toenr. WItti Ittch power f al and obvious mo
tives to Union, affesVingall parts of our couiu
try,, while experience Hull not have demon
flrated its fanpraaiabillry, there will always s
fccreafbn to diftrcft the patrioahnor thole,
who in any quarter inay endeavor to weaken-
its bands. ' ' .-'
In contemplating the , caufes which may
diflurb our Union, it occurs as matter of Icnr
ous concern, that any ground ihxuid.nave
been furnifbed for .characterHing.parties by
. Gcczrffpkict I . dilcrmiinatlons A orthtrn and
Southern, Miotic and WijUrn J whence de
fipningmca may endeaycur lu excite a bclxt
, that there is a real diifurence of lottlintcrcU
and views. One of the expedients of party
acquire bfluracc, withm prticuur cm-
rives too much agamtt -i tae, jeaiouacv -im
can burnings which fpringfrom theie mii-
to each oilier thofe who ought to be bourn,
together by fraternal affichbo-.l he. inha
bitants of our wertcrn country' have late.
had a ufeful lelTon on this head : tiey have
feed, in the negation by the executive,- and,
in the unanimous ratification by the denate;v
of the treaty with Spain, and in theunivef s
fal fatisfatio;i at that event, throughout e
Tfntr.,! States, a decilive proof how -unfpund-v
ed were the fufpicioiis propagated; amemg
them of a policy in the general government
and in the Atlantic ftates unfriendly to their
intereOs in regard to- the Mifliffippi : the?
-hive hren witnelTes to the formation of two'
treaties, that with .Great Britain and that
with Spain, which fecure to thein every thing
they could defire, in refpecl: to our foreign
relations, towards confirming their profperi- '
ry. . Will it not be their wiiuora to re y for
the prefervatioa of. thefe; advantages oti the
Union by which they were procured? Will
they not henceforth be deaf to thole advifers
if fuch there are, who (would fever them
from their brethren and conns: then' with
aliens? ....
To the efTicscv and permanency of your U
and
ino
tl ins dirrefted by common councils,
dihed by mutual intereft s. . ;. y - .
riovever 'couiDuiauyu5iriiu.w"wuj v
ah opinion, that parties in (f&?l
ufeful checks uton the admir.U
There is" an
m-int'ri s r.re uleiul checks Ut
franin-ftf the 'Government, : aricHferve 't'cVV.
1,11 II 111 . J M. ;...- v .m - t . .,.;,.-. I ' '..-"
A. i.defafet5oninw-i5QwWiheiiani- -teep alwe e .pin, o.-vj-.-- "n""
v-r . . . in l. .u i v r-.r-r- limits is Trroaoiv,.ururc : axiu ui u-1
fwer conular ends, they are lik
rft?me and things "to become potent
engines jj by which- cuanm ambitious and, j n
unnfincipled- men AVii i be tjuabldd to Subvert . y
the power, of
themfelvs M
trovinn afterwards tee vtry ecg
have hited
Towards
mfrt, land
K?ppy late, it is requlfne. not only that you
ftpndilv difcountenance irregular oppoiitlons
to its;acknbwledged authority, but ai;b. that
youreUit Jth care the-i pint or innovation
upon its principles however fpecious the pre-
ttxt. Une.metnod ot aiiauit may De io
fed id'the forms ot
nti wtiirh will irKC
tpm! and thus to u
n Moiiarchial catt, .Fatriotilin
inay look with hdulgencc, it not with;4a-r
fpirit of party.
(21. Hi .nil . Lii
7 ,
the fJcTJe-, and ro. uiurp, for. But in:tno e oiux uJ6
e reins of oovrnnient, del-, government b-puroy. "" - --p- .
i --. r-Mv r ill rill tun m.1.'. ' . 1 v - , -
ttiem to unmi.;' aorumcn.- ; - i 11 . . v.'.-r.
the p'refervatioa or your troyerrt-, .tnat; ipirt:ioi- cv e, --j-i "Ir -'
the oermaneucv of year, c relent there; tcing conuaiu .ai Sct .-;
irrtlv overthrown. ' In all the chauo-eto
;whJtjh you may be invited,, remember' that
v time and habit are at leaft- as neceifary to fix
rfi- true character of governents, as pi p
thth'human mltnutio!itf-r-that .'experience is
wiu0ti.m1i-rloVll "hVr 4Ni tteO: the real
effort dueht to be, by forv'a cf public opisW'
oil to mitigate ana - imua&c -v -be
quenched ; it demand a iiniforci igilaucq
to prevent its bur ftii:g nito- a fim e,;leit- in
itead cf warmmn it'fhculd confume- ' V
I t Is-'impor cant- iikewi i e, that the habits
mieconltitution aitcraw- .oyinanaiHR-ma ; , - ; .
