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VToL LXXI ? GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1945 NO. U
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Auto Industry Faces Tieup In
CIO Demand for Pay Increase;
Trace Nazi Moves for Conquest
??????? Released by Western Newspaper Union. ???????J
(EDITOR'S NOTE: Whea eplaleas are expressed la these e?lius. (key are these ef
Westsra Newspaper Uaiea's news analysts aad as* aeeessArily ?( this aewspaper.)
Lean and sober, Hermann Goertny (left), Rudolph Hess (center) and
laarhtm Van Ribbentrop go on trial for war crimes at Nuernberr, Ger
many.
STRIKE:
Showdotvn
The CIO's demands (or a 30 per
cent postwar wage increase to
maintain high wartime "take-home"
pay came to a showdown when
175.000 members of the United Auto
mobile Workers struck against Gen
eral Motors corporation. No. 1 pro
ducer in the industry.
With labor's biggest union locked
against the nation's greatest operat
ing company, observers looked (or
a long-drawn battle between the two
participants, with federal concilia
tor John W. Gibson expecting a set
tlement by January 15 or probably
before. Against G.M.'s huge re
sources, the UAW reported posses
sion of a $4,000,000 strike fund, with
rumors that the union was prepar
ing for a winter-long siege.
Though original UAW plans called
for a walkout only at O.M. plants
under a new strategy which would
hit at one company at a time and
permit free operation of their com
petitors, the reliance of all other
manufacturers except Ford upon
GJI. for parts threatened to cripple
the whole industry when supplies
ran out or new sources could not
be found. Meantime, UAW held ne
gotiations with Chrysler and Ford
over the pay issue.
> OAWs decision to strike at G.M.
followed the collapse of bargaining
between the two parties, during
which the union turned down the
company's offer for a 10 per cent
raise predicated upon the possibil
ity of price increases for new cars.
Under new OPA regulations, costs
of new G.M. vehicles will be about
I per cent below prewar figures.
Countering the UAW's demand for
a uu vein wage m^icasc, vj.n.
declared that production workels
are earning from $1.12 to $1.15 per
hour, with the over-all plant average
at $1.18 per hour. If UAW demands
were met, the union asserts, the pro
duction wage would be boosted to
$1.8$ per hour, with an over-all aver
age at $1.53 per hour.
As the strike began, G.M. con
tinued to pay its 73,500 office and
administrative personnel.
WAR CRIMES:
Trace Nazi Rise
Declaring that high Nazis' own
written records would furnish suf
ficient evidence to condemn them,
U. S. Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson
developed the first count in the Al
lied case against the 20 surviving
members of Hitler's hierarchy,
charging that the party's seizure of
control in Germany constituted the
first step in its plan of world con
quest.
Addressing the four-power U. S,
British, Russian and French court,
Jackson declared: "We will not ask
you to convict these men on the tes
timony of their foes. There is no
count in the indictment that cannot
be proved by books and records.
. . . These defendants had their
share at the Teutonic passion for
thoroughness in putting things an
paper."
In tracing the evolution of the
Hmtt rise in Germany, the U. S.
FfsMsboti recounted she notorious
blood purge of 1934 reportedly insti
gated by Reich Marshal Goering to
crush opposition within the party;
the elimination at all political groups
and confinement of opponents in
concentration camps; the gradual
suppression at labor unions with
the industrialists' connivance, and
taally the control at business itself.
The trial got tsiderway as the Al
lied court turned down the defense
attorneys' protest against the valid
ity of the proceedings. Asking that
an impartial opinion concerning the
legality of the court be solicited
from ' authorities on international
law, the Nazi counsel asserted that
the U. S. had always insisted that
in cases of international arbitration
or jurisdiction, the bench be filled
by neutrals or representatives of the
interested countries.
Uost aggressive of the defend
ants, Goering was gavelled down as
the trial opened and he attempted to
deny the authority of the court, as
serting that he was responsible only
to the German people.
PEARL HARBOR:
Star Witness
One of the star witnesses at the
early congressional hearings in the
Pearl Harbor catastrophe, big,
bluff Adm. James O. Richardson,
who commanded the U. S. navy up
to February, 1941, revealed that the
late President Roosevelt favored the
anchorage of the Pacific fleet at Ha
waii over his objections in the hope
of restraining further Jap aggres
sion.
