V.-X.IjfJTj-
n.
.1 i.I ',.'. .i rt.Vli! I.,
eT a ft k - m aw i a a. a. naT a. -- f um . t a . j rhf ... 4 u - . x
: X V. GOSLEB Elilsr BliPrqitt tr.
. JQ3. .P.RIN.TIN0
' son at Tfcjs aTicay seen as f
S Mo-lhly SlatemtxU, Petttrt,
. Programme, Circular,
Aimmm Crt, Labd, Jtc, ttc,
aviated with neatness and dispatch, and
at OOM"HV4v i i-va. , - i-
fitSf Smn Aiojk Yorm.Psw
GENERAIi DIBECTOBY.
' tut OFFICES. ?
"WiiCfcTojr OfSc boors from 630 A. 11.
kj 7.-80 o'clcielt, P. M. Office ope from
lo8oV1ock. A. 1L. 8onI7. KmI
rol Mail riuu erery oy,Sa4y
cTtd, t P. M.,1 arriTM iU
1230 A. M.
ilotint Airy Mfl- c!o rery d.iy,
SnntUy exo pted, at 7 i o'clock, A.
11. Duvefy dy, P. Mv
IXadiaoa SIuH eioie errry Monday,
Wednead mud Friday, at 7 o'clock, A.
M. Due erery Tnaday, Thuraday aud
Saturday, at 6, P. II.
Tbo Mail' for Richmond Hill, Fulton
mm A irantaTilttflaarr from Balem office
as followa: Huotarille Mall, ria. Cleoi
BonsTilk,LewiaTfllnd Panther Creek,
cloaca Monday, Wednesday ami Friday
at H-20. A. M . Dne Toeaday, Thursday
and Satnrday at 3, P. M.
Fulton Mail, via Friedberg, Miller 'a
Mill and E! avill, cloaes crery Friday
at 6J30, A. M., due eyety Saturday by
1, P. II.
Richmond Hill Mail, Tia Mount Tabor,
Vienna, lld lLin and Eat Bend ;
eloaea every Fridy ami Monday, at 6
A. M., dr.e every Saturday aud Tucadaj
br 8 P. M.
Mail for Salem cUmn every day, a
iadiratt-d by amral of Mt. Airy and ;
lf1iaon mails. I
W. A. Wxuura. P. M.
Salkm Offic doom from 7 o'clock,
A.M., to G o'clocjt P. M.. every week
1ut;ob Sitodaya, open fo- one hoar
from 7 to 8 o'clock A. M., to admit of
the de'ivery of the ma 1 arriving Satur
day niirht.
H. W. Shobk, P. M.
CHrXCHES.
Mrraoutirr E. Cnvhrn, WrxBTox, Her.
P. J. Carr:iariy, paatoi . Service twice a
week. Pie-ieiiiug Sunday morning at
10 o'elork, A. 1L AIho, kl 6 o'clock.
P. M. Pwver meeting every Wedaes
day nipht. The SontUy School meets
every Kubbatb at 2 o'clock.; P. M.
Mktupist P. Caxacg, AVixsros.
Her. R. H. Willa, pastor. Preaching
averr Sauday at 11, A. M.. and 7, P. M.
Suuday School at 1, P. M.
PauaTTEBtAJi Chcswh, WrsaTOif. Rev.
F. IL Johnsen, pastor. Services every
Sabbath morning and evening, by the
sator. Sabbai School meets at 8
o'clock, A. M. Prayer meeting every
Wednesday evening.
Battiht Cnvni-H. Wdtstox, Rev. H.
A- Brown, pwtor. Service every
Sabbath at 10 lt o'clock, A H., and
at 6:30 P. M. Prrr meeting on Wed
rmltr night. Sabbutli School at 2
cok:k. P. M.
EriacorLiK, Wnms.: No Ckareh
but services held in the Male Academy by
Rv. Mr. lljniiua, the last Sabbath in
ach month. Prenching beginning at
10 o'clock, A. M., and at 4, P. M.
Mobatux Chubcm, Sale u Rev. El. !
Itonthrfler iwator. Service evt-ry !
Sabbath. Bell rags at 9:45. A. M., and
aervices commence piomptly at 10, A. M. .
Evt ning, Ull rings at 6:45, P. and 1
arrvice.' comaaence at 7. P. M. Sanday j
lichool inert e' 1 o'clock, p. m. j
Mobaviam Chit bo a (on. ), Sale. Rt
Rev. E. A. DeSchweinett preaches tlie
second and fourth Sabbaths of each
month. Rev. Lewie H"ge, eoL, preached
everv Sunday night.
Mrrnonurr Cncncu (col.), Wisstox,
Rev. L. B. Gibson, jwtor. Preaching
everv Sunday at 11 o'clock, A. at 4.
Bi aud at 7, P. M. Suaday School ,'
at P. M.
aocixncs. i
Wixkto Cairm No. 21 of Royal
Arch Miwona meets in the MASouie Ilall j
tt Wint .n each first and tnird Friday (
night of every month.
