and
THK .MOU\T \.1NS OF NORTH CAROLINA.) cuuilerence at four feet from its base. Here also
wVmuke the follo^ving extract from a late ar- j the llalesia tetraptera attains at, m,eon.i..on
tide by Professor Buctley, publisheJ in 8illi-
uiaii’a Journ&l. The Vrot’essor made several sur-
vovs ol the highest peaks of the mountains, the
ri'sults of which he comiuunieates—(they are in
the main’ familiar to our readers)—and then adds
the following particulars, which will be intere:t-
ing, in view ot the interest awakened, and increas-
in*r, in the mountain scenery ot our State:
rhe months of September and October were
uncomniouly dry which enabled | peculiarlv intorostin.ir
>y the entire time, ; i. „ - . . i-
the
exploring nearly the entire time.
yreat, and the difficulties to be eneouutered cun , trom
only be imagined by those wlio | it will burn like a candle if a wick
the steeps ot the uufre|uented .^outnern . ,inwn :
ghanies, through laurel thickets (Rhododendrons j ' t dra«n
and Kalmia,) and multitudes ot the prickly locust i •
• . • - > chant tor ■
(Robinia hispida.) which has a penc...^
scratching the face and hands, tearing the clo.hes.
and occasionally the skin beneath.
the
its straggling branche;
We found
Viburnum’lantanoides or hobble-bush with
troublesome on the
its straggling branches, verv . | whi.-h had destroyed nearly all of the
S.„okT Mountain,. ! J," Monee it ha, alroaJv bt'con.e rare,
have >l‘« ■-'-''r.l j a,:.l the .cneral .voupan.-y ..f the .'..onntain, wit),
We encamped eleven nights on their tops; and I
saw that the stars were bright?r, and the i)lancts i
apparently larger than when seen from tlie val* j
leys below. Then also the wonderful comet (Do- |
nati’s) made the northwest luminous with its,,
briirht head and mysterious tail, soon aiter the j
setting sun. • i, i
The scenery of these mountains, especially those j
in those in tlie Smoky Range, abounds in i»reei-;
pices and deep chasms, surpassing an> thing wt ,
remember to have seen among the hite Moun- |
tains of New Hampshire. The spectator on the i
highest Smoky Peaks can enjoy a more varied |
view than from any other point in the houthern Alle- i
chflnies. Hast Tennes.^ee with its towns, ri\crs, j
and the Cumberland mountains in the distance, j
is spread beneath at the west. On the north ;
eat. be seen the CUuch mountains extending into j
Iveniiicky. At the northeast, ea.st, and >oiith-1
east, in full view, are all the higher mountains ol _
North Carolina, and at the south the smaller,
ones of Northern Georgia. Such prospects ;
the explorer lor his toilj their remembrance is |
always sweet. The country on the Tennessee ,
side is much lower than in North Carolina, and
the descent of the Smoky mountains is generally |
more abrupt and precipitous into the former '
State, than into the latter. i
The hisrhest Smokv mountains are near th
tlie southern Alleghanies are the skins of the ot
ter, mink, black fox, red fox, raccoon, and muskrat.
From the great height of the southern Alle
ghanies, there being twenty-four peaks higher
than Mount Washington, it will be readily infer
red that they have a nothern climate. Some
years aj;o, our guide to the top of Koane told us
that he had been on its hunimit when it was
covered with snow on the 11 th of June. I liere is
a table land extending from near the Roane to the
head of Turkey Cove and Linville Falls, a dis
tance of twenty or thirty-five miles, on w-liich tlie
inhabitants succeed with difficulty in raising In
dian corn sufficient for their own consump
tion. Occasionally thay have frost during every
month in the year* and'then they resort on horse
back or on foot to the valleys for corn. About the
tirst of last May we saw the mountains in Hay
wood covered witli snow about six inches deep.
The wheat harvest at the Forks of Pigeon begins
about the first week in .July; and we know ot no
better criterion lor isothermal lines than the time
of ripening wheat. e kept a record ol it in
western New ^ork, and in ten years the annual
time of beginning the wheat harvest did not vary
three days from the Kith ot duly.
The valleys in the (’arolina Mountains vary in
elevation from two thousand to upwards of three
tliousand feet, hence a lew miles tra\e» will olten
take one to a much warmer or colder climate.
iiiiiiiv..', mat -•>! . , This we experienced very sensibly in going Irom
to tlie bo'it olive oil. Our specimens ol the Py- j the valley of donathan’s Creek to that ol theS(*co
rnl'iri i h-ivc been -idanted at Philadelphia, New 1 Kiver. The former has a mean elevation ol about
• -.1-- 4' i' i,_:.i.,.. ' ^},ree thousand feet and the latter near two thou-
being from two to three feet in diameter,^
about sixty feet high. On Jonathans Cree'
there is a white oak (Quercus alba,) nineteen
feet in circumference at three feet ®
ground. This list of large trees could greatly
be extended, but enough have already been cited
to show the richness ol those coves and valleys.
On the Haywood mountains we saw a lew spe
cimens of the lietula excelsa (yellow birch,) and
.Mr. Curtis says he found it on the Black moun
tain. Amoni,' several shrubs which we obtained
for cultivatioii the Pyrularia oleilera or oil-nut is
It grows to the height ol
five to ten feet, and bears a pear-shaped
fruit little more than an inch in diameter, which
through it. S(juirrels are fond of it,
d cattle have a great liking for the young
branches and leaves ol the I’yrularia. Last
spring we saw an abundance of in the edge ol
some wtxids fenceil into a wlieat lield, and in Oc
tober we again went there alter the Iruit; but
the harvest was past, the lifhl had been j>astuied
herds of cattle and fiocks of sheep would soon
destroy it entirely. Mr. Durand ol I’hiladelphia
think.s that the oil expressed from it is sui)erior
York, and at the botanic garden of Cambridge,
near Rt)ston, and also some ol them have been
sent to Paris to the Acclimating Society ol France,
whose object is to acclimate useful trees, shrubs
and plants.
