VOL. XL VIII. *— i YOU FREE.”—John viii, 32. ‘AND YE SHALL ENOW THE TRUTH, AND THE TRUTH SHALL CHARLOTTE, N. C„THURSBAY, 25, 1925 LYNCHING RECORD OF THE STATES Washington, March 24—“Mob * law has thrown down the gaunt let to the churches and all other organizations standing for law and order and justice through the courts/’ says the Commis sion on Race Relations of the Federal Council of Churches in announcing its fourth annual Non-Lynching Roll of Honor. Seventeen lynchings were re corded in 1925, showing an in crease of one over the preceding year, when sixteen were report ed, the statement points out. All the victims were Negroes. “Furthermore, the goal of achieving a lynchless land in 1926, for which the Churches were striving, cannot be reached this year, for already during January there has been one Ne gro put to death by a mob,” the report says. Two unusual events are recorded. For the first time in the records of the evil Texas was free of lynching and Utah had its first lynching in forty-one years. “During the past year five States which had previously been on the Honor Roll, namely: Arkansas, Ohio, Virginia, Ala bama and Utah, lost their places becuse of mob murder within their borders,” continues the document. “In the case of Utah, there had not been a lynching previously since 1884. Texas was placed upon the Roll because for the first time since the beginning of full records of lynching in 1882 this State was clear of lynching. Four States, Illinois, Kentucky, South Caro lina and Tennessee, which had been on the Roll in former years, were restored because stheir borders were free of lynch ing in 1925. Thirty-eight ^States were free of lynching in 1925 and ten States disgraced by it. “The fourth annual Roll of Honor of the States free from lynching in 1925 are as follows: “States that have never had a record of a lynching: Massachusetts, New Hamp shire, Rhode Island and Ver mont -- 4 Additional states tnat have no record of a lynch ing since 1886: Connecti cut, Maine and New Jersey 3 “Additional States that have no record of a lynch ing during the past twenty year: Delaware, Michigan and Wisconsin - 3 “Additional States which have no record of a lynch ing during the past ten years: Idaho, Indiana, Io wa, Maryland, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ore gon, Pennsylvania and S. Dakota_ 10 “Additional States which have no record of a lynch ing in the past five years: Arizona, California, Colo rado, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New York, Washington, West Virginia and Wyoming — 11 “Additional States which have no record of a lynch ing in the past two years: North Carolina and Okla homa -- 2 “Additional States which have no record of a lynch ing during 1925: Illinois, Kentucky, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas 5 Total States free of lynch ing in 1925 _ 38 “Total States still having lynching_10 “An encouraging fact is that a number of States have contin ued to be free of mob murder for increasing numbers of years. Thus a new class of States that have had no recordof a lynching during the past 20 years can be added to the Roll this year, and three States, Delaware, Michigan and Wisconsin, are placed in this new class. Fur thermore, four states moved in to the five-year class, namely: California, Kansas, Minnesota and West Virginia; and one State, Oklahoma, moved up in to the two year class. “Special mention should be made of Texas because of a de termined state-wide effort made by the newspapers, the inter racial committees, the churches, women’s organizations and sev eral courageous sheriffs to place the State on the Honor Roll. In a ringing editorial early last year one of the leading newspa pers said that the entrance of Texas clean-handed upon the Federal Council's Honor Roll was 'a consummation earnestly to be sought.’ “A study of the figures com piled by Prof. Monroe N. Work, of the Department of Records and Research, of Tuskegee Insti tute, shows three additional sig nificant developments, two fa vorable and one unfavorable, which should be noted in last year’s evperience. Two of the Negro victims lynched were in sane; three had been formerly released by the courts after ex amination or trial; ten of the persons lynched were forcibly taken from the hands of the law, two of them from jails and eight from officers outside of jails. “On the other hand there were thirty-nine cases reported in which officers of the law pre vented lynchmgs; seven of them in Northern and thirty-two in Southern States, and in thirteen of the preventions armed force was used against the would-be lynqjjjers. “The second favorable trend is that in three instances during the year persons accused of be ing, connected with mobs were indicted, forty-one persons in all being before the courts, and twenty-one of them receiving sentences ranging from thirty days in jail tight, years in the penitentary.” WOMAN’S WORK IN THE CHURCH. Washington, March 22— A study of the place of women and women’s work in the life and