1L 1. Bakhsox, uigu t-Ttesc
C. S. Hacsxb. See.
Kamcm Lodob No. 289, A. F.& A. M,.
saet! in the llall over SiddaJTs Store
fir.t Thursday night ta m vary toontk, at j
7i oViock.
C. Fool. W. M. ?
J. E. Bctxbb, See'y. j
Salh Loroa, No. 36 I. O. O. F.,
meet every Tuesday night at 8 o'clock, :
ji the IlaU over SidJll a Store.
J. H. Bacxrz, N. O.
W. A. TValkkb, Secretary.
Wisto3i Lodok No. 167, A. F. A j
i. iL. meets second Saturday night
f each month, and on. Tuesday night
a Snierior Court and en the Aniversa
riek of the Holy St. John.
8. P. Fbabxijt, W. M
i II. Smith, Secretary.
Saum Eacaamcsirr. No. 20 LO. O. F.,
meets ecoad and fourth Fridy of each
nonth. at 6 o'clock, in the Hall over
aivldall's Store.
Dr. V. O. Taonrsoa. C P.
C. A. Fools, Scribe. .
Sautv Lottoa. 1 No. 18 Kutobts or
PxTHiAS, meets Wednesday nights, at 7
o'clock, in the Ball over Siddall'a Store
W.( P. Obmsbt, C C
Jko. IL Shxtltx, K. of R. A S.
WtxatDX Lodob, Na 66 X. 0. G. T.,
meets id Winston every Thursday night,
at 7 "o'clock, over Thorn peon 'a Drug
6re. W. W. Wobxmas, W. V. T.
J. M. Scddes, Secretary.
ornctAi. aoABD wntsTev.
A. R. Oorreu. Mayor.
C. Hamlin, . . . . u . . .Treaaurer. !
Towns CoMauaatoassa - J. A. BitUng,
W. P. Henley, T. J. Brown, a Byer-'
ly. P. W. Daiton, P. A. Wilson, a :
Usmlin.
ScLool Committee J. C Miller,
Ji f Riggs, and Lt. L Hine, .
Street ComaoUtee-J A. Rittiag, P i
A. WBeoa, W. P. Henley.
Chief of Po:ice-W. T. PfoLL
oeiiarjrauta roBarrn cocbtt.
A.E. Coarad, Chairmaa; Tboa-J.
Wdacn ami T.J Vale n Una,
The Board meeta the first MoavUy ia
every month, at the Court Hoase-
-4-
As EL Holton,
xvxTxrsr-eVi
u - TADBUXTILLE, K. C
WILL PRACTICE IK THE Courts
ef Burry. Tadkia, Davie, and
rorsytb. 1 t - - ,
All business ehtruaied to him win to
promptly .attended tew, "'
, . . - II I I I I I I ' I 1 V I I XT . : 'f -a I'.'l I Uki i - -;i 11 I r
I .- JaSV; ' : ' i .--fW
i i -
T
TREATMENT OF THE FARM
mouse
By Alexander Hyde, fa X. Y. Times.
In considering .this subject, it
should be premised that wo do not
consider farmers as 1 "sinners above
all other men" in tho treatment of
their hones. True,- they do not
treat their animals as does the fancy
horseman do not groom them two
or three boors each day, do. riot
wash their feet and put red stock
ings on them, do not eater to their
appetites ami treat them every way
more carefully than .they do their
children; they can't afford to d
this, nor is it worth while, but they
can afford to treat them as sentient
beings with kindness and an intel
ligent consideration of their wants
and welfare. They not only can
afford to do this, bat they can't af
ford to do otherwise.. Mere self
interest ought to compel men to
treat all their animals a tltey would
like to be treated were natures and
places exchanged. When wo abuse
our horse we damage our own pro
perty. This leacis ns to say that much of i
mnst be
cuargeu to mc man rawer man uc
matter. 1 1 has been one of the most
difficult things in our experience to
imnress upon hired n eu the neces
sity of kind treatment of hordes.
rkfwithataniiim. hnn n rvin lina am4 1
UiiAaa an4 MMnAihaa.. I
UU19V9 SIIU OTKJ Cll uuiiwvo
aa m a a a I
nary use ol the wirp or a
'-vank" nnon the bit.
vage 1
" Hut it must be confess '1 that the 1
abuse of farm horse is not confined
to hired nin and bovs. We often
see these animal left out exposed
to all weathers, or housed in filthy,
ill-ventilated stable, poorly ted.
overworked, and. what is most j
otnmon, talked to. twitca-d a'xwt, j
and bandied every way roughly, a
though they were not creatures of
cense aud seasibi 1 ity. Now, if there
is any animal ou the farm that has
brains capable of binr educated,
aud a. heart capable of appreciatiog
and roeif rocating kiitduess, it is the
horse. With hi large brain and
laree heart, be also has strong wilL
and no horsi or horseman i- worth !
rauc'i without such a will. Uightlj
trained, thu reolnte will enables
him to pull through strait k and over
come obstacles, bat the trouble
often is that the untutored will of
tliA linrutman MiMnnuni tha nn I
. omiiwH
trained will of the horse, and then
comes Uo difficult eolation of the
problem, "VThat is the rewe.lt when
an invincible force eneountera an
immovable object?' Tho result in
the case of the immovable (stakey)
horse generally is that he gets an
nnnicrctful thrashing. If auy one
has ever seen any good from such
treatment, he aaw what we have
not. We have known horses whip
ped till their bodies were covered
with wales, and the blood flowed
freely, without budging an inch, and
we hardlv knew which was the up
permost feeling in our hearts in
dignation f tho on governed will of
the man, or admiration for the lotg
rafferrog will of the beast. The
truth is, no fanner or farmer's man
is fit to govern a bor.e aniens he
has first learned to govern hitnaelf.
