I
Scientists Favor Unhampered
Freedom in Research Work
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W.,
Washington, D. C.
The bomb which leveled Hiroshl
ma end has since been echoing in
the Pacific did something to con
gress that could not have been done
the avnln.
?JttVJSC Hit CAJMV- j
won. It induced
the senate to
loosen the public
purse strings to
the extent of vot
ing to subsidize a
national scientific
research founda
tion.
Scientists don t
have many votes,
so the persuasion
couldn't have |
come by way of a ;
Inkki. Tl. kli ? I
luvu;. 1UC JJUUI1V I
imagination had been stirred. Sud- |
denly the layman realized that scl- i
ence was a powerful factor in war. |
He realized too that perhaps men
who could smash the atom and make
it smash the enemy, might learn
how to use the powers of the sleep
ing giant?atomic energy?for the
good as well as the ill of mankind.
At this writing congress has not
completed action of the bill but
probably will have done so by the
time these lines are read. The idea
of a national research program j
seemed very good to me. There- i
fore, I was somewhat surprised to |
hear a pharmacological authority of j
my acquaintance say that passage |
of this legislation "would be as de
structive In the Held of science" as
the bomb was in the midst of Hiro- 1
shima and Nagasaki. He made the i
observation in a group, several of j
whom were scientists. His hearers |
appeared to echo his sentiments? !
sentiments which I later learned he j
had set forth in the recent Bulletin i
of the American Association of Uni
versity Professors. He (Dr. Theo- |
dore Koppanyi) said: "In an anal- ]
ysis of the bill, a basic wTong im- I
mediately leaps to the eye. This is |
the assumption that scientific re- |
search can be 'initiated' or 'pre- ;
scribed for.' If this assumption
could be grounded, the natural se
quel to a national research founda
tion would be federal foundations to
'initiate' and 'prescribe for' the
composition of music, the painting
of pictures, the writing of poems,
and the establishment of social con
trols and education, for science is
probably the most personal and in
dividualistic of all human endeav
ors. No agency, however authorized
and directed, can develop a national
policy for scientific research."
Difficult to Pat*
On Projects
T\.? tl.?.-:? ? J -J ' ?
1IW UKUlfca auu WB/S UI i runn
ing of scientists, Dr. Koppanyi ex
plained, (and his collcngues agreed)
are as diverse as the world itself.
"How can we set up a court with
the power to pass on what is good
and what is not good for science?"
he asked, and then he turned to me
with this question: "Would you ap
prove of having a member of your
profession?a commentator or news
writer?appointed by a President of
the United States, as head of a sim
ilarly selected group of your col
leagues who were made privy to
private government information,
which was barred from other speak
ers or writers?"
Naturally I said: "No." (That
would be the end of the freedom of
the press and radio.)
Then Dr. Koppanyi concluded:
"You can spend a lot of money and
get no return. But if you trust in
human ingenuity, motivated by de
sire of public service, the love of
science, recognition, and maybe
selflsh aims alike, you will have done
more for basic science than you <
could ever do with billions of dol
lars of federal money."
Social Science
Study Lagt ...
' Spokesmen for the so-called social
sciences (the study of people, of
individuals and groups) were loud
in criticizing the omission from the
bill of provisions for research in this
field.
An engineer spoke for the social
scientists in these words: "We've
gone miles ahead in our study of in
aminate things, in physics, chem
istry and the other sciences that
deal with inorganic matter, com
pared to our advancement in the
study of human betngs?why they
act the way they do under given |
conditions, their relations to other
individuals and to groups, and the
action of the groups in relation to
each other."
He spoke of the recent pogrom in
t
Kielce, Poland, where the Jew*
were attacked and killed. It all
atarted from a false rumor, a plant
ed rumor. The very same thing,
the engineer pointed out, touched off
the riots three years ago in Detroit.
Those are known facts but there is
very little public knowledge of what
causes such action, how it can be
prevented.
Possession Is
Law to Ruts
Russian expropriation of Austrian
property and her delaying tactics in
the setting of the peace conference to
date seem to be predicated on the
theory: Why start any discussions
of who gets what if you can operate
on the old theory that possession is
nine points of the law?
Possession is an important factor.