On Mount Mingus we first met with the Ptuge-
lia, a new ijenus of Shuttleworth, in the natural
order (’ompositjv, which has not yet been describ
ed in American works on botany. It is Irecjucnt-
Iv lound along-the Smoky mountains to the ex
tent of twent\-five or thirty miles. !>r. ^niy re-
cotrnized it at once, he having received it from
Mr. Shuttleworth, a Kuropean boUinist to whom
RuLrel sent plants. Sixteen ye.-trs before, in the
early sjirintr, we had visited tliose same mountains
witli Dr I’ugel. a !erman boUinist, and we were
lit «;lad to learn that his name was affixed to
of their interesting plants. 1 he Solidago
gloiuerata urow- on most ot th«* lialsam mountains,
and the Potentilla tridentata of the New Kngland
mountains also urows on the bald peaks of Macon ; the adjoining plain or valley, and extending U}>-
county. North Carolina. i wards .'icveral hundred feet, where Iruit trees al-
The Carolina n>'>untains have a urcat variety v>l ; ways bear.
sand. The Chinese sugar-cane (Sorghum) is ex
tensively grown, and may be regarded as a de
cided siiecess. There are few portions of the
Tnion were such a production is more ne«del.
The absence of railroads and the cost of transpor
tation render sugar and molasses dear; hence tiie
introdu*tion ol the ('hinese sugar-cane in that
section is a great blessing, anJ will enable man\
a poor lamily to have sweet cilfee.^
In no section of the United States have we
I seen liner apples, anl they are mostly Intm seed-
I linirs originally planted by tlie Indians. Silas
i .^lc^>owell of Franklin, in Macon (’o., has devoted
' more than twenty years to the selection and gralt-
*r of those best native apples, and he now lias
From the Greensborough PatrioT.
WHIG CONVENTION AT GRAHAM.
At the hour of eleven, the delegates assembled
in the Court House, and on motion of S H.Chris
tian, Esq. of Montgomery, the Convention was or
ganized by calling W. P. Taylor, Esq., of Chat
ham, to the Chair. Mr. Taylor, in a short but
eloquent speech, thanked the Convention for the
honor conferred upon him, and urged upon the
delegates the great necessity of harmony in tbeir
deliberations.
A. Patillo and Jas. A. Long were appoint
ed Secretaries.
On motion of Giles Mebaiie, Esq., it was or
dered that all good Whig« present Irom any ol
the counties composing the District, should^ b«
considered as delegates and hav'e seats in the C un-
vention.
The counties were then called, when the lol-
lowing gentlemen came forward and enrolled their
names as delegates:
I‘erson.—James C'. llolenian, jr.
C.v.swKF.L.—Capt. t). Fowler, Josepli S. Totten. Dr.
John H. Mc.V-Jeii, A. I'atillo, Ur. Wiu. H. Hender
son. A. (j. llemlerson.
Cn.^Tii.\M.—William 1*. Taylor, Dr. L. . Oorrell,
Thomas C. Uickson. J. T. Urooks. D. H. Albright, L. T.
Teague. N. A. Kamsav.
Mookk.—A. H. McDcmalJ, Richard Street, Jas. C.
Dowd. 15. McKwliin.
MoNTfio.MKUV.—.Jesse Saunders, D. Coggins, h. II.
Chri.stian.
.\i.AM.\vcE.—Isaac Holt, A. Tliompson. Kli Murray,
(Jeorge Hurdle. Dr. II. W. Denny, S. White, Dr. Kli
Watson. Dr. S. Holt. \Vm. Albright. John Bason. Me-
bane .Morrow, H. Clay Hurdle, Archibald Boyd. .Tames
Hunter, Col. David Clapp, John A. .Murray, Chesley
Faucett, H. Crawford. Thomas C. Foust, U. Hanner.
Willis .'Cellars. Dr. W. G. Clendenin. George McRae.
Peter Foust, Dr. Giles Faucetl, John Hutchinson, R.
V. McAden. Chas. Mebane. Richard .Moore, Thos. Holt.
J. H. Graham, John Russell. James Albright. Giles
Mebane, Alex. Griffith. William Albright, jr.. Sidney
Anderson. Gen. Joseph Holt. J. A. Turrentine, George
Uoinnn. F.dwin M. Holt, Joseph Tate, Nathan Stout,
William Holt, t'onstantine Sellars.
(Ji iLFOHi).—K. Fentress. Jed. H. Lindsay, Eli Smith,
.\brani Clapp. James .Sloun, John T. Dodson, James A.
Long, I'eter .Vdams. Thomas 1 Sandrige, Dan. F. Clapp,
J.uib Hiatt, D. F. Caldwell, Jesse H. Lindsay, Dr. J.
Weatherly, John Hiatt, Dr. S. G. Coffin. Dr. J. L. Cole.
J. H. Johnson. Harper Donnell, 1’. Y. Hiatt. Green B
Lamli. A. (J. (Mapp, William S. Gilmer.
Rani>oli-h.—A. G, Foster, C’ol. -A. Brower. John
rig
o!ie
mountain sk
be
cause
me ni*;uesi c'uiun> n.v ^ , . ; • \ ' ir.i,:- -1111
head waters of the Ocona-luftee and Little l*igeon ^ huckleberries accinmm an.l (.aylu..saca) i:pen- ; * ' "
rivers, bein- accessible from Tetinessee via Sev- ! iug in succesMon Irom July to .s,.j,tomber. W hen " 1 , '^ y
ierville, and\ip the Little Piireon to a Mr. Haw- we first met with acres ot those bu.^hes, in >cp- , tan > ot >ortt. I aro
wbnlixZ Pi-^ht milesVrom the ton of the tember. covcred with large delicious Iriiit, the | with an abundance o
kins’, who lives eight miles Irom the top
uap road, which is Hear the alum cave; and from
North Carolina by the road up the Ocona-luftee
to Mr. Collins’s house, seven miles from the top ol
the afore-named gap-road.
The geology of the nnmntains south and west
of Asheville has a good deal ol sameness, they
being composed of crystalline rocks, with the ex
ception of a narrow strip, extending southwest
along the Unaka or Smoky mountains which be
longs to the laconic system of Emmons. The ta-
conic rucks here consist of dark colored shales in
which we do not remember to have .seen any or
ganic remains. The strata of these rocks are in
many places nearly and olten quite vertical.
