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- m - mf-X. yg?P- 1? ' > SFWfJIW ". ? "- ?;?<-? ?'?* '" ' <*W', <W*T". W? ' ? - - - - The Alamance Gleaner i ? 1 ..rflj Vol. LXXI GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, AUGUST 23, 1945 ' No. 29 COMPLETE VICTORY! * Japs Agree to All Terms Of Potsdam Declaration; MacArthur Gets High Post ? By AL JEDLICKA Forty years after its armies marched into Korea to establish a foothold on the Asiatic mainland, Japan's course of imperial conquest come to a dramatic end on the evening of August 14 with the unqualified acceptance of the Potsdam declaration sub scribed to by the U. S., Britain, China and Russia. Announced to an anxious nation by President Harry S. Truman, the Jap surrender came three years, eight months and one week after the attack on Pearl Harbor. With the Allied powers consenting to his retention on the throne to assure the surrqgMjer of Japanese armies scattered throughout Asia and the submission of the homeland to the stiff terms imposed, Emperor Hirohito ordered the nation to lay down its arms as the Tokyo radio reported thousands of downcast sub jects bowed in grief before the gates of the imperial palace. Having led American grounds forces back over the vast tracts of the Pacific to the doorstep of Japan following the crippling blow at Pearl Harbor, General MacArthur was designated to accept the Nipponese surrender along with representatives of the other Allied nations. Coming four days after To kyo's first offer to give up the fight provided the emperor's sovereignty were respected, and three months after V-E day, Japan's surrender was greeted with wild enthusiasm through out the U. S., which joyously celebrated the end of the most destructive and costly war in history without waiting for President Harry S. Truman's official V-J day proclamation. In accepting the Allied terms, Japan agreed to the total reduction of its once proud empire, with hope for the future based upon the or ganization of a free democracy within the home islands of Honshu, Kyushu, Hokkaido and Shikoku. Under the Potsdam ultimatum, Japan must eliminate the influence of those elements which have en couraged conquest; give up Man churia, Korea and other overseas acquisitions; disarm all armed forces; permit the revival of de mocracy and freedom of speech, religion and thought; and submit to Allied occupation of designated points in the homeland until post war security has been established. At the same time, Japan was promised an opportunity for orderly development once a peaceful gov ernment had been created, with re tention of such industries as would maintain its internal economy and eventual access to raw materials and world trade. The war ended just as the atomic bomb threatened the obliteration of ; eJapan's sprawling industrial settle ?r naents, with Hiroshima and Naga saki already badly mangled by the terrific blasts. Packing an explosive force 20,000 times greater than TNT, the atomic ti. A V - Uen. Douglas MaeArthur Accepts Surrender. bomb's destructive capacity so far exceeded that of ordinary missiles that it brought a quick reaction from a government that had planned continuation of the conflict from underground bastions despite in creasing B-29 attacks. Besides threatening to lay Japan waste, the atomic bomb also was credited with blowing Russia Into the conflict, thus bringing the total Allied weight to bear against the Nipponese. In all, these two events served to climax the growing tem po of the Allied drive in the Pacific, which saw 0. S. forces virtually sit ting on Japan's doorstep at the ces sation at hostilities. With the navy and air force car rying the tght to the enemy, and with army and marine troops slash ing forward in island to island fighting, the war in the Pacific rates as one of the bloodiest in history. From the very beginning the U. S. encountered a bitter and fanatical foe, ardent and well disciplined, willing to fight to the last cartridge even when completely enveloped. All through' the war, the toll of Jap killed far surpassed the number captured, indicating the nature of their defense. Because of-the close teamwork re quired in the over-all operations, it would be difficult to single out one outstanding hero, though General MacArthur's fiery stand against the enemy in the early stages of the con flict and his later redemption of lost territories made him the sym bol of the American spirit. Beside the name of MacArthur must be added those of Admiral Nlmitz, who directed U. S. naval operations in the vast Pacific thea ter, and General Le May, whose B-29s seriously reduced Japan's in I Emperor Hirohito Surrender? to Allies. dustrial potential in repeated heavy raids. Recovering quickly