We are rejoiced to testify to the
great improvement in modern times
in the treatment of the larm norse,
es pecially in the lino of subjecting
his will toman's. Our fathers al
ways spoke of breaking' eolta , and
thought a horse was good for noth
ing till bis will was broken. We are
sorry to have to add that tbey
treated all their animals,; children
included, pretty mneh, ia the saina
style. Spare tho rod, and spoil
the child," was their principle.' t .
Nowadays, we talk about " train
ing " colts, and there is far more
power in training than - in breaking,
who wants a colt with all resolute
will scourged out of him, or a boy
who does not know that he has a
soul ot bis own 7 It requires a
strong will, in both man and beast,
to make much headway in this
rough world, and if we examine the
records of the men and horses that
have made the meet impression oa
the world, we shall findt that the
will 'was the motive power. ' This
LAWMM, o a,M .vwwl aa Srdl
we savsa) avss-o avaaa v v i-vm e
as great results, mnst be guided by
" iir-ii a .1 , 3 5a I
reason. unous iai5 gxuaanoe i may
smash tbiags. may break a horse's
bead even, but 'can't sultte the
earth or the beasts that cultivate it.
To bend tho will is naeb easier,
it wo only know how. titan to break
it. bat the bending, in order to be
permanent, most be accomplished in
earlv life, and the atronirer the will
of the animal the more necessity for
attending to it early. If it is bard
to teach old dogs new tricks, it is
still harder to teach old borse for
tlieir willa are naturallr . atrotenr
We once i Saw a disci pie of liarsy
nudertaking to cure a hoxvn of t he
.... ouen snoservieucy cannot be so
precept upf,i, precept m this C!lred br kicks cuff The horse
direction, wc occasionally hear can onl conq,, bj kiadoeas,
loud an i angry talk to the i .1 thu i. thnmn.rl.1.
J
lOJUt TO'
WINSTON, JJ;.G
m.t Mnt'd. t..t. -lsi
i
WOVM V IUUUj VU UU.IUitU) P
though, be bowed xaocLkiiXia his
gentle) bat firm manipaUtiofxa,'aad
the owner of Uie animal tbonsht the
feat was accQtapIubcd, still the
horse nerer forcot the power there
wax in the. moscTes of bis . head and
neck, and whenever he wished to get
away from a bitching-post he was
prettr sure to hare hia wish.
With all the will which the
horse is atknjwledgd to bare, it
should bo known also thai bo has
great intelligence and can be mould
ed pretty naoxli as we wish to bare
him. In this respect ho differs
from that saoiit obstinate beast, the
hog.. The latter has no brains, and
must be gorerned bj force or fraud.
As the IrUhman pat it : if yoa
want to drive tour ho to Dnbiin
yon most head him toward Cork,
for he i sure to want to eo the
I war you don't want to have him."
Nt so with tiie uoble horav. In
t'ue bunds of a kind ani akillfnl
owner lie can be trained to go
through fire and water at the will
of hi master. At call he will
leave the freedom and feed of his
lv,afuro ftlw, i.r. mrm(i,
for the
severuKt
Du an,j submit to the
labors that may be imposed upon
him; will even lay down till life on
the race-course to gratify the igno
ble ambition of bis driver to be half
second ahead of his competitor.
a .a. a
. .
. . - . .
understood by farmers and all own-
cr9 of horsey Uie better for the man
as well as the horse.
Food is an important item in the
treatment of a horse, and herein
many farmers mistake through cx
ceive economy. The Grecian fool
carried tho lesson of economy to a
4 a a a a . .
nno pouts wnen ue acsirea ro leacn
hi, Uune t live widiout eating, and
comiOained that no aoouer was t)
annual euneatcd up to ibis point
han he died. Bismarck says that
"good food is inspiration and
though the remark has a smack of
German physics or mctaphvsics.
a till there is truth in it as tar as
horses are concerned. As we no
tice the slow, heavy trot of many
farm roadsters we can but think
tliat
they nee 1 the inspiration of
a tew oats. We have even heard
farmers boast that they gasje their
horaes nothing but gran and hay
the ear round. This is good, heal
thy horse diet, but it must be con
fessed that it is a little monoto
nous. If we were a horse and could
talk, as horses did in .Esop's tiaio,
we should beg our master to ring a
few changes on this diet, and give
us occasionally a few apples, car
rots, and oats. Tho farmer wilt
lose nothing by such a variety of
rations, for his horses will feel in
spired to do more work iu lean time.
