North Carolina Newspapers

?*i VJj f"<BM ' ty* ""':\. I The Alamance Gleaner VtL LXXI GRAHAM, N. C.f THURSDAY, AUGUST 30, 1945 . . No. 30 wmcLY NEWS ANALYSIS Japs Guard Against Uprising; Plan to Demobilize 7,000,000; Nation Shifts to Peace Economy Released by Western Newspaper Union. ??????? jesnsrg NOTE: When epiniens are expressed la these celnssas. they are these ef J^Stara Newspaper Union's news analysts and net necessarily ef this newspaper.) Ft Homing the toy on% metes e4 faprm't capitulation, many partem Am country over rev eroudy mode their way to akeeah M of or pray en in grati tude for the cessation of hot mlitsst. The crowd worship pmg am the steps of St. Pat rick's cathedral m New York City urns typical, with a con Want atsusm arriving to express Arm thanksgiving. PEACE: Tighten Imperial Grip Even as General MacArthur ar ranged the complicated procedure far Japanese surrender and occupa tion, the V. S. prepared for the ma lar readjustments looming ahead he lm the nation once again could faend the paths of peace. With the Japanese government anxious to bring about a cessation of ?ring before the preliminary surren der parley in.Manila, the conference nae postponed to permit members of the imperial household to Ay to the hr-teg Asiatic battlefronts to en farce the emperor's orders to lay dawn arms. Appointment of tough and able 57 year-old Prince Higashi-Kuni as Jap paunier disclosed an effort to bring nti of the weight of the imperial family behind the surrender accept ance to avert any outbreak of die hards which might upset the inter nal situation. A second cousin of fae emperor and an uncle of the culpaesa, JUgashi-Kuni has .had a fang, career in the Jap army, serv ing as chief of the military aviation hoard, commander of defense head quarters and a member of the su preme war council. While it was expected that some fanatical officers hnay try to fight an, or commit hara-kiri, the great mass of Japanese were expected to grire up peaceably. "There will be no trouble when American soldiers | go to Japan if it is the wish of the , emperor," said one Jap naval of ?cer. "The army, navy and Japa- i aese people exist only by the will of 1 toe emperor." < V. S. Demobilizes t Wit* the end of the war, the serv- ' ires' carefully prepared demobiliza- 1 tion plans Were scheduled to be put ' mto effect, with the draft continuing tor men under 25 years of age un- j tern the President or congress or- J dsiiud otherwise. Approximately 261,000 enlisted ' men and 40,000 officers are eligible tor release under the navy's newly announced discharge plan requiring J * points for the enlisted men and 49 to* the officers. Under the program, ? Half point is allowed for each ' year of age up to the hear est birth day; one-half point for each full aaonth at active duty since Sep tern- f *er 1, 1939, and 10 extra points tor v dependents regardless of number, ?egtoremeats for WAVES are about jj M paints lower, with the same cred- , * computations. j{ Designed to relieve men with the i, longest service, the navy program u a? permit release of about 2,000,000 n I men within the next 12 to 18 months, a which, with the army's plan for dis ekargfag 6,000,000 G.I.s within a p year, will result in a total demo- a Hbation of 7,000,000 by 1947. ti Except for four categories of spe- si * drtpih-agOTg personnel with 86 Note or more win be Immediately n released, along with men 38 years ot ef age or over. Until such a time U as the sire of the occupation force ir needed in Japan can be determined, o however, there will be no reduction at tehee present point system, it was OTte QJj in the Pacific eligible a ter dtecharge due to be released, ei men -with low-point scores to the w 8. a w with only brief European M | service must pifepare to accept over seas assignments, the army de clared. Ease Controls Though five million people were expected to be discharged from war work following cessation of hostili ties, industrial plans for a rapid re conversion to civilian manufacture promised early re-employment. Fortunately, such basic industries as steel will be able to fumish civil ian materials with little delay, and plans have been set up to continue government supervision over scarce items to permit more even distribu tion and prevent speculative hoard ing and pressure for price increases. With its financial position greatly bolstered by heavy wartime produc tion, and with banking funds avail able before settlement of cancelled war contracts, industry generally is strongly heeled for reconversion. Meanwhile, civilians have record cash balances and bond holdings. Economic Stabiliier Davis (left) and Secretary of Labor Sehwellen bach leave White House after re conversion confab. and will be able to draw unemploy ment compensation to tide them jver the early transition period. While manpower controls were re moved with Japan's defeat, wage checks were retained to prevent an nflationary spiral, and efforts made o minimize strike threats. With another bumper crop on tap, armers could look to continued leavy government purchases for the arge military and naval establish ments and foreign relief, and an un certain domestic market dependent in the speed of the reconversion irogram. Under