"I stated that in my opinion the
presence of the fleet in Hawaii
might influence a civilian political
government," Richardson said, "but
that Japan had a military govern
ment which knew that the fleet was
Senator Berkley (left) (TtoU Admiral
Richardson at Pearl Harhor prohe.
undermanned, unprepared (or war,
and had no . . . supply force . . .
without which it could not under
take active operations. ..."
Listing his objections to stationing
the fleet at Pearl Harbor, Richard
son said there would be difficulty
transporting supplies to the base;
the site lacked security; operations
were handicapped by problems of
entry, berthing and departure of
large ships; surface and air space
was congested and restricted, and
full demobilization could only be ac
complished on the west coast.
Relating a conversation with Mr.
Roosevelt, Richardson said that the
President told him that though be
doubted that the XT. S. would enter
the war if the Japanese attacked
Thailand, the Dutch East Indies,
Malaya or even the Philippines, he
expected that sooner or later they
would make a fatal mistake open
ing hostilities.
In October, 1941, Richardson said,
Secretary of the Navy Knox sum
mooed him to an important confer
ence at which he outlined President
Ruum salt's plan for a shipping
blockade of the Japanese in case
they reacted to the reopening of the
Burma road supply line to China.
According to Richardson, the opera
tion called for posting a cordon of
U. S. warships from Hswaii to the
Philippines and thence from Samoa
to the Dutch East Indies. Since the
Japs took no belligerent action.
PEACE PATTERN:
Bishops' Report
Following closely upon their qual
ified indorsation of compulsory
peacetime training, the Catholic
hierarchy of the U. S. called for the
realistic adjustment of fundamental
differences between the democ
racies and Russia through recogni
tion of fair play so that an atomic
World War III might be avoided.
JJemanding a realization of the
ideals for which Americans fought in
World War II, the bishops deplored
the trend of European affairs fol
lowing the Moscow conference of
1943, claiming Russia since had
adopted an independent course on
many matters and sought to impose
its domination over helpless neigh
boring states.
Besides calling upon the U. S. to
provide full support for overseas re
lief, the bishops also assailed mass
vengeance upon the defeated na
tions, large-scale transfer of popu
lations, systematized use of slave
labor and cruel treatment of pris
oners of war.
AIR ACCIDENTS:
Dangerous Trend
In offering civilian aviation inter
ests the full co-operation of the
army air forces for promoting safer
operations, Col. $eorge C. Price,
chief of the office of flying safety for
the AAF, predicted a heavy future
accident toll unless current trends
were reversed.
z/eciarwg uiai civil air acciaents
since V-J Day to October 31 were 70
per cent greater than in the same
period last year. Price said that
with 300,000 planes in the air in the
next five years there might be 48,000
serious crashes and 5,000 fatalities
annually in the early 1950s.
Though flying mishaps in the
army took 26,000 lives and destroyed
22,000 planes during the war, the ac
cident rate was lower than it had
been during peacetime. Price
averred. Army safety experience
would be gladly offered to civilian
agencies to minimize flying hazards,
he said.
Increase Production
Agriculture, manufacturing and
public utilities reduced manpow
er by 58 per cent per unit of
product during the 48-year period
ending in 1939, the National Bu
reau of Economic Research re
vealed after a comprehensive
study. During the same time,
total output of all industry was
increased by 288 per cent, with
only 75 per cent more workers
employed. In declaring that the
figures did not indicate the real
decline, the bureau said that they
failed to reflect the improvement
in the quality st the product.
AMERICAN LEGION:
Take Stand
Ending its 27th annual convention
in Chicago', 111., with all of the char
acteristic hi-jinks, the American
Legion took its stand on the leading
controversial /national questions of
the day, demanding:
? One year of compulsory military
training tor all youths, with ade
quate basic training and either ad
vanced technical or scientific in
struction, when qualified, or further
schooling in ROTC units.
? Retention of the secret of the
atom bomb and the establishment
of a civilian board for scientific re
search in military material.
? Financial assistance to friendly
foreign countries not imposing trade
restrictions and then for construc
tive purposes only.
? Unification of the army, navy
and air forces into a single com
mand.
Following election of former Gov.