There is doubtloas such a thing as
feeding too high, and wearing out
the animal michiuery with too ra
pid a circulation of blood. There ;
is a golden mean in thu thing. Tin
food also should be adapted to the
work. It would be Jolly to think
of driving horses 50 miles a day or
of plowing with them day after day
without a liberal allowance of grain,
and for roadster oats will fnrnish
more inspiration than corn. What
ever the nature of their work, an
occasional food of apples or roots
will do them great service.
One of the greatest mistakes we
notice in the treatment of farm
horses is tbe want of eleanKaest and ,
good rentilaiion in th?ir stalls,
Thu excrement of a horse ferment a
very qniekly, and emits volume
of strong ammonia, so strong
that if a man with tt btKhy
beard puts his' head' into the
average farm atablo of a Sunday
morning, he cirri es tto scent of tt
to church, and is an offense to bis
neighbors. Ammonia is; powerful
stuff; it m the essense of emelliog
salts." which are sometimes strong
enouKh to knock a man over, and it
is cruel to compel a horse to breathe
an air contamin ited with it Ammonia,
ia the diluted forts In which, we find
it in torse stab'es, does not, like some
of oar cheap whisky, kill eo. the first
trial, but it engenders diocese, aad tto
wonder la that our tones are not siek
rftener than tbey are, . A Yermoatsr
a m M .as,r a a
01 "UCSIlsa
property,"
by wbijb we suppose bs mesas that
they are liable to disease and death, but
the horse ia bis normal state bee a
strong eoestitaUoa aad ts lori relived.'
It ts only when we aubiet turn to ab-
srarmal conditions that1 to
ticklish property. Give kirn
food at proper tiates,. work iu
PW
bis amount, a comforUble bed-room a
box-stall If poesiWe, . in which . to eon
tore tto freedom ot 11 or 15 feet square
and, above alt, pure sir, and 1 to r wCt
live aad do 1 aerviei for 30 or 40 'years.
Do this for a en ere si lust of
J and tto averaee mm of a bores mav
extended aoaa te equal thai of loaav.
What dispsruten to make, sf fan -awl
1 Jj r:Titb
Hi-
!;: tT
BELIQIOUS BEADING.
THUKSD1A.Y. FEBRUARY 20, 1879.
stores Is a question last pwnles saaaj J
i ZXe eaVt be taraed ' off for ,
for sasMgea. This may
to orthodox ia Fraavsa, but is heterodox
la this coswtry. j To sell an old boras
to a fish peddler after the hraothas ser
ved as faU!afaHy all his active life seems
cruel, as to auy fall Into abusive bands;
set that fish peddlers are cruel, bat
when the toast is oaten sold, we know
not to tow assay or waai kial of own
ers ft may be his lot to fIL To knock
kiss in tto toad may seam to some
store erneL, as ta this ease they know of
his untimely end, but ia the other they
are Igaorant of tto long and liegeriag
death ha may die after long and abu
sive treatmeat. Rich men may to as
sentimental as t'ey 4eaaa ia this mat
ter aad may settle pensions on their
old bones to insure good pasturage aad
kind treatment, baft tto average farmer
eant afford to give way to too much
sea ti meat, aad bis best plan is to dis
poee ot his hirei before thty get eld.
If properly bred and traiaed they will
sell at maturity for good pricee well
trained horses alwsya command good
prices and pay well for tto breeding
aad the training, aad tto farmer gen
erally has a relay of younger torses up
on which to can fall back for nee. The
farm is a good place for horse-training,
if the farmer has a taste that way, mnoh
better than the raee-eourse to develop a
family beast, and it is a great recom
mendation of a torse to a aenaible aaaa
looking for each a beast that it has been
ed nested on a farm. Every man must
dispose of his old horses as am enlight
ened eoosetence may dictate, bat every
farmer knows, or ought to know, that
they are poor property at almost aay
price.
HORRORS OF THE PLAQUE
ITS XrDLKVAb atSTOBV.
Mauv Ameriottts are inclined to re
gard the plague which devastated the
Old World in the foirt-.-u!h. fifteenth,
sixteenth, and sevent -vuth centuries as
an extinct disease; t iia igiae that it
ooold not now prevs.it tu any part of
civilisation, owing to the total abeeuee
of such couditioos a-i pr.xlnejd and fos
tered it. 8iaee they have begun to
real ot its ravajeaia JlBaaia, they have
hardly' thought it to bs tto old pUgae,
but a variation of it with the same
suit; a deadly distemper, though
nothing like eo terrible aa the eneieat
pestilence, and very different in its
symptoms and eouseqneoees. Tbe
plague iu lluesia to-dy is, esmatialTy
if not cx icily, tbe uuaaplagee so borri
blj coaauicuoiM in every history of tbe
Uiddle Agra, a'ad which has never
ceased to exkt ia certain regions of the
East. Since 17J0, when it desUeyed
nearly half the entire population of
Uansillea, Fiance, aad 1779, when it
visited RasaU and PoUnL it baa uutil
the preeeat been almost unknown in
Western Europa. Daring tbe last kan
dred years, it toe been lisaitod mainly
to Egypt, Syria, Aaatolaa, Oreucev and
Turkey, oocuuaally eprvadiag north
ward toward Uaasis aad westward to
ward If ilta.' Ita true and ermaneat
borne aeiTjaa to be in the territory bor
deriag on the east am extremity of the
yediterraama, where the conditioas
and habits of the people foster
atimaUU it, B it tto aasae of
carta have so little knowledge of, aad
so small concern fiar, what is going oa
in t!iai quarter of tLe globe that, never
tbiakiag of the plegae, tbey atarally
prsMume its gbattly engagement eloeed
long sga sud f Merer.