from the black days immediately after Pearl Har bor, when the Nipponese overran much of the Pacific, the U. S. checked the enemy tide in the spring of 1942, when the American fleet stopped the Japs' southeastward drive in the battle of the Coral sea and then thwarted their eastward surge at Midway. From then on, the U. S., building up tremendous military and mate rial strength under a unified front at home, whs on the march, with the Japanese seeking time to con solidate their newly won position as the overruling Asiatic power by bit ter delaying action in their outposts. With the navy severing vital Japa nese supply lines to these outposts, and with the ground forces isolating enemy units into disorganized resist ance pockets on invaded islands, the American advance in the Pacific far exceeded expectations, with the end of the European war finding U. S. sea, land and air forces perched right on Nippon's doorstep. Though the main body of Japa nese troops had not been touched by the steady U. S. advances westward, the American navy's mastery of the ] sea lanes as far as the Chinese coast interrupted the shipment of vital ma- J terial to the borne islands for in dustrial processing, and the B-29s' , terrific bombardment of manufactur- . lng centers greatly curtailed output. ( With deliveries of materials cut, and . output dwindling, the effectiveness | of an estimated 4,000,000 remaining , enemy troops stood to be severely limited. I On top of it all, Russia's invasion | of Manchuria and threat to Jap- ] held China promised to tap the only ( remaining important enemy indue- , trial source outside the homeland, i Chronology? Japanese War 1941 Dec. 7?Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor. Deo. 8?United States declares war on Japan. Invasion of Philippines and attack on Guam and Wake started by Japanese. Dec. 10?General Mac Arthur starts battle of Manila. Dec. 25?Japanese take Wake. Hong Kong falls. Dec. 26?Japs bomb Manila, despite fact it was declared open city. 1942 Jan. 2?Manila surrenders, MacAr thur's forces flee to Bataan. Feb. 15?Singapore falls. Mar. 17?General MacArthur lands in Australia to lead Allied forces. April 9?U. S. troops on Bataan sur render. Aug. 7?U. S. marines land on Guad alcanal. 1943 Sept. 5?Allies land on New Guinea. Nov. 2?U. S. marines invade Bou gainville. 1944 Jan. 29?U. S. lands troops in Mar shall islands. June 10?Marines invade Saipan. juiy jy?u. a. forces una on i,uam. Oct. 17?Invasion of Layto in Philip pines gets under way. 1945 Jan. 10?Invasion of Luzon started by Yanks. Jan. 30?V. S. landings north of Ba taan seal peninsula. Feb. *4?American troops enter Ma nila. Feb. 15?U. S. first air raid on Tokyo. Feb. 17?Marines invade two Jima. Army lands on Corregidor. Feb. 26?Philippine commonwealth returned to Filipino people. Mar. 17?I wo Jima captured with ma rine casualties of 19$38. April 1?Invasion of Okinatoa started by IOOjOOO troops. May 24?550 super forts firebomb To kyo. May 27?Chinese capture Nanning. June 12?Australian troops invade Borneo. June 21?Okinawa campaign success fully ends. Aparri captured by Yanks. June 28?Luzon declared completely liberated. July 2?Australians landed at Balik papan. July 17?British warships Join V. S. 3rd fleet. July 24?V. S. 3rd fleet successfully attacked Japan's greatest naval base at Kure, Honshu islands. Aug 3?B-29s bottle up Japan with mines. Aug. 4?Mac Arthur takes over com mand of Ryukyus. Aug. 6?Atomic bomb destroys most of Hiroshima. Aug. 7?Superfortresses hit Toyo kawa naval arsenal. Aug. 8?Russia declares war on Ja pan. Aug. 10?Japan asks for peace terms. Aug. 14?Japs accept unconditional surrender terms. EMPEROR: His Background Their authority re-established with he overthrow of the military gov smors in 1868, the Japanese emper ors, supposedly descended from the sun goddess, have exercised their mythical power for the unification of the country to facilitate its im perial development. With the overthrow of the shoguxv ite shortly after Admiral Perry opened the door of Japan to the n,?.u ik. uu.ii fUWIUC YVUi 1U, U1C IBiOllU JW pie, previously owing strict alle giance to the military clan, easily transferred their blind obedience to the mikado. The present mikado, Hirohito, is i puny, nearsighted man of 44. Ha is called the 134th emperor of Ja pan by the Japanese court authori ties. When he ascended the throne in 1926, he chose the word "Shows," meaning "enlightenment and peace," to describe his reign. Many political experts believe that personally Hirohito wanted peace, but as the puppet of the mili tary clique had to go along with their designs. Actually be wields little real power. His actual "reign" t>egan in 1921, then as prince re gent he ruled in his father's stead. 