John Stelle of Illinois as national
commander, the Legion honored two
World War II vets as vice-command
ers, Fred La Boon of Chickasha,
Okla., and Dudley Swim of Twin
Falls, Idaho.
MASS TRANSFER:
Move Germans
Because of agitation within the
countries governing their areas of
residence, millions of Germans will
be shifted to the amputated reich
this winter despite a lack of fuel
and rolling stock needed to trans
port them.
In all, some 6,000,000 Germans are
to be moved from Poland, Czecho
slovakia, Austria and Hungary by
next summer, with the U. S. occu
pation zone receiving 3,200,000; the
Russian. 2,750.000; the British,
1.300,000, and the French, 150,000.
Disposition of another 6,000,000 Ger
mans from East Prussia and other
former sections of the reich has yet
to be determined.
Allied determination to resettle
millions at Germans in midwinter
followed previous denunciations of
forced mass migration from many
quarters, Winston Churchill, for one,
rising in commons to protest sgalnst
such action because at the tremen
dous dispossession of property, pri
vation and suffering involved.
The New York Scene:
Face* About Town: Eddie Cantor
convulsing chums with > report on
how a coast rabble-rouser flayed
him in a speech. He called the star:
"Eddie Cantor, the er, er, interna
tional banker I" . . . Mr. and Mrs.
Fred Allen reminiscing with other
Broadway showfolks on one-time
vaudeville companions. . . . The
Paul Galileos with the Paul Dra
pers. . . . Margo, the star, telling
youthful Bill Mauldin (the "Up
Front" author) how much good he
is doing for his countrymen. . .
Peggy Hopkins Joyce intensely in
terested in Diosa Costello's hip-flip
ping at the Havana-Madrid. . . .
Skeets Gallagher being asked for his
autograph while Be be Daniels (the
former film star) went unrecognized
by the same kids. . . . Martha Raye,
fit to be handcuffed. A mid town
hotel management disregarded her
baby and ejected them from a suite
because "it is reserved for a cock
tail party." # ?
Sallies la Oar Alley: Ken Roberts,
the radio announcer, was explaining
now atom could be broken up. "A,"
he said, "is lor Attlee, T is for Tru
man and M is for Molotov." . . .
"What about the O?" asked Dorothy
Shay. . . . "That's the big Zero,"
Ken explained, "which is what the
world will be if those three don't
get together." . . . Doodles Weaver
knows a punch-drunk pugilist who
can't afford a sparring partner, so
he calls taxi drivers names.
* ? - r*? r,A
Midtown Vignette: The Mayor the
other day sat in Magistrate's Court
where he fined many motorists for
this and that. ... He let off many
more, however, with merely a rep
rimand. ... It reminded us of this
episode. ... An out-of-towner was
motoring up Broadway and slipped
past a changing traffic light When
he stopped at the next corner a cop
said: "Red lights mean nothing to
you, eh? Let's see your license." ...
The out-af-tovmer handed it over,
and the gendarme made notes in his
little book after which he handed
the motorist a folded bit of paper
and his license. "Get along now,"
he ordered. ... At the next red light
the stranger read the slip of paper.
It said: "Don't pass no more red
lights."
Memorial to Gas Edwards: His
simple and clean songs (lyrics by
Will D. Cobb) were the heart?the
signature of a whole period of Amer
ican history. What family has not
sung "School Days"? or "Sunbonnet
Sue"? And how many grandmothers
were courted with "By the Light of
the Silvery Moon"? . . . His songs
were the kind American people loved
to hum and sing in their kitchens
or parlors. Because Mr. Edwards
and Mr. Cobb never wrote a song a
man couldn't sing to his mother?or
his wife couldn't teach their daugh
ter. ... He leaves us with the
memory of a useful life. ... A
noble, dignified and devoted wife.
. . . And a song to sing.
The Mag*: 1? the current issue of
a magsrine the ublquitious Bennett
Cert writes about practical Jokes.
. . . For our money, he left out (or
| never beard of) the beet and moet
touching one of all. ... It hap
pened to an eloping couple who were
told that if they went to the White
House, the President would marry |
them. . . . They were very guillible
?and their advisor very convincing.
. . . Anyhow they went . . . How
they got in, we dunno. . . . But the
President quickly sizing up the sit
uation, turned the tables. ... He
sent for a minister, stood up as their
best man, and then invited the
couple to spend their wedding night
in the White House. . . . Although
it might have been FDR, H wasn't
... It was A. L.