Plague (Lttid, p'utjv Oreok. pity, a
blew or stroke) "aa used by aaaieat wri
ters, ss the word pesue aad msfifasrta.
tto eorrs'pttdMg 3reek terms
were, very . loosely, ts a seam taat
meant nothing ansa than epidemie
fever. UtiH, tto ptarae men I toned by
old sattors was unquestionably
tto fearful medlarral aad eoatempora-
aeoas plague, "as tltoss wiU admit ho-,
raced the terrible scourge of Athens, se
vivklly and horribly-pietureeqaely de-i
scribe ! a the Qistory of the Pelopoa-
aeslan Wat," by Titacydidds hiasaif a 1
sufferer from ita fury
sTarroxe aro otwmsn or tub axJoenos.
Tto aeaaiae ptague is a vefy maUgv
nantkladof contagio at. fever, marked
by buboes, or swellings sf tto lympba-
tie glands, by earbaaoies aad jtoUecXUr
aad without . any eppsreat security
against recurreuej to the suae 'person.
It commonly begins with a feeling of
intense fatigae, slight eJiflHass, mach
awasea, pdlineaa," mental contusion j
aad luSsbar pains. These sjmptous are
speedily followed by , mcreased . disturb
bansot of mind, ,wfti oecatipnsl Bapor
aadalariaan,'by alternate paHor and
floakmgef teeaV aiiSoalou of tto" eye,
matt mwtruwe.vf aaresnsi iwwoiwa ta ar
aboui tke'lMart, d'oarp, darting pains
are experisnaed ie tto gBs ampUs,
and ether pat ts of ih bdyi Isooa; sne1.
esedad by enlemenVof the" lympbav
tie gbmds, a btch oeenra sometisaca tto
first or SBSoad day, asUaxes net ata
near tW close bf the VPssasaV f and5 at
be! ethers'
i'notat:v and also the .forma
f carbaaclcs.ia xarjous places.
i tio'n 01
oclcs.ia rarjous places. 1 panied try Oecomppsttjow o rat orgaaie i fag. aaU. t superstition, iaad asasstias 1 tram dee .y arul iM alimentary value uu-x.wdvJciees,-.thsJttfVaTie'i
fcifw-esimj ria Is of, Turns, , bodies fj w'a tod tried to stay : ile':pe.4renee Impa'is-sb v i - ' j 1 - : 1 " '
.. 4...- ..j.T...i m j ... . ...t... a . .: . .. , A.- ....! 't "! -i:-n : --t- ' .:..
) tla tlhtetaper
ill i . . i i ' T ft . ftftfts't:
I ' r:"- 1 I." ' :; : ; i.
M.J 1(''I f' i . , ." , . .
. inn . , . . . 1 1 i. ...
grows dry and brown. whUe the gums.
teeth, aad lips are eovered witis a dark
fur; tto bowels, at first constipated.
relax, and tto evacuations are dasky.
S oiSeaaive and sanguineous. , Tto patient
loses mach power of will over bis mus
cles, and presents the appearance of
intoxication. . He is more or less faint
tbrougboat tto attack, and usually , tto
sseand or third day, pteokim (purple
), livid patches, like bruises, and i
AmjL mmim I 10mm XmfU1. a. .1 - 1
aaawat wmmf-mm ywmetwm aip aaawav wmw I
sua--especially-, la severs - cases ta
consequence ef extravasation of. blood.
aad are often, accompanied with
rtogJo olsctorges from tto
saembrancs. Iu fatal eases, the pulse
gradually sink; tto sufferer's body
grows cold and clammy; blood flows
from tto mucous membranes; either
coma or low delirium sets in. and death
takes place either without a struggle
or preceded by convulsions.
IT period of incubsUon in plague
would seem in no ease to extend be
you.l eight days. ' Sometimes tto local
symptoms first show themselves, aad
the fever that follows is comparatively
mild. At other times the disorder is
rapid and violent, and causes death
uiihoat the appearance of buboes or
carbuncles. Between these extremes,
tending to the mild or virulent form,
tto disease presents every phase of va
riety. In mikl esses, small red spot,
resembling flfe-bites, are seen, especial
ly on parts where the tiody is exposed
to the air, gradually enlarge, get duAy,
aad are eovered by vesicles filled with a )
darkbued fiaid. The base of the rpots '
ia hard; grows black, forming a gaa-!
grenooa eschar an inch or an inch and !
a half ia diameter, and derelopiag iat
earbuoclea. This process is attended i
alth more or leas fever, which snlaides
graduslly as the eachar isy dot urheJ.