They are well exposed along the Middle t>r
Straiirht Fork of the Ravensfork in descending
from Mount Guyot to the Ocona-luftee. 'I'hey
also occur at the summit of the gap-road near
Mount Mingus, and extend two or three miles
down the road into North Carolina. The chief
rocks of the Haywood mountains are granite,
gneiss and mica slate, excepting a small portion
temj'tation wa. so great that we partook rather
freely, expecting to pay the penalty of over in
dulgence, l>ut Were happil\' ilisappointed. .Itnlg-
inL' from the exi*erience of others and our own on
many occasions, those berries arc remarkably
healthy. Most ol them were larger than any we
ever .^aw at the south. Tlie Vaccinium Consta
ble! of (^ray. which sometimes grows ten or fil-
teen feet hi_di (on Shining Uock. 1 w;is covered
with ripe fruit as late as the middle ol October.
There are several species of the huckleberry which
are worthy of cultivation. The common high
blackberry 1 Hubus villosus) is often found in
dcjise patches on and near the mountain tops, with
its stems smooth, and destitute uf prickles. 'Ibis
rule is constant. We do not remeinber to have
met with an exception. The .same species grow-
imr in the valleys lias its stems armed with jiriekles.
In the month uf Se]>tember many of the women
and children dig “sang.” (Aralia quiniuefolia.)
in the valleys and on. the mountain sides. The
dry roots of the Lun.sen^ or “.san>r.” as it is alwav^
near the Smoky Range, where the taconic rocks : there called, are worth at home twenty-fiv’ cent.-
are airain found. The Shining-Rock mountain
about eleven miles south of the Forks ol the Pig
eon is entirely of white or milky ijuartz, and is
probably the largest mass of tiiat rock at any one
point in the . Alleghanj««. It ha.s a fine appear
ance in the distance and is deservedly becoming
quite a place of resort. We believe that Hay-
per ]»ound. We met with one ni:in wL > Itad
bouirht pounds, and we remember being
with one lamily wliose chiMren sold seventy pounds
of dried sanir The.se roots are du^ with a lon^'-
narrow hoe called the “sang hoe.”
Snow birds ( FriiiLnlla nivalis) we .saw on the
lilack mountain, and also on many of the other
wooil and Jack.son counties, N. C., have not as | Halsiun mountains south and west ot Asheville. ' jn-rsons
yet afforded any paying mines to those who have j They were solitary or in ]>airs. showing evidently ! have u.sed di
been at the expense of working them, but it must I that they breed in tli»se j)laces. Another spe-j Ink, costing
be admitted that they have been little explored i cies of bird, wb
for that purpose. Prof. Kmmons. the State Ge- j sujiposed to I
the belt is free trum Irost.
I we believe its truth has
d by experiment,—the moun-
ina inight supply the South
id' the choicest fruit, if the i
means ol transportation wt're good. My the j
cultivation of more grass, and the introduction ol j
the ini[trovt*d breeds ot cattle into those mountain ;
valleys, butter and cheese iniirht also be made for |
the southern market. «)ne great drawback to the '
raisini: of sheep i.>; that they are destroyed by wild
animals, and also killel by the dogs. Still we
think it wouhl even pay well to keep she«“p. herii
them at night, and have a shepherd with his tl.»ir
to u'uard them by day. ami thus revive ohl Arca
dian times amoiiir those delightlul mountains.
vl»» Auiiiif'iiii l'riutlnj ifli niritf.— 1 he
New V(trk ’I'ribune was eighteen years old the
Dith of April, and the tollowing statistics takcji
Irom its issu»* of that day. will show the progress
even a bad thing can make in this free and go-
ahead country.
The Tribune now appears »n a sheet 41 by 00 i
inches in area, giving an extent of surface of
inches. >ur a^i;regate c»>nsu*.nption of pa[>er
is Sis reams (44,000 pounds or twenty cart-loads)
per week, mainly manufactured expressly for us
at the NiaL'ara Falls Mills. Our average weekly
expen.ses have gra«lually risen from to ST.-
S(Mt; we pay 44.tH.Hl per year to Hditors, ('orres-
poiidcnt.-^ and Keporter.s; 84»),000 per year for
labor in the dei)artment of Printing, nearly ?Di,-
IM»0 in that of Mailing; average about
for Telegraphing. emph>y one hundred and eighty
besides carriers, carmen, \c.. \c. We
during the ]>ast year ♦)U,04*.* jxmnds ot
lurinvr that
over 8S.0(HI. and have
lose summer habitat is generally j pori«l. employed pounds of Glue and 11
confined to the north, also lireeils i {.arrels of the best refined Catu* Svrup in the
manufacture of the Rollers whereby that
apj)lied. The Steam Power Pre.s,ses and
ink is
other
ologist, contemplates a survey of tho.se mountains | and summers in tho.se Hal.sam mountains. !t is
next summer, and we suspect that he will destroy ; the Crossbill i Loxia curvirostris) whose curious
the golden dreams of a few who build ctistles upon bill is well adaj)ted to extract .seetls from the cones 1 machinery u»ed in the rapid production ot our
undeveloped mineral wealth. i of the black spruce and balsam trees. In the j issues have cost us over ?70.(H»0, and we pay
mountain valleys we frequently met with many \ alxmt .?l(l.OOH |K r annum for Type, which tho.se
northern birds, among which was that sweet song- j Presses, owing to the extent of our editions, rap-
ster. the rose-breasted (irosbeak ( Frinirilla Ludo- | idlv reduce Uj a delaced ami inexpressive metal.
viciana).
The tedium of the night, when encamjiing on
the mountains, is almost always enlivened by the
stories of the guides and their adventures in
huntiusr. Tln-y all positively :i,ssert that the lujars
in early s}trinir. when first emerginir from their
winter quarters, are as fat as when they first re
tire for the winter. During the winter they shed
the soles ol their feet, whicii renders their walk
ing dilficult in the first o^‘sprinL'. when their l«jid
consists of the young plants, on which diet tlicy
soon bf'conie lean, anl reniairi .so until the ripen
ing of berries in AuL'ust and September, 'fhey
I>igs, pork and honey
Why they bite and
This region has long been a favorite place ot
resort lor the botanist. Here there is a ^trflnge
mixture of northern and southern species of
plants, while there are quite a number which
have been found in no other section of the world.