congressional leg slation, however, farmers have leen assured of federal price sup >ort for at least two years after the ear. Among the first effects of reduced nilitary requirements was the re noval of gas, fuel oil, canned fruits, , egetables and juices and other ' rocessed foods from the rationing j ists. At the same time, price con rol was lifted from such items as ewelry, sports equipment, toys sell- 1 tg at 25 cents or less, cigarette 1 ghters, pipes, luxury furs and gar- < tents, some photographic apparatus 1 nd notions. ( Because of the shortage of" sup lies, and no possibility for imme- 1 iate increases, rationing will be re- 1 lined on meats, fats and oils, butter, J jgar, shoes and tires. In the case of tires, OPA an- 1 ounced, drivers of cars used for 4 ccupational purposes will continue * > receive cords according to the c nportance of their work, and "A" ard holders will be given consider- t lion in cases of unusual hardship. c Though a check will be kept on c toes, men's and women's wear 1 isnufactured before March 1, 1944, t ltd priced at $2J0 or leas a pair, c ill be ration-free through to Sep- I mber 29. t CROPS: Another Good Year Owing to record yields of wheat, oats, peanuts, rice, peaches, pecans and commercial truck crops; near record prospects for hay, tobacco, soybeans, sugar cane, and large pro duction for potatoes, sorghum grains and flaxseed, the department of ag riculture predicted the 1945 harvest would be the third best in history. With the wheat crop estimated at a. record 1,146,283,000 bushels on the basis of conditions as of August 1, and with oats at 1,546,032,000 bush els. feed grain production was at a high level despite the estimated drop in the corn harvest to 2,844,478, 000 bushels. , One of the bright spots in the crop picture was the estimated increase in sugar cane production to 6,976,000 tons, and rise in sugar beet output to 9,332,000 tons, promising to relieve the tight supply in the commodity. Conservation Needed After the most extensive study of farmland resources ever under taken by any nation, the soil con servation service reported that more than 90 per cent of the country's farmland was in need of treatment to protect it from erosion and main tain tantilit More than 3,600,000 man yeari of labor would be required for the huge task, the service said, along with 327,441 years of motor equipment; 1,089,978 years of horse-drawn fa cilities, and 2,544,106 tons of seed. Of the 417,561,000 acres of farm land now under actual cultivation, the service said that 43,000,000 should be retired because of steep ness, erosion, wetness and stone. LAB0RITE BRITAIN With Great Britain and all the rest of the world awaiting the pattern of postwar life in the United Kingdom, King George VI presented the victorious La bor party's legislative program, with nationalization of the Bank of England and the coal mines heading the agenda. At the same time, the king revealed that the war's end would not bring about a release of wartime restrictions, with the Laborites seeking power during the reconversion period to main tain control over materials and services to assure proper distri bution at fair prices. uesiaes nationalizing the Bank of England to promote employ ment and development, and so cializing the coal mines as part of a program to integrate the fuel and power industry, the La borites propose to reorganize transport; provide social secu rity and industrial insurance; buy land for housing, and set , up machinery for planning in- , vestments in new business. WORLD RELIEF: 1 Needs Boosted i With the termination of the war ' in the Pacific expected to multiply its problems, the United Nations Re lief and Rehabilitation Administra- i tion Director Herbert Lehman de- I clared that more than two billion ' dollars in additional funds would be j - needed to help stricken countries before their restoration of stable ] economies. 1 Speaking at the third internation al conference of UNRRA at London, ( Lehman revealed plans for coping | with the Asiatic relief problem, dis- i closing that plans already have been ' Formulated for the shipment of sup- . plies to China over the Stilwell road and through coastal ports. Of the J 100 million Chinese reported des titute, many are expected to sue-1 :umb even if relief should be of- j * tered immediately. j' The London meeting was enllv- ' ;ned by Australia's demand to < k.AaJan tka TTVDD A ? V j4 uauv.ii Miw uiwkitn vvuuvi bVUUVIi to nine ipembers instead of the pres- > ;nt Big Four to provide smaller na tions with greater representation in the allocation of funds. FRANCE: Break Marshal Leader of France's liberation move nent. Gen. Charles de Gaulle spared he life of Marshal Henri Petain by rommuting his death sentence for ' ilotting against the internal safety >f the country to life imprisonment. Nevertheless, the jury's additional j icntence of national indignity stood, mposed even after Petain's Anal as ertion: "My thought, my only bought, was to remain with the peo >le of France as I promised instead if abandoning them in their agony. . . My honor belongs to your ountry. . . Most controversial French case at he century, Petain's trial found the ountry sharply divided, with harges on the one hand that the old marshal had delivered the state up o the Germans, and counter - harges on the other that prewar oliticians were using the proossd- c rigs to whitewash themselves. 