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4
BALl&niSU, Tft).Vi tVJtfU&T M, 1820.
VoA. Immh..o. 12.
.:,.J?,lI?TlCu'!fi? ft .pubHi&cd xrcry Tucs.
day, at THREE DOLLARS per wwuin, payables the
cadcf fix month. ' t - ,
C3No paper will be (Kaconflntied until til irYearagcs
-arc paid, unless at the dtacrtuon of tie editor, . , - ,
Whoever mill become responsible for the paymcaty
hint papers, shall receive a tenth ghdt. .
AoTiaTut xtjiT wtu be inserted on tLe customary
No advertisement Inserted uifui ft ha been pali for,
or Iti i jymctit iiaimcd by soae penwn In tlui town," or
Iti Vicinity. ,
td"A.n letters to the editor moat be put-paid, or they
ir'Jl not be sttendadto. .
Columbia ton, tjtnrn ml iU rugged toll
Your nutitn't ghrjf it a tultured 19II.
JltmJi CLidnnatur, illitntritui Wrf A,
terrain lut lanreli wfule he tiBrd the earth t
ITen VJdwi't Mmarth lay t!m iceptte duvrn
A r deem the tatk wiwurtky of the crown .
Extract from an Address to the Maryland Agricultural
w86clctj i allhe' BcmTinnuaT meeting in June,' 1820," by
. tho President, R. Skits, Eq.
The address which I had the honor of submit
" ting to the society at our last meeting, inculcated
. ihe expediency of a systematic rotation of crops.
Jt, at the same time, stated that no system would
suit universally ; but that every one ought to
..form one for himself, according to the soil, the
. size and the character of his farm.
. In this selection of the proper course, it, among
ether things, ought to he kept in view,
1st. That grain crops ought not to succeed
each other ; but that there ought to be an alter
nate succession of grain and green crops.
. . 2d. That a long course of rotation is more fa
1 vorable to the soil than a short one, i. e. that a
:fire year! rotation is better, as to the soil," than a
three or four year's system, and that a six or seven
year rotation is preferable to either.
Every plant finds in the soil its appropriate
. food. If, therefore, such plant be cultivated, for
a series of years, in the same field, its peculiar
ijutriment wiil, eventually,, be exhausted, and, of
course, the plant will, in such case,. perish with
hunger. Hence results the necessity of some
'.change irt crops. Of this no practical farmer
entertains a doubt. The only question then is,
vhat ought, to be this change ? or, in technical
. . JUnguagc,. what ought to be the rotation of crops ?
' The ingredients of the soil, which constitute
the nourishment all farinaceous crops, arc
... homogeneous ; and consequently wheat, follow
Jng Indian corn, can have but a diminished por
stion of pabulous matter necessary to its perfect
vegetation. The same principle is applicable to
leguminous -to esculent roots and other green
- crops.-:, And this principle ought to have a pow
erful indaence in the selection of whatever sys-
tern orrotatlon, may be adopted. 1
The earth, bj a certain process in nature, has
- provicemiauy me lacuuy 01 regaining inosc nu
tritive ingredients, which it may have parted with
.ia the production of a crop. This, however,
oesnot take place-immediatclyltrequiies
time. To afford, then,"-tbe" requisite time "for
fetich renovation, and to allow the field, in the in
terim, not to rest but in some green crop, ought
to be the primary object; io every system of ro
tation. With this view,' the protracted course of
jJU?ttiQtfc and the aitetnkte succesiof grattiand
reen crops mayr to a transienrobscf y
upon good land, to have been, year after' year,
. abundant ahdin quality good but tfpoh a more
oacurjrte examination and comparisons they would
... pro5re jto beby
iilmiouliccl in quantity and degenerated in quality.
1 have known a square in a gardeni' which had
prouitcd cabbages for a series of 'y$ars, without
e btcrvCTtion of uny pthcr crop, so that, in the
end, it became incapable, even with the . aid of
inamire. of prodttcipg cabbages. fit foruse.-. And.
corn and wheat, bf all whose -course of rotation
hat not been sufficiently diversified, and at the
same time so short, as net to allow to the soil the
time liecessary for its regeneration. ,
-Instead of wheat immediately following Indian
corn, as it our general practice, it Is worthy of
considcratlonTwhciber IhefcughrrioHd oeiii
interrnediate crop .oCSw.bbTjrjlpsJtangt;
VurtEel tnd Potatoes. Besides, the Immediate
relief thereby afforded to the soil, these valuable
articles of food would enable the firmer to fatten
an additional number of cattle, hogs and sheep,
for sale, and of cowi for the dairy. And these
stocks, over and above the profits of their sale
and products of the dairy, would furnish a vast
accumulation of manure. Such an accession of
manure would necessarily contribute to the aug
mentation of the succeeding crop, and to the per
manent improvement of the farm.
