REPORT ON THE
RUSSIANS A
'inoAHBn.wr.nl in<E.
The head of the Soviet labor
movement was a very smart man of
forty-three called Kuznetsov. He
was really keen. He'd lived in
America, graduated from Carnegie
Institute of Technology with a mas
ter's degree in metallurgy, and if
you tried to point out that his labor
movement here wasn't really free,
he'd come right back at you with
some American example trying to
prove that ours was even less free.
He outlined their set-up like this.
All Soviet unions?representing 22,
000,000 workers?send delegates to
the AQ-Union Trades Congress. This
meets every year or so but hasn't
since the war. This corresponds to
our AFL and CIO national conven
tions rolled into one. It's strictly
labor?no soldiers or farmers are
In it. This big Congress elects fifty
five members to something they call
the Plenum. These fifty-five elect
eighteen to something called the
Presidium. And these eighteen elect
ed him its secretary, which makes
him head of the workers. He said
at least 90 or Si per cent of all
workers belonged to trade unions.
Stalin stayed in Moscow when Ger
many advanced on city.
So we asked him who didn't belong.
"Well," he said, "some apprentices
are too young, and then in the re
occupied regions, it takes a little
time to convince all workers they
should belong." He said the dues
were 1 per cent of a worker's sal
ary. There is no initiation fee, but
? they sell you a book costing only
one rouble.
"Now, is this a perfectly free
union movement," we asked him,
"or is it directed by your govern
ment?" <
It was perfectly free, he assured
as. Of course, he said, anyone they
elected to their Congress must be
approved by the government.
He said, "in 1919 a strike in one
steel mill lasted two days. And in
1923 there was another little strike
In western Russia. We were chang
ing over from the old czarist money
to Soviet roubles, and it took time
to get it all printed and out to the
workers. As soon as the situation
was explained to them, they went
back to werk. There have been no
strikes since, and in the future there
won't be any because our workers
understand they are all working for
each other." ?
"If a worker is discontented and
gets discharged for any reason,
would it be difficult for him to get
a job some place else?"
"Very, very difficult," said Kuz
netsov.
"Do you have any absenteeism?"
"We simply don't have it without
reason."
"But aren't workers sometimes a
little late?"
"Occasionally," he said. "The
first time he is warned. The second
time he may be fined. If it happens
again, he is discharged. If a work
er fails to co-operate, damages too
much material or does anything else
which we consider serious, he may
'be arrested and tried before a judge,
and if he is unable to prove his in
nocence, sentenced to a number of
years' penal labor. The rules in the
-factories are very strict and rigidly
enforced." And the union officials
encourage the workers to testify
against a man guilty of these of
fenses ? maybe they themselves
bring charges against him.
"Joining the trade union in any
plant is completely voluntary," Kuz
netsov said.
"How do you account then, for the
fact that practically everyone who
is eligible joins?"
"It is to their advantage in any
country, and particularly in the So
viet Union, where the Trade Union
Movement offers many benefits.
Here a union member received
greater sick benefits than a non
union member. There is a housing
shortage here and most factories
own apartment houses which they
rent to the workers. Union members
receive first consideration.
"All workers are entitled to vaca
tion with pay, but non-union mem
bers cannot spend their vacations in
(be rest centers maintained for
workers. If a worker is sick, the
physician may recommend an ex
ira week's vacation, and he can go
to a special type of rest center
equipped to care for invalids. But
non-union members are not eligi
ble."
"Usually about A per cent of an
employee's salary goes for rent in
these factory-owned apartments,"
he said. "Young apprentices live
in rent-free dormitories. Older
workers may live in them, too, but
they pay. Skilled workers, or those
who exceed their norms, are entitled
to better quarters. Because their
pay is more, their rent is proportion
ately higher."
"What relations do you have with
American labor?" we asked.
"None at all with the AFL," he
said. "We're very much disap
pointed. Also, their representative,
Mr. Watt, criticized our Russian
Trade Union Movement at the last
meeting of the International Labor
Organization in Philadelphia. He
claimed we were not a free move
ment. You can see that we are. I
don't understand why your govern
ment would permit this criticism of
our trade unions."