work of the Church as a whole is now being made. It promises to attract widespread interest. It is undertaken by a joint committee representing the Federal Council of Churches, the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Federation of Women’s Boards of Foreign Mis sions under the direction of Miss Clarissa H. Spencer, whose ser vices have been loaned by the National Board of the Y. W. C. A. The Research Department of the Federal Council is co-oper ating. The inquiry will include the present lorm of organization of women’s work in the various communions, the relations of the women’s societies to the general organizations of the Church, the reasons for and against the tendency to develop inclusive boards and agencies made up of men and women serving together, the extent to which women are eligible to serve upon national and local of ficial church boards, and the status of women with regard to the ministry and other forms of religious work. The officers of the joint com mittee are: Chairman, Mrs. John Ferguson, President' of the Council of Women for Home Missions; Vice-Chairman, Mrs. E. H. Silverthom, President of the Federation of Woman’s Boards of Foreign Missions; and Secretary, the Rev. Samuel Mc Crea Cavert, Federal Council of Churches. THE YADKIN PRESBYTE RIAL. The Woman’s Presbyterial Society, of Yadkin Presbytery will hold their meeting April 14th at St. James church, Greensboro. AU societies are expected to be represented. Please send in your contingent fund, which is ten cents per member. MRS. E. B. MEARES, Pres. MRS. J. H. Clement, Sec. ELDER BENJAMIN F. CLARK By Rev. L. J. McRae Elder Benjamin F. Clark, El der of the Clark Presbyterian church, of Hamlet, died at one thirty o’clock, February 26th, 1926, at his home six miles out from Hamlet. He was born in Richmond County, near Laurinburg, and lived in that county until the formation of Scotland County from Richmond and other ad ing counties. It was early in his life that he caught the vision to become a great land owner. For many years he lived at home on his own place, a large tract of land that he owned in Scotland coun ty which would be a credit to any man. ') He labored hard and under many disadvantages, yet he was determined to be successful in his vision. Although a man of a limited amount of education, he was able to accomplish many things. On this beautiful tract of land was a beautiful country home that helped to make home life a source of pleasure. He believed in planting and raising everything that was ne cessary for country life. Assisting him in his success was a splendid wife, who believes in home economy, and a splendid set of children—boys and girls. These children were taught how to work, and especially to use the best method in managing af fairs. Not only was Elder Clark an industrial leader in the commun ity, but he was a great church man—a man who, in his early life, gave himself to God to ad vance His cause here upon earth. For forty-four years or more He was identified "with the Presbyterian church. He was a member of the Chapel Hill church for several years, and al so had the good privilege of serving that church as an elder. After having held his member ship at the Chapel Hill church for several years, he saw fit to move his membership to the Silver Hnl Presbyterian church. At this church he caught anoth er vision. While he and his fam ily were members of the Silver Hill church, he saw the great need of a Presbyterian church at Hamlet.' In the situation at Hamlet he found a few Presby terians. Telling them of his purpose and plans in a meeting together, they all agreed that a Presbyterin church was much needed. To be safe in this pro ject he thought it wise to have some legal advisers. He then consulted the Rev. W. J. Ran kin, D. D., of Southern Pines, and the Rev. W. A. Scott, of Hope Mills. These men gave him the encouragement that he wanted and during the meeting of the Yadkin Presbytery twen ty-five names were presented for consideration and organiza tion. The Presbytery heartily endorsed Elder Clark’s desire, and very soon afterward the or ganization was made of the church, bearing the name of Clark Presbyterian church, the name of Elder Clark. After the organization a building was needed in which to worship. He began to organize the little flock into clubs to raise money with which to build. It was not long before the erection of the building began and his dream was realized. The mate rial came from his own place and was sawed at his own saw mill. During this time the Rev. L. J. McRae was pastor and is now pastor of the Clark church. Elder Clark left to mourn their loss, yet heaven’s gain, a good wife, six boys and five girls, twenty grandchildren and a host of friends. He was funeralized at the Clark Presbyterian church, Hamlet, by Rev. L. J. McRae, as sisted by Rev. J. B. Francis, and Rev. L. W. Wertz, of Hamlet. He was laid to rest in the Ham let cemetery. By Albert Dinkins The necei character inferred f: acter of of the t< not that great arml ry, and