From the increased quantity of manure, pro
curable under the system of alternate white and
green crops, It may be assumed as a fact, that the
farm would, in the course of a few years, yield
at least twice as much per acre as it now docs
under the present impoverishing practice. In
that event, instead of the thirty acres, per exam
pie, in 'cornrartd thirty in" wheat," there would
need oe but fifteen acres each. And as then two
fields of fifteen acres each, would yield as much
as the two fields of thirty acres each now doi the
corn and wheat crops would, of course, be not at
all diminished, while the expense of their culti
vation would be reduced just in the proportion of
1 5 to 30. And this difference of expense would
form no inconsiderable part of the profits of the
corn and of the wheat. But this is not all. - The
great and essential advantage to be gained is,
that the remaining thirty acres would, under this
system, be in green crops, for the food of an ad
ditional number of cattle and other stocks. And
it will not escape observation, that all the profits
and advantages immediate and remote, aiisin
from the tale of 'these cattle, hogs and sheep,
from the cows of the dairy, and from the great
accession of manure, cannot be considered but a
clear gain, resulting exclusively from the propo
scd green crops, and attended, moreover, with no
diminution whatever ofUhc products of grain.
yet this same square yielded the follow iqg year
a good crop of peas and beans!. In the language
ot' the gardener, it hadbecome tired of cabbages,
tettt in the' language of truth, , the peculiar alt
,.' renof Jhat vegetable. Iiadjbecn cxhausted-r:
7 imllAtconipUmts arefmade, a's'todavjCijJbK
Sne of W faimcn, andj touy be made,1, as to
totPORTWT COMMERCIAL DECISION
There has been some diversity in the practice
of the bank's, and the decisions of the courts, with
respect to the payment of the halves of bank
notes that have been cut in two. A case of this
kind was laiely decided in Charleston, S. Caroli
na, which we think sjhould settle the question -
Notes on a bank in that city were cut, and the
halves inclosed in dificrcnl letters to Philadel
nhia. The mail contain'm:; one of the letters
was robbed, and the letter taken from it. The
halves which arrived safe were afterwards pre
scntcd at the bank, and payment of the whole
amount demanded: the bank refused to pay
more than half. A suit was then brought for
the 'V hole amount, and upon a special verdict set
ting for the alwve facts, judgment for the whole
amount was ctven for the plaintiff, i he opinion
of the court was founded on the principle, that
the negotiability of the notes was destroyed by
their being cut, and consequently that the holder
of a half could recover only by proving that he
was the proprietor of the whole at the time it
was cut. 1 he plaintiff in this case having pro
vttbatrre-war the Wnerof "the-noteswhen cutr
showed, on this principle, that he was entitled to
recover the whole amount, and that no other
person could be entitled to any part. The rca
soning of the court appears to be satisfactory and
conclusive. If a bond be1 bst, the owner may
recover the debt, by proving the contents of the
instrument and its loss. If an instrument, as a
promissory note,, negotiable py endorsement, be
lost without being endorsed, th owner may re
cover on province the fact i for, ai a case of a
bond, it U impossible for another person to be-.
come me tcgat owner, ant: ouiigc tne oeoior .10
Jpay it over again. But If an cnrsed
an instrament'negotiabie. "by deUvery- wy as a
bank note, be lost, the loser cannot recover bf
proving the fact ; for the person who may be in
possession has the better evidence of the debt,
and is legally entitled to recover. But if the
batik note be cut in two, its negotiability ; there
fore destroy ed ; the delivery of it to another er
'wn.or aUeasi,tjiodciivery ofone uaif.'gnfes him
'no right Jo the debt ; no property h passed to
him by such delivery ; the half is no evKlence ot
any thing bein due to him ; to leftover, he ptust
prove that he owned the whole note;athe time
it was served, and has lost the other half. The
pliintiTlin thisTjra proved, that he had been the
toWery of the mail t he showed, thertforevlhat
he was the rightful owner, of. the cbim on the
fwnk, anij that no other person could produce
leAl and stronger evidence, whir li would 'sub
ject the bank to a second payment. The general
principle teemt tq he, that when a plaintiff romcs
intflLt court of justice to feiover a debt, 'which
wat tccured "ijyan instnimenf of-writingr and
does not produce the writing, if he can Drove that
It has been destroyedrorTnwifajed, ror lxiinglont.