"Russia is your ally," he said. "I
can't understand why your govern
ment would permit it, and we sim
ply don't understand the AFL. It
probably isn't the workers, but only
the leaders who have these distort
ed notions. Here we are sure that
your workers really want to co-op
erate with ours, only the leaders
won't permit it. We do have some
relations with the CIO?letters from
Mr. Murray and several others. It
is more sympathetic, and desires to
co-operate, and more nearly under
stands the true position of workers
in America and workers here. We'
hope some day we can co-operate
with the American labor movement.
After all, we are working for the
same cause."
? ? ?
Until we reach the Urals, which
divide Russia-in-Europe from Rus
<?io.in.Aeio ? fl
?Nauriuin, UJC VVUUU/ TTC kij UVCl
is exactly as it was up from Teheran
?the same thatched villages domi
nated by white churches with red
painted onion domes. We crossed the
Urals, which are, in this area, not
mountains but low, rolling hills,
wooded with birch, oak, elm, ma
ple, but no pine.
At this airport, as at all the others
we are to touch, we are met by the
local dignitaries and important
Communists?all grave, cap-wear
ing Russians, well-dressed by Com
munist standards. Zeeses take us
across the city to the house of the
plant director, where we will spend
the night. We drive through teem
ing, unpainted slums which are
worse than those of Pittsburgh al
though we keep in mind that Mag
nitogorsk is crowded because many
industries have been evacuated
here.
We leave the slums and go up a
hill where, overlooking the slums
and the blast furnaces, are the spa
cious homes of the executives?
even as it is in Pittsburgh. We come
into a paved residential street with
gutters, sidewalks" and big yards.
Except for architectural differences,
we might be in Forest Hills, New
York, or Rochester, Minnesota's
"Pill Hill."
Magnitogorsk was started in 1916.
There are now 45,000 workers in his
plant, of whom 25,000 are construc
tion workers, for it is expanding
Twenty open-hearth furnaces and six
blast furnaces are operating, two of
which were opened during the war.
The mountain they mine contains
an estimated 300,000,000 tons of ore
which is 60 per cent iron, and an
other 85,000,000 tons which will run
from 50 to 45 per cent?quite a stock
pile! Eric tells me that we have
only about 100,000,000 tons left at
Hibbing, and are using these up at a
wartime rate of 27,000,000 tons a
year.
After lunch we drive to the big .
steel plant. I am riding with a cor
respondent.
Suddenly our car turns to one
side as we overtake a long column
marching four abreast, on its way
to work at the plant. Marching
ahead of it, behind it and on both
sides, are military guards carrying
rifles with fixed bayonets. The sec
ond thing is that the column itself
consists of ragged women in make
shift sandals, who glance furtively
at our cars.
The correspondent nudges me.
Nick, the NKVD man, is riding in
the front seat.
I don't know how those women got
there or where they were going, so
I leave them as material for some
mightier talent with greater imagi
native powers.
Entering the blast furnace section,
the director bellows two noteworthy
statistics at us; the first, that on a
1,200,000,000 rouble business this
year, be hopes to clear a 50,000,000
rouble profit. Secondly, that in this
inferno, they have per month only
eight injuries per 10,000 employees.
The armament factory takes the
prize tor the most sloppily organized
shop we have seen in the Soviet Un
ion. Stockingless girls with crude
sandals, lathing shells tor the Red
Army, stand on heaps of curled
metal scrap from their machines
Occasionally they are protected
from its sharp edges by crude duck
boards.
Some attempt is being made ta
remove the scrap. We see two girls
carrying out a load of it on a Rus
sian wheelbarrow, which is a kind ol
homemade litter, with one pair ol
wooden handles in front and one be
hind. It carries a modest wheel
barrow-load but requires two people.
They stumble along with it through ?
the rubbish.
We watch them milling shells for
the Red Army. There is no as
sembly belt but at one point they
have devised a substitute. When
one operation is finished, a shell is
placed on a long, inclined rack,
down which it rolls into the next
room for the next operation. Only
the rack is badly made and now
and then a shell falls off. Instead
of adjusting the rack, a girl is sta
tioned by it to pick up the shells
and put them back on straight.
Now we go through a brick plant
We watch the women laboriously
moving bricks by hand after each
processing operation. As we ai'e
leaving the plant, we see another
column of women marching under
guard.