Take the recent experience of a
Philadelphia horse. Around mid
night one night a horse walked into
a residential district and began de
vouring gardens of dahlias, morn
ing-glories, snapdragons and other
flowers. The infuriated household
ers tried to shoo the horse away, but
he kicked at them and went right
on expropriating the bourgeois
blooms. However, in the good old
American tradition, a policeman ap
peared with a rope and lassoed the
beast. He was removed to the po
lice stables where he couldn't
exercise a veto on this purely pro
cedural process.
This subversive tendency in the
animal world was revealed in an
other part of Philadelphia at about
the same time. Returning from a
week-end, a householder and his
family who had started a counter
revolutionary campaign against
what they thought to be a harmless
mouse, found a large-sized rat in the
trap they had set. The rat with the
trap attached as a minor incum
brance went right after the family
which climbed tables and chairs.
This time when the cop came he
felt aggressive warfare Justifiable
and finished the rat with hia rear.
tionary night-stick.
Congreuf Work
/? Never Done
Congressmen invariably come to
work January 14 brisk ot step,
bright of eye, confident they'll have
all the bills passed, all the necessary
business disposed of by July 1 at
the latest, so they can go home to
their fences.
The old timers, of course, know
they are just kidding themselves.
Business is never completed by
July 1, though they work from sun
to sun for, like woman's, congress'
work Is never done. Consequently,
Ashing trips, motor jaunts, and im
portant electioneering have to be
postponed while house and senate
members labor in Washington heat
to complete last-minute legislation.
This year, it was the OPAgony
that fevered congressional brows
late into July. Debate was so furi
ous, night sessions were so frequent
that I wasn't surprised when I heard
a man in the visitor's gallery of
the capitol ask: "Why did they wait
so long to get at the OPA bill?
Seems to me they always have a
lot of stuff left to do at the end of
a session that they could have taken
up earlier. Do they always let it
go so long that these closing days
sound like a rowdy jam session?"
I reported this remark to a man
who knows Capitol Hill, as you and
I know the short-cut home.
"There are no jams In congress,"
he answered as he inhaled another
tablespoonful of the famous senate
restaurant bean soup.
"Not even on OPA?" I modestly
needled.
"No," he said, "but I'll admit
they came to a near-jam when they
had to work like the dickens to get.
the bill to the President before the
OPA expired. But they did get it
to him (he was talking about the
Arst OPA bill)?and it was better
than a lot of people had expected.
That was no jam."
"What is a jam then?"
"What we used to have in the
days of the lame-duck session," ha
came back promptly. "Then con
gress had to adjourn on March 4.
A one-man filibuster could stymie
legislation up to midnight of March
4, and it would never be passed.
Then congress might act hastily,
and perhaps unwisely, to meet Its
inexorable deadline."
A jam, then, is when congress la
forced to precipitate action, or to
no action. That's a congressional
opinion.
Fd still like to hear what Harry
Truman would define as a congres
sional jam-up.
BARBS ? ? ? by Baukhagt
Russia apparently wants to win |
Germany's sympathy so that Ger
many will yield more easily to Com
munuation later. But that's a big
Job, and the bear might And it had
something by the tail that would
wag it.
0 ? ? ?
Russia has need the reto much
aa Senator O" Daniel and some at
^ his colleagues nag the filibuster.
According to the American maga
zine, New York and Chicago have
yielded (die) honors to the far west
ern states which now top the crime
record. Westward the course at. . .
0 0 ?
I understand that there is a new
combination gasoline propelled lawn
mower and hedge-trimmer. Now if
it would only sit up with the baby
we'd get a little time off.
QUINT CALVES MAKE A DEPOSIT ... The Wayne "Cornhusker
Quints," world's only lirinc quintuplet calves, visit the Falrbury, I
Neb., bank to make a deposit in their personal savings account
money tbey have earned at state fair exhibitions. The qnints were
born Nov. 20 on the (arm of Leo Sehmoldt, near Fairbnry, and now
weigh an average of 425 pounds. Left to right they are: Russia, Eng
land, China, France and United States.
PRESENT NEWEST ATOM-SMASHER . . . Prof. Ernest O. Law
rence, right, and Prof. J. Robert Oppenhelmer, have announced that
construction is nearly completed on the University of California's
latest and largest cyclotron, capable of producing more atomic eneryy
than is derived from present facilities. They are shown stepping from
recess in cyclotron which ultimately will contain acceleration cham
ber which will speed atomic "bullets" on explosion Journey.