that it was not negotiator not endorsed, so that
it cannot be produced as e vidence of the debt in
favor or another person, he will recover; but if
from this evidence, It appears that the instrument
may possibly be in the hands of another person,
and be legal evidence in his favor, the plaintiff
will not recover ; for it will then appear, from
his own showing, that some other person may
possibly.have legal and higher evidence of the
debt being due to him. Two judges of the su
preme court of the United States have heretofore
decided this question in the same way it .may,
therefore, be considered as the law or the land,
that the owner of a bank note when cut in two,
on producing one half, and proving that the other
has been , lost, will be entitled to 'retover the
whole amount. But if, upon the presentation of
a half note, the bank should pay half the amount.
or the whole of it without suit, it will be at her
own risk ; for she might afterwards be compelled
to pay the whole amount to the original bona
fide owner of the note. Lit. Cadet.
He r omes, the herald of a noisy worKU
New from all nations lumb'ring at his back.
IITE FROM ' EXGIlXt).
KEW-TOBIt, AVC.UST 8.
Last evening the fast sailing packet ship James
Montoe, captain Rogers, arrived at this port, in
37 days from Liverpool. By this arrival tho.ed
itors of the Commercial Advertiser have re
ceived, from their attentive correspondents, let
ters and papers from London to the 28th of June ;
Liverpool papers to the 1st of July ; Lloyds' and
the London Shipping Lists to the 27th, and Liv
erpool prices current to the latter date.
The affairs of the Queen still occupied the at
tention of the public, both .houses of parliament,
and the prtneipal officers of KovcromeW. The
London- papers are filled with the debates of both
branches of parliament, upon the measures which
have been adopted, and upon those in contem
plation. Vc have endeavored to select and ar-
"'range "such articles frorn the rpapets'MdlblLtracts
from the proceedings of parliament, as will give
our readers, at one view, the actual state of af
fairs at the last advices.
It will be seen that, upon the resolution of Mr.
Wilbcrforcc, the house of commons, by an ex
traordinary majority of S91 to 124, has expressed
its opinion that the Queen ought to have accept
ed the terms proposed to her by the ministers.
The Queen, however, is of a different opinion,
and she has decided to brave the investigation.
It is said that her attorney general, Mr. Broug
ham, was opposed to her taking this course.. But
his opinion was overruled by her majesty's two
other advisers, Alderman Wood, and Mr. Den-
man. The Queen has looked to the house of
commons as her friends and champions; but as
she has - rejected the amicable course proposed
by such an overwhelming majority of that body,
it is questionable whether she has not injured
her cuusc in their estimation. The editor of the
(J u;trdian remarks : "The house of commons,
never since the days of Elisabeth, had conde
scended to go so fir towards conciliating an in
dividual; and never, since the restoration, has it
received from a royal person so marked and so'
decided ah affront." JJut we have not room for
remarks, and must refer the reader to the co
pious extracts which fbllow.
. . The London MorningXhronicle of the,2 6th,
begs leave to say, that if, contrary to our expec
tations and hopes, the green bag should be open
ed, and the course of crimination be pursued, we
shall be careful thatfio details injurious to deco
rum shall stain thV columns of, this paper. No
parent shall have reason tb dread the approach of
The Morning Chronicle to the breakfast fable ; Tor
it Is not our practice, for the purpose of scl ling
a few. additional sheets, to cater for the appetite'
of the imtnoral, or to catch- at a little transient
popularity, by falling in with every gust of pas
sion that blows." h ? --4
We have but littlcaddUiorial news from,, the
continent by this arrival. Indeed, it would seem
that nothing short of an actual revolution, or a
terrible rebellion in 1 sorn
would divert the attention of the British editors
from their own formidable troubles. The capi
tal of France
it will be seen by extracts from French papers,
which follow, that disturbances; have arisen in
several other departments of the kingdonr.
o ner of t?- ?ulc tte, podined one hdf of it, l .. ,-,rt. .. v,',n-i,.r ,..-; i:JfWv.r:
aiicl proved that the oilier half was koti by thai Mr". WUberiorce addressed the h'Mise at great
length xm thrio1jtct of thr dlfietmees bet wttn 1
their majesties, lie was pleased to tee that the
recent conferences, though they had not Jed to
the desirable result, had been carried on without
any angry feeling on cither side i And he still ho
ped that, by the intcrpositioh.of parliament, the
necessity of entering into an iriqulryrihe inju
rious consequences jof which to the Interests of
morality am) religion, no man rquld calculate,'
migh7tt be averted.?: Ills first Idea had Iwen foT
propose an address- to both pwrtUsy suggesting
the submission of their differenres to arblirjition.
