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VOLUME IIL
NEWBINN. C. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1820.
NUMBER 129.
jf r
ted and published weekly, by
..... ; '
PASTEUR HVATSON
At $3 per annum--balf in advance
! AGRICULTURAL
- " " i "Tti-i j i i' worms, &c. ; and has been success-
Jfomtlie Memoir of ifiePniladelphia(ji in killing, or banishing the Corn
Agricultural Society. grub. Old pickle or refused meat,
or fish, dispersed in small quantities,
2foticeS for a Young Farmer, in mole tracks, has banished molds
-. - V from gardens or fields. '
v . (continued,; . j J Wheresoever the harrow has been
Time; when, and how. profitably "appli-. fairly tried, its advantages over the
d. Indian Uorn ; raoaesoi pianung.
ttrihin? or decaying the jsod
J.i...a tha J end tin-'
row preferred to the plough, for clean
ing and dressing corn. Some remarks
on southern ploughing.
IV. You gain a season in the
wholesome efficacy of lime, by sprea
ding and harrowing well in,on your
fall-ploughed fallows. Its caustici
ty is thus mitigated or destroyed by
winter exposure ; and you may the
"more safely use dung,; the ensuing
season, for your crops, without dan
ger of injurious effects from hot j
lime. . . - I . ; A;; . . !
If you plant Indian corn, on either
fall or springed ploughed sod-fallow,
(or any other) deeply tilled, (aid it
js the most desirable and cleaning
crop,) sow the gypsum over the
whole field ; and some do both, af
ter the plants are suffi iehtly forward.
The seed should be wetted and rol
led in plaster, or steeped in a decoc
tion of Hellebore or Copperas ; or,
what produces a surprising effect a
strong solution of Saltpetre" ; . but
do not -soak or steep ir too much.
In dry weather the germination is
accelerated, by the steeping injuri
ously j so that the plume and radi
cles perish ; and in long wet sea
sons they rot. The sod having been
broken up 5 to 7. inches deep ; or
if more the better j requires shal
low planting. It it be . cut with a
coulter harrow, the better crop will
thrive. Being, unturned the sod be
comes of itself a manure.' Althaugh
it may not entirely rot, its incapaci
iy to vegetate is insured ; and the
soil is left filled with decayed veget
able matter, auxilary to the corn
jproduct and a babulum for appropri
ate manures. But frequent harrowing
must not be . neglected ; whether
- you plant in squares or drills, and at
what distances, depends much on
the state of your field the nature of
your soil, and not a little, on opin
ion ; which varies much on this
subject, and is frequently operated
upon bv success, in the mode which
happens to be fortunate. Some j
have.SDoken favourably of nlantinir
Corn as early as it can be got in the
ground; and they do not fear the
annoyance of late frosts. j It might
y this means be vigorous enough
to resist the Grub, - or grow after
being cut off by them. Some have
succeeded in planting late, so that
the Cut-worm is passing; away be
fore it sprouts. The first mode is
more secure from early frosts in the
autumn. " ;'
Unless its situation and circum
stances forbid, lay your Cornfields
level, rather than in . ndces that
moisture, in light soil especially,
may be retained, instead of DasSin
away, and, if necessary, draw water
furrows to carry off accidental flood-
t . 1. ' - . - ......
inEi u rains, or otner causes
Cleanly farming is essentially neces
sary, with the hoe, and common har
row to prevent grass & weeds grow
ing ; ana to assist inrottine the
sod. Use the plough little, if at All
and the harrows much. Ploughing
up furrows to the Cornplants, is an
impediment to, the harrowing cul
ture, carries off moisture from the
plants, exposes the accumulations of
earth soon to dry through, and
is worse than useless. , If you must
ridge low and websqils, still the hoe
and common harrow should be dil
igently used. Pulverise your ground,
and the plant will be nourished and
supported by the length and vigour
ot multiplied roots,-and never re
quire hills, or elevated furrows.
Transplanting, from a seed bed,
sown early, bro4d cast, in or coave-
nient to your corn field, or with su- j
pernurnerary plants, from other hills, j
is far preferable to using seed corn,
for supplying defective hills, cut off
by the gfub or otherwise vacant.
Plants overtake and keep pace with
those uninjured ; but renewals with
seed corn seldom arrive at maturity.
Salt is used for destroying grubs,
plough, in the Corn crop nave been
decisiAely shewn. Corn in drills,
,1" - 1 1 - 1 !!
oil a sod deeply ploughed in, the
rows 4 feet apart, and the plant 18
inches, assunder and therafter en
tirely7 cultivated with harrows, has
produced crons, bevond the belief
of those wedded to the old mode of
culture. Some have found great
advantages in the culture of 'Corn
in wide rows ; and potatoes," well
manured; drilled between them.