NATIONAL PRO NET CHAMP . . . Bobby Riggs holds the victor's
trophy after winning the national professional tennis championship at
Forest Hills, N. ?. He defeated Don Bodge (right), in the finals, 4-3,
4-1, t-L The Forest Hills competition has long been considered the
classic oI American professional tennis matches. Rlggs won the C. S.
tennis championship in 1939 and 1941.
SIGNS BRITISH LOAN BILL . . . President Trnmaft used 2S pens in
signing the three billion ?M million dollar British loan afreement,
and gar* each oBeial present a pea as a memento of the ceremony.
The chief executive Is shown, left, with Lord Inrerehapel, British am
bassador Is the Esited States, and presenting him with a pea ased la
signing the MB.
PROUD OF HIS CATCH . . . Gen.
Dwight D. Eisenhower, army chief
of staff, proudly displays his catch
on the first day of his week's fish
ing trip to Big Lake, Northern
Wisconsin. He was accompanied
by his four brothers.
DIAMOND STAR DECORATED
... Billy Hitchcock, Washington
Senators' third baseman, who re
cently was awarded the Bronze
Star by the war department for
his services as major in the AAF
daring World War n.
MOST EXPENSIVE RACE
HORSE . . . Sayaji Rao, brother
of the famous racer, "Dante,"
was purchased recently by the
Maharajah Gaekwar of Baroda,
Indian potentate, for 28,000 guin
eas, about $123,000. He will be
raced in England.
WHAT IS ITT . . . College of Wil
liam and Mary, Williamsburg,
Va., had Ward's Natural Science,
make this bird with hind legs of
a eat; backbone, wings, breast
bone and neck of a chicken and
skull of a gar pike. Few students
could name it. Instructor had to
explain the combination.
GETS HILLMAVS POST . . .
Jacob S. Potofaky, SI. RnsUa
Immigrant, was named president
at the CIO Amalgamated clothing
Workers of America, to aneeeed
News^
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
PEACE CONFERENCE 'VICTORY'
MORE APPARENT THAN REAL
WASHINGTON. ? 'Tis being ad
vertised as a famous victory at
Paris. The accounts from there were
headed: "Molotov Finally Yields."
A weighing of the event since then
by expert?and even some official
news accountants?has developed
wonder if it was victory, and how
much Molotov yielded.
In the first place, China was not
made a sponsoring nation for the
big peace conference of 21 nations.
Molotov did not yield on this. The
leading dispatches from the confer
ence the day after neglected to men
tion this point. Nothing was said
about China. Earlier both Messrs.
Byrnes and Bevin contended the
omission of our friend in the Orient
as sponsor would be an insult to
her. Molotov claimed China was
not influential in the defeat of the
nations for which treaties were be
ing written in Paris?Romania, Bul
garia, Hungary, Finland and Italy
?and therefore she was not entitled
to be, a sponsor.
Morally, China was entitled to
be a sponsor as a big five mem
ber and a participant in the
war. Technically, she may not
have nsed any troops in the five
countries mentioned, bat the
United States did not use many
either in Finland (with whom
we were never at war), and
not many more in the Balkans,
although the Russians used plen
ty of our equipment.
POTSDAM AGREEMENT CITED
Next day France worded the invi
tation more peacefully, and a move
ment to salve China with the chair
manship upon the second day of
the meeting was attempted, but Mo
lotov insisted upon China's omission
as a sponsor, pleading this was
provided in the Potsdam agreement,
which has never been enforced, eco
nomically at any rate.
Then the big four conference de
cided to call the 21 nations, appar
ently to approve the treaties they
are making. This was regarded as
a victory for our Mr. Byrnes, who
wanted such a conference. But Mo
lotov wanted to restrict the rules of
the conference, which naturally had
no rules, never having been in as
semblage. He succeeded in requir
ing that each treaty go to a com
mittee made up of the leading par
ticipants in the war on that coun
try (which is all right), but he said
the committee must make decisions
only by a two-thirds majority
(which is not all right). The com
mittees apparently had ho power
to make any decisions. At least the
cuiuerence aia not. it couia not
change a treaty, or no public sug
gestion was made that it could. It
was merely called to approve. Cer
tainly its committees could not do
anything it could not do. Yet Rus
sia imposed a two-thirds majority
upon decisions of committees, with
majority decisions among the whole.