In the months of May and dunt when the Kal
mia, Rhododendrons and Aaaleas are in bloom,
these mountains and valleys present an array ol
floral beauty which is indigenous to no other sec
tion of the United States. The much vaunted
western prairies with their interminable same
ness, are by no means as beautiful. The Rho
dodendron Catawbiense, Kalmia latifolia and
AzaJea calendulacea, are not excelled by any na
tive floral beauties; the two last abound in near
ly every section of these mountains, but the first
rarely descends into the valleys. Resides these ■ are very fond of ho^rs an:
the Rhodedendron maximum, (laurel,) Rhododen-I beinL' their favorite diet
dnmpunctatum, Azalea arborescens and nudiflora, scratch the bark and limbs of the balsam and black
Oxydendrum arboreum, Chionanthus Virginica, spruce we cannot tell. It cannot be for food, be-
Halesia tetraptera, Clethra acuminata, Robinia j cause they do not genenjlly leave the marks ol
hispida and viscosa, Stuartia pentagyna, Liri- I their teeth on a tree, except in one or two phu-es.
odendron tulipifera. Magnolia acuminata. Cm-Sometimes they rise on tbeir hind legs and make
brella, and Fraseri, grow there more or less a- i long deep scratches in tno bark with their lore
bundantly, and they are all ranked as among the I paws. It may be done for sport, or to let tlieir
most ornamental trees and shrubs of the Atlantic eom])anions know their whereabouts. We have
States. The Pyras Coronaria is very common seen those fresh bites and aeratcbes on different
south of the French Broad river; Catalpa occurs \ treen at all season.s of the year. 'I'he bears show
in several places along the same river and in the } great sagacity in leeding at the hteward of the
mountain valleys near the Warm Springs; Clad- 1 paths on the mountain ridges, along which the
astris grows at Paint Rock, Tenn., which is near j hunter is almost obliged to travel; hence if the
the Warm Sjirings. Most of the highest moun- j wind blows it is almost impossible to get a shot at
them, their keen .«eeiit discoverin'!: the hunter
long before he gets within shooting distance.
They are stupitl and ufiwary about traps, entering
without fear the log pens; these are shallow, with
a depth d not nitre than two ft^et, over which is
raised a very heavy top, which I'alls ami crushes
the bear wheri he disturbs the bait. Hundreds
are caught in this manner evt'ry \ear. In the
unfrequented parts ol the mountains the large
steel trap is concealed in the bear trail; but this is
dangerous, and lialde to catch do;s, of which we
saw two caught in one morning to our great sor
row. The piteous yells of those unfortunate dogs
rang in our ears long afterwards. 1'he bears rare
ly disturb calves or young cattle, but in one lo
cality (d'the Smoky mountains we were told that
they flid much damage in killing young cattle,
and that there could be no mistake about it, be
cause a lar^o bear had }»een' caught in the act of
killing a youngsteer. The panther, wild cat, and
wolf are all troublesome to the mountain farmer
of those regions. The j)anther destroys sheep and
hogs; the wild cat, lambs and pigs. Roth are
cowardly and thievish, being rarely seen.
W e wen; told by a travelling fur merchant,
whom we there met, that the skin.s whicli he
boujrht among tlie mountains, etfual in fineness
and goodness those of tlie north, and that north
ern merchants could not tell the dilFcrence; still
tain tops are covered with the .\bies nif'ra and *
Abies Fraseri: the former is the black spruce,
.and is erroneou.sly called the balsam; the latter is
the true balsam with blisters in its bark, from
which balsam is collected. It attains a greater
size than Pursh or Nuttall have yiven it in tbeir
works. W e measured some on Wilson's Ralsam
and near Cathey's Peak, which were more than
three feet in diameter and from eighty t.> one hun
dred feet high. The black spruce appears to
grow at a lower elevation than the balsam, but
neither of them are often met beneath an height
»f 4000 feet.
The banks of streams and coves of these immn-
tains have some of the largest trees in the Fnited
States ea.stof Mississippi river. There is a Tulip
tree or Poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera,) near the
Pigeon river in Haywooil C'o., N. (’., about eight
miles from the Tennessee line, thirty-three (:i:>)
feet in circumference at three feet fnnn the
ground, or eleven feet in diameter, and upwards
of one hundred feet high. Another on the west
ern slope of the Smoky mounUiins in Tennessee,
on the Little Pigeon river, is twenty-nine feet in
circumference at three feet from the ground.
Near this locaUty we also measured a chestnut
(’astanea vesea,) thirty-three feet in circumfer
ence at four feet from the ground. It is a noble
living specimen, apparently sound, and of nearly
a,'r.>i-chard (V nVoVe than >00 apple trees, which i Branson. Jesse G. Hinshaw.
bear fruit eqtial if not superior to the best northern The lollowing Committee, consisting ot two
kinds. There is said to be a line or belt on the from each county, were appointed to prejiare busi-
ides about three hundred feet above j ness lur the action ol the Convention:
A. G. Foster. Abram Clapp, 0. C. Fowler, Jesse
Saunders, Jno. T. Brooks, James C. Dowd, Rufus V.
McAden James Holeman, Jr., Abram Brower, John T.
l/odson, J. H. McAden. D. Coggin. 'T. C. Dickson. R.
Street. Isnac Holt.
The Convention adjourned till two o’clock.
The (’onvention having re-a.s.sembled, and the
('ommittee not being ready to report, D. F. Cald
well. Esq., was called out, and for nearly an hour
entertained the ('onvention by an eloiuent ami
stirrinsr speech. He contrasted those States
where Democracy had always been in the ascen
dant. with those where the opi)osition ruled.—
showing that wherever democracy prevailed, the
sure result had been high taxes, distress and a
of public credit.