It is evident that this and other
modes of practice, herein mentioned
are calculatedjfbr farms of the ex
tent deemed competent in piir parts
of the Union ; where perm inent
cleanliness, and valuable covers of
grass, for hay and pasture, are coh
templated' In southern sections,
where the mere grain crop is the ob
ject, and vast extent of surface oc
cupied ; so that numbers cf acres
are multiplied, to produce an ag
gregate which might be had from a
few ; such details of operation for
dressing and cleaningjthe soil, al
though highly assistant to the,im me
diate rpp, wpuld be' considered as
applicable and unnecessary. But
until in those districts, some such
practices are used in less extensive
husbandry, are more commonly in
troduced, landholders should not
complain of broo in-straw, and other I
noxious pests, overrunning and ster-
in zing tneir worn anu tin ally aoan
doned fields : urjred on their march
to poverty, by double cropping, and
rough farming. Great advantages
might, however, be nqw taken of j
former mismanagement, by pursu
ing some means to recover waste
and abandoned lands, by using the
spontaneous growths of 6crubby
timber, first for cover, after felling,
and then burning it, as Col. Taylor
has practised. Helhas not only set
an encouraging eximple for farther
experiments ; but has, afforded the
strongest proofs of the benefits re-;
suiting from covA and five, on soils.
From experience m the like experi-
ment, it could be shewn, that his
cover remained unnecessarily long
unburnt. v '
If the numbers of slaves are bur
thens on the southern landholders,
in the farming districts ; confin
ing their attention to a better style
of agriculture on a smaller scale,
would relieve them. If emancipa
tion or colonization be prudent and
practicable, those emancipated or
colonized, might be spared when
fewer labourers were required in
improved husbandry. It less land
were occupied in exhausting culture,
there would be a surplus for a white
population to cultivate to great ad
vantage. The improved state of
the husbanjfjry in some of the coun
ties of-irinia, particularly Loudon,
is n example of peerless value.
the piaster and clover, culture has
produced there, almdst magical ef
fects. Deep ploughing , is - much
practised. - f '
If you cannot lime, for the Com
Crop, in the autumn, let it be donei
early in the Spring, The harrows
mix the lime with the soil, Sc should
befrequently at work. Be not afraid
ofcuttingthe corn roots; they sendout
fibres from the severed parts which
more than supply the deficiency oc
casioned by excision. Sucker your
Corn, and do not sow winter grain
among it to the injury of both
crops, as well as your land. . Of all
vour crops, Indian Cornwill the
least bear neglect, and it amply re
wards all your attention: It'is not
only the most valuable, take it with
all its advantages, but it is, of all
crop:, generally, the most certain;
If it fails, some most uncommon
reasons or circumstances occur. We
call it Corn, without its specific de
signation, for its pre-eminence. It
is the best crop to subdue a stubborn '
or clean a foul sou. It forces you
to farm well which counterbalan
ces its exhaustion, in a very im
portant degree.
Indian Crr is trulv a great ex
hauster, ho wever " valuable it may
otherwise beJvTt should therefore
be only, one ' of a course of crops,
and not repeated, but at long inter
vals. When its turn arrives, it
should be used as a cleanings crop ;
for which it is highly estimable, not
only for its own, but for the benefit
of its successors ; which should be
small grain and grasses. Whatever
.may be done in more fertile or new
countries, old lands will not ; admit
of frequent and uninterrupted suc
cessions of this crop, v
Stable and Yard Manure to be ploughed
in. Dung; remarks on it, and opin
ions as to the state m which it is most
beneficially applied!
' V. Plough in your Barn yard or
Stable manure. In what state dung
should be applied, is a disputed
question.Some plough it in at an ear
ly stage of putrescence, and some
when it is more a d v an c e d . rTh ;
middle course is, perhaps the best.
To scarcity or other tap-roots, fresh
dung is decidedly hostile. 4 But the
adverse opinions on this subject, as
to other crops, are too diffuse to be
here inserted.- You will find, them
in books, but the best lessons are to
be gained by your own experience.
Your well rotted compost, is indu
bitably best, for top1 dressings, on
either grain or grass. Yet fresh
dung, as :a top dressing, has its ad
vocates."; It is even i believed bv
many, that usingtlung bi itself, is
wanion wasie ; anu iat it siiuuiu. ue
considered only as an ingredient, to
give value and activity to other ma
terials in composts.
The nature and qualities of sons,
and 1 kinds and description of ma
nures, have influence, no doubt, 'on
opinions and practice. Climate and
seasons have alsa their operations on
manures. The most general opin
ions and practice, favour the use of
moderately rotted dung. '
Deep ploughing in breaking up. Sor
ret and Sorreline acid. Foul or wet
fallows. Chaff-bearing cro.?, not to
succeed one another. Oats cut for hay,
or sown for pasture. Oats and Indian
'corn, for soiling. Vetches. Heligoland
Bean. Thistles ploughed in. Fences.