To this course, however, many difficulties occur
red, and he therefore thought of an address to the)
Queen. The delay of bringing It forward had
been occasioned by hit yesterday receiving
message from the Queen, requiring that he
should very gravely reconsider all the modes of
proceeding to be adopted.' and the objects which
he had in view. He had done so; and he could
find no better expedient for bringing the un
happy differences between the illustrious par
itles to some arrangement, than that which ha '
was now about to propose. One great difficulty
which related to the recognition of her majesty
as Queen, should she fix her residence abroad,
bad been got rd of by a concession on the part
of the crown, that she should be introduced at
some one court, if she waved her right to an in
troduction aV foreign courts generally. The
best difficulty, which related to the restoration
of her name in the liturgy, was one to which he
should think much important had not; been oH- "
ginatly attached, as it tfas not urged until a lata
period of the discussions. In a religious point
of viewrfther majesty could not be said to be omit
ted ; for no one could hear the prayer for all the
royal family without thinking that il included the
Queen. He did not mean, however, to say that
this was so respectful toward her majesty as the
direct mention of her name ; nor did he blamo
the conduct of her legal advisers in urging the
restoration of her name. But he thought, that if
other matters could be arranged, this was one of
the non-essential points, as to which her majesty
might, without the slightest prejudice to her
character, be inclined to sacrifice her feelings to
the wishes of parliament, and the general inter
csts of the country. What recognition of her
lights, what vindication of her character, could
be more effectual than an assurance from parlia
ment, that, if she conceded this point, it shoidd
not be construed into any surrender of her rights,
any abandonment of her grounds of defence,
any. imputation upon her character? In foreien
countries, a parliamentary declaration of this na
ture would have much greater Weight than the"
circumstance of re-inserting her name in the 'it
urgy, which might be little known abroad, and
which warMnappHcabte "to-hcr fcasc, Teven inScot.
land. This proceeding, cotipled with the intre
pid conduct which her majesty had shown, Would
sufficiently stand her instead of the minor points
which she mi ,ht give up. If, indeed, instead 0
boldly meeting, and even courting investigation,
she had withdrawn or shrunk from it, the caso
would have been different ; but as no man Could
dream of charging the Duke of Wellington, after
all his services, of cowardice, so no man, after
the line of conduct the Queen had pursued, would
for a moment think of accusing her of hesitation
or fear in daring theminutest inquiries. (Cheers.)
After the defence and respect she had already
expressed for the opinion of parliament, no can
did mind could put an interpretation but the best
upon her compliance. On the contrary, her
majesty, in his view, would only, still more en
dear herself to the country by suppressing her
own feelings, and yielding la the anxious and
earnest wishes of the house of commons. After
again impressively urging on the attention of the
house the latally injurious effects to the morals
of the country, and to the dignity of the crown,
which must arise from the crimination and re
crimination which would follow upon the open-
tontiigcnigrtr. W. mctadgcrwmr""
moving the' following resolutions:
Resolved, That this house has learned, with
unfeigned and deep regretrthat the Jate endeav
ors to'frame an arrangement which might avort
the necessity of a public inquiry into the infor
mation hid before the two nouses of parliament,
have not led to that amicable adjustment of the
existing differences a 11 the royal family which
was so anxiously desired by parliament and tha
nation. .' " '
That this house, fully sensible of the objec .
tions which the Queen :mightjustlf feel to taking
upon herself the relinquishment of any points in'
which she might have 'conceived her own dig
nity arid honor to be involved, yet feeling the in
estimable Importance of an amicable -and final
adjustment of the present unhappy differences,
cannot forbear declaring its opinion, that whert
liuclr laTge made toward
that object, her majesty, by yield jng to t?ic earn-
est -solicitude of the boose of jcommo
bearing to press further the adoption of those
propositions 011 wnicn any immaterial utuerenco
of opinion yet -remains would by no means bo .
understood to indicate any wish to shrink"! front
inquimbut jnould only Je deemed to afford
rene wearproof . of Ihc'desire 'which, mi jnijesf y ' J,"i
his bccTv gruc'louily jjlettsed" teVJ" xpressi to sub ! '
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