Distance Dims Reality Of Europe's Need of Aid * Well-Being of U. S. in Contrast to Bleak Ruins Of Old World; Trials of Nazis Point Up Evils of Militarism. By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Kit Eye Street, N. W? Washington, D. C. Back in thia beautiful country where housea have roofs, furnaces have coal and larders have food In them, and cigarettes are thrown away half-smoked, I find it hard to realize that what I saw in wracked and aching Europe is other than an ugly nightmare. For that reason I am less stunned by the American attitude which bor ders on indifference as to what happens across the Atlantic. Less stunned, yes. Not less alarmed. When you walk among the ruins it never occurs to you that Ameri cana who are the most generous, the most sentimental and kindly people in the world, who will empty their pockets for famine-stricken, flood-drenched, Are-swept folk from Murmansk to Cape Horn, are not willing and anxious to help rebuild what others have torn down. Last winter people died of exposure in side their own homes in the city of Paris. This winter will be worse tor vast sections of many European countries. Trees have been cut down and burned for fuel, clothing has been worn out, bedding has been refashioned into crude garments, the flapping sheets of canvas which patched bombholes in the roof have been shredded by the wind and sleet. But all that is far away. Far away from me and I And that when I lean back and look up from my keyboard at the tip of the Wash ington monument, hazy as it is in the distance, it appears a real, liv ing and adjacent thing, compared to the scenes of which I was a part such a short time ago. The things I saw with my eyes, the voices 1 heard, the emotions 1 felt seem so unreal now that they form only a strange shadow-show in the re cesses of my mind. How, then, can you and I, going about our business, reading a few lines in newspapers and periodi cals, listening to a husky voice on the radio, seeing the quick flash of events in the newsreels of these distant folk, realize that we are still, as we were in the days of Cain and Abel, our brothers' keep er? SmA to Curb AggraoBN War Sine* I returned, the question asked most often of me concerning the Nuernberg trials is the very same one the Germans asked me before the trials began: "Why don't they shoot those rats and get it over with?" (To the Germans the pris oners are the men who led them to bondage and defeat.) And so I have to repeat, wearily, with the realization that most people have missed the whole point of the trials, that the miserable prisoners In the dock, despite the fact that their names were once blazoned across the world as the arch infamous of history, are unimpor tant That it la far more important to convict in open court, through due process of law with all the volu minous evidence, the Ideas for which a Got ring, or a Keltel or a Von Papen. or a Schacht, stood, than to convict the men themselves. That Is the purpose of the trials which are dragging their alow, democratic length across the pages at current history: to convict the prisoners as conspirators in the planning and the carrying out of ag gressive warfare; to establish in the law we recognize that such warfare is illegal. Many lawyers quibble over the technicalities of the process but I think when this case is studied in the perspective of history, it will be dear that tha creation of the precedent which it seeks to estab lish to Worth all the time and money and effort which has been expended upon' it The law makes precedents as wall as follows them. This prece dent, if established, will serve as the foundation stone in a structure at collective security, a structure we cannot build as long as ere are blind to the evil of a nation's deeds, which we accept as a crime when they are done by the individual. I reported In my Brst article from Nuernberg that there was doubt I that certain of the prisoners could be convicted, that the military lead ers might escape on the slender excuse that they merely obeyed or ders, the minor sub-humans like Streicher because they were too small to be caught In the meshes of an all-enveloping law. Since then the prosecution has shown how aD these men were deeply Involved in the vicious plot and counterplot of Nazidom whose prime purpose was aggressive, predatory war itself. Why didn't we shoot the conspira tors in the first place and be done with It? Because we wished to show to the world that democratic na tions can put behind them the law of the Jungle, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Because we wish to demonstrate that we, the con querors, do not intend to invoke the law of the conqueror ? "victor, volentes per populos, dat dura"? that we believe in the dignity of man and are willing to give that spark of manhood a chance to be judged by his peers, that we do not believe that two wrongs make a right or that that right is imple mented by might alone. Matt Reform German Mind The battle of the democracies Is not a fight of body against body, it Is a fight of mind against mind. The democratic concept which is based on the teachings of the Chris tian religion must triumph unless the world be divided forever into a race of fighters and a race of slaves. The long task ahead of us in Germany is the re-forming of the German mind. That will take the patience of the teacher, not the skill