Newspapers / The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, … / Jan. 17, 1946, edition 1 / Page 2
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Trial of Nazis Historic Attempt to Outlaw War Defense Attorneys Co-Operate to Test Validity Of Effort to Prove Aggression Is Illegal Instrument of Policy. , By BAUKHAGE Newt Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street N. W., Washington, D. C. NUERNBERG, GERMANY. - Glancing back across the hours and days spent In this broken city at the tremendous effort which has gone into the presentation of the American case at the war criminal trials, one can see with aching clar ity the pitiful shortcomings of hu man achievement In the spiritual field as compared to our material progress. The very court house is a remind er of this strange inconsistency of civilization. The beautiful renasci mento building stands in the midst of ruins which testify to the almost unbelievable power of the ma chines of destruction. Among the statues of the world's great law-giv ers carved upon its walls is that of Hugo Grotius, the father of interna tional law, who lived in Holland in the 17th century. It was be who laid down the principle that aggres sive war was illegal by asserting that there was a difference between a just war (of self defense) and an unjust war. Until now, in the middle of the 20th century, no major effort has been made to enforce that princi ple. Indeed, the tendency veered sharply away from that concept and only today I heard comment with in a short distance of the court room itself echoing sentiments expressed in American military circles to the effect that It was unwise to attempt to prosecute as criminals the Ger man military leaders like Doenitz and Keitel and perhaps Raeder and Jodl. The argument which is set forth and which is the heart of the military leaders' case in this trial was hinted at in the words of Jodl when he made his plea that "What I have done I had to do and I did it with a clear conscience before my people, my God and the world." It was taken then that the military defense would be that the high offi cers merely carried out orders as the officers of any nation would. Jackson faced that issue squarely at the very beginning and that U why he threw his full weight into the argument that these men, all of them, participated in a conspiracy to wage an aggressive war. And he proved it with charts showing the organization of the Nazi party, how it interlocked with the state, and then how each step followed the pre ceding one toward a planned goal of aggression. If the Americans win their case, it will be a great achievement and one long overdue, for it has taken nearly three centuries to produce a concerted effort to write Into inter national law the concept that ag gressive war is just what Grotius said it was ? illegal and that the men responsible for planning and carrying it out were criminals. There exists universal condemna tion of all the separate acts of mur der, pillage, destruction, enslave ment which war produces. Jackson believes that this fact makes con demnation of the thing that pro duces them sound and logical. It was very plain that when the German defense counsel heard Jackson's speech and later when they, like the press, were almost buried under the avalanche of evi dence in the documents produced, they did not have a definite plan at defense to meet the allegations, either general or specific. Triml Conduct*! With Dignity Shortly after Jackson's address I learned to my surprise of a remark of one of the leading defense lawyers which he made to a close friend. He said that he considered Justice Jackson's presentation a splendid contribution to International law if the court should accept it and that ha believed that it represented a forward step of great importance of which he himself fully approved. I might say that so far throughout the proceedings both sides have ahown a keen respect for each other and a number of the German lawyers who are professors in universities or accepted authorities on international law are expected to contribute to ward the ultimate purpose of the outlawry of war insofar as they can do so without injuring their clients' cases. It may be possible that attempts srfll be made to sabo tage the trial by introducing testi BARBS ... by Baukhage In some parts at Germany, France and Italy It is still believed that if you bury a drop of your blood under a rose tree, you will always have rosy cheeks. Blushes don't ? ? ? Headline In a Washington newe poper: "Unemployment Prospects mony which might tend to stir up ill will among the Allies. As we faced the German attor neys in the press room in the court house at one of the conferences which they requested. I could not help feeling that they were ap proaching their Job in a businesslike manner and that they were not per mitting the fact that it was victor versus vanquished to influence their attitude. I might add that some of the reporters' questions were asked with