Often consequent upn the earbbucles,
tbe buboes form in the groloa or arm
pita; oecaaiotaally go away without aup
puration, though generally after fann
ing pus aometimes healthy, sometimes
thin and aaaious. Buboes are general
ly attended with higher fever and
greater depression of vital force, severe
ledacbe, great restlessness nnd verti
go. At the commencement of malic -
nant epidemics patients have died wit a- '
i nt 1 l.a it I. 1
ta a iiwwra, vat gvocrauy it coaunuea
from one to two wjeka; the sverage da
ration is six to eight days, and wbn
convalescence takes place, it ie apt to
be eiow and teliooe. When the dieese
is virulent, tto majority of persons
attacked by it die withiu a week.
tub rmsT ArrxABAxcB or rax rutacs.
Aa here described, in later times the
pla.ae first appeared dariag tbe four
teenth eentary, when it acta ally deso
lated the wdtld. One of tbe names it
then tore was tto Black Death, from
j tto black spots deaotiitg putrid deoom-
poMtAoa which, at one ot its stages,
atarked the auffarer. The aceuauU then
furnished era iacompSeie and inexact,
aa they arrises rily woald Im at each an
epoch of semi civiliaation; but they are ,
snffleieat to stow a state of horror and
aguay turd to exoeeiL Tto course and
symptoms of tbe drcadlal malady varied
at dinVrrat timva aad ia diuereat eooa
tries, and greatly changed toward the
dose (1318-4)1 of its ravages ia Europe,
Aasoag tto eottcosaitaats of the pesti
leaee were noticed palsy of the toagwe,
which became black, as if abased with
blood; patrid iaflammation ot tto luaga;
fetid, pestifcroae breath, and expectora
tion of blood. When it spread to
Europe, fever, evacuation ot blood, and
puluson-iiry earbeneles proved mortal
before other symptoms bad been de
clared. Ia well nigh all instances death
easaed ia two or tbrse days aft attack.
Spots and tnmoca were tto . seals of
doom which skill tod no power to avert,
aad many sufferers, anticipated by
suicide. 1 " ' '
Tto rise and progress bf ' tto plague
ia tto fosnrtsamth asstary tore not bees.
clearly or eofisistraUy related; but
ther seems to be no doubt that ik
orjglnatedi in China, Therje ia also
eoneurreitt testimony that the 00 -opera-,
ting carina exitted and" acted in Europe
at least ' 15 years before' any outbreak.
aad are tto be soaght as far' back aa
1333, -in awriea' ef mighty eonvulaions
of net are which eontinnsd for 20 . years
to affect aud derange the normal eoadi
tton of snintaT aad vegetable life. Tbe
precise aate 01 ine Degtaniag 01 tbe
pbigue in Cbruils unknown; but' from
1333 to 1319 thai oauy aaffdred fear
fully from droughts, famine, fljnda,
swarms; of 4 locusts, a and ;ssualUe
thai overthrew cities and Uvelti ua-
tatna, ana; these catAstroadiea were lol
hwed brto " scourge. At' ttoaaine
time tto order of thingv 'emed to to
rs versed to Curepe.' TtosderesoTms
eeawmd isv ntidwintes, ica formed in
summer, JUrrnadoes swept regioas that
h never felt ttous before; volcaaoea
long ibougut -axiia'a blaaavl with f ury
and water epouts rose la- placid a?ais. 1 ' :
tThmortIltyJ Va. ' WdeouV'la ine
East and t West, aul !t is UuWd that
tto great acUrlry ef tto globe.
wXai huiuj t HH aDcma
r I . I
CM
no; a
brutes aad men, produced some change
ia tto atmosphere hostile to life. It is
said that In tto progress of tto plagwe
westwsrd, the impure and poisoned sir
was traceable as itTaoved on, ladea with
pestilence and death. A writer of tto
time remarks : A dense, swful fog
seen in tto heavens, rising in tto
descendi as; opon Italy.
The inbabitaats of Europe are also
thought to have been prsrilapnaari to j
At a .1 .4t t
w fmw faaaj uvw wu, wiu WU;
from tto then inadequate modes of
living. Tto theory is very phmaible
that it sprang directly from atneatoris
poison, sctimg ew the respiTaiOTyorgsna,
which were tto first to to attacked.
Still, while impure air and defective
physical conditions may have fed tto
pestilence largely, it doubtless owed its
extension almost entirely to Infection
aad contagion. It seams that it tod
appeared in Europe ia milder form in
1343; but it tod come to
there is little reason to told, as has
been held, that it had ia tto interval
remained latent antfl new ceases tod
re quickened it aix years later. Tto
wvaaioa of 1348 assy to distinctly
tracked ia its advance from China along
tto caravan routes toward tto West.
