury Lane Theatre in Loo
ion. Lewis HaQam, playing the part
>f a West Indian slave, had this
lor the punchline of his big musical
lumber: "Me wish to de Lord me 1
ems dead!"
b the Wanes film, there Is a j
wens demonstrating how A1 Jolson
nserts Gershwin's "Swanee" in
'Sinbad," at the Winter Garden.
. . Old-timers In show biz will par
Ion the dramatic liberty. First time
'Swanee" was heard on B'way was
n the initial show opening the Capi- .
ol Theatre on the Stem. . . . Jolson
ater interpolated it in his show,
rhis is not the first time a hit song
ras pushed into a Broadway pro
luction and made a smash of the
ipus. Some years ago a show called
'The Girl Behind the Counter" was
?laying to moderate houses at the
lerald Square Theatre. . . . One .
light the management inserted a |
>aul Linoke tune tagged "Glow
Vorm." Next day the song and the
how were the talk of the town. . . .
mother time, a Reginald de Koveo
>pus was playing the Standard The
itre at Mth St. Business was off,
o a new song was written into the
reduction. It carried the show sue
National Farm Safety Week Making
Effort to Reduce Heavy Loss Burden
< I
17,000 Deaths Can
Be Eliminated in
Agricultural Areas
Farmers and their wives and
children, as a rule, are too busy
producing food for wartime Ameri
ca to have any time to go hunting
for danger and death.
Nevertheless, government safety
officials declare, back borne on the
farm is far from being the safest
place in the world to live.
Trouble is, safety engineers point
out, that accidents don't wait for
people to go looking for them. They
just happen. And they happen most
ly to people ? like farmers ? who
are too busy doing an important job
to think about how to avoid acci
dents.
Calling attention to America's con
tinuing need for the skill and labor
of her farmers. President Truman
said:
"I urge farm people everywhere
to observe National Farm Safety
week by making a safety check in
their homes and on their farms . . .
I request all persons and organiza
tions concerned with agriculture
ana iarm ure 10 ao everyining in
their power to educate (arm people
in the proper precautiona by which
they may eliminate (arm hazards."
President Truman has proclaimed
July 22 to 28 as National Farm
Safety week.
Burns usually rank second in im
portance on the (arm home accident
list. Causes include careless smok
ing, the use of kerosene in start
ing kitchen fires, placing pans of
boiling liquid too close to the edge
of a kitchen stove, as well as many
other instances at haste or care
lessness, or both.
Records show that i( parents
make sure at all times that firearms
Farm Front Casualties
The following figures are based
on statistics from Pearl Harbor
to January 1, 1945. During the
same period, total war casualties
at U. S. forces, both army and
navy, amounted to 764,852. These
figures are (or (arm residents
only.
Killed 53,000
Injured 5,000,000
Killed on job 13,500
Killed in traffic 14,500
Killed in homes 22,000
Injured at work 700,000
Injured in traffldt.500,000
Injured in homes 3,300,000
and poisons sre out of reach of their
children, accidents to'children in
uie iarm noma wui oe considers oiy
reduced.
Among leading cauaea of work ac
cident* on the farm ia the improper
uae of farm machinery. Knives,
belts, pulleys, gears and the like
are necessarily a part of farm ma
chinery. The greatest caution should
always be exercised in order to op
erate them without accident to the
person.
Improper handling of animals
causes many farm work accidents.
While bulls are the cause of many
serious injuries, the greatest num
ber of accidents due to care
less handling of animals is caused
by horses, records shcrw.
Fledge of C?panties.
Falls are also high on the list of
farm work accidents. Better house
keeping methods in the farm
yard, tha bam and other farm
buildings can materially reduca tha
number of accidents attributable to
falls.
Among farm leaders who bare
pledged their cooperation in the
work of National Farm Safety week
are Edward S. O'Neal, president of
the American Farm bureau federa
tion; James O. Patten, president of
the National Farmers Union, and A.
S. Com, master of the National
Grange.
"President Truman's suggestion
that farm people make a safety
check in their homes and on their
farms, if followed, will be the great
est single step that can be taken to
ward reducing accidents on the
farm," Maynard H. Coe, director
of the farm division of the National
Safety council, said.
He pointed out that the council's
farm accident records, taken from
states that keep a file of statistics
on farm mishaps, clearly indicate
the types of accidents which should
be attacked first in any personal
check-up.
Falls Most Common.