ill-concealed emotional motives rather than a desire to obtain in formation. This always annoys trained newsmen. They have no ob jection when a reporter presses hard for an answer Or makes charges in response to which he might expect an explanation, but baiting always brings a protest from the majority. Findi Stretcher Oat of Place It may prove to have been a mis take to include Streicher among the prisoners. As one lawyer here put it, "He's in too fast company." What he meant was that Streicher simply was not important enough in the Nazi set-up to make him responsi ble. He was perhaps chosen as a symbol of the particularly petty side of Nazi Jew-baiting. The other , prisoners from the first have had little to do with him. His newspa per, which was devoted entirely to anti-Semitism, was an obscene sheet and it went out of existence when it was found that Streicher had diverted party funds. I saw his sheet when I was in Germany before and it was one of those miserable at tempts at satire which is simply dirty ahd not at all funny. This trial is concerned with more important matters than Stretcher's sordid affairs and it is regrettable that he was included with the others, who, evil though they may be, for the most part are criminals worthy of consideration by a respectable court of law. As one of the members of the American delegation said to me, the real Importance of the trial is that it satisfies the allied peoples. They must be assured that it is conducted fairly and they must see its significance. In Justice Jackson's words: "What makes this inquest signifi cant is that these prisoners rep resent sinister influences that will lurk in the world long after their bodies have turned to dust. They are living symbols of . . . intrigue and war-making which have em broiled Europe generation after generation. . . . Civilization can af ford no compromise with the social forces which would gain renewed strength if we deal ambiguously or indecisively with men in whom these forces now survive." When Justice Jackson spoke those words I was looking at the prison ers. All were listening quietly. Sud denly Keitel began writing feverish ly. I am sure that he felt that such "intrigue and war-making" as he had engaged in was perfectly legal and proper. To eliminate that viewpoint is even more important than eliminat ing Keitel. ? ? e German teen-agers, one of the greatest problems in the restora tion of law and order, are in some places getting one phase of demo cratization ? instruction in the American national game. Reports from Frankfurt indicate that hi many places American troops are lending their equipment and are teaching the Germans baseball. This has been done spontaneously without any suggestions from the military government, which, how ever, looks upon it with approval. Of course, the G.I.S well known affection tor children, for which the soldiers of World War I were equal ly famous, tends to put the emphasis on this phase of fraternization with the more youthful segment of the German population. Naturally, any perpetuation of the Hitler youth movement has been stopped mnA this leaves the boys, especially those of high school age (since the secondary schools are still dosed), with plenty of time on their hands. Getting them to spend their on a baseball diamond instead of on the street comers is bound to be a healthy move. ? ? ? The commercial globesters of the near tomorrow will follow trails to remote comers of the world that the war made possible. The giant planes that will be able to carry you and your friends from the United States due east or west, or north or south, and back to the United States again, will have weather information from hitherto incommunicable areas, frequently where weather originates. And the planes will land on air-strips in many places where a tew years back no white man had bemi seen! % "COME IN, THE WATER'S FINE" . . . Hardy member! of the Polar Bear club took their annual first of the year dip in the icy water of Lake Miehifan at Milwaukee and a freed that the water was fine. Bat they failed to convince the spectator! on the anow-eapped shore. The temperature was 16 decrees above. ARTIFICIAL HELPING LIMBS PUT TO WORK ... Of conrse the artificial hand worn by this veteran (left), Lawrence Dilworth. Is not to be compared with the one he lost. Bat he can use tools with it. Vincent Tannone, right, also knew the horror inspired by the word "disability." He now wonders why he ever let it scare him. He has palled ap his trousers to show his artificial leg. Both vets are among a group now employed in a North Bergen, N. I., manufacturing plant. These men now spell "disability"?a-b-i l-i-t-y. GOBS DON NEW UNIFORMS . . . Bell bottom trousers, nit et nary ? Mae, the traditional uniform worn by eea-farlnf men linee the 14th een- Hi tary, are seen to fade Into ebHytoa. Left to rl(ht; bine, white and (ray, tj with shirts to match. The bine and white are dreaa uniforms, while the to (ray la primarily the werkto( aaiform. White