1 Nizer Ex-Rays a Columnist By LOCK NIZER Anon;. Aotbor ol "Wkat to Do Witt Oorotoor. "TkioUot oa Your root." Etc. I am afraid to write this column because a columnist must have many talents. I. He mast be a humorist, whose column wears a pan-striped suit. As for example: Alimony is the high cost of leav ing. Sex magazines are the filth col umn of America. Today we have many sulfa-coo scious young doctors. True pals stick together 'til debt do them part. He adored her and the feeling was nuptial. Time wounds all heels. t. A columnist must bo a movie and theatrical critic who can create atomic bomb devastation with a phrase. As tor example: It took the Curies 30 years to find radium; it took Sir William Ramsay 16 years to discover helium; it took this play only 2 hours to produce tedium. 3. A columnist must be a lexi cographer who can invent new words which tickle the brain and surprise the eye. As for example: Bilboorish, Rank-in-justlce, Teu tonic Plague, guesstimate, sindicat ed column, kilocyclopedia. Emper or Fearohito, infantuation, Petaint ed. 4. Be must be a philosopher who disguises his wisdom in simplicity so that he does not appear preten tious. As for example: It's better to give than to lend and it costs about the same. - Suggested sign for a museum: "Touch ai much bi wfli, 11V* your eyes, but don't see with your fingers." I am afraid of Senators who hare a difficulty for every solution. Love at first sight often ends with divorce at first slight. Funny thing about temper, you can't get rid of it by losing it. Man argues that woman can't ba trusted too far. Woman argues that man can't be trusted too near. The President has the power to appoint and disappoint the members of his cabinet. t. He most be a religionist who realizes that religion Is-nought, not taoght. As for example: An atheist is a man who has no Invisible means of support. The best reply to an atheist is to give him a good dinner and ask him if he believes there is a cook. (. He mast be an ironist nbe dees sot hesitate to master the art of Insult. As for example: She dresses like a bad photograph -underdeveloped and overexposed. His mind is like his farm, natural y barren and made worse by mis aken cultivation. He is addressing his speech to pos ;erity, but his audience will be here 3 Wore he finishes. t 7. Be most be an economist who 1 mows that when a theory collides rith a fact, there Is a tragedy. As ' 'or example: I Those who complain about ration- 1 ng ought to remember that there tras no sugar until the 13th Century, >0 coal until the 19th Century, no t soffee until the 17th Century, no f notches until the 18th Century and j io gasoline until the lMh Century. ( I. Be mast be aa tntermatlaoaHst c rhe keeps the eoaseieaee ef the pee- 1 lie boiling. As (or example: c A good motto (or the war crimin tl trials is: "The prisoners, not the t entences, should be suspended." t Don't relax. Germany has more { ntelligence per square bead than i, iny other nation. I i, International moral: President a .incobi saw a small boy cariying p 1 child up a hill on his shoulders, (i le asked him whether the burden r ras not too much (or him. The boy a nswered: "It's not a burden, it's i ny brother I" Under (ascism. the only virtue is f trength. Under democracy, the , n nly strength is virtue. h P. Be mast be a historian with a a omaa Merest tsaih. Aa (or ex- b mpie: g The spelling backward craze goes n ack a long way. In IBM there was * political light over Jefferson's em- jj argo. Bis political opponents ridi- ? h)ed him in cartoons as "O Grab i le." * ?- ' I What My Communify Should Do in Postwar Planning | By Genevra Bush Gibson "/""OING my way?" inquired vJ the soft-voiced, smiling marine sergeant as we boarded the same train at our mutual home town station. During the two-hour ride into the city we talked of many things including the fact that he wanted a small business of his own after the war perhaps on the Al-Can highway. How I wish I might have said, "Before you make an Al-Can deal, get in touch with our home town Re-Employment Commit teemen." I couldn't, however, for my community has not yet undertaken collective postwar planning. Newton county, an agricultural county of 10,775 population In north western Indiana, has announced ita Co-operative Planning, the result of a year's study by a committee of 29 comprising men and women repre sentative of all phases of commu nity life. Full-page advertisements paid for by various servicg clubs of the different towns were run in all of the weekly papers in the county. Re-Employment of Veterans.. The ad began, "More servicemen will return home with the progress of the war. The Re-Employment Committeemen of Newton County, Indiana, in conjunction with its ad visory committee and the Agricul tural advisory committee, are on the alert. All citizens, both in service and not in service, should realize that the return of the servicemen will mean certain adjustments. This will be so whether he returns to his former civilian job or seeks a new civilian job. "The