tlT martial gl halls of assemble warriors a: for high moral e teacher may be the exalted char sio'n and work His mission is soldier, to lead to battle, to victo hining heights of and to the painted tery fame, where congress of great conquerors from all nations |md of all ages, though here ic and patriotic that mission be; nor is ft to build great cities and systems, of rail roads, the c inters and highways of commer lef and civilization; nor to cons teuct great systems of intricate machinery to con vert the ra v material of the world into myriad manufac tured artief a for the innumera ble uses ahi appliances of civ ilized societ r, though great and important pat mission be; but and yet more im the teacher’s mis greater sti portant is sion. It is saiq, He is the best teacher who, is able to reproduce himself in His pupil.” If this be true, then ihe teacher himself should be in all high moral at tainments, $11 that is desired in the moral character of his pu pil ; for, according to the princi ple set forth in the proposition, if the teacper be of low moral grade, he i^rill reproduce the same character in his pupil, and vice versa. It is recorded by the pen of ^inspiration, that no man liveth* to himself; and of no one is tips more emphatically true th an teacher. He exercises a moral power and in fluence over his pupil that often surpass those of the parent in forming and determining the character of the pupil. In many cases the teacher even stands between the pupil and parents; his word, example and precept are more potent with his pupil than theirs. Since it is an in nate principle of human nature to approximate as nearly as pos sible in one’s own personality the realization of the ideal, the pu pil appropriates into his own life and character the life and character of his teacher, wheth er these be good or otherwise. Too many think that the accu mulation of physical, scientific and historical facts concerning man and the world constitute education. Per se this is only the development of memory of the concrete; but there is a realm where God comes in con tact with man, where spirits, human and divine, communicate with each other and character is formed. The true teacher must himself be a citizen of this realm before he can conduct his pupils thither. Here is where the student finds things more precious than life itself. Here is where he learns to prefer death to dishonesty. The most woeful curse of our erstwhile teaching has been the most ut ter neglect of the development of this higher life. Its baneful influence crops out in every phase of the civic and social fabric of our present day exist ence. It takes place in the gambling, stealing, lying, sharp witted men and women who are to be found in constantly in creasing numbers in every walk of life. To bring the issue clos er home, and at the same time show the awful responsibility imposed upon the teacher by his environments, let us mention just a few facts concerning Ne gro criminals, that class who are doing us as a race, incalculable harm. There are more than 2,000 Negro criminals serving sen tences in the prisons of Virginia. What must the number be in the whole country? Of these 2,000 and more, 98 per cent can read and write. More than 900 are under 21 years of age. The remainder, with few exceptions, are under 30 years of age. Practically all have been to school, but they are as yet un reached. Is it, then, any won der the charge is made that* for the most part, these youthful criminals must have, during school life, formed their char acters under the tutelage of teachers, who, to put it mildly, did not emphasize the sins of lying, gambling, stealing, drink- . ing, lustfulness and wrong do ing of all sorts? No class of workers contribute more to the stability of the government and to domestic tranquility than the true teach er. The preacher of the gospel, I dare say, does less in the de velopment of the character than the teacher. r* ’ In most cases the iron stylus of the teacher has inscribed its marks of character for eternal weal or woe into the plastic minds of his pupils long before the minister of the gospel gets the opportunity to recommend the means of grace. The teach er it is who ought to give the earliest moral discipline that prepares the community for higher and broader views of duty in all the multifarious de tails of the intricate relations of community life. I say the teach er does this because the vast majority of the parents of Ne gro children have not time to sit for hours daily to instruct them. The noblest profession on earth is that of the teacher. He is to work* by the most refitted on fiat delicate. ethr AytTg¥rfffii^7rM,7y*,-> • -**1X1 i^TiriaBp53F5tvir wp ereal substance, the immortal soul. Soul in immediate con tact with soul, the teacher and taught stand to each other. The spirit, the character, of the one overleaps mere words and com pels a subtle union with the other. With alchemic potency the teacher turns the character of the pupil into pure gold or cankerous