Timber. Live Fences.
VI. Break up deep, and be not
afraid of turning up barren soil,
when the nature cf your ground
admits of thisoperaion. Shallow
jVploughing up the vegetable mould,
I deceptiously serves a turn,. when it
is not exhausted ; and its exhaustion
is the certain consequence of this ill
judged tillage ' But the air Contains
the principal store of materials for
the food of plants ; and will impreg
nate the substratum, if exposed a
due length of time ; especially in
winter, when it receives much, and
parts with little ; the heat of the
sun being then feeble, and incapa
ble, of dispelling what the soil re
ceives from the I air. -Those who
object to deep, much more to trench
ploughing, want experience suffi
ciently to test their benefits. They
mismanaged experiments, or have
been in too great haste to crop their
grounds. The substratum may be
exposed, for a time necessary to re
ceive the influences of the atmos.
phere. Indian Corn, with lime, is
by far the best crop, after trenching
particularly ; because it requires th
soil to be constantly stirred and ex
posed. True, there are some soils,
which neither deep nor trench
ploughing will benefit ; and every
Farmer should accommodate his
practice to the natures and qualities
of his soil. Over cropping and shal
low ' ploughing, with " exhausting
crops in succession, frequently cause
overwhelming growths of Sorrel, to
infest ill managed fields. Lime is
the only remedy ; and you will see
in Lord DiwdonabPs Connexion,"
&c. the good effects of lime ; which
destroys sorrel, and produces the 4
sorreline acid, ihighly lnendly to I
wholesome and profitable vegetation.
Ureen sorrel grows, on lenuc sous ;
but the red sorrel is a certain mark
of sterility.
Never sow a foul or weeedy fal
low to save a plouffhine ; or a wet
"one, to save time : nor aow, pr stub
ble in, one chaff-bearing (crop, im
mediately to follow another Such
farmings may succeed for a time,
under particular circumstances ; but
in tne ena it win produce only a
rrnn of rptrrpt. , '
" r w-.
If you are deficient mmowincr
grounds, Oats may be sown on your I
-M 1
fallow, and cut for hay, before ri- I
pemng therseed ; and in such case I
they do not exhaust ; nor does anv I
plant, in this stage of its growth. -
Uats and Indian Corn are sometimes
to be ploughed in, as green tnanure
It is difiicult to dry them for winter
provender. Thistles, or other suc
culent nlant Dloufhed in. fertilize
. f n u i c 1 u
wuucuuuj, ua. icil iuuS cnuui
to lerment, ana become putresent. (
If any covenne crop, tor summer
fallows, which does not exhaust like
Oats', could be suggested, a great
reformation ' ould ensue. I etches
or some such plant might be substi
tuted, if the culture, were better un
derstood. The Heligoland Bean,
verv productive, is now esteemed in
England, as a; cleaning crop to "pro
cecde Wheat; A snrincr cover of
Peas, of a species ripening in time,
is very beneficially used toy precede
wiieat, in the autumn. It the pease
fall, and the crop is likely to fail,
they may beploughed in, as an ex
cellent green manure.
Keep good. Fences, and make and
repair them, when other business is
interrupted. They not only secure
your own crops but ensure the good
will of ivour neighbors, by prevent
ing teazing contests. Let no weeds,
or. nurseries for pests, remain near
tnem ; 1 anu avoid tnrowmg stones
orj other obstructions to the scythe
on the edges of your fields, or moy
ihg grounds. They prevent clean
ing their borders, and afford oppor
tunities of. growing, to . noxious
weeds and other pests ; forming,
finally, scrubby hedge rows, to dis
grace them. ; ;
Be avaricious of vour Timber,
and fence your wood lands, "to pro
tect the young growths. Waste and
negligence in this all. essential arti
cle, soon produce irretrievable want.
Live Fences are becoming more
arid more indispensable ; and those
composed of the (Newcastle Thorn
(cratqzgvs crus gafi,J will be found
the best, for hardihood, durabliity,
constant verdure, -and numbers and
streng'h of the thorns. Live fen
ces, as well as orchards and all fruit
trees, demand the earliest attention ;
and will be growing into - profit,
whilst other improvements are pro
gressing If to the ditch and moun
facedvith stone, which manydeem
the best, (because it affords imme
diate protection both to your hedge
plants and to your .field,) you prefer
plain hedging ; cultivate strips along
your hedge, from year to year, well
manured, and plant potatoes, and
your thorns will thrive luxuriantly.
i-In a few continuations of the po
tatoe culture, you will gradually
reach and invigorate the whole ex
tent of your hedge. Let no person
begin a hedge,' who will not nurse
and foster it, in every stage of its
growth,
(To be, continued.)
FOREIGN.