,\t the close of Mr. (’aldwell’s speech, the
(^>mmittee, through their chairman, A. G. Foster
Escj., reported the following preamble and resolu
tions, wliicb were unanimously passed;
Whkkeas. We recognize as a fundamental principle
of all free (lovernments, and especially of ours, that all
power i.s vested in and lerived from the people: and
consiilering tliat it behooves us to meet often together,
and consult as to the best means of perpetuating our
Republican Institutions, and to give expression to the
result of oilr deliberations; therefore be it
Resolved 1st, That thedemoralizingtendency of Demo-
crncv, the ruinous extravagance of the preuent and last
Adiiiinistration, and the corruption pervading every
department of the Government, make it indispensably
necessary that the democratic party should be tlefeated.
and that there should be a union of all patriotic men
for the sake of the Union and the common good.
Resolved ‘id. That while we are fully sensible of the
(Treat iriiportunoe of acquiring CuVia. whenever 8ueh ac
quisition can be made, in a peaceable manner, in accor-
dancc with National honor, and without any breach of
National faith, yet under exi.sting circumstances, we
are utterly opposed to the measure of the present ad-
j ministration of appropriating thirty millions of dollars
for that purpose; regarding, as we do, such proposition,
as not only absurd and accompanied by an indirect in
sult to Sj>ain. but also tending directly and immediately
to interrupt our friendly relations, and to involve us in
hostilities with the great commercial and Christian
jiowers of the worhl.
Resolved. Od. That the democratic party is controlled
by a cliiiue of corrupt politicians, who are actuated sole
ly and entirely by selfish purposes, and many of whom
are disunionist:* at heart: that the slavery agitation,
which has so h>ng distracted the coimtry, often reduc
ing us to the verge of civil war. was conceived and
brought about, and has been kept up. by these same
corrupt democratic leaders, either with the view of dis
solving the Union and establishing a separate Southern
('onfederacy. or with the view of strengthening their
jiower in the South, and retaining the spoils of office.
Re.solvcd 4th, That we consitler the public lands as a
rich inheritance, belonging in common to all the States,
ami that we denounce as unju.st and iniquitous, the
shameful manner in which tliis domain has been squan
dered on cor|>orati(ms, and in building up Schools and
Colleges in many of the States, to the en«h-c exclusion
of North Carolina. That the bill introduced in the
last ('ongress. by our able and faithful Representative,
the Hon. John A. Gilmer, providing that when any
portion of said lands should hereafter be granted to any
Slate, for any purpose whatever, that then, appropria
tions shoul.i be made to all the other States in propor
tion to the number of their Representatives, was ju.st
and fair in its provisions, and well calculated to do equal
justice to all parties.
Resolved 5th, That the bill passed by the last Con
gress, appropriating a certain amount of the public do-
■lain to cach State to aid in building up and establish
ing agricultural Schools and Colleges, was not only
Constitutional, but was a wise and prudent measure,
well calculated to aid in developing the resources of
the country: an’d that Buchanan, by vetoing said bill,
exercised tho Executive prerogative to the oppression
of the citizen, and in wanton disregard of the wishes
of the peofde. expressed through their Representatives
in C(mgress assembled.
Resolved 0th, That the annual expenses of the Gen-
ral Government having, since the Administration of
Fillmore, increased from fifty to upwards of ninety mil
lions of dollars: it i.s dishonest and corrupt in the dem
ocracy to deceive the people by pretending that this
extravagance is the result of our increasing population,
the admission of new States, and a more extended
frontier: but that said increase can only be accounted
for in the unjustifiable extravagance of the .Adminis
tration. and in the shameful expenditure of money, by
the Executive and other Federal office-holders, to re
ward dishonest and corrupt politicians, as is fully
shown by the reports of the various investigating com
mittees.
Resolved 7th, That we are opposed to direct taxa
tion. and in favor of a revision of the Tariff', so as to
bring in a .sufficient revenue, to support an economical
.\iliiiinistration of tiie Government, and at the same
time to afford incidental protection to .\merican Industry.
After the aV)ove resolutions had been adopted,
Mr. A. R. McDonald, of Moore, rose, and after a
chaste, elojucnt and appropriate speech, compli
mentary of Mr. (Jilmcr, submitted the following
resolution:
Resolved, That w'e approve and endorse the course
of our faithful and worthy representative, the Hon.
.lohn A. (iilnier: and as an evidence of our Gonfidence
in his ability and integrity, we hereby nominate John
.\. (Jilmer as a candidate to represent this Congress
ional district in the next Congress of the United States.
This resolution was passed by acclamation and
amid the greatest enthusiasm, putting it beyond
all doubt that Mr. Gilmer was not only the first
choice of the district, but that by his firm, inde
pendent, conservative course, he had endeared
liimself to his constituents.
adding a few wofds, however, by way of Encour
agement, to their brother delegates.
Mr Caldwell offered the following resolution,
which was passed:
Resolved, That a Commitfee of Corre.spopdence, con
sisting of two from each county, be appointed.
The Chairman appointed the following gentle
men a Committee to inform Mr. Gilmer of his
nomination and to request his acceptance: J. S.
Tatuiu, James Holeman, R. Y. McAden, Jesse
H. Lindsay, Jes.se G. Hinshaw, N. A. Ramsay,
A.’R. McDonald, S. II. Christian.
The following is the Committee of Correspon
dence, with their Post offices:
A. R. Kelly. Dr. S. C. Bruce, Carthage, Moore: Hon.
Edmund Deberry, Clark's Creek. Montgomery; E. C.
Chambers. Pekin. Montgomery: Dr. John II. ^Ic.\den,
Dr. William Hende**son, Yanceyville, Caswell; A. G.
Foster. Thomasville; A. J. Hale. Ashcboro’: Dr. b. V.
W'atson. W'atsonville, .\lamance: Abel Griffith. Gra
ham. .\lamance; Jed. H. Lind.say. Peter .\dams, Greens
borough: Dr. L. W'. (Jorrell. Goldston, Chatham: Dr. N.
A. Ramsay. Pittsboro. Chatham; Green B. Saterlield,
and J. A. Barnett. Roxboro’. Person.
The thanks of the Convention were tendered to
the officers, the proceedings ordered to bo ]>ublish-
ed, and, after an appropriate address from the
('hfirman, the (Convention adjourned.
WM. P. TAYLOR, Cb’n.