8e was married in 1924 and Is the father of one son and three daugh ters. RECONVERSION: Vest Job With World War H finished, and irith the nation's great armament production due to be slashed, inter ?t mounted in the government's program for switching Industry pack to a peacetime basis and pro riding continued high employment Shortly before the cessation of Motilities, President Truman called n War Production Board Chieftain Krug to go over plans for speeding ?p reconversion to prevent a large ?cale rupture of the country's econo my after V-J day. If hilt Waller Wine hell is emay, this month, his column mill he conducted | by guest columnists. By JACK LAIT C oaet-to-C oatting : Herman Shumlln, Broadway-made director, now a Hollywood wage slave (at what a wage!) is hot for realism. For a scene in a film with Charles Boyer and Lauren Bacgll, he wanted a photo of a bullet hit ting a wall?and he wanted it au thoritatively authentic. At 2 o'clock in the morning, he got four Warner lot cops to stand off and pop their 44'a at a studio wall aqd had each shot shot from several angles. . . . He still didn't get Just what he was after. . . . But, came the dawn, H. M. Warner sent for his whole force and demanded to know ? what crackpot had been shooting up his bungalow? It's right past the wall. The place looked like Berlin! Mike Romanoff, the Great Pre tender, who now owns the most prosperous cafe in California, has won his naturalization papers, thus disproving canards that his Imperial Highballness was born in Brooklyn. Mike is a native of London. Strangely, his true name is Roman off, which gave him his original in spiration to "adopt" the czarist clan. He says he will definitely not change the monicker now to Mike Stalin. ... Dr. Irving Berman, Hol lywood eye specialist, has it figured mi* ?Kot nsrenns mtth nnrmfil siffht should sit (our times the height of the screen from the screen. Bring your own tape-measure! The Commies in and around the movie industry have set np such an organised and agon ised howl against a proposed Bed probe that their activities are accentuating the positive far more than another official In vestigation is likely to. That Hol lywood is crummy with every shade of bolshy lovers is obvious to anyone who can see or bear. A recent California legislative survey turned up conditions even more malodorous than surface symptoms had indicated. Stars, producers, executives ? with no understanding of what the Rus sian system means?plug for it. Crimson propaganda creeps into costly Sims. Anyone who thinks democracy and a republic are pretty sweet is a fascist isola tionist; anyone who thinks we're UnHJ??iinr Ilka fool* ft* A TOFT reactionary. The victory of the radicals in Britain was toasted and celebrated In mansions and swank cafes in the community which glorifies the 8oviets and squawks about high O. 8. Income taxes in the same breath! Tim Gayle has left Fred Waring exploitation to start another musical mag, "Preview." He formerly pub lished "The Baton." He was going to call his new periodical "Finale," but Westbrook Pegler, whose ad vice he asked, didn't like that?said i it sounded pessimistic. Peg also said in his letter: "I think anyone who starts a business enterprise to day on his own money deserves either a medal ?r a scholarship in Matteawan. Anything that old Sam doesn't take away from you, in the improbable event that you make a dollar in the first place, will be taken by the unions and the lawyers whose services will be necessary to keep you out of prison from day to [ day." And Peg advises against pes simism! Bollywood is where: A fortune . rides on the turn of ankle or the tilt , of a nose; everything is so irrespoo sssve*#M 4ha4 a rl/VTAfk nonr I Biuic U1U ?w?7 ? ??>-?? " millionaires emerge every year; . everybody wears slacks and owns race-horses; biggies love yeamen and hire high-priced monitors to stop them from doing what they'd love to do; everyone denies that the movies are Just entertainment and insists the screen is a medium of education, culture, enlightenment and patriotism; and the cast and crew of "The Kid from Brooklyn" put in 4B.400 man-hours in a prize fight sequence that runs 3 minutes, ; 14 seconds, when you see it. Ceaaie Bennett Is back again. Jut a trouper on the payroll. Her ambi ' tious venture as a producer came rather a cropper. ... "Paris Under i world," a great story, was washed out with VE Day. But Connie had fun while it lasted?ordering people around, refusing this, tanning down ALn4 rjUislaiLiia ml .? In mat, ooa wnsrtnct picnic. Labor Costs Reduced and Farm Efficiency Greatly Increased With Improved Mechanical Developments a a t V Farm Equipment Has Now Mechanized Farm Work, Now No4 Brother to an Ox.' By