servicemen of our country are asked to co-operate with the Re Employment Committeemen and the citizens by marking the infor mation questionnaires below. Please do not sign. Return to (name of paper)." Under the general section were listed the following questions: "Do you pian 10 uve m Newton county when discharged from service? Do you plan to seek employment in this area? Do you plan to go to school or take up a special training course under G.I. Bill of Rights? Do you plan to go into business as an em ployee, as an employer, as an in dividual, or as a partner? What business? "Do you contemplate establishing a new business or taking over an established business? Do you have previous experience in the business? Will you need any additional capi tal? What source do you contem plate using, private or G.I. Bill of Rights arrangements? Will you need a house? Household equip ment?" Under the agricultural section were these questions: "Are you in terested in taking up farming as a andowner, renter, one-third share operator, or hired man? Have you irevious experience? What size farm .do you have in mind? What type of farm do you desire: live itock, grain, or general? Is there a touse available? Do you have a 'arm in mind to rent or buy? Will rou take over from father or rela ive? Will the farmer you replace -etire, seek another farm, or share lis operations with you?" The advertisement concluded, 'With the information thus asaem >led, we shall endeavor to anticipate rour return home." An Excellent Pattern. Surely, that is an excellent pat era that my community could af ora 10 iouow in narung postwar )tanning immediately. Instead of a ?ounty-wide boats, however, I would saggest that wo uas our high school tlstrict and our consolidated grade chool district as the basis for our ?ommunity boundaries. Since our men's service organize ion is the Lion's club, the officers of hat organization could ask the of Icers of the Women's Club, Amer can Legion, and the Legion Auxil ary to meet with them to discuss ppointing committees for postwar I ilanning, such persons to be selected i rom the entire personnel of the com- I nunity. These committees might rell be three: Re-Employment, 1 tentorial, and Education. < Seven members could constitute a te-Employment committee: a busi- 1 ess man, a farmer, the banker, the imber man, a grain man, the Red Iroea heme service chairman, and l minister. I should prefer te the i usiness man and farmer to be Le- | ionnaires and to act as co-chair- | ten. To lend advice on the possible I uccess of now business adventures i i the reason te suggesting the i anker. The lumber man, on the other < and, can head a subcommittee of the building interests whose tssk it will be to supply the additional homes and business structures. As the grain man deals with (arming interests, yet resides in town, he should be able to see both sides at the picture. The Red Cross home service chairman and a minister are recommended because of their contacts with servicemen. When this committee has worked out an information questionnaire, it can be published in the local pa per, (or our weekly paper goes to all the boys and girls in the service. With the questionnaires returned, the committee can begin to com pile information. Then they can canvass the community to see what jobs will be available so that when Sam, who wants to be a partner in a grocery store, comes home, he can be sent to see old Mr. Fuller who wants to retire from active work and become a silent partner. On the second committee, the Memorial, I would have five mem bers, all men interested in sports: ? the high school board athletic chair man, the grade school board athlet lc chairman, a business man, a farmer, and a veteran, the latter to be chairman. Trees As Meaaerials. Windstorms have played havoc with the beautiful trees for which our town is noted. What better memorial to our war dead than stately trees? I should like to see the village, which is now free from debt, plant American elms and hard maple trees in the parking: the American elm because it is a quick growing tree and the hard maple because it has the most beautiful ' autumnal foliage of any tree I know. < Aa a memorial to our gallant lighters who return, I should like to have a well-run sports program. A number of things may be consid ered, among them an outdoor swim ming pool at the high school, with the school showers and dressing rooms available to the swimmers. The initial cost might well be met by popular subscription with the school operating the pool after wards During the summer vacation, the pool could be open suitable nights from 7 to 11 with swimming classes scheduled certain afternoons from 4 to (. The athletic coach should be the director. In the winter the pool could be flooded and used for ice skating. Softball might well be revived, for the giounds are still available and it would not take long to hook up the lights. Four organizations such as business Arms could each spon sor a team with one or two nights a week set aside for double header games. There should be no admis sion charge, but a collection should urn turn w pmj iw UN ugnu ?or?