Jas. a. Lo.\(i, )
Mifgonir Ilistnry.—For some time, Jas. Ranks,
Es(j., of Fayetteville, has been employed, at the
instance of the (irand Lodge of North Carolina,
in preparing a history of Free Masonry in this
State, of the progress of this ancient order, and
of its Lodges and most prominent members. The
material ought to be abundant, but it is feared
that time, and an indolent and indifferent spirit,
which so ciiaracterizes our |)eople, in regard to the
preservation of historical data, have greatly re
duced the means for preparing such a history as
would be desirable. A better selection for the
historian, than Mr. Ranks, could not have been
made. If a well tutored mind, a discriminating
judgment, ability as a writer, enthusiasm as a
M a,son and consetjuent interest in his subject, and
a full share of good old Scotch industry and per
severance, can accomplish any thing, the order
may be sure of a rich volume from Mr. Banks’s
pen. Mr. B. has recently been on a visit to some
of the ohi Lodges of the East, collecting materials.
We wish him eminent success.— lI’asA. Dispatch.
■d'-TVi-i
Bank of Xorth Carol inn.—There seems to be
no doubt now that one million of dollars, the
amount necessary to put the bank in o]>eration.
will be subscribed by the 1st of June. About
?C>To,000 have been subscribed here, including
the Literary Board and Tniversity sub.scriptions.
(’harlotte is expected to sub.seribe S’iOO/JOO,
Edgecombe S7o,000 to 8100,000, and large sub
scriptions are expected at Milton and other points.
It is more than probable that 81,500,(>00 will be
subscribed before the books are closed on the 1st
of next month. That will leave 81,>00,000 still
to be taken, and under the charter the books will
be opened and kept oj>en until this amount is
subscribed. The Bank of North Carolina may be
regarded as a “fixed fact.”—Ral. StamlarJ.
Havk of \\'a>{vsf»>rou>fh.—At the annual meet
ing on the .‘id inst., the following were elected ; premature and illiisory.
I)ire«tors: W. R. Leak, W. C. Smith, S. W. Cole,
P. Richardson, (j. W. Little, T. Robin.son, J.
White.
At a meeting of the Board, W. R. Leak was
re-elected President, H. B. Hammond Cashier,
and N. Beverly Clerk.
The Bank is in a very prosperous condition.
A .semi-annual dividend of 5 per cent, has been
declared.— WaJesboro' Arjus.
LATER FROM EUROPE
Halifax, >lay
The Niagara, from Liverpool on the 2/d „li
arrived to-day.
The news is alarming. Au.stria has s»-iit it.
ultimatum to Sardinia, demanding the disarm
ment and dispersal of volunteers. Three (|;(\^
were given for reply. H a refusal is the nsuji
war will be declared.
Eighty thousand more Au.strian troops li „i
been ordered to Ticine. Austria had rt-j,.eti.,j
England’s final proposition.
The three days given Sardinia expire .(fi th.
evening of the 24th.
The English Government had teleirraijli,.,] ,,
Vienna a strong protest against Austria’s iiiena(.c
It is reported that Austria had rej)!ied. rfi'u,
ing to re-consider, and has already prejiareil •»
manifesto, to accompany the declaration of war
The French troops were concentrating on th,.
frontiers of Piedmont.
The holidays in England preventeil the fuji
development of effect of the news.
The Paris Bourse had fallen throe jkt ci ut
All the powers, except Austria, h;i.|
upon England’s peace prop»sition.
Commcrriol.—LivkrpooL, April JJ..—C(,tt,,|,
declined from a sixteenth to an eighth. Sal,,
five days 80,000 bales. .Middling and h,w,r
(jualities declined most. Speculators took 1 immi
bales, exporters o,r)00. Orleans middlin^r y ;,]
Uplands ) I-o. Stock in port 48:i,(MK) 1,;,],.^.
eluding 870,000 American. Fl jiir steadv; wheat
quiet; corn stead}' and one penny hiirlu r; ric,.
firm and advanced ^ix-pence ami niiie-jK.‘int'-
rosin heavy at 4s., medium 4s. Od ami s>. )m1 •
turpentine higher at 43-L
7'hr Vf^ry IjiiteM.—The cotton market oli.stTv,.,]
htdiday (Easter) but it has evidently a '1>( rmin..
tendency. Breadstuffs and provi.-ioiis ativaiuii,
tendency.
Nkw Oki,e.\.ns, May .jth.
]'lr^n‘tiilii>il (U/iniist Cii/ki! J)irons
—Fillihitsf) rs Wri h>-i!—The (^Miaker C;tv ,
mails bring Port au Prince dates of the littdiuli
April. The brig African, from New York, ar
rived thereon the 12th, with o;') fillibu.-tcrs an.i
240 guns, and other munitions. They attciii|itd
to land at Ncuvitas, ('uba, but failetl. An at
tempt was made on the 7th, but the hoats wta-
swamped, and the munitions all lost.
The Spanish Con.sul had notified Gen Coinhu,
who despatched a steamer to capture tiicni. Imt
nothing had been heard of the fil!illu.ter^' dtht-r
vessels.
The I f)ih Amnnnfy.— President l>uclKtiia!i,
referring in his la.«t annual message to the lii'tui-
bances which had previou.'ly existed in I tah. re
presented the then existing condition of the Ter
ritory as “a subject for congratulation.” ami \
pnrs.-^ed his happiness at being able to inrnnu tii,-
Congress tliat the (lovernors and other ci\il olli-
cers of Utah were performing their apprujiriatt;
functions without resistance. “The autlioritv ol’
the ('onstitution and of the laws.” In^ added, “lia
been fully restored, and }>eaee prevails tlirouu^lnMit
the Territory. ”
The late advict'S. if autlu ritic, n>iii]M.l ilie re
luctant conclusion that these felicitutiows wwi;
In attempting to ;idiniii-
! ister the laws. Judge (Vadlebaugh is rc}»ort d ig
I have been thwarted by the criminal deliiiijUt nc\
I of the grand jury, which, c«»nsisting cntirelv nf
j ‘Olormons,” refused to find indi(•tment^ ag.'in>t
j those of their faith, in palpable eases of guilt,
j while the petit jury in like manner failed to lon-
I viet notorious offenders, insomuch that the .ItidL't
! found if necessary to adjourn the Court in dos]iair
I of accomplishing any thing in the administration
i of criminal justice. In next proceeding, as a iiu-
I gistrate, to examine witne.«ses and make invi'; -
j gations in relation to several offences, and in :ir-
! resting and detaining certain parties with thv aid
of the military power placed at bis coimuaud, Ite
Ai(iRf:C. VTK I IlO I I-.\TI0.N.