Latest from Kng!and.
JEW-YORK, AUGUST 26.
By the arrival this forenoon of the
Ship Atlantic, ; Captain Matlack, in 36
days from, Liverpool, whence she sailed
on the evening of the 18th July, the Edi
tors of the Commercial Advertiser have
received from their attend ve Correspon-
dents, London dates to ine. ioxn July,
. w . i tU isth I W)?o nn
anu' Liverpooi w ut x -., wmui
Commercial Shipping Lists to the 14th
and Mvers's Liverpool MercanUle Ad-
vertissr of ihe 17th.
The request of the Qaeen for a cop
of the charges against her, and a Hit of
e witnesses to be furnished ;her, has
been resisted hv the Ministry and refused
by the House of Peers, bv a majority of
The Coronation, it is nnv sniff. ! nnf
likely to take place before the month of
June next. i .
It was supposed that hoth HhIkm nf
Parliament would adjourn on Friday the
21str until the middfe of August.
COUNSEL FOR THE QUEEN.
It was stated in some of the late Fn.
lish papers, that Mr. Brougham intended
10 resign nis seat in ine House of Com-
rnons. that he mioht be enahld tn
n . " v . w&crati
in behalf of her Majesty at the bar of the
House of Lords. On the 12th Mr. JJroug-
,,am brought forward a motion, in the
Uousej that he and xMr. Den man her Alah
jesty's Attorney' and Solicitof-Generaf,
mignt oe allowed to plead at the bar of
the House of Lords, in defence of their
- - ;v . 1 ,
unstress, witiiout vacating their seats.
Some debate ensued. Lord Castlerea?h
did not oppose the motion, and it was al
,v""x' jine permission was
lowed. The SaiflP nprmUsmn u?no ale
grantea.to Dr. Lushington, one of her
Majesty's Counsel, and to tl
the King's At
torney and Solicitor-General. - This ner-
mission is understood to be an excention
to the eeneral rule and is not hermit o?
be taken as a precedent.
1 he following resolutions, in substance
were adopted in the House of Lords." on
the 10th. , ,
1. That the bilFresoectiner the Oueen
be read a second time, on Thursday the
xiu August. . .
2. That this Order be communicated
to the Queen.
3. That on the lth of August, Coun
sel should be heard on both sides, and? '
witnessses examined, previous to the sec
ond reading of the Bill. It was previ
ously observed, that if the day proposed
was inconvenient to the Qneen, her Ma
jesty's Counsel could make application
without delay for further Vime.
4- That Counsel should be heard ou
the second reading of the Bill.
. 5. That tjie Fung's A ttorneyGeneral
be informed of this Resolution;
V That the house should be called
over at ten o'clock in the morning, on
tIie 17th August.- ;
The Lord Chancellor said, on the pas
sing of this Resolution that it was scarce
ly necessary for him to observe that the'
Order would be enforced.
' 7. That no Lord should absent him
self from the House, without leave during
the progress of these proceedings." .
8. That the Lord Chancellor shall
be directed to send letters to all absent
Lords, to Acquaint them that the House
was to be called over on the 17th of Au
gust. ' - " s
The following is the petition of the
Queen, for a list of witnesses, &c.
"Caroline Regina,
" To the Lords spiritual and temporal
in Parliament assembled. .
" The Queen having received infor
mation, that the House of Lords have
appointed the second reading of a bill for
the degradation and divorce of ber Ma
jesty for Thursday the" 17th of August
next, and as it necessary and expedient
lor her defence, that she should be fur
nished with the list of the witnesses to be
produced against her, the Queen desires
such list may be forthwith delivered to
her Majesty's Attorney-General."
Arrangements, it is said, are making
for another meeting of the City of Lon
don, in order to consider the propriety
of presenting a petition and remonstran
ce against the proceedings of the House
of Lords, with respect to her Majesty,
the Queen. It is reportedfthat Middle
esex will meet for the same purpose.
The London Traveller says : Her -Majesty
the Queen is by birth the near
est heir to the throne next after the reign
ing family, and though her succession to
the throne is-highly improbabfe, it is not
impossible. Would it not be a strange
c-vent, if, after degradation and divorce,
tier Alajesty should ascend the throne i9
COUNT PERGAMI.
The following particulars respecting
the Count are extracted from an evening
paper. The firstintroduction of Per
garai to the Queen was one of pure acci
dent. Her Majesty was walking along
the hall in an inn in Italy, when l er
garai, who was there by chance, observ
ed her train entangled, and with great
address and humility stooped ! down la
disengage it. His manner pleased the
Queen, who asked the people of the
House abcut him, and was informed that
u n,n . o .-.iiripr in the service Oi- mn
iu
! Pino. The General, on being sent lor,
f gave the Queen so favourable an account
ofPergami, that her Majesty eiW
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