Newspapers / The Chatham Record (Pittsboro, … / Jan. 16, 1879, edition 1 / Page 4
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Skill -d Labor. American agric limre is undergoing a rapid change. T.ie capital invested in it is increasing more rapidly than in any other industry. The cheap lands with poor dwellings, occupied by the pioneers, have become well-tilled farms with buildings costing three times as much as the original value of the land. The sickle, scythe and cradle have yiven place to the mower and reaper. Most farm operations are done by ma chinery which requires some mechani cal skill to manage. The evident ten dency is to work larger farms, the operations of which the owner can oniy superintend, the labor being almost wholly hired. It costs less, in proportion, to work two hundred thau one hundred acres, and still less as the farm grows larger, provided the labor is skillfully directed. And the more machinery is substituted for hand labor, the stronger will be this tendency to absorb the smaller into the larger farms. This has been the result in Great Britain, and it is not likely to be avoided in the United States. Ve be lieve it would be better for the indi vidual independence of the farmers if the small holdings might continue, in stead of their being aggregated to gether, and the present proprietors, more or less, becoming laborers. This result cannot be avoided, except by co operation in the purchase of machinery to work small farms. But this chauge is strongly demand ing the substitution of skilled labor on the farm for the very unskilled labor at present employed. One of the great est impediments to the successful carrying on of farming on a large scale, is the fact that there are no skilled laborers in the market. Farm ing has been carried on in this country so much at haphazard, and with so lit tle order and system, that a laborer, when he can find nothing else to do, or succeeds at nothing else, offers his ser vices to the farmer. On the farm he regards success as certain. The conse quence is that the laborers are entirely unskilled in the parts they are perform ing, and unless directed by unusual activity and knowledge, the work must be badly done. It requires skill every where in farming skill to lay out a field for the plow, to turn a fine straight furrow, to put it in tine tilth for the seed, to sow the seed accurately; skill in cutting and curing grass, in harvesting grain; still greater skill in raising and feeding animals; skill in milking and managing cows; skill in all the opera tions of the dairy. Indeed, what opera tion in agriculture does not require skill And yet a large part of all these operations is carried on by laborers new to the business, and who perform them in the clumsy way of novices, at wages which in Europe are only paid skilled mechanics. Perhaps this ex plains why the farmers' profits are all gone when he hires the labor to carri on his farm. The manufacturer never carries on business with such unskilled Tabor. His workmen have served a regular ap prenticeship at the various branches of his manufacture, and he can estimate with a reasonable certainty the profit upon each workman. The English farmer stands on as favorable ground as the manufacturer, having skilled labarera at his command, and can make a reasonably certain calculation upon the result of their labor. The English plowman serves an apprenticeship at this moift important specialty from the time he is old enough to reach the plow-handles till he becomes an ex pert; while the American farm hand thinks he can perform this skilled operation without any previous prac tice! The American farm-hand makes up in assurance what he lacks in prac tical knowledge. But assurance, how ever important in desperate enter prises, will never lay a straight and eveu furrow. The American farmer is, no doubt, saved from even greater losses through unskilled labor, because a large percentage of his labor is done by machinery, which works much more perfectly than the unskilled hand. But the cost of wear and tear of machines operated by unskilled hands, is much greater than if they were run by ex perts. It is evident that the changed con dition of our agriculture must soon compel the employment of skilled hands, and these skilled hands must be educated before they can be employed. Agricultural laborers are composed too largely of a floating, unsettled class, and this must be changed before amendment in the degree of skill can be expected. They must be composed ot a class with settled and definite ends and aims, who are educated to the business as earnestly as mechanics. With such assistance agriculture will attract capital and afford it a safe in vestment. Skilled labor is the imme diate demand of the future in agricul ture. liuralXew Yorker. Ashes Beneficial to Cattle. One of our substantial subscribers, in a recent conversation, gave his expe rience in treating neat stock aftected with the habit of eating wood, chewing bones, etc. His cattle were one