tronaers may be wen ha with the bine battle Jacket to warm weather. The aailora will keep hi their "pea sent." The new naif ernes will be (tree a three months test, et KYLE MILKS ON BROADWAY . . . Miss Su Antonio, the milkmaid, U Kyle MaeDonneD. Ska demonstrates how New York looked at Times Square when* It was farmland, by milkinc a cow in the "halt of the world." The (bate was taken in front at a New York theatre daring the opening of a movie bnilt around San Antonio, Texas. Miss Mae Doonell admits that she would rather use a milking machine, but decided i to humor natives af New York City and demonstrate the eld hand method, i ERE COMES THE BRIDE . . . ?shed whispers, accompanied by tried expressions, came from on ?kers when they t limps ed the ide, Mollie Wyndham-Quin and ir (room, Hon. Robert Ceeil, after remony at Westminster abbey. COAST GUARD'S BEST . . . Select ed u one of C. 8. coast coord's best photographs at 1M5 is this one at two GAs returning from foreign soil. MISSOURI SNOW SBOVELERS WASHINGTON. ? The problem of snow removal from the sidewalks around the "Summer White House" created something of a problem just before President Truman paid his Christmas visit to Independence, Mo. At fi' st nothing was done about the snow around the Truman man sion. Secret service agents guard | ing the house said it was their job to guard, not to shoveL Finally James T. Hopkins, aged 59, got out his horse Dick, aged five, and with a home-made snow plow cleared the snow from the North Delaware street side of the Truman home. But he didn't have time to clear the West Van Horn road side because he had to clear the walks used by children. One day before Mrs. Truman ar rived, however, George Dodsworth, president of the Independence chamber of commerce, called out the chamber's six new directors. He told them that the snow around the Summer White House" would have to be cleared and their initi ation into the chamber would be to do the job. They did a good job. The walks around the Truman home were thoroughly shoveled. They did not, however, tackle the drive in the rear of the house. So next morning, two employees from the highway department arrived to clear the driveway. They had shov eled for about 20 minutes when the first lady appeared on the back porch. "You are shoveling gravel on the grass, admonished Mrs. Truman, always a meticulous housekeeper. _were some explanations that they had been sent by the high way department to clear the snow. "I. d?n'' care who sent you," re quR" *" ^ruman- "I want you to Which is exactly what they did. Mrs. Truman left instructions with a secret service agent not to let anyone scoop snow from the drive. Ana no one has. THE OTHER LaFOLLETTE. When the name LaFollette is men tioned in Washington, most people think of the senator from Wis consin, who succeeded his crusading bull-moose father. But another La Follette, from Indiana, not Wiscon sin, who sits in the house of repre sentatives, not the senate, is also attracting more and more attention. chairs fill up quickly when Rep. Charles LaFollette takes the floor for a speech. Colleagues may sometimes disagree with the two fisted Indiana Republican, but they agree that what he says usually is interesting and never fails to pack a wallop. In fact, one of his recent speeches packed such a wallop that conserva tive colleagues on the Republican side almost swooned. For LaFol cnif ?tiac!ted. .that super-sacred cow, states rights, and before he was through had virtually de-horned tne animal. "There are no sneh things as states' rights," declared the red-headed Hoosier. "There are rights of citizens who live with # Vz man who speaks or state sovereignty speaks the language of totalitarianism. . ere is only individual sover eignty." Colleagues on both sides of the aisle listened in amazed silence unly congressmen to answer were two Republicans: JenleHf iTw" and Bates of Massachusetts. Signifi cantly. no whimpera came from southern Democrats. "Did not the sovereignty of the states exist long before the fed e , ?"2rernment was established?" asked Bates. "**?' ,bal ???? existed leng of MsswchJ: aetts, shot back LaFollette "The state of M,?,eh,JXd? not create its citizens mad does [J* ttem. The citizens own the state. In the continental con gress and the convention which created the constitution ... the ?asae was net states' rights. "The issue was, 'Shall the people determine that they eaa he better served by a (federal) government with power ever the state.' That is the constitu tional answer, and K is the only ."newer. *?* parallels with any !*_" ?* the innate dignity and honor of mankind. From that premise I do not yield, nor shall lever yield, God giving me the strength to retain my Intelleetn shy moral and spiritual integ CAPITAL CHAFF. 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The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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Jan. 17, 1946, edition 1
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