Tto northern coast of tto Black Sea
sent the plague by contagion to Con.
i atantinople; ttonce in tto same way it
! reached the ports of Italy, aad wae
1 so diffused throughout tto romaimh r
I of Earope. Ita progress may be followed
through Oermany and France to Eng-
land, whence it was trtcsmitted to
Swedea. Three years elapsed from its
"wearaoce iu Constantinople until it
cr-pt by a great circls to the Bnssi m '
tcnitones; aad the fact of it contagious
communication has started the specula-
tton whether by rigid quarantine it
might not have been excluded alto
gether from Europe. 8oea rules tore
now long been enforced at many points
to prevent introduction into the Weet
of tto plaguea of tbe Orient, but tbey
have been sufficient iu tbe present
instance to keep it oat of Russia.
1 ArraxxTxa hobbobs.
j The mortality, though no proper ea
lifuate can be tuade in the absence of
.M-rifiint
' '
stauauca, was prodigious snpremelv
la China alone 13,000,000
persons sre aaserted to tore died, sad
; in other parts of the East nearly 34,000,
000 mere. Ia Earope detail were
t wao wk. u wFwnm aoni
i periaUed, and in 13 Continental cities
sbout 900.000, Oermany lost, it ia cal
culated. 1,241.431, and Italy one-half ol
her whole population. It ia within
bounds to say tLot in all Europe not
less than X,000,000 people were alaiu
by tto seo arge. Africa suffered terribly
likewise, nJ it bel:eved that tbe
lobe was deprived that eentary of tally
from 70.000.0o0 to 73.000,000 hnman
be'ngs from rtvagoe of tbe piaue. Tto
mere facta are appalling to the imagina
tion; th M-iwe of saaVrisg are acaxoely
credible. Death was every wbe re; it
eremed to have usuiped the place of
life. All animal life was menaced;
birds, beasts, men, women, sad children
hosts of members of every nationality,
savagea, aeboUr, peaeeata, private.
prisma, kiags, of every croed. clime,
and race, were swept from th ttcm of
earth. Rivera were esmsa create-J to re
ceive corpses f er which aooe dared to
perform the rites ot burial; bodies were
cast by thooaanda into huge pits dog
lor im parpoae. Heath atalkea over
ess aa well aa over Ltttd. Tbe entire
crews of vessels were killed by tto
poteoa-breath tbst infested tbe globe.
Ships freighted with putrifymg bodies
drifted aimleaaly and hideously u ttis
Uediterranean, Black, and North ties
not a human creature alive anywhere
and spread contagion oa tto shores
whither tbe winds or tides bad driven
ttosa. Hops, peace, content, law,
order, anVettoa, naturalness, baassnity
seemed never te have been. Ancient
customs and tto seed of com pan ions hip
were for tto tiate obtttes-aitd; all was
death, agony, aad despair, and by these
tbe infected world appeared to be ex
clusively and shadderingly possessed.
Tto moral effort of the pbigue were
not less dreadful than its physical de-
s ruction. Thousands perished -from
fear, which dissolved among the living
all ties of kindred ' and bonds of fellow,
ship, all kinds of sympathy. Children
fled . from their poiluted patents;
mothers deserted their belpirss infants;
husbands snd lovers left their wives
sad mtoiesees to die bowling and alone.
Terror generated SBpcrstiliou; tto vir
tuous aad vicbaas alike mads distracting
snd distracted appeals 'toe Ood who.
ttoy laiagined. tod -sent the pestilence j
ts 'punuh tbem, for .manifold sins.
Cim wds rushed to ssicriSoB their worldly
goods to tto Church; fa aaricism swelled
on'' every ' baud;1 women screamed, to
heaven . for merry; ' men tore put their
hair and scourged ttotaselvea a jtil tbey
fainted frees loss lot : blood," that tbev
might' propitiate a Deity bbm they
j sctuyfbeieved."' CAlurennad,:
a av t.t? . f ua aia, ,ar-
a Tito world was , mad WUb fright, sCTer-
Olie.f.Onnlilifno.
TKHK3:
Om copy, one year. LtJ
Mfl:r :sixmomhaW4......U. .80
threasaoctha, 9
Sobasriptioa jnvariabry in advancsv
9Y ADYEUTKITfO . :
laqaara, one iaeerUoa,..C..lr.'f LOO
eolama sis moatha, ...... 18.00
' ' Uo . twelve Bon&s,,...., SX0O
M oolaaa, U monUa, , ...., 85.00
1 do :t twelve) saonthy C5.C0
1 cWasui.siimoatba, tl.00
Jo twelve montha,.'.."... 80.00
Coart advertiaementa aix weeks, . . 8J0O
. Special notices and advextiaenM&te U
local cohunn 10 casta a Una.
with prayer, declared thai God was
dead aad ton tod begun on earth.