spring affected in this way; they became thin in flesh, refused to eat hay, and pre sented a sickly appearance. He put four bushels of leached ashes in his barnyard and threw out to them a shovelful every day. They all ate it with evident relish. After turning them out to pasture he put a peck of ashes per week upon the ground in the pasture. They ate it all up, and gnawed off where it had been lying. The cattle began to improve, gaining flesh and looking better than they had for several years. He now gives one quart of ashes, mixed with the same quantity of salt, to twelve head of cattle, about once a we k, and finds it to agree with them wonderfully. Household Receipts. Lead Pipe. Clean lead pipes lead ing from wash-bowls by pouring down them a strong solution of potash dis solved in hot water. Don't get the mixture on the hands or clothing. It destroys all animal matter, hair, etc., and saves employing a plumb. Soft Soap. Three-quarters of a pound of washing soda and a pound of brown soap cut in small pieces; put them in a large stone jar on the back of the range, when the range is not very hot, and pour over it a pailful of cold water, stir it once in a while, and after some hours, when thoroughly dissolved, put it away to cool. It forms a sort of jelly, and is excellent to remove greasfi on floors or shelves. Dyspepsia. A simnle and effectual remedy for dyspepsia is to abstain lrom drinking immediately belore and during meals, and for an hour after ward. To Kemove ink stains, wash the cloth thoroughly iu milk, then in hot water with soap, and the stains will disappear. POMMES DE TERKE FoRSCEE. Mince fiuely some cold meat, and season; pick out your largest potatoes, peel and core them, only be careful not to core them through; nil as lull as you can with minced meat, and put into a dish to bake, with about a cupful of water, aud a little butter or good drip ping of beef. If large, an hour is re quired to bake them; if not, one-half that time does. To Preserve Eggs. Put some lime in a large vessel and slack it with boiling water until it Is of the consist ency ot thin cream; you may use a gallon of water to a pound of lime; when it is cold pour it off into a large stone jar, put in the eggs and cover closely. . See that the eggs are well covered with the lime water, and lest they should break, avoid moving the jar. It will be well to renew the lime water occasionally. Directions for "WAsnrxo Wool ens. If you do not wish to have white flannels shrink when washed, make a good suds of hard soap and wash the flannels in it, without rub bing any soap on them; rub them out i n another suds, then wring them out of it and put them in a clean tub and turn on sufficient boiling water to cover them and let them remain till the water is cold. A little indigo in the boiling water makes the flannels look nicer. If you wish to have your white flannels shrink, so as to have them thick, wash them in soft soap suds and rinse them in cold water. Colored woolens that incline to fade should be washed with beef's gall and warm water before they are put in the soap-suds. Importance of a Clean Skin. Most of our invalids are such, and millions of more healthy people will become invalids, for the want of "pay ing the most ordinary attention to" the requirements of the skin. The mem brane is too often regarded as a cover ing only, instead of. a complicated piece of machinery, scarcely second in its texture and sensitiveness to the ear and eye. Mana treat it with as little reference to its proper functions as if it were nothing better than a bag for their bones. It is this inconsidera tion for the skin that is the cause of a very large proportion of the diseases of the world. If; as claimed by some scientists, four-filths, in the bulk, of a!l we eat and drink must either pass oil' through the skin or be turned back upon the system as a poison, and that life depends as much upon these ex halations through the skin as upon in haling pure air through the lungs, it must be of the most vital importance to keep the channel free. Mwtttific. Sympathetic Inks. The Scientific American prints the following article: Under the name of svmuathetic inks are designated certain liquids which, oeing used tor writing, leave no visible traces on the paper, but which, through the agency of heat or by the action of chem.cals, are made to appear in vari ous colors. The use of buch means for secret correspondence is very ancient. wiu, rimy, ana other Koman writers speak of an ink of this kind, w hich, however, was nothing more than fresh milk. It merely sufficed to dust pow dered charcoal over the surface of the paper upon which characters had been traced with the colorless fluid, when the black powder adhered only to those places where the fatty matter of the milk had spread. Such a process, how ever, was merely mechanical, and the results very crude. "A great number of sympathetic inks may be obtained by means of re actions known to chemistry. For in stance, write on paper with a colorless