George L. Gillette Editor'i Note:?George L. Gillette It president ol the Ferm Equipment Institute and has long been active in the manu facture and distribution of farm machin ery and equipment. Agriculture has come a long way since the days when the forked stick, the scythe and the flail were the rule rather than the exception, but it was not until the advent of farm ma chinery, a little more than a cen tury ago, that agricultural practices made any real progress. Even in the early 19th century the methods used by the fellaheen of ancient Egypt were still followed, even in many of the more advanced countries. And then in the space of SO years, agri culture made greater strides than in the preceding SO centuries. With the coming of the plow, the reaper and the other earlier ? types of farm machines, farm ing, though not an easy life, certainly became more attrac tive than it waa to Mlllet'i "Man With the Hoe." With the de velopment of other type* of equipment, which have followed in rapid ineeeiiion, agriculture's progress has steadily continued. No longer does the tiller of the soil lit the poet's description of "stolid and stunned, a broth er to the ox." No longer does the plowman homeward plod his weary way. He rides. The horse-drawn cultivator and pain binder have given way in many areas to the tractor, cultivator and the combine. Harvesting of the corn crop is now performed in ever Increasing measure by the tractor operated corn-picker; cotton costs are being reduced by the mechan ical cotton picker; the primitive pump is succeeded by the electrical ly - operated water system; hand milking by machine milking. The heretofore laborious Job of making hay is becoming less of a back breaking chore through the newer machines for harvesting and stor ing of this important crop ? such as power - mowers, rakes, pick-up balers, forage harvesters. And so it goes ? each step an improvement over the old; less labor in growing and harvesting of food and feed crops; in livestock raising; in horti culture or dairying. In every branch of agriculture, the story is the same: inrrPAsad pfficipnrv thrnutfh use of the machine; reduced effort on the part of the operator; more time for the better things of life, impossible of attainment in formar times when the days were not long enough even to perform the single lob of raising the food for the family. In discussing the part which mod ern farm equipment plays in saving time and labor for the farmer, we ?re apt to overlook some of the Important services which it renders iu the job of food production. Modern farm equipment has done more than any other one thing to neutralize weather hazards. It en ables the farmer to both control and shorten his crop handling time, thus increasing the amount of work that can be done in the hours of sunshine allotted to him; weed control and eradication can be adapted to indi vidual weeds; controlled plowing depths do much to bury such insect pests as the corn borer, Hessian fly and the boll weevil; quick and posi tive erosion control is made possible through modern, mechanized farm equipment All of these tend to in i crease acre yields and, in many cases, save entire crops. Cost Per Unit Decreased. One hundred years ago, with tools then available, it required several days ot man labor to grow and har vest an acre of wheat Today, In LIFE OF MACHINERY The life of farm machinery can be greatly extended as proven by tests conducted at the Univer sity of Missouri. Corrosion and lack of care of unhoused farm machinery cut its life in half, and added to the upkeep cost. A rec ord on a few of the implements: Life Equipment Housed Unhoused Walking plows 20 years 15 years Gang plows ... 20 years 10 years Corn planters . 8 years 4 years Cultivators ... 20 years 8 years Mowers 12 years 7 years Binders 12 years 5 years Wagons 24 years 19 years Disk harrows. 15 years 8 years the Great Plains areas of the United States, expenditure of less than 10 minutes of man labor per bushel is not unknown when modern methods and machines are used. In other crops, the story is similar and, because of such methods and the marvels of present day equipment, it has been possible for the farmers of the Americas, Great Britain, or others of the United Nations to maintain or expand their prdduction of food in the war period, despite reduction of workers on the land. Without the aid of such labor and time-saving machines, there is little doubt that the millions of men in the armed services and the many millions more at home would have long since faced serious food crises that might have jeopardized the out come of this world struggle. It is true that thousands of per sons in war-torn countries, cut off from normal food supplies, have