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THOMAS & C AMPBELL,
RALEIGH. N. C.
THOMAS JEFFERSON.
(Continued From Second Page.)
party, and with the compliments and
plaudits of his countrymen. Even his
enemies were forced to admit that his,
correspondence with < lenet had exhibi
ted tin* highest order of ability, and
had shown him to he both patriot and
statesman.
In > be was called from Mouticello
to become Vice-President. Mr. Adams
having received in the Electoral College
seventy-one votes and Mr. Jefferson
sixty-eight, which resulted, as the Con
stitution then provided, in making the
former Pre-adent and the latter Vice-
President of the Cnitcd States.
To the duties of this office he brought
the same industry and learning as to
every other position.
When a young lawyer, beginning his
public career as a member of the Vir
ginia House of Burgesses, he had adopt
ed the practice of noting down in a
small leather-hound volume rules and
precedents in parliamnetary Jaw, and
upon this as a basis he now prepared
his “Manual of Parliamentary Practice,”
the highest authority in legislative pro
ceedings known to the civilized’ world.
Pit ESI PENT.
In the meantime the Federalists and
Republicans were marshalling their
forces for the Presidential contest of
ISUO. The conservative and mediatory
influence of Washington had been with
drawn. and party spirit raged untramell
ed.
The press was in the hands of the
Federalists, and Jefferson the mark at
which till their arrows were aimed. He
was pictured as an atheisr, libertine, a
monster in human form. One of the
favorite charges against him was that
he was an ally of Napoleon Bonaparte,
the Corsican tyrant. The political
preacher had already appeared in flu*
Presidential canvass, and although not.
so alliterative as in modern times, was
equally as sensational.
The great preacher then In New York
was I)r. John Mason, and he was
shocked beyond measure to find from
the “Notes on Virginia” that Jefferson
had doubts as to there having been a
universal deluge. Some days before
live election Dr. Mason published a
pamphlet entitled. ‘-The Voice of Warn
ing to Chri-iinns on the Ensuing Elec
tion,” in which he exclaimed: “Christian!
It is tints that tt man whom you are
expected to elevate to the chief magis
tracy in-ults yourself and your Bible.”
We can imagine what sort of parti
san this reverend politician must have
bitii when we learn that Jn one of his
sermons he paused and with uplifted
hands and eyes burst, into prayer:
“Send us. if Thou wilt, murrain upon
our cattle, a famine upon our land,
cleanness of teeth in our borders: send
ns pestilence to waste our cities; send
us, if it pleases Thee, the sword to
bathe itself in the blood of our sons,
but spare us. Lord Cod Most Merciful,
spare us that curse—most dreadful
of all curses an alliance with Napoleon
Bonaparte.”
A- lie uttered these words the blood
gushed' from his nostrils, but putting
his handkerchief to his face he then
waved it aloft as if a bloody banner
in the coming contest.
'I .trough all this scandal and vitupera
tion. temporal and ecclesiastical, the
people, as they always do. discerned
■the true issue, and the Republicans
wire successful. Jefferson and Burr
each received seventy-three votes
the Electoral College to sixty-flve for
Adams, sixt.v-fonr for Pinckney, and one
for Jay; and after some weeks of great
excitement the House of Representatives
ratified the will of the people by making
Jefferson President and Burr Vice-Presi
<.ent. The alien ami sedition laws had
done their work, and the first Republican
administration assumed control of the
Govern an to.
The new President rode to the Capitol
on horsenack, hitched his steed to the
palings, an i or.icily took the oath of
office. The.* was no procession, no in
auguration no show and parade. Right
or wrong, this was Jefferson's idea of a
lb pat lie, and the commencement of a
Republican administration.
During the administrations of Wash
ington and Adams the absurd custom of
Congress living opened ivy the President
with a personal address hud been adopted
in imitation of the English system hut
Jefferson quietly transmitted his mes
sage ui writing, and sudi has Lien the
custom ever since.