Manhattan Marals: The bobby
soxers starting the queue at the
Paramount to get the choice seats
during Sinatra's engagement . . .
They start as early as 4:30 a. m. ...
The Empire State edifice?recov
ered from its wounds (after that hor
rible plane crash into its throat),
wearing a look of indestructibility
again. . . . The well-dressed middle
aged man walking into the St Mor
itz foyer one middle of the night
without his hat overcoat, shoes and
sax!
Marlene Dietrich's pals bear the
has sold most of her jewelry be
cause she refused film offers (to go
overseas with our troops) and needs
cash. . . . Charles FarreD, no dope
be, invested <30,000 in five Palm
Springs bungalows, which win bring
neat rentals. . . . Paul Lukas' mis
sion abroad was gov't inspired. He
returned with a list of rich Hungar
ians who collabad with Hitlerites.
Good Fields Look GOOD From the Air!
? Q
Looking Down on the Land
The Fellow in the Airplane Above
Quickly Surveys Your Farm!'
By EDWARD EMERINE
WNU Features.
w v -rw nmnn _ t I <U . ? .t.u k_i I
WCj n EjX\Ej a lew muiuua
out of Kansas City, and
the C-47 transport plane
was gliding along at about 100
miles an hour, some 2,500 feet
above sea level. The rolling
lands of eastern Kansas lay
below us.
"Notice the erosion down
there, Art?" I asked the man sit
ting in the bucket-seat next to
me.
"Yea. I do," he replied quick
ly. "Pretty bad on some of those
farms, but look at the ponds, the
terracing and contour farming
on others."
The mission was a press flight,
and "Art" was Arthur V. Burrowes,
editor of the News-Press, St, Joseph,
Mo. At the time I was a public rela
tions officer with the Air Transport
command. A group df radio and
press representatives was being
flown to Abilene for the homecom
ing celebration for General of the
Armies Dwlght D. Eisenhower. A
lot of us were looking out of the
plane's windows, surveying the soil
situation as we sped through the
air.
r ii -as tt>J;i._ n
Lime mmny uuici s, cauhh our
rowes is interested in conserving the
rich soil of northwest Missouri and
northeast Kansas. The city of St.
Joseph, with its stockyards, pack
ing plants, cereal mills and rows of
business houses, depends on that
soil. Art Bun-owes writes editorials
about it, gives space for news sto
ries and pictures that tell about
keeping that good earth from going
down the Missouri river, into the
Mississippi, and on down to the Gulf
of Mexico to build a greater delta
there. He was that day seeing his
beloved country for the first time
from the air.
Take 'Mental Photographs.'
But for the past four years or
more, while bombers and fighters
have circled overhead and crossed
the 41 states, American youths in
those planes have been looking down
on American cities and farms. With
practiced eye they've taken mental
photographs of hills and valleys, gul
lies and mesas, plains and moun
tains, rivers and lakes. As they
trained to be pilots, navigators and
bombardiers, "they also learned
about America.
"I'm going to bay a farm when
the war's ever," a yanag pilot told
me. "Bat I want to fiy ever and
look at It first."
I knew what he meant. He want
ed to see the colorations of the soil,
the yellowish patches where the soil
was thin, the darker shades of red
and brown, and finally, the black,
rich bottoms. He wanted to see bow
much oi his farm would bo good land
and what percentage would bd poor.
In a minute's flight over the farm
he could see every gully, locate ev
ery pond, and view every effort at
soil conservation.
That pilot had seen soil all over
America, from the Everglades of
Florida to the hills of New England.
He had seen rocks sticking up out of
fields in Virginia and had battled red
dust over Oklahoma. He had Sown
over denuded hills of Alabama and
Georgia and traced the missing soil
to the marshes down near the ocean.
I'p la the air tha story ef the land
is told graphically and gaiekly. The
chart spread eat below kidee notb
tog and reaches from coast to coast,
from border to border. The vari
colored sells admit their worth. The
extent ef damage by a forest fire Is
viewed wtthia aainatee. fin Otoe riv
er fieed, laskiag eat to dretrej or
carry away man's heme and feed.
?viB take only a tow hears to cover
dreds ol tiers have seen It.