solution of sugar of lead; if the water that is used for the solution be pure, no trace of the writing will remain when it becomes dry. Stow hold the paper over a jet of sulphuretted hydro gen, and the characters will immedi ately appear on the paper, of an intense black color. The following recipes for inks of this kinds are more simple: If writing be executed with a dilute solu tion of sulphate of iron, the invisible characters will appear of a beautiful blue, if the dry paper be brushed over with a pencil full of a solution of yellow prussiate of potash; or thev will be black, if a solution of tannin be substi tuted for the prussiate. If the charac ters be written with a solution of sul phate of copper, they will at once trrn blue on exposing to the vapors of ammonia. Another sympathetic ink is afforded by chloride of gold, which becomes of a reddish purple when acted upon by a salt of tin. A red sympathet ic ink may be made in the following manner: Write with a very dilute solution of perchloride of iron so dilute, indeed, that the writing will be invisible when dry. By holding the paper in the vapor arising from a long necked glass flask containing sulphuric acid and a few drops of a solution of sulpho-cyanide of potassium, the char acters will appear of a blood-red color, which will again disappear on submit ting them to the vapors of caustic ammonia. This experiment can be re peated ad infinitum. "During the war in India some years ago, important correspondence was carried on by the English by means pf the use of rice water as a writing fluid. On the application of iodine the des patches immediately appeared in blue characters. "Sympathetic inks which are de veloped under the influence of heat only are much easier to use than the foregoing. The liquids which possess such a property are very numerous. Almost every one perhaps knows that if writing be executed on paper with a clean quill pen dipped in onion or tur nip juice, it becomes absolutely invisi ble when dry; and that when the paper is heated the writing at once makes its appearance in characters of a brown color. All albuminoid, mucilaginous and saccharine vegetable juice makes excellent sympathetic inks; we may cite, as among the best, the juices of lemon, orange, apple and pear. A dilute solution of chloride of copper used for writing is invisible until the paper is heated, when the letters are seen of a beautiful yellow, disappearing again when the heat that developed them is removed. The salts of cobalt, as the acetate, nitrate, sulphate and chloride, possess a like property. When a dilute solution of these salts is used as an ink, the writing, although in visible when dry, becomes blu when exposed to heat. The addition of chloride of iron, or of salt of nickel, renders them green, and this opens the way for a very pretty experiment: If a winter landscape be drawn in India ink, and the sky be painted with a wash of cobalt alone, and the branches of the trees be clothed with leaves executed with a mixture of cobalt 'and nickel, and the snow-clad earth be washed over with the same mixture, a magic transformation at once takes place on the application of heat, the winter landscape changing to a summer scene. "There is a well-known proprietary article sold in Paris under the name of "Encre pour les Dames" (ink for ladies). Hager, in a recent scientific journal, states that this consists of an aqueous solution of iodide of starch, and is "specially intended for love let ters." In four weeks characters writ ten with it disappear, preventing all abuse of letters, and doing away with all documentary evidence of any kind in the hands of the recipient. The signers of bills of exchange who use this ink are of course freed from all ob ligations in the same length of time." Ijtwwtous. Why is a nursery a good place for dancing? Because it is a regular bawl room. When a policeman finds a man full he takes him to the station-house and his friends bail him out. What is sweeter than a sugar house? Why, a young ladies' seminary4 when it is full of lasses. "Is this the Adams House?" asked a stranger of a Bostonian. "Yes," was the reply, ''It's Adam's house until you get to the roof; then it's eaves." A consequential young fop asked an aged country sexton if the ringing of a bell did not put him in mind of his latter end. "No. sir." reDlied the grim old grave-digger; "but the rope puts me in mind of yours." A courtly nesrro recentlv sent a re ply to an invitation, in which he "re gretted that circumstances repugnant to the requiescence would prevent his acceptance of the invite." Xot over one nerson in three baa legs of equal length, and every man should be nosted on the relative lpnnrt.li of his limbs that he may know which one to use for short and which one for Ions; kicking. "Will the boy who threw that pep per on the stove please come un here and get a present of a nice book?" said a school teacher in Iowa; but the boy never moved. He was a far-seeing boy. "My dear Julia," said one prettv i girl to