of the fighter. If we are un willing to spend the money and the time and make the sacrifices neces sary to re-mould the German men tality, that mentality will be used by others who know only too weQ how to channel it back into the ways of the warrior. It is no trick to kill Naziism, that itself is unpalatable to those who have borne Its yoke. The Germans are sick of it for it brought them only defeat. But Naziism was only a local afflication of the German people. Their chronic ailment is militarism. It will take a long and patient schooling to remove that poison from their blood and to transmute its power, its sacrifice, its stubborn energy into the con structive forces without which Eu rope cannot survive nor live at peace with its neighbors. Ai T tank hank on the efforts which were made by the United States military government to ex ploit the trials as a means of de veloping an understanding of democracy in Germany, I feel that they have missed a remarkable op portunity. As far as I know at this writing, the speech of Justice Jack son, which explained the purpose of the trials and convicted Nazidom out of its own mouth, is yet to reach the Germans in full text. It is ex-, ceedingly difficult for the Informa tion Control division (former OWI) to take any positive steps over and beyond the established institutions which they created before the lid was clamped down (the few estab lished American published maga zines, the one newspaper, the news service and the radio). However, the speech will eventually be trans lated and appear as a brochure which will be sold et a low price and will be greedily absorbed like every other piece of reading mat ter in the book-hungry Reich. Nor was the trial properly cov ered by the German newspaper men. After a long argument an ar rangement was finally permitted whereby a certain number of seats ?eight at first?were assigned to German newspaper men. They were never all filled while I was there. The explanation was that transpor tation was difficult for Germans. Newsmen were furnished with per mits to travel but they weren't fur nished with Jeeps, or space in a bouncing truck, or seats on the overcrowded trains. They were left to fight it out for themselves. And believe me, there is no room for a "kraut" on a vehicle if anyone else wants the space and U he does get a seat, what will he eatT There is no food available for the itinerant ex-enemy. The authorities should have seen to it that every German newsman for whom space at the trials eras available was occupying that space. And he wouldn't have needed a second invitation. I BARBS . . . by Baukhag* Cartful fhacbtnd by American au thorities hate revealed that most anti-Nazis come from homes where the father is either dead, an Invalid or dominated by his wife. see Fatal home accidents have been litresmisd lor more than a decade, wht* when tee think of crossing The Twentieth Century fund nyi that to IMS half our farmers re ceived only 12 par cant at all farm money income. ? ? ? list Dean at Canterbury, Eng land, after visiting America, said wa were 1W years behind Europe and from what I have seen at Europe recently I hope we'll stay that far LADY AS TOR COMES HOME . . . Pictured against a backdrop of a British flag at the pier, following their arrival in New York City, are Lord and Lady Astor. The viscountess, American-born former member of parliament, Is en route to Virginia to visit relatives. When asked her plans, Lady Astor stated that she "might run for congress." Matter of lack of American citizenship stands in her way at present, however. NATIONAL WESTERN GRAND CHAMPION HEREFORD ... To be crowned kingpin of the hereford family la no small honor. This stately and obviously self-satisfied hereford bull was crowned grand champion of his breed In the National Western Stock show In Denver. He's called Larry Domino S7th and is shown In the top picture with his proud owner. Alan Feeney, left, of the Milky Way Hereford ranch, Phoenix, Arix., and herdsman Pete Graves. W FLORIDA BIRDS WELCOME "MRS. WINNIE" ... Vacationing In Miami t with her diatincniahed husband, Mra. Winston Churchill, wile of Britain's i wartime prima minister, enjoys a aeaaion with the glamorous dealiens of i Shear's parrot Jungle. She is surrounded by maeawa and cockatoos, i which are net in Die least timid or awed by the gracious lady. Her I husband is spending most of his time with his hobby, oil painting. I FUTURE FARMERS AT WHITE BOUSE . . . President Trunin ahewa a* be receives member* ef the board of tnuteee el the "Fatare Farmer* of America." Left to right: VlrfU GetU, Fallon, Neh.; Eageae Starke;, Oriaa. Calif.: PreaWent Teaman; 1, Glyndon, Pole, IB.; Jeeegh B. Eapey, Maryvtlle. Me., aad Martea Baamgardner, Wellinctoa, Texaa. The er 'ntsatinn has aa active membenhip ef all traWag te become EADS FRANCE . . . Felix Gooin, 1, Socialist leader of the constitu it assembly, who has been elect- ? I as interim president of France, f e replaces Gen. Charles de Gaulle, t iving received 491 votes out of a i ossible S55. ii P 'AULEY TO NAVY . . . Edwin W. 