> over, consideration should be (ir en to reinstalling croquet courts in the park for the youngsters and marking off space for horseshoes for the oldsters. My town faithfully follows high school basketball, which provides excellent winter recreation. A sur vey should be made, however, to' see how the high school gymnasium may be used winter evenings for adults for calisthenics, volley ball, handball, basketball and folk danc ing. In all of this sports program the goal must be to use available community resources to provide a varied program to reach the great est number of people. Edmittflitl Nc?ds Last but not least la the Educa tion committee which should consist of five members: the high school principal, the grade school princi pal. a town father who has children In school, a farm mother who has children ki school, and a high school alumnus, the latter to be chairman. The ^tmntaaae^of thin Education ?,?| 3 and make recommendations to the boards of education. Perry L. Schneider, head of the "' ? evening elementary school division of the New York City board of eds* ? "-i cation, says that there is a growing demand by adults for short noo- '? credit courses in cultural subject* such as history, global geography, economics, current events, litera ture, music, art, crafts, and hob bies. He believes that it will be necessary to educate parents for re duction of juvenile delinquency. Some of the courses Mr. Schnei der suggests may be applicable t* small schools. Perhaps the folks km my community will want not only) the agricultural night classes which have proved popular but claws in manual training, personal typing foods, sewing, interior decorating mt child psychology. For those sdults who still enjoy) taking part in plays, a community) nlaYPrs' rlllh nr?n K* mmmm* ized to meet ooca a week and t* present one or two plays far Iks entire community. Those who like to sing might form a mmmiaiiiy, chorus which could pseamt concerts while those who like to play a Ba sics! instrument might form a com munity dance band to sponsor six dances. Since our public library j^as a small stage, these three gratis could easily use that as their meet ing place so as not to monopolize the high school gym. which is ? combined gym and auditorium. These chtbs as well as adult eve ning classes should be considered ? part of the high school teacher's work and enough tencfaers should be hired to take care of the de mands Of even greater educational con I cent is the quality at the grade school and high srhnol instruction, for set ?ite men win want goad schools for their children. It win be well to consider restor subjects that were Oiupped becnoew no teachers were available: art. cooking, sewing, and ???11 train ing. Likewise attention rtineld fan given to |?-nx. ndiji ill 'Every Day Lhrteg for Bays.* Perhaps eighth grade boys shonM be taught simple cookery. s? fact inn and care at their rkales, bedmak mg. and room care h a esna called. "Every Day Li i ing tor Boys." Both boys and girls might be taught simple gardening prac tices and encouraged te have their own garden plots dmh? the aae mer. As a pert at the high school sur vey h would be right ta consider if the history tunsl are pmidkg speak and write imieiUj are gisfec them the proper evaluating stand ards so that they srO know how ta carding the trash and Moig Mr minds OB the things worth uiuui bering. Since cooking and m ? 1 vera re quired of eighth grade girls, ft auwld seem sensible In niiein ef the freshman girls a home manageaseng course vlidi 1111M hongnIS some prim gihe of home anrshag. Then during the three summer wn cations of their high aehooi fqs as canting iggetables, house dtse ing and cooking, with credit ta ba iiven far such |S ujicts after dan inspection by the teacher h charge. the one taught by the American Bad Cross should be t mail id ef eniy boy and girl after ha ie M years at age and before be is ginhnhd. ducted by the Toarn dub ef Chicago - Samuel A. Rineila. imiis ah or nay, declared. -Our schools tram students in everything from^carpeotering ta anything^ 'is'done abe^T sntrurih? men and women hi marriaga." required semester's course k the senior year far both boys sad girts in general sociology, marriage sad the family. ley, a little village in the tsilMh ed the Alleghensem. piled the re&ce ed the Civil war that bad lost ended. the old braes ctoas. the battered muskets, the broken swords, sad the rusted bayonets into one heap. The* m^^ them doom and_troen tb?a ley to ring out over green Mds sad fertile farms as a memorial to their Likewise, it it my hope Owl the Postwar Planning of the Re-Em ?ptoyinsat. Memorial, and Bdaeatian ' Editor's Note: TWs article won the drat prise la a contest ponsored by Fe stern News ?per Calm in ennectioa with lu recent Mld 'estern Writers' onference at terthwestern Diversity. Miss libeon, the an ker, lives in hnMnai Til ? Miss Gibson tm of !>??? population in Iroquois count 7, which is sac of thc'lcsdlng agricultural conn ties of the Prairie state. After fradastion from the school of Journalism at the Unirersity of Illinois, she became a teacher of Journalism at the Champaign, Hi., senior high school. At pres ent she is a free lance Journalist and chairman of public informa tion tor the Iroquois county chap ter of the American Bed Cross.