He also refused to hold weekly levees,
where a mob of sweating and uncom
fortable people, in tawdy finery, torture
each other and the President until life
becomes a burden, but this travesty on
common sense hits since returned to
plague the Chief Executive and disgust
the sensible public.
Jefferson sought to simplify the Gov
ernnicnt end relieve il from the display
and extravagance by wlvch monarchy
aimed to dazzle the peoj le and conceal
the outrages inflicted upon them. The
trinity of his political faith was a strict
construction of the Constitution, econo
my in expenditures, mid honest men in
office.
His inaugural on March the 4th, 1801,
should be treasured with Washington's
Farewcil Address.
“Equal and exact justice to men of
whatever state or persuasion, religions or
political, peace, commerce and honest
friendship with till nations, entangling al
liances with i> r.e; the support of the
State Governments im all their rights, as
iho mot competent administration for
our domestic concerns, and the surest
bulwarks against anti republican tenden
cies; the preservation of the general gov
ernment m its whole constitutional vigor
as the sheet anchor of our peace at home,
and safety abroad; a jealous care of the
election by the people •■•a mild and safe
corrective of abn-es, which arc lopped
by the sword of revolution, when pence
aide remedies are unprovided; absolute
acquiescence in the decision of tile nut
jority, the vital principle of Republics
from which there is no appeal but to
force, the vital principle and immediate
source of despotism: a well disciplined
militia, our lvst reliance in peace and
for the first moments of war, till regular*
may relieve them; the supremacy of the
civil over the military authority; econo
my in the public expense that labor may
be Lightly burdened; the honest payment
of our debts and sacred preservation of
TIIE NEWS AND OBSERVER, SENDA-Y MORNING, JUNE 2r», 1800.
Cash or Credit.
the pul Tic faith; encouragement of agri
culture, and of commerce as its hand
maid; the diffusing information and tin
arraignment of ail abuses at the bar of
public reasons; freedom of religion: free
dom of the press; freedom of persons un
der tin* protection of tin* habeas corpus,
and trial by juries impartially selected."
The first important act of Mr. Jeffer
son's administrate >n was to dispatch
three frigates and one stoop of our small
navy to the Mediterranean, for the pur
pose of overawing the Algerine pirates
and terminating their dating attacks
upon American commerce.
When Minister to France, lie had
been annoyed and irritated by the fact
that the Fnited States and other nations
were compelled to pay tribute to these
buccaneers. One bill scut to Mr. Jef
ferson for the ransom of an American
crew was as follows:
For three captains, sG,(iof) each, $lB.-
0D0; for two mates, $1,(100 each, $8,000;
for I wo* passengers, $4,000 each. $8,000;
for fourteen seamen, $1,400 each. $1!).-
(500; total, 000.
Jefferson was determined that, this sia
tional disgrace should be obliterated, and
history shows lmw well and thoroughly
the gallant Decatur carried out the in
structions of his chief.
1 tie most splendid achievement of Jef
ferson's administration, however, was
the acquisition by purchase from Na
poleon of the Louisiana Territory, which
extended our limits from ocean to ocean
and gave us the month of the Mississippi.
When the treaty was signed at Paris,
Mr. j.ivingstone, one of the Commission
ers. said:
“We have lived long, but this is the
noblest work of our whole lives. The
treaty which we have just signed has
not been obtained by art nor dictated by
force. It will change vast solitudes into
flourishing districts, and front ibis day
the United States take their place among
the powers of tin- first rank. . . The
instruments which we have just signed
will cause no tears to be shed. They
prepare ages of happiness for innumer
able generations of human creatures.
“The Mississippi and Missouri will see
them succeed one another and multiply,
truly worthy of the regard and can- of
Providence, in the bosom of equality, tin
der just, laws, freed from the errors of
superstitiition and had government.”
“If to the dead it be permitted to care
for the things of this world,” with what
satisfaction must the spirit of Jefferson
to-day look down upon this vast domain
acquired by his patriotic foresight: a
land of plenty, filled with happy homes,
and temples devoted to education, science
and art, such as this in which we now
assemble!