The records show, for example,
that falls occur in the farm home
far more frequently than any other
type of accident. Such things as clut
tered stairways, unsound ladders,
badly lighted hallways ? all of
which can be corrected by good
housekeeping ? are major hazards.
Away from the farm, traffic acci
dents are the most serious men
ace for farm people. It is expected
that a serious problem will arise
on the highway when traffic again
hits the peak of prewar years, and
Upper pkoh ibowi risk oI operat
ing i nw without a geard. Second
photo (hows one cause of a
(N simaal farm fra lasa ? leioklag
to farm buildings. Third photo
shows that rickety aad clattered
stairways add to the aaaaal killed
aad Injured list. Lower photos
huritMl of mlojuled, neither ore
safe within reach of a child. Many
are killed by "aaleaded" gaas an
nually.
greater driving skill and care
than ever before will be needed.
There are many other types of ao
cidenta which contribute to the an
nual toll on the farm, Mr. Coe said,
but the examples given point the
way for both Individuals and organ
izations to make best use of a farm
safety check-up during the week.
Mr. Coe concluded his remarks
by saying that early reports com
, IT" "2?" towr MM Ma Hm la * a. few, mm. t>- i
**-* *? *t?.'.'t,<!*t -* >**>*?i to BT. Ilw .11 Ml. fcy feaafcaiMt I
* ?*?*?? "** * ?****? ?aaMaacy anly wka at i Mi aU?. i
Toehold on Trouble | ^jjjjj
A (ashed fort, sooner or later, to
the taertteMo result of steadying or
Mock of wood with 7ear fort ?toa
chopping.
ing into the National Safety council
from many of the NO organizations
which cooperated in arranging. If s?
tional Farm Safety w eek .activities
in 4fl states in 1M1 indicate MV even
more successful week this yoar.- r-*
Lifetime of the implement has
long been a yardstick whereby farm
machinery care to measured. But
(here is a far more important and
better measurement?the lifetime'of j
the farmer. And that's where the
farm safety program, with its em
phasis upon the relationship erf the
human factor to the life span of
farm folks, comes in. ' ?
With this in mind, manufacturers
of farm equipment are doing a use
ful job of urging users to take extra
care in handling implements, trac
tors, or other farm machines.
When the tractor, for instance,
was new and its friends so freely
and correctly forecast the approach
of power farming, it stirred critics
whn ran**H frrtm miU KtMh*
that the farmer is not equipped to
Factory management, by the way.
Fought the battle of safety with
ihielda over moving parts wherever
these might menace workmen?with
ihielda and plenty of special training
if foremen and workers in the tech
nique of safety. This battle goes ea
now with never a sign of letup. Fac
tory men treat safety as one of their
major concerns. An unshielded ma
ihine is a rarity in any well-run
plant.
To make life and limb safer far
those who work with farm maohin
ery, the farm machinery manufac
turers have developed and put into
effect protective ihielda for tractor
ind pull-type power drive imple
ments; power line and power take
off shields so designed that the shield
For any make of implement may be
attached to the master shield brack
et of any make of farm tractor.
Now the power line shield tor any
make or model of implement built
to the standard could be connected
to the master shield on any make
or model of tractor. A good joh,
Hrtll done! But what a Km it tK? ?>%??%.
catalog the criticisms would be an
endless and unprofitable task; but
that's all out of the book of "Gene-"
sis" of power farming. It w|s soon
proved, again and again, that a trac
tor produced under good engineering
and manufacturing auspices would
stand up to the Job for which it was
designed. Tractors kept getting bet
ter and better. Their bettennept
continues. ..u'io
Maintenance is a big element irnim
such confidence. Long ago thar
stronger retail implement dealers
assembled good mechanics and or
ganized their shop-service depart
ments. Many sent apprentices, and
senior mechanics as well, to tractor
factory schools. v|.
Fans Safety Flan.
In the meantime, the farmer him
self has improved as his own serv
ice man. Many young farmers have
grown up in the new age of poorer
(arming and qualify aa professional
power farmers. And today's fanner
knows he can go to the shop of soma
dealer for repair and overhaul work
lands of implements and tractors al
ready in the hands of the farmer?
Isn't safety important to them too?
It is, and soon provision eras made
to make available conversion pack
ages for old implements so they
mild be adapted for use with new
tractors, and old tractors converted
to the standard so that new Imple
stents could be uaed with them.
In every way possible, farmers
are urged to use these shields; never
to operate a machine without them.
Conspicuous precautionary signs are
posted on danger spots throughout *
Implement and tractor alike.
Certain parts of any machinery
must be regarded
Ml even hare we do have one real