brass. The moral ideas, in a more or* less crude form, are the eoin mon possession of the human family. The savage, to what ever race he may belong, has a code of ethics, and it is upon this nucleus of moral truth that we rest our hope for the ulti mate redemption of all peoples. It was upon this principle, this belief in an innate moral na ture, that the father of ethical philosophy proceeded in formu lating his theory of the con cept. He appealed to the moral basis in the rational life of man, to those elements which are the very attributes of rationality, and, as a matter of cosmic con sequence, he was successful as a teacher of men. The truly successful techers are those persons whose ideal is the attainment of a character like that of the Supreme Being. We may say that most of the great teachers of mankind have won success just in proportion as they have reached the moral consciousness of men, and have in some way linked it with the universl belief in the essential righteousness of some power superior to man. Long before the Christian era a wise man taught that the highest good, the supreme aim of life, is to become like God, and three hun dred years before, the prophet Micah had asked, “What doth the Lord require of thee but to do justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with thy God??1 These words of the prophet have the right ring, for the aim oi all teaching is the development of character; such persons only as have Godly characters are qualified to lead the young ir forming habits of effective vir tue. The true teacher must also be imbued with sacred regard f01 noble manhood and womanhood Without this, there can be bu1 a wrong estimate of charactei and a fate measure of moral values in if|ial life. We must be firm in the cjonviction that racial affiliation ahd character are in commensurable quantities and the nature of the one argues nothing as to the work of the ather. Failure to appreciate this trutn has led many deluded men to propose, for colored peo ple, special educational programs based as a matter of course upon a misconception of the fundamental principles of the philosophy; of education. Teaching is the unfolding of truth in fts application to the common Experiences of life. To teach trutji, one must know and love it, and the precepts of truth lie along the line of obe dience to law. As the highest law is the moral law, no teacher is fully ^equipped who has not submitted his mind to this law, and learned to think and move within its realm. He must have it written in his heart and dom inant in his life, otherwise he is not fit to associate with chil dren in the formative years of their lives. If, then, we rely oh divine truth, if we make ourselves al lies, .aptfie Almighty, speaking His wbrds and doing His deeds, we shall take place and authori ty amqng men, we shall attain moral , eminence, which is the only superiority worthy of the ambition of the truly educated man or woman. HAKBISON AGRICULTURAL ■ COLLEGE NOTES By Mrs. A. P. Butler. Since our last writing we have had several visitors on the cam pus. We were glad to have with us Rev. W. A. Byrd, of Jersey City. President. He addressed the students. The address was re plete with good things. The edi tor of the New York Age, Mr. Fred R. Moore, accompanied him and cheered us by timely remarks. Mrs, Carrie Jones, of New York City, and her sister, Mrs. Marie Ballard, of Seabright, N. J., were visitors of Prof, and Mrs. A. P. Butler. They have a sister here also, in the person of Mrs. Irene Eichelberger. The faculty and students were highly entertained recently by Mr. Maxwell, the magician, of Greenville, S. C. Mr. Maxwell was accompanied by his wife and little son. A social meeting of the La dies’ Missionary Society was held Thursday afternoon, Feb ruary 25, at the home of Mrs. R. W. Boulware. Several games were played, after which re freshments were served. Several ladies of the community attend ed. Small red hatchets were given as souvenirs. Mrs. D. H. Hall was hostess to the regular monthly meeting of the Missionary Society. At the close of the meeting the hostess served ambrosia and cake. Several of our students at tended the Older Boys’ Confer ence which met at Benedict Col lege, Columbia, S. C. They brought back a glowing report of the Conference The season has come to “play ball.” Our boys are happy over the fact that a coach in the per son of Mr. Luke Archie has been given them. Friday, 12, they crossed bats with Allen University. It was a hard fought game, and ended 7 to 6 In the favor of Harbison. Rev. J. M. Miller, of Emerson Institute, is a Harbison rooter and graced the occasion with his presence. Friday evening a large and appreciative audience witnessed the rendition of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” a play given by the Dra matic Club, under the direction of Miss J. E. Young. The play was voted a success by all. Sev eral of the Fairwold girls, un der the care of Miss Eva Prio leau attended the play and pleas (Continued on page 4) '