'auley, California oil man, has been amed by President Traman to be ndersecretary of the navy. Wash igton reports that he will be named ead of the merged army-navy 'hen and if authorized. ______ I I IAVT'8 COACH . . . Capt. Thomas , I. Hamilton, who has just been ap- | tointed head football coach of the , J.8. naval academy. This will be his , econd coaching tour at Annapolis, a vine coached in 1934, 1935 and i 936. r IESERVE BOARD . . . Comdr. lame* K. Vardaman Jr., naval aide o President Truman, nominated for > 14-year term on tlie Federal Re lerre board of governors. Varda nan, a former St. Louis banker, is be son of tbe late U. S. senator of Mississippi. PRESENT AND FUTURE ... "As other (lass of Bilk and I'U bo there, pop," says three-year old Jodtr as ha f?*pares mnseles with his dad, li(ht ? heavyweight champion Gas Lesnevieh. Gas was Jnst discharged from sei ?ieo. Bo has saasaansd that ho will sooa bask Aghts. IUMT10N8 TO JAPAN WASHINGTON?The Pearl Har or investigating committee has ow spent nearly three months dig ing into military - naval - political easons why we were caught asleep n December 7, 1M1. While this is nportant, all the facts show that apan would have attacked anyway; ( not at Pearl Harbor, at some oth r place, and if not on December , at some other time. Meanwhile, we have seised various documents from the Japs, showing that this war was carefully built up over a period of years and that certain Amer ican munitions makers were ei ther unsuspecting or deliberate Jap co-partners. If we are to prevent war in the uture?and that presumably is one notive of the Pearl Harbor com mittee?the manner in which Amer can business aided the Japs to pre iare for Pearl Harbor is important. Ve must build up machinery so this loesn't happen again. MUNITIONS LOBBIES One thing the Pearl Harbor com nittee might well investigate is the vay lobbies developed in Washing on to put pressure on the govern ment to sell war goods to Japan, rhese lobbies, representing oil, gaso ine, scrap iron, airplanes, machine ools, made a lot of headway with the irmy and navy, sometimes with he state department. One man they never affected was Harold Ickes. As secretary of the interior he controls the export of helium gas, and at exactly the same month the above report was written, the Germans were trying to buy he lium from the U. 8. A. for their teppelins. The army, the navy and Secre ary of State Hull gave their okay. 3ut Ickes said no?unless Ameri :an inspectors were stationed in Germany to see how the helium was ised. Finally the question came up n cabinet meeting. Secretary Hull fave a long speech telling why it vas perfectly safe to sell helium to Jermany without inspection. As the tote went round the table, every :abinet member voted against ekes. But Ickes still said no. Under the aw, the secretary of the interior tas absolute control over the export )f helium. No one can overrule lim. So finally FDR turned to Ickes and said: "Well, Harold, you're the boss. Sfou win." ? ? ? v VETERANS' PROBLEMS Lt. Col. R. P. Bronson, chief of the contact and service branch of the Veterans' administration, dlinked when he was handed a tele gram from a distressed veteran the ather day. It read: "Assistance needed stop brother murdered here December 26 stop reply by wire." Colonel Bronson instructed an aide to phone the veteran's home city and see that he was given im mediate help. Then he continued to leaf through the daily file of pleas that come to his desk. "It's all in a day's work," he said. "But I'll admit that one had me stumped for a while." Wide and varied are the SOS ap peals the Veterans' administration receives from men wearing the dis charge insignia. They range from vets wanting to get traffic tickets "fixed" to those who want to adopt children, purchase new automobiles or get liquor licenses. "We're the 'Little Mother' agency of the government," said the eoloncl, a two-fisted overseas veteran with a sense of humor and four battle stars on his campaign ribbons. "We do onr best, but of coarse we can't please everybody. It would make it a lot easier on as if some of onr correspond ents realised that their ofT-the traek problems hinder the han dling of thousands of legitimate requests from men seeking ben efits under the QJ. Bill of Rights and so on. When they ask as to find them wives, that sort of stamps as." The love interest is uppermost ir unusual V.A. mail. However, i Maryland vet recently wanted hell in getting his water main connect ed. A West Virginian posed the fol lowing $64 question: "Do you know of or can you fine out about some government agenc] which can assist me in finding i wife? I am a veteran of two yean and nine months service?age 39? and so far, for dome unknown rea son, I am unsuccessful in finding i bride. Hope to receive a favorable reply very soon." - ? ? ? CAPITAL CHAFF Members of congress were no pleased by General Eisenhower'! quick departure from the Library of Congress auditorium after be ad dressed them on demobilization. Ad miral Nimitx had aides on hand t answer questions after be spoke but Tlsenliousi ducked out rigfa after rending his speech, leaving a one from the army to answer quee bone. . . . A1 Msrrno. secretary t Cisigisseaonien Clars Boo the Luc af Connecticut, has a new daughter Her name flare. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMEHT BOMB FTOIWmMM t im. ?OMC OWNERS Save tine and money on repairs. Twos easily rapines worn sash cords sr iM chains in windows yourself Ooa|Ml di rections and special tools. AB CrSSdB postpaid. WALTER w. WHITE 4m Colombia Bird. - FttI Blips ? ? MISCELLANEOUS BS3KK?U?.Wg Buy U. S. Saving* Bond*! 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