air the enernv of the fyt cuntion in thoie ennulied. withits;adnum-;v
n,i,;nu-v.'r,nrnrhn I tWt 'ttn ,i torcoiihnr themielves syithm their
"nbii, a government for the whole is indiipen
fiblc ivlo alliances, ho vveyerftrit, between
ttie par nes can be an adequate fubihtu:e ; they
j:;u,k iivivn.j .
interruptions which all allLmc.sjn all times
h r mzrlrnctidJ ' Senfiblc . of this momen-
lthit: fAWt in Vhanoes. noon- the credit
M . u. r.r.v., M , , v
yi 1 jjf live j r 7
y ifpcdally, that foTthe.efScient management
of 'vour cominoa:;tereils ir. a country ur
! extendve as ohrs,; a6y ernmenY qf as niuch ..
vigcur as Vs confillcnt. with ilic1 perfect fecu
rity ot jiberty,. i s indiiperiable. Liberty ir
felf will find hi fuch a ouvcrnment, with
powers properly diiiributeu ar.cl acjuiicd, its
iureJl guardian Itis,inde.;d,littie,cire than
a name, where the government is tea feeble
;to withthnd theeiuerpriiVs qf.. faction, .to
confine' dach .. member of the fociety within
the 'limits, prrfcr.bed by the laws, and to1
maintain all in ,tne fecure and tranquil enjey-
- Hieiit-of the rights of perfon and property,
i have: already -intimated to yon, the dan-.
gT of parties, in "the fiatc; "with, particular
reicrenv to tne foundinfffthcsntn geogra
phical- dcriminatidni
xous trath, you have improved upon your
foil cifay , bv the ad' ption of a conititution
of government better. 'calculated - than : your
former fcxa.i intimate union, and for the" ef-
, lie vcious management of your common concerns.-
This 'government, the offspring of
our own choke, unaiiluenccd and . una wed ,
a Joked "upon full invelligatlon and mature
d.Vr-tion, cocnpfetely,lriC in its pri ' dpks :
i-i the diliribution of its powers, uniting Se
curity with energy, and contaiaing .XyithLii.
itfell a prpvilio l tor id oniaaiehdment, lias
: aloft claim tb your fi!;crt: Ucfpeaforits.
a utliurity, compliance with its laws, acqulef- .
cence in its rhcaiufes, - arft duties ;.ei -joined by.:'
the" ftmdamerital maxims xf true liberty.:;
, Hie bafis of our politic. I fyflenis is tie rights
of the people to make and to alereirrcOnT
;ilitutton$ !of goyernnjcnBa '
t-n,i Ai4VIiar-anVtmex:lis, 4?tlll changed '
people, is facrcdly obligaior upon all. The
very idea of the power and the right of the-,
people to eltabliih government prcfuppofes
the duty of every incUvidual to cbey the eita
bliedcTovernment. ' , t. ; ,: :
-All obltruclions to the execution 'of the
laws , all combina tidn s and afibciatloiis , under ;
whatever plauiibl e cljaracl er, with ('the real
dOn to direel, controhlcbunteracr, or awe :
the, regular deliberatioii and acYion of the '
ccillituted authorities, are deClruclive of this
fundamental principle,: and of fatal; tenden
is ; They ferve to organije faclion, to give ,
an artificial and extraordinary . force to
put in the place of the cleligated will of the:
nation, the wUl dfaparfy,. often a fmaU but
artful and enterprizing minority of the com
niunity ; and according to the alternate tri
mnK of dliTerent parties to makeLthe pub-
ed and incongruous projects of faclion rather,
than the organ of confident and wholcfeme
i-ct mc now take a
riipedv conSatntionul fpheres, avoiding in
f .f vprr:1i Ot tne paw ci one utrpdt.--
ment to encroach upon another:- Theipi-,
Fit OIencrOaCuniCiJt icjitia iuvwigiiii..1mw ;
m oxvtrs of all the departments itr djie, aha";;
thtis to create, hateveff the iomt ct govern- .
ihent, a real- depotilm.: A juit eitimatejor ;
thyt love of pov. s.iy a: d prouei;eis c m iibufe1 ,
it WHICH prCUCtfJiiUJtC3 in cwv-SAiufauaif iivu ,
tolitlcnJ I he ncdflity cf reciprocal chckii
-in tie excrcne ci pouiiui pvu 3 vy uvu-
ingar.d dillributir.gifintq different depofiio;
ries, and conftitutm g each the Guardian jot
the Public Weal againlt.invafions by the o
thcrs, has been evmccd by experiments an:
cicnt and modern : lctce 01 112cm in ouroy,n
t,cuntpy and ui-dt r cur on yes. jl o pre
iirve them mult as ncjccflary as to mititute;
them.'"- If, in the opinion, of the People,,thts :
diiirilutidn or mcdifx-tibn ol Ust conititUti
' onal-powers bd in:ny partictlar rong,': let
HUC.U'nv- ";,. - --- ---- ;-jr y
"Which r'ths cor.ftituticn defignates, .But Jet',
thcr-e be no change by ufurpaticn-; for .tho
this in oiieiriance, may be the inllrumejit
Cf oocd, h is'the cullcm ary v. tapen by vhicli1 '
ire e tm fmme'nts irc dt lUovco. s 1 lie
pre-
. ctdent mult always rrcntly overbalance in
c'orcprchehi tve .view ana warn you mi he molt permaru evil any partwi or trnnuent cene
foltmn manner agiuiiit the, baneful ejects of j lie vthich the ufe can at any-time yield,- j i
the fpirit of party, neutrally. .f J Cf aH.thc cifpcfitions aiid habits which lead
iqll governments, ! ibould ktbt.ur to iubvert tbefe great pUl2i-;
nled-orrenrtiTed : f ci human fcacpineis.-thefe firmed preps cf the .