What this will do, I have not
yet found an authority to ex
plain. A two-thirds majority
without authority can only be a
two - thirds majority without
power?except to nullify any ac
tion.
TWO-THIRDS RULE A JOKER
Actually, the big council of nations
| was insisted upon by Byrnes to let
| the smaller nations participate in
| the decision of the peace. His vic
tory in this respect was far from
clear cut. Will the small nations be
satisfied? The question cannot be
, answered until you find out what
i the two-thirds-majority-rule-in-com
j mittees-only will mean to their
' conference. Obviously Russia drew
her peace in such a way as to be
lieve she excluded the small nations
from changing it. This is an old
' Russian position against small na
tions, which has taken many forms
since the San Francisco conference.
Actually, she does not care what
small nations do, but we do care.
What it looks like to me is that
Russia has considerably but yet in
definably stultified the Byrnes-in
spired conference, first by exclud
ing China as a sponsor, and sec
ondly by a fool-rule she can use as
a veto on action. This would deny
the existence of a victory for anyone
I except Russia in her purpose to get
the world to accept peace treaties
which (except for Italy) she is
| largely imposing.
The peace then depends actu
ally upon the terms of the
treaties themselves, and in Fin
land, Bulgaria, Romania and
Hungary these are being en
forced and imposed by Russia
?In Italy by us.
IS RUSSIA NECESSARY?
The illusion of a co-operative
world peace is thereby becoming
more elusive. The participation by
the smaller nations becomes less
, and less important and more and
more restricted. What was won at
Paris was that we got Russia into
another half-world conference for
better or worse.
My personal opinion is Mr. Byrnes
is proceeding on the wrong theory:
namely that we must get Russia
into an agreement est everything or
, be will lose his case.
CLASSIFIED |
PE P A R T M E N T
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BUILDING MATERIALS
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U. S. NAVY STORM SUITS
Just received another shipment of those
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DREIFUB. 12 S. 2D St.. Baltimore. Md.
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BOULDER DISTR., Bex 1774. Wllshlre
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ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
LIGHT PLANT ? 3.00?-WATT
1 phase, 110-volt A.C. remote starting,
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Practically new. $375 cashTJ. ROMAN,
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FARMS AND RANCHES
SEVERAL VERY ATTRACTIVE FARMS
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$10,500. P. B. HOOP. Phene S6-J. New
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HELP WANTED?MEN
HERDSMAN
EXPERIENCED, JINGLE
For modern, progressive Dairy Herd
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environment and working conditions.
Wages include room and board.
HELP WANTED?MEN, WOMEN
NURSES. PRACTICAL.
Female and male.
?00.00 month registered.
$85.00 month unregistered.
Uniforms and (till maintenance.
Modern Chronic Disease Hospital.
Far* refunded after 60 days.
HOME FOR INCURABLES
183rd Street and Third Avenae
Bronx New Tnrk.
INSTRUCTION
GOLD: When, where and how to prospect
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prospector's experience In looking for
Sold. For beginners or old timers this fa
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1S0? tlrd St. - Wichita Falls. Texas.
LIVESTOCK
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MISCELLANEOUS
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synopsis "Son of theFheik "fireside booklet.)
FIRESIDE FILMS .
145 W. 45th St. New Ysrk City^ +
WANTED TO BUY
to""0 Cash Registers
WILL CALL ANYWHERE?ANYTIME
Z'Sh SAMUEL 349 N. 9th St
WA 2-45S3 PH1LA. 7. PA. Et? T? 7-H74
| i
| ===
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Tou girl* and women who lorn *0
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this may be due to lack at blood-Iron.
So try Lydla a Plnkham'e TABUTS
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Ptnkhamr Tablets ar* one at tho
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WNUIj~ 91?46
CTH3WWHMMCHHBH
May Warn at Disordered
Kidney Action
Madera life wit* he terry sad warty,
sas^&ssssraTaSS
Horn t&row heavy atraia on tha wori
of the kidney*. Thoy ara apt to baeouM
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and otbar imporitiaa fro? Ua UI^dTiDC
Mood.
tlrod, ncrvooa, all worn oat. Othar aigna
of kidney or bladdar diaordar ara eaai
tlmaa burning, oeaaty or too fi?i?t
g^aation.
Try Doato** PitU. Peoa'a bat* tha
kidnaya to paaa off harvf ?l axeaaa body
vaata. Tbay hare bad mora than balf a