After acquiring Louisiana, including
tin* vast region stretching to the Pacific,
Mr. Jefferson's next object was to ascer
tain the nature and resources of these
possessions, mid for this nnrpose the, ev
ocdi'timt. of Lewis and Oark left St.
Emin in 1805, came up the Missouri, and
for two years, four months and ten days
was lost to civilization, and exposed to
danger and hardships, the recital of
which omuls tin* stories of romance.
Not many months after the acquisition
of Louisiana, intelligence reached tin*
President of Hie treasonable design
of Aaron Burr to seize upon tin*
mouth of tin* Mississippi, invade
Mexico, and establish a Southwestern
empire. Alter the death of Hamilton,
Burr had served out his term, as Vice-
President, presiding at the impeachment
ttial of Judge Chase, and then find
ting his public career ended, his restless
ambit ion had conceived the scheme
which ruined Biennerhnssett. and made
himself tin outcast and wanderer.
Party rancor attempted at the time to
make Burr it martyr and Jefferson a
tyrant, but impartial history has long
since entered tin* judgment that the
President was right, and that Burr was
guilty of the designs attributed to
hill).
The latter part of Jefferson's second
t< nn was clouded with the prospect
of war with England, and with the dis
tress caused hy the Embargo, which lie
enforced to the end of his administra
tion. in the hope of averting an expen
sive ami ruinous conflict, of arms.
lit 180!I, with the country four times
greater in resources and territory than
in 1800. his second term as President
closed, and after forty-four years pub
lic service lie transferred the Govern
ment to his friend. James Madison,
and wt tit hack to .Mouticello. and to tile
labor of love, which had been amongst
the dreams of his early ambition. His
whole energies were now devoted to es
tablishing tin* University of Virginia,
upon a system singularly illustrative of
that equality and liberty which formed
the leading characteristic of Jefferson's
life and opinions. Tire University dif
fers from other American colleges in
these particulars: There is no president,
anil all the professors are of equal rank
except that one of them is elected chair
man of the faculty. The University is
simply a group of schools, and the stu
dent chooses himself tin* studies lie .elects
to pursue. Unlike other institutions, j
there is no rule requiring a student i
to attend religions exercises. but his
conduct in this regard is governed en
tirely l»y Lis own sense of right.
The ruling idea in every detail is an
absence of coercion, and an appeal to
manhood and conscience.
Jefferson lived seventeen years after
the close of his public career, and j
his last hours wen* embittered by the
pressure of debts which he was unable
to satisfy. His splendid library, a por
tion of it left him by George "Wythe, was
sold to tin* United States, and he was
finally compelled to ask tin* Legislature
of Virigina to 'authorize him to dispose
of his lands hy lottery, in order to
meet the harassing liabilities upon him.
Although an exact man, Jefferson
practiced the hospitality which prevailed
in Virginia everywhere at that time,
ami lie had never learned the modern
methods hy which tt public officer can
in .a few years become it millionaire
upon*‘a small salary. When he left
Washington City he was forced to l»or
row ten thousand dollars to pay debts
contracted for household expenses, and
whilst we may deprecate the style of liv
ing which necessitated such outlay, we
must admire the integrity that procured
the money to meet the debt hy a mort
gage upon Mouticello, rather than by
a raid upon the public treasury.
On July the 4th, 182(5, as* the accen
tuating cannon and the glad acclaim
of a free people saluted the birthday
AT COST
While they Last,
The Summer Season is upon
us and here are some lines we
are closing out. You can't af
ford to miss this opportunity.
»
Matting, Carpets, Re
frigerators, Ice-Cream
Freezers, Lamps, Mir
rors, Hammocks, Lace
Curtains,All Lawn Goods
Window Shades, Baby
Carriages.
J of American Independence. Jefferson's
1 life ended peacefully and serenely at
. MouticelJo. On the same day at his
j heme in Massachusetts, John Adams
passed away.