perished, and that in areas where the population still de pends upon primitive agricul tural methods, starvation is not uncommon. But inch dimeter* serve to underline the impor tance of substitutinf improved food producing equipment for the hand tools of the ancient*. Man can get along without many thing*, but not without food or the mean* of producing it. With the wider distribution of present-day equipment and the new, even more efficient "machine tools of agriculture" to be available after the war, is it too much to hope that the scourge of famine may be stamped out entirely? In any event, the manufacturers of farm equipment can be relied upon to do their utmost toward that end. In the meantime, they aro con tinuing to produce both tor civilians and military purpose*. Doing Big War Job. Their factories have been turning out immense quantities at munitions and material far use on land, sea and air, and they will continue to do so as long as the emergency re quires. They have produced noon re pair parts in the last several seasa Plow oied on Gen. George Washington's plantation In Virginia. Has wood mold board, wood standard, no landside. Flat iron share and Iron coulter. than at any time in their history, to make sure that machines already on the (arms will continue to func tion. They have manufactured as many complete machines as avail able materials, manpower and gov ernmental restrictions would permit and have maintained throughout this period the high standards for which American farm machinery is noted throughout the world. Products of the farm equip meat industry have always beea sturdily built to take the beating farm work demands; some Idea of their sturdy construction is Indicated by the orders for re pair and replacement parts, re ceived by manufacturers, for machines M and even M years old, still operating. Today, equipment going into the hands of the farmer is better engi neered than ever. Knowing something of the men who design and manufacture these farm machines, I am convinced that the products for the postwar era win be even better. The history of the farm equipment industry has been one of continuous progress and of ever-increasing service to agricul ture. I am confident that this record will be even brighter in the years ahead. Modern Machine Fanner Builds Up for Prosperity For years the farm equipment industry ? dealers, manufacturers, and trade publications ? have been active advocates of soil and water conservation and improvement of soil fertility. One-crop farms, espe cially where tobacco, cotton and corn were the' cash crops, began bringing home to them the fact that the nation's wealth was leaching down the hillsides and into the streams that carried it to the ocean. Such lands were rapidly passing out of production, ceasing to pay taxes and to support prosperous form families and communities. Villages, even counties, faded with the farms ao uic/ tcwic vu?. To awaken the nation to the con sequences of this trend, if not coun teracted, the industry long has laid stress upon the long-pull benefits of soil conservation and the part that farmers can play in the program by using the tools already on the farms, and available for soil conservation efforts. Contour farming, terracing and crop rotations in the United States go back to Thomas Jefferson's work in Virginia well over a century ago. Writing in the American Farmer in 1821, the ex-President of the United States, in a signed article, answered inquiries from readers of that pi Facsimile of original MeCormick reaper, which peered ?e of agrft culture'i most important machinery developments. oncer publication as to contour farming and about the plow he used on his son-in-law's Virginia farm. But Jefferson's efforts to teach the pioneer American tanner to build a permanent agriculture, and with it community and national prosperity, were soon forgotten in the rah to virgin lands that opened up to settlers as the Louisiana Purchase and other territorial acquisitions beckoned young farmers toward the mid-West and the Pacific. While good farmers on their own initiative followed conservation practices, comparatively little was done in an organized manner until the United States department at agriculture in the 'Us began taking active notice at the erosion at top soil on cultivated lands; set up ero sion-control experiment stations and instituted an intensive study of soil erosion. In 1835 tha Soil Conserva tion service was established and by the middle of last year. 45 of tha states had soil conservation die trictg totaling 1,114 and efnhractag n , i ' f '.isfiiitifeyifiMBiH
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Aug. 23, 1945, edition 1
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