; Daily Tritmne. ;5-').7-)0 | Weekly Tribune. l.'i:!.000
I Sen'i-weekly do.. l'a.»«K> } Do for the Hacitic.
' Grand total of our issue, -1 1.7.')0 cojiies.
I* Ori'iin of Otlil Fellotrshlj) in (hr I . S.—( )n
, the 2f(th day of April, 1^10, just forty ye; rs ago,
at the house (d' William liUjiton, sign of the Se-
; veil Stars, Secomi street. i{;iltiniore, 'riioimis
! Wildey, and four others, being the only five mem-
] bers of the ()rd«‘rwli» (.‘ouM be found in that
city, met and formed themselves iiitt) Lodge No.
1. ^ ery soon after this, loreseeiii'r the evils th;it
Would ensue, if the sysf«'m d' self-institution was
contiiniefl, they anplied to and obtained from a
coiiqtetf'iit lefial authority—the Duke of ^ ork
liOl|:e, of Preston, Kngland—a chartxT by which
they were legally constituted and duly author
ized as the he:id of the Order, to grant charters
and exercise supreme authority witbin the I nitod
Statr.s. Knim this bumble commencement ori
ginated the (i nind Lodge of the United States,
and the State Grind liodges, and contributing
meiidiers. From so small a germ has sprung
that mighty tree whose branches have spread
throughout every State in the Union.
Pvterahu ry E.i press.
a unifym diameter upwards, for forty or fifty ! in order to get the highest price he was obliged to
eet. About two miles farther up the same send his skins to New York, through Ohio and
via the Erie Railroad as if they had come frosi
the northwest. The principal furs obtained in
up
stream there is a hemlock, or spruce pine, (Abies
Canadensis) nineteen feet and two inches in eir-
What l\‘ojAi l)ie f.—In regard to the dis
eases of which American people die, it is .stated
that consumption destroys one-fifth of all who die
in the Northern, and one-twelfth of all who die
in the Southern States Apart from consumption,
other respiratory diseases occasion a large pro
portion of mortality in the warmer section. Pneu
monia, erouj) and whooping-cough show a large
excess (d‘mortality at the South, and the various
fevers, intermittent, remittent and continued, are
1.0.'iO per cent, in excess there. Scarlet fever
showi'd 40 per cent, more at the North, and deaths
from jaundice and di.seases of the liver are more
frequent there.
Mah s ant/ Ftinalta burn.—“There seems to be
a universal law that move “males than females arc
born.” This is sustiiined by the records of every
.aation where records have been kept. The ex
cess of males varies with different people, but, so
far as known, the excess is greate.st in the I’nited
Suites. It varies widely among the different
Suites, the excess in South Carolina and Kentucky
being more than three times as great as Massa
chusetts. The effect of climate and other appre
ciable causes in producing this disproportion in
the sexes, is not settled. The excess is greatest
in extreme climates—-Russia and South Carolina.
According to the Detroit Advertiser, the popu
lation of that city now numbers 75,000. The
popVilation of Cincinnati is estimated by the Ga
zette at 200,000.
No man is so insignificant as to be sure his ex
ample can do no hurt.
Hank of hfxinyton.—The Charter of the Bank
at Lexington, granted by the last Legislature, has
been secured, and the Commissioners have called
a meeting of the stockholders on Monday next,
for the purpose of organizing and putting the liank j has, whether with or without cause, brought about
into operation. We learn that some 827,000 of 1 a deplorable conflict between the Goveniur ami
military commander in that Territory. Siicli a
collision of views occuring between fuiictiouarion
of the National Government is always to he re
gretted, but in the present case becomes especially
unfortunate because of its tendency to weaken tli
influence of Federal authority over a pcoj lr al
ready imbued with a spirit of disaffection to tiu
supremac}’ of the Constitution and the laws. Thf
much-vaunted doctrine of “popular sovereignty'
seems to have proved a signal failure as tliu far
illustrated in the history of Utah.—Sat. Int.
Messrs. A. G. Foster, R. Y. McAden, N. A.
Ramsay, and S. H. Christian, were called out, all
of whom entertained the Convention with able
and interesting speeches. Several others were
called up but excused themselves from speaking,
operation.
specie has already been paid in, (obtained from
the North.) The stockholders contemplate re
opening the books sometime during the year, to
increa.se the capital stock.—Patriot.
Dan River Coaljield Rail Road.—An enthu-
sia.«tic meeting was held at Leaksville on Satur
day la.st, whe’’e able speeches were made in favor
of the Dan River Railroad. Another meeting
wius held in Wentworth on Tue.sday night, and
able and interesting speeches made by Chalmers L. '
Glenn. Thomas Settle, John H. Boy^, and others,
and a very handsome subscription obtained.
We fear the importance of this Road is not fully
appreciated by the citizens of Rockingham, though
they are, perhaps rather slowly, subscribing the
stock to build it.— Grtensboroujh Patriot.
Thp Wheat Crop.—This crop, which was so
likely a few weeks since, now promises nothing!
It is ruinedi The rainy, cool weather has been
the cause of rust, and at this time the crop is at
least injured seventy-five per cent. Within the
past few days we haye seen several wheat
farms in Chowan, Perquimons and Pasquotank
counties, and many of them are almost rod with
rust, which seems to be animalculae covering the
blades.
We regret that our farmers will meet with so
general great loss.—Edenton E.rpre.»s.
The White Shad.—It has been a source of
much anxiety to the people of Eastern North Ca
rolina, to witness for some years past the evident
decrease of shad and herring in our waters. Al
bemarle Sound at one time furnished more shad
and herring to the commerce of the country than
almost all the other fishing grounds in the Union,
and all the streams in North Cart^ina had them
in abundance. But of late years they have been
growing less by degrees, until it has become a
hazardous business to embark largely in fishing.