Ttobarrecsof tto time were further
heightened by. ernel peraecnOons
against tto Jews, who tod beam seeaeee!
of poisoning tto peddle wells, this bsisg
in popsUar belief tto eaase wf tto
pestilence. Tto people rose ia tmad
fary te extermiaata tto aniortaaate
Hebrew race, aad slaaghtered ttoss by
tnt ,Km-f'T ' Ta tVr titrvrt4r?M'
mf. m m a
JJ OI jaBIB (SWSBBBy
15,000 fell victims U tto public wrath.
Tbey were killed with steel and clnb;
toaged, drowned, burned, aad often
torbaronsly pat to death by "every kind
of fortare. Ia nambsilsas iaitsncn
they took their own lives In masses to
avoid ernel ties of tto mob, and ia assay
communities every man. woman, aad
child was ascrineedto inswnaate rage.
To aggravate tto scourge, the penis
about poison eaaead tto weEa to be
ead, andidoaed. The people were si raid to toaeh
water, aad those who saeaped tto plague
perished of thirst and terror. Society,
rude at best ia that day, was totally
diaorgaaiaed, aad such mesas as might
have been adopted to prevent or miti
gats tto stupendous evil ware either
neglected or un thought of ia tto de
rangement and frrnxy that possessed
everybody, from tto highest to tto low
est. Tto influence of the plague and
ita desolation were so overwhelming
that it frequently destroyed all honesty
and principle among its survivors.
Many were rendered caUooa, and many
took advantage of tto universal horror
to indulge their worst passions,
plunder, murder, and perpetrate tto
moat revolting crim
ccaa rati
Ia regard tc trvwUncet, little can to
done to arrest tto . progress of tto
disease ia aay individual ease.
General treatmeat sppeaa to be
werj-aigb valueless, tot mneh may to
aecompliktod by gaarding against at
tacks of the scourge. Tbcro can to
little doubt that Europeans, and Ameri
cana particularly, owe mach of their
comparative exemption from the pesti
lenee in infected cities of tto Levant to
their personal rleaalineaa, regular bath
ing ia cold water, saperior ventilation,
and moderate habits of living.
The plague ia Baasia this year k-ts
come, as before, from Tnrkey, but the
Rnseisn aatboritiee seem at present
most active and energetic ta meaawres
to prevent ita spread. StiH, eo drvedf ul
ia tto peat, so incoste ivabls are ita
horrors to thoae who have nut wilamed
them, that it ie not sttangs Aaatris.
Oermany, aud other counti ies of Europe
should be alarmed. While it is ualikely
to make much advance toward the
West, too great caution cannot be ex
ercised; and, whatever may happen, we
have tto comfort of knowing that ia
the latter half of iLm niuctoeuth century
tbe best part of Eumpe and America is
free from peril of panic sud Bapcrsti-
tios), end cab meet any danger, ami
death in any fcrsa, with calmness aad
I reason, science snd philosophy,
j e 0
A Plxa fob Oath kal, To my Beth-
ing of experience. Leibig, tto great
eWmatt, and gjswUat anthority ew i
sabiecta, show oatmeal to to
of experiments carried oa for s series of
uatritious aa the very beat English
beef, and that it contains a greater
proportion ef tto elements ahich ge
to form bone end bbusvIo I ha a wbeateu
bread. This was proved by a coarse
years by Forbes, aa emiaent philoso
pher and the discover of the glaoier the-.
ory, at tto Uae Professor of Natural
Philosophy in tto Edinburgh Univer
sity, aad afterward Principal of tto Uni
versity of Hi. Andrew. For twenty
years or eo to meesared tto breadth
and height, and also tasted tto strength
both of tto arms and loins, of his In
dents, a very numerous class, conaiatiog
of different nationalities, drawn so
Elinburgh by hia fame. These were,
tto results: Ia respect of height,,
breadth ot ebest aad shosddera, aad
strength both of the arms and loins.
the bottom of ths scald was occtroied bv
Bdgisns; abovs them, aad but a little
higher, stood tto French; very macs,
above them stood tto English; while the
top of the scale wm occupied by tto
Scotch aad tto Scotch-Irish from Ulster,
who, like tto native bf Scotland, are fed
la ttoireaily years with at least one
nseal a day of good amilk and good por-.
ridge. Dr. UmtkrU.
Tto question as to the best method
of ;iw eacrviag meat for food is a very '
impDitant ota, both from aa isnlswtrial
ai d aaaitarv noiat of view. Soma tins
1 ago borax wae represented to be aa ex-1
cettetit.. preservative - when aisat i
ateeped ia a solution of it, or when it ia
powdered aad spoaklederer tto ssea. '
Borax does prvaut decay srhesi so-applied
to aniasal food;daat JuL.O. LeBoa
Lssists that when the food is eatca, aad
tto thorax lakea. as it mast to, in small
Bweccssive doses, ptdaoaona.- resntts
ensue, kloreover, to saaiataias that all
saline - substaaors iwhstever should be-'
dtfcontiaued ia pi even ing food, be-,
eaase ttoy Lrprive It of its nutritions
psopexttea, aaxt be advocate tbe svr
cold alone ia kerpir prristoble food