'... . . - ,.J.'V,-. - , .k it. I rr 1 . t..,... , . ,.
1 under diiferen t fiiapes in
more cr Itis itiiied. control
but in thofe pf the popular form, it isieen in j duties of An.and Citizl1' s. . 1 he mere oj
t ! UtiCian, , e cudU ytfnn tne pious . man ougnU'
its greateli ranknefs,. and is tr uly their w crit j
; v The alternate domination cf one faction
over another, fharpened by the fpirit cf rc-
vehge, natural to party diflentions, ydiklfin
different ages and countries haspefpetrated
the mell horrid enorjnJtiesTis iticli "a fright
ful defpotiim. Bufthisr leads aHength to
a mcreermal and permanent deipotum.
e difcrdeils and mife ries, which reiult.
rraduallv incline the niinds of men to feck
iecurity and repofe in the ; ablolute power -of
an: individual : and fooner: or later the
chiei ot iome prevailing taction . more able
or : more fortunate than iliis competitors,
turns his difpofition to the.purpofes of his
own elevation, on the ruins of Public Liberty-
::!'' -. ; :;'
Without looking forward to an extremU
ty ofthhkind (Vhich neverthelefs ought not
to be entirely out of light) the common and ,
continual milchiefs of tne fpirit of party arie
fuflieient to make it the intereft and dtity of
a wife People to difcourage and.reflrain it: .
'. It feryes-; always to diltracl the .Public
.Councils aiicl enfeeble the iPublic Admiai-;
flratian. It agitates the Coramhnitj' with
iiL founded jealoufies andfalfe alarms ; kin- .
dies, the animoijty: of one part againft ana; :
'ther foments occafibnally riot and infurrec
tion.;v It opens thedoor- to foreign influence
' and corruptioni which find a facilitated accefs
to tlie-government itfelf thro the; channels .
or party nations. ,.ilius,the pphcy-and the:
?f. one country taretubjecle the policy
and will of another. ' i
to reipecjand ci-eriin tiiem. p J volume
ccuioVnot trace all heir connecliohs with
-pp-vyte and public felicity..-, Let, it be limply'
. nikcd where is the Iecurity 'for property for
reputation for. life, if the lenie of religious )
obligation dtjeri the oaths, which are the in
ilrqments of invefiigstion in Coui ts-,ot J uf
tice I and let us with cs.utkm irdulge the-,
iuopbtidon, ihat.moralitvcah be maintairjfetl
without . religion j vv h: tcver may be conce
ded to the intlucnce of refined education 1 oil;,
minds cf peculiar fiructare reafon and ei- -pcrience
both forbid us to expe5i that nation--,
al morality can prevail --in txclufion of reii-.
muus nrinciples ' ' . . . 1 -
t ' 9 i is'fubilantially true, that virtue or mo-;
-mer'tli - Th rule indf.Kl extend w'rttrTf.rire
crlefs force to every fnecics cf free coverri- '
ment. Who, that is-a-finccre friend tbit. can ,
Iol; yntUFercucupo!nattenipWofcake':
thfoundation pf the iabric ?-J ' : y': ; V'
- '"'Promote, ;thcn .as an objtcc or primary ;
4nportance-tiuiiiiuticns for thef general dif-
. futiort of krpwledgc in - -proportion' s 1 the
flruclure of 'government oives force topub:
i ! - . I I . ; ... 1 ... J . .. .... JL. J
licopur.on, it is thentiai'tnat puuiicopiuiou :
. fhculd be enlightened'- ' ' ' ;
Asa V er v imn or ta n f fpu rce of fir en tnh slid
- i ' ' . .. . ..... ...s.. , . .
r fecuf hy,1 cheriili public credit. v:One method-.
of preierymg ins" to. ufe it as fparmgry ,a
pofiiole avoiding cccalions of epence jby .
cultivatihcr reace. but remcmberintr alfo that ,
timey drfberfements. to prepare' for danger ;
: frequentlyprevent much greater cbfburfe-