We think iii proportion as they have left our
waters they have gone North. Nova Scotia
seems now to be the great rendezvous for herrijig.
No one can divine the cause of this.
IL/.s/e. Dispatch.
The Fisheries.—The fishing business has almost
proven a failure, and already some of our fisher
men have stopped.—Edenton Express.
Sentenced to Death.—A negro named Over,
formerly of Leesburg, Va., has been sentenced to
death in Canada for niail-robbery and murder.
Senttmentaf Youth.—“My dear girl, will you
share my lot for life?”
Fractieaf Girl.—“How many acres in your lot,
sir?”
Tronhle \rith Mexico.—Dispatches from Mexi
co embarrass the Executive. The U. States are
likely to be involved in a quarrel with .Minunou
Our government has issued orders to auirnient the
naval force in the Gulf. Special instruc tions have
been sent to 31 r. McLane, for the protection of
American interests.
Sjfteinl di.'ij>atch to Jour, oj ('mit.
(itraiKl
P. TA\ L.OR
n.\S now in Store, a general Stock of Staple
Dry (lioodfii, HatM, l^hoeK,
And the best quality of
Family tmrorerieH^ Hard-ware,
MoHotr-'ware,
Table anti Pocket Cutlertf,
Together with almost all articles usually wanted in
the trade of this place.
Agent for the sale of BENBOW’S COTTON YARN,
TW INE. CANDLE WICK, &c. Store formerly occupied
by W. F. MOORE, Esq., North-East Corner Market
Square. Call and gee. P. TAYLOR.
April 30, 1859. 10-lmi
Citrate of* ]?Ia^ne§ia.
For sale by * '
,S. J. HISgDALE.
May ,3,
Royal Arcli Ciiapln* of
^'ortli C'aroliiia.
Keguliir Annual Coiivni ji-
tion of this Body will lio
in Wilmington, on Moielay thf
sixth day of June ncxi. .‘'iitiiir-
dinate Chapters are reiU‘‘sioii i"
be punctual in sending their re
presentatives and return'^, tilaiiiv'
for which were sent by innil
THOS. B. CARB, Grand ?c’y.
11-till
Kerosene Oil,
Light colored,—best quality. For sale bv
S. J. HLNSIt.Al.K.
Buckwheat Mrecl.
s. J. 1IINSI*.\I-I-
B.VRRELS Glue, for sale low by
S..J. HlNSDAbK
Cod Livc'r Oil Jelly,
ND SYRUP OF BHOSPIHTES. For Vile I.v
S. J. iiiNsi)\i-i:
/OR sale by
>R sale by
Coii;;'re!M Water.
F " s. .T. H1N.'1>A11'
Hrx. AlleiiN Hair Re!itorafi>«*-
1^10K sale by
r S. J.
Polo|>liiliiii, Cirei!«eiiiiii.
STILLINGIN, LUI’ULIX, &c., &c. For snlo by
S. J. Hl.NSDALK.
April 25 • ^
BAKER’S PREMIUM (HOtOLATK.
117 BAKER & CO S AMERICAN, FRKNt ll. HO
>V . MtEOPATHIC, .and VANILLA I’UK.MIIM *11"-
COL.\TE, PREPARED COCOA. BKOMA,
PASTE, COCOA STICKS, SOLtBLE. noM'K»!’V
THIC AND DIETETIC COCOA, CR.\CKK1» COCOA
and COCOA SHELLS, celebrated as nutritive,
utary and delicious beverages, for more thnn ilirt'f
fourths of a century, are manufactured from
of the finest quality and warranted superior to
other Cocoa Preparations made in the Ciiited Si.ite-
As nourishment for children, and persons in litMit'’-
and as substitutes for Tea and CoflFee in Nervous •>"'
Dyspeptic cases. th»y are invaluable and are recom
mended by the most eminent Physicians.
For sale by their Agents D. C. MURR.W. ^ ''
WM. S. OR INT. Philadelphia: T. V. BRUNDIUK, r»*‘-
timore; KENNETT. DUDLEY & CO., Cincinnati; anJ
by Grocers generally.
WALTER BAKER & CO.,
Dorchester, Mass.
M*rch 80
OB
MONO
ligent audien
terest, on Th
of Henry W
and the great
^ work to wb
observation o
rick the Gre
nothing gr^a
his frequent
State and in
with the reqi
him ^
pose hicb b
The oratio
livered with
here its frei
ed the freq
^■as a most s
which there
active partici
interested in
In this age (
j.„frrosses tbt
of niagnanin
claims of tlto
favor ill retu
allotted task,
injustice of
among the r
(.howing whe
lavorite worl
of some of
ileed, how ;
the great e\
ea, and gaze
s^uided then
passes our
science, mec
progre.ss of
no previous
the Aineric
Washingtofi
•uuy century
influence on
to all time.
We have
extensive an
to express
felt by his
among whom
tlemen from
here, some
ii^gir the Ad(
Mr. Millt-
audience by
w:ls further
Cornet Han
The (’o>
vention at (i
every count]
.lohn A. G'
re-election.
The proc
lisbed in th
The l>eni
on the 31s
Commox
is advertised
amount to
is 890,425
ties will re
(’umberlai
.Vlauiauce
IJladen,
Chatham,
l>avid.son,
Kiirsytb,
•lohnston,
.^l(»ore,
>range,
lichmond
'amp.son,
’nion.
S.-
F.wktti
es, especia‘
K.xpress,
who advis.
‘‘ape our
K.xpress
May-Day
Jiaragrapl
“We o>
ing, .scan
tiiade of
we learn
timch snu'
was so prc
C'unpanioi
ii'ailf Old
devotion
"te,” and
AVe w'
freaks of
which h-
the pupil
low” ref
“pplief? t
rears, pi
*’f a pon
*'ii’eus,”
creature
"'t'lge; di
whip luoi
*uoliti(in
iind duri
ties are
the ^rall
app
driver,
'Iriver r
“P to th
tobacco
cliarijfe,
^Jfatedaii
-1 He.
■luetioii
Worcos
New Y'
over 1(1
''hie,
'^ill carr
ble of
patrona
is a red