Year* ago I flew from Scottsblufl,
Neb., over the North Platte valley in
a small biplane. There were uncov
ered fields where potatoes and beans
had been grown, and the wind was
whipping up dust to be carried
away. But southwest at Mitchell, I
noticed something else. Where the
Hall Brothers had used strip-farm
ing tor their wheat growing, the dust
wasn't blowing!
Abandon Ranch.
It was in 193d, alter the "dust
bowl" years, that I talked to an old
friend. R. T. Cline, at Brandon,
Colo., inquiring about acquaintances
et other years. How is the Rupp
family? It was my question.
"They left their ranch," Dick
Cline told me. "They moved to the
Arkansas valley and have a filling
station, I think. So much dust cov
ered the range they couldn't run cat
: tie any more."
| Recently I flew over eastern Colo
rado, and the range looks good now.
Maybe the Rupps are back on their
ranch.
About 10 years ago I visited my
Uncle Ira, who lived on my grand
father's old farm between CarrsviBe
Erotl? Stows Its Calm.
ind Hampton, in Livingston county,
Kentucky. Wc walked over the hilly
term.
"It should have been terraced
rear* ago," Uncle Ira admitted. "It
tould have been dooe. There waa a
yig wash right here, for instance,
jut I kept filling it in with brush
ind trees and stuff. Not a trace of
t left now. see?"
I've never seen that old farm from
he air, but thousands of American
tiers have looked down upon it. I
h ink I know how it looks from up
[here.
Several aviators I've known are
xmcerned about erosioo in America.
Don't expect them to Join Friends of
the Land, or write about conserva
tion with the skill of Louis Brotn
Seld; but they're concerned about it
lust the same. One of them who
bad flown over the Sahara and Gobi
deserts remarked that there were
bo Chicagos or New Yorks in tboee
places. He might have added that
there were no Ford or General Mo
tors factories there either.
I am not a fanner, no more than
I am a pilot. For three years I
rode around in planes while I was
in the amy, but I'm Just a news
paper man with a rural background.
The first erosion I ever saw was o?
our homestead ranch near Calhan.
Colo. The settlers planted trees for
a windbreak, and I chased tumble
weeds for sport
The Honorable Robot G. Sim
mons. now on the supreme court at
Nebraska, used to be a representa
tive in congress. I've beard a tot
of his speeches, but the woat im
pressive thought he ever uttered
was, to me, something like this: -
"Nebraska has as mines, aa ea
wells," said Bab Slams?. "Ne
braska's wealth is eight to rise at
top soil."
Early in the New Deal, a abetter
belt was suggested. It was to be a
grove of trees from, the Canadian
border to the Rio Grande. It was
laughed at until it was abandoned.
But I'm not so sure it srouldn't have
been a good thing.
Gigantic Windbreak.
My reason for believing in a shel
ter belt is the Halaey National for
est at Halsey, Neb. Out in the mid
dle of an arid country to a beautiful
pine forest covering 30,000 acres, a
gigantic windbreak which cunmsos
the soil and builds it up year after
year. I can imagine such a forest
extending across the United States,
and it doesn't look silly to met
Soil erosion is everybody's busi
ness, I think. The banker, the doe
tor, the merchant?all are affected
as much as the fanner. Some tiro
billion people in the world depend
for their livelihood on that thin akin
at top soil spread over the earth.
Many believe that 140 "A"'" pmple
in the United States should be a
little concerned over aoQ loss and
destruction. In any event. It
shouldn't be left entirely to the
fanner to combat wind, water, Ire
and overcropping.
See It far Teerself
Many towns and cities are uatog
aerial surveys in their postwar plan
ning. Traffic, smoke. Tinning, park
planning and other civic problems
can be surveyed from an atqdhe^
many times more advantageously
than from the ground. And always
it is a thrill to fly over your sen
bouse and yard, to took down ?
the little spot you call hornet But It
is the vast farms, ranches snd
ranges that make the greatest aerial
panorama. See far yourself Get a
"sky-view" of the land you think you
know so welt You'll like it.
The next time you ride in on afe
plane, took out at the technfcotor
soil map below you, stretching mQas
and miles for you to study. Leak
particularly at the acres of poor, Be*
mated soil, yellowish and impotent,