A few hours on the plane brings
us to Sverdlovsk, before the revolu
tion called Ekaterinburg because it
was founded by Catherine the Great.
It was here in a cellar that the hard
headed Bolsheviks shot weak-willed,
well-meaning Czar Nicholas II, his
wife and family, later changing the
name of the town. Sverdlovsk is
another Soviet Pittsburgh, bustling
with a million people.
Sverdlovsk is the Soviet center for
the manufacture of heavy machine
tools. In one big shop we see a
gigantic drop forge, made in Duis
burg, Germany. I can well be
lieve that there are only four like it
in the world. It can apply pressure
of 10,000 tons.
The plant itself is the same old
Soviet story we have so far seen?
no light, dirty, bad floors, and in
this one the roof leaks. Outside there
is a summer shower and we watch
the water pour down from the high
ceiling onto the hot steel and get
soaked ourselves as we walk
through. But they have mended the
roof over the most important ma
chines.
Across the street from our flve
year-plan hotel is the marble opera
house. It is a little too ornate, but
Russians like it that way. It seems
to be the most substantial and care
fully built structure in town. It is
the provincial opera house, built in
1903 under the czar.
At Omsk the delegation of digni
taries shakes hands with us and tells
us that our bags will be left at the
airport, where we will spend the
night The building is excellent,
modern, simple and in good repair.
Martial law was declared la Mw
eow and aek-aelu brought to city in
great numbers.
It seems substantially constructed.
Omsk before the war had a popu
lation of 320,000 and now has S14.000
?evacuated workers, of course.
We inspect the Mayor of Omsk?
Kishemelev Kuzma. This is his sec
ond year in office. Before that he
was Director of Automobile High
ways, a confusing title since the So
viet Union has few passenger cars
and almost no highways.
We ask him how he got elected
and he answers promptly that the
people did it and goes into detail.
There were in all Ave candidates,
each representing one of the vari
ous trade unions. Everybody in
Omsk could vote, he says, and of
course the ballot was secret.
In the empty airport waiting room,
sprawled on the benches were two
khaki-clad figures. One asked me
something in Russian. The other
one said, "Hell, Tex, he's no Rus
sian.'
I said, "I'm an American. You
guys Americana too?" '1 should
hope to kias a horse we are," said
Tex.
fTO BE OOMTDtUBM
improved LLJ,JI 11
UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL
Sunday i
chool Lesson
By HAROLD L. LUNDQUI8T. D. D.
CM Th? Moody Blhte In.UtuU o* CtUcago.
Rtlaaatd by Western Nivspapti Union.
Lesson for June 2
Lesson subjects end Scripture tests se
lected end copyrighted by International
Council ol Religious Education; used by
permission.
FRIENDS AT BETHANY
LESSON TEXT?Mark M:M; Luk. M:
3S-42. John 11:1-3.
MEMORY SELECTION ? Let u lore
one mother: tor love la at God.?1 John
?:T.
Friendship comes to those who are
friendly. That response of heart to
heart, which opens up the deep wells
of mutual devotion, is one of life's
richest experiences.
There is too little true friendship
In the world because men and wom
en have not learned of the Lord 1
Jesus what it means to be a real
friend.
There are mutual privileges and
correspondingly mutual responsibili- 1
ties in friendship. There are sor
rows to share as well as Joys, and '
there are times when there must
be the outpouring of sacrificial de
votion.
"There's not a friend like the low
ly Jesus, no, not one!" is not just 1
the sentiment of a hymn writer.
There is no friend like the Lord. He?
therefore, merits our fullest de- '
votion.
There are three incidents in our
lesson, all of which took place in
Bethany, the little village near Jeru
salem where our Lord had found
real friends. He went there to rest,
to pray, and to find companionship.
These incidents reveal that
I. Love Gives All In Sacrificial De
votion (Mark 14:3-0).
A rather shocking thing took
place in the home of Simon. Jesus,
his distinguished guest, was at din
ner with the disciples, when a
woman walked in unannounced and
anointed his head with costly spike
nard ointment. The disciples were
surprised, and led by the betrayer,
Judas, who had his hands on and
in the money bags, they protested
such awful waste.
Think of it?the value of this oint
ment was 300 pence, the equivalent
(we are told) of 500 days of work.
That means in our day it would be
worth from three to Ave thousand
dollars.