No longer rivals nor political oppo
nents. they met together the last
enemy of ail our race.
Gentlemen of the Jefferson Club, you
have taken the name and are pledged
to the principles of him who established
the Democratic pnpty. No responsibility
can be greater, for tin* defeat or these
principles and the destruction of tin*
organization ha soil upon them, means
the end of free institutions upon this
continent.
We hear now strange doctrines from
some who claim to he Democrats. We
are tohl that if flu* party fails to de
clare in its National Flat form for af
firmative action on a single issue, its
members should desert the flag and
“follow after strange gods."
No Democrat, who honestly reveres
tin* doctrines and teachings of Jeffer
son. can be a Republican or I'opulist.
The Republican party of today is the
lineal political descendant of the old
Federalists, and holds t<> the doctrine of
Hamilton, that this is a Government of
unlimited powers, and that Congress can
do anything it deems necessary for the
gt neral welfare.
The Populists believe that the Gov
ernment is a great eleemosynary institu
tion, and that it should support the peo
ple, instead of the people supporting
the Government.
The Democratic party holds that there
should be no partnership between the
Government and any individual or class,
but that til! tlic benefits and burdens of
the Government should be equally and
justly distributed, every citizen being
protected in life, liberty and property,
and made the architect of his own for
tune.
It holds' that nil property should in*
taxed in proportion to tin* protection re
ceived from tin* Government; and it does
not believe in the system under which
Mr. Vanderbilt pays no more upon: his
hundreds of millions to stiport the Na
tional Government, than does tin* poor
est citizen who must in war risk life and
limb to protect these millions.
The Democratic party is national, mot
sectional, and cannot exist on one issue.
It is coexistent with the whole Union
and with the autonomy of our Govern
ment.
You may believe in the single gold
standard and I in the free coinage of
silver at the ratio of 1(1 to 1, hut if
we art* Jeffersonian Democrats, then* I
is no other political home for ns than
the old party which has existed for a
hundred years in peace and war, sun
shine and shadow, in every Township,
County and State of tin* entire Union.
To abandon this party now because
of difference on one question In a Na
tional Convention is to desert the flag
in the face of an enemy because a coun
cil of war has blundered in directing
the campaign.
The Democratic party is the only ob
stacle to tile supremacy of tin* Federal
ist ideas of Hamilton, atld the man who
deserts its (lag gives aid and comfort
to those who malign tin* character and
teachings of Jefferson.
No greater calamity could come to
tliis country or tin* world than the
disruption of the great organization
which was founded by the author of the
Declaration of American In depend mice.
Upon the canvass of the past, Wash
ington and Jefferson stand forth the
central figures in our struggle for Inde
pendence. The character of the former
was so rounded and justly proportioned,
that so long as our country lives, or a
single community of Americans can he
found. Washington w ill be "First, in war,
first in peace, and first in tire hearts of
his countrymen.”
To Washington we are more indebted
■than to any one man for national exist
ence, Imt what availed tin* heroism of
Bunker Hill, tile sufferings of Valley
Forge, or the triumph of Yorktown. if
the Government they established bad
been but an imitation of the monarchy
from which we had septa rated?
To Jefferson we owe eternal gratitude
for his sublime confidence in popular gov
ernment, and bis unfaltering courage in
defending at ail time and in all places,
the greatli truth, that “All governments
derive their just powers from the con
sent of the governed.”
The love of liberty is found not in
palaces, but with the poor and oppress
ed. It flutters in the heart of tin* caged
bird, and sighs with the worn and wast
ed prisoner in his dungeon, it has gone
with 'martyrs to the stake, and kissed
their burning lips ns the tortured spirit
Avinged its flight to God!
In the temple of this diety Jefferson
was high priest!
For myself, I worship no mortal man
living or dead: but if 1 could kneel at
such a shrine, it would be with uncover
ed head and loving heart at the grave of
Th ontos ,Teffersoai.
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3