She should have stopped to think I
Some lesser gift would have shown
her love, and this rich gift could
have been used for the poor I
Thus reasons the cool, calculat
ing church member; but the be
liever with his heart full of love for
the Master, gives without stint.
The Lord honored her gift, and ac
cepted it as the anointing of his
body for his coming death. He re
minded them that they would al
ways have the poor to care for, and
he would soon be gone.
Love which never overflows in the
abandonment of sacrifice for the
one beloved is a cold and distant
thing; in fact, one wonders if it
really should be dignified by calling
it love at all.
The Lord is looking for followers
who are willing to give themselves
freely and gladly for him, pour
ing out the lovely fragrance of a
life fully yielded to him.
n. Love Shares the Fellowship of
Joy (Luke 10:38-42).
The little home of Mary, Martha
and Lazarus in Bethany was light
ed up by that Intangible but delight
ful glow which comes with a friend
who honors one's home by his or
her presence.
He had often been in this home.
Here he found relaxation and com
fort. Here he gave of himself in fel
lowship and blessing.
But there was a shadow over this
visit Martha, eager to have a good
dinner, was "cumbered" in heart
and soon became critical of Mary
because she sat at Jesus' feet.
Do not assume that Mary had not
done her share of the work. She
had, but she "also sat at Jesus'
feet." In other words, she knew
when the time had come to quit fuss
ing and to get some real fellowship
out of the joy of having Jesus in
the home.
We who love and serve the Lord
need to watch lest we become so
"cumbered with much serving" that
we lose out spiritually. We can be
come so busy with church work,
holding offices in religious organiza
tions, yes, even with preaching
and teaching, that we do not have
time for personal fellowship with
the Lord.
III. Love Bears the Harden of Sor
row (John 11:1-3).
The very home where Joy was the
portion one day, became the house
of sickness, death and sorrow on
another day. Life la like that?we
may all expect that tragedy, sick
ness and trouble will come.
What then? Well, you will find
that some of your professed friends
will disappear. They are fair
weather, companions. They have no
taste for storms. Real friends will
stand by, and what a treasure they
prove to bet
But here again, the best friend of
all is Jesus. When Lazarus was
sick, "his sisters sent unto him."
Send for Jesus in the hour of need!
Oh, it is true that he did not corns
until Lazarus was dead, but he had
a good reason Cor that, and in due
time he came.
In Our Town:
Sallies b Our Alley: Rogers
Stearns (the 1-2-3 host) says he
didden go to the Derby this year
just mailed 'em his shirt. ... Ox
Nelson's nifty sum-up: "There are
two kinds of people in H'wood?the
stand-ins and the stand-outs." . . .
Jerry Lester thinks the guy who
dug up Mussolini's body and took
only his leg musts been his agent.
Mldtown Vignette: It happened
the other afternoon in a Radio City
elevator. ... A prim looking wom
an was teddibly embarrassed when
ber garter slipped from her nylon.
. . . The elevator operator, noting
her predicament, stopped the car
and doused the lights until she
made the adjustment.
Irving Berlin's famous song hit,
"Blue Skies," will be a click all
over again this year when it is re
vived in Paramount's film -of the
tame handle. Count Basie waxed the
first recording of it, due next week.
. . , Both Louis and Conn tell lis
teners they expect to win by kayos
-on the ground both are now "old
er" than they were. . . . The John
Erskines (Helen Worden) are study
ing Greek for their visit to Greece.
Erskine plans a book comparing
encient Greece with today's ver
sion. . . . 20th Century-Fox bought
"Foxes of Harrow," the best seller,
for ISO Gs, outbidding Paramount
and several Independents. . . . The
Rockefellers and the broadcasting
Brms have been having a auiet feud
(or yean as to whether that part of
the city should be called Rockefel
ler Center or Radio City.
Hotel rooms are so scarce for
any purpose that the hotelmen find
themselves the worst victims. . . .
Needing a hotel for their annual
convention they were unable to And
a single leading hotel in the U. S.
to accommodate them on the con
vention date?except one. . . . That
hotel is in Biloxi, Mississippi, and
they can have it, because the sea
son will have been over and it's
the hottest time of the year down
there. They took it!
Sounds in the Night: At the Singa
pore: "I hear Serge Rubenstein is
in such deep water that he's gonna
show up at his trial in a diving
suit." ... At Ciro's: "She's so broke
she doesn't know where her next
heel is coming from." ... In the
Stork: "Get a look at that beauti
ful fiddle of a figure." ... At the
Village Corners: "She's decided not
to be 25 until she's married." . . .
At Gilmore's: "Aw, stop talkin'
through your halo!" . . .At the Mer
maid Room: "Marriage is the magic
wand that changes Pupply Love into
a dog's life." ... In the Cub Room:
"I got a novel idea for the radio.
A Mr. and Mistress program."
The Federation of Churches is go
ing to raise heck with the Army for
allegedly burning tens of thousands
of Bibles left over in army camps.
General Motors' Frlgldairs
branch has the inside track, they
say, on Bing's return to the air?
if they can deliver a half-hour NBC
spor. . . LaGuardia has refused
to accept any part of the )15,000 sal
ary as chief of UNRRA. . . . London
reports that Sean O'Casey's play,
"Red Roses for Me," is his best
since "The Plough and the Stars."
It is headed for The Big Apple. . . .
Car dealers hear that 180,000 new
ones trill be rolling off the assem
bly lines sooner than suspected. . . .
The authors of "Woman Bites Dog"
will be amused to know that on
the night the show premiered a
woman publisher's mutt bit ber!
Physicians and vets were dragged
in, and there was an air of general
hysteria.
David Terry, who is of Italian de
scent, was listening to a bigot be
littling foreigners. . . . "And I sup
pose your ancestors came over on
the Mayflower," challenged Terry.
"Well, yes," said the louse, "now
that you mention it, they did."
"Well." eairf the rfevnH.nl nt I
Columbus, "where do you think they
would have landed ? if mine hadn't
'odhd the place first?"
At a round table discussion of
lewspaper editors the other eve a
publisher opined that Congress, on
natters of OPA and such leglsla- ,
:ure, was running the country be
hind closed doors.
"That part isn't so bad," observed
?n editor. "What worries me is the
way Congress runs things behind
:losed minds."
Horace Greeley's line on the
?raft: "Journalism will kill you, but
t will keep you alive while you're
it It"
Street Scene: The little old lady,
in institution on 50th Street (as she
s the only peddler allowed to squat
n the Saks' foyer) arriving there
>y keb. . . . They say an Ameri
:an Riviera may spring up at West
port, Conn., the home of several '
rultural leaders. Via the Longshore 1
Hub property into which mucho 1
nazuma will be chucked. . . . Memo '
torn Jed Kiley at the St Francis '
iospital, Miami Beach: "Two years
igo I was married in this town. 1
Ate year ago I was divorced hare.
Rile year I eras only ran over." i
^oum
Refuvite*
Ik WASHINGTON
By Wobar Shtod
WNI/CmfMM
WHU Wttkimtlom Bwu
Ull Sf? St.. W. W
Truman Gained Stature
During His First Tear
IUST about ail the newspapers
J and magazines in the country
have had their say at appraising
President Harry S. Truman after
his first year in ofRce.
Your Home Town Reporter hat
been able during this past year to
watch the President, his policies
and the operation of his adminis
tration from a more or less de
tached viewpoint. Luckily when I
attend the President's press confer
ences it is not necessary for me to
rush to a phone or to my typewriter
and hurriedly dash off a story of
my impressions, for in covering for
the weekly newspapers I have suf
ficient time to deliberate over what
has happened.
President Truman entered the
White House as an average Amer
ican without too impressive a rec
ord behind him at anything. He
had done his stint at farming, at
running a haberdashery store and
at politics, and in the latter he was
more successful. As chairman of
the senate war investigating com
mittee, he made a real contribu
tion to the successful culmination of
the war.
But when he was catapulted Into
the presidency by the death of his
predecessor, he was untried as a
statesman, unknown as to his abili
ties and he faced the heaviest re
sponsibilities any man had ever
been called upon to faee. Be didn't
want the )ob and confessed, his
shortcomings, his average Ameri
canism.
The average American back in
the home towns of the country like
and are proud of our democracy be
cause it gives them, as average citi
zens, the chance to improve and ad
vance socially, economically and in
tallnoii tall" -*? *'
. . . n gives uiem a
chance to grow and better their
standards of living.
President Hum Crown
This reporter believes that in the
year the President has been in the
White House, he has grown . . .
grown as any other average Amer
ican man would have grown . . . *in
his proficiency to cope with the
most powerful office in the world . ..
grown in his ability to judge men
and their capabilities . . . grown
under the pressure of enormous
events better to make decisions . . .
grown in his contacts with other
world leaders.
But In this growth of the Presi
dent he has built up no halos . . .
no traditions ... no myths ... no
superman, he remains an average
American who is growing up to his
job.
During our incumbency down
here in Washington, we have seen
successful business men with fabu
lous reputations as leaders in their
fields, tycoons of industry, come to
Washington to take part in govern
ment . . . and make miserable fail
ures.
Your Home Town Reporter does
not believe the President has made
a miserable failure. He is not a
brilliant statesman . . . nor is he
a great orator . . . nor a great
socialite. His voice on the radio
lacks the human appeal which was
so apparent in that of his predeces
sor, but his speeches in cold type,
matched speech for speech with
the public utterances of the late
President Roosevelt, do not suffer
by comparison.
v.. f?i? vi. -??*
>?? ??U Ul >U? CUW1 IS W WW
the co-operation of hla old col
lea (uei in congress. Our observa
tion has been, however, since the
first few days of the "honeymoon"
were over, congress has been more
concerned with showing the Presi
dent who was boss than in giving
him co-operation, or considering the
welfare of the American pecfiile. And
that state of affairs has come about
largely through reaction to the
years when congress either went
along willingly with President
Roosevelt, or grudgingly when he
used the big stick to bludgeon them
into giving the people his progres
sive program.
'Innate Democracy'
Much has been made of Presi
dent Truman's oft-repeated pleas
lor help from the people, from in
dustry, from labor, from agricul
ture. He has said again and again
that he cannot do his Job alone.
This has been interpreted by some
as a weakness. But in this column's
opinion it is merely an expression
of his innate democracy, since de
mocracy after all, is only a huge
co-operative governed by a major
ity opinion.
President Truman has made mis
takes . . . mistakes of the heart,
rather than the head ... In nam
ing some advisors and in leaning
upon their advice ... he has con
fessed his mistakes ... he haa faced
defeats . . . seen his administration
program emasculated and beaten,
even ignored by congress. Today
be is lea* naive, leas humble, gray
er, more dignified, more asaertive
. . . than when he went to the White
House in April a little mere than a
year ago. Hla smile la still apoo
=;
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mi JO aoccnrtd yon behind t
GUAJIANTEED FO* OKI Y1AL Cnlnifcl
dak model ...14 u 4* incha .. mA ?f
enduring mmh . .. com plea vsh i?rinios
shea and polnhed mctaJ nytm... wlieil.
bmincq lAe. oodeni ^oencyt
OADEK NOW! Send check or money aeda
?or mil ddrar CO D if pes dais Moasf
beck is 10 days if om sashed!
fm/t fa iedf is s fro asdsf
( THC LiOHTMIMoXDOfNO MAOflNf COL. J.
V Mil SMI ft, (Of swsew ts. CIISO?S!?
Here's One Of The Creetest
BLOOMRON
TOUICS^r
If JN lock BLOOD-WOK!
Ton si>K ass raa aha ausw aa
from sun pi* sn*ml* that you't* pal*,
sak. "disaad out"?tola mat b* da*
to lack of blood-lion So trj Lfdla ??
ptnkham's TABUTS?on* of tba MM
bom* wsjs to Bufld up rad blood ba
sat mora strandta?la *uch aaa. Hsh
ham's TsMsts sis oas of Um ftsatsM
Stood-troo tonics too osa burl
I
t
?MHaaMMM I
i ton a ? ici sii >
TOBSIIOWUtlSn
IB I M-nunni >
ny1 j uuutiyi
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Hey Warn of Disorders*
Kidney Action
If odors IBs vfth lis harry aed wengL
doa?taroas Mas? ami* aa th* aarh
af th* Udaaps. TMr *ma?s to kamma
*T*r4al*d sad lal ta gas axo? aftd
aadatbw lasartHa trsmtkalU. sliha
Maad. _ . .
dss heislsg sassdg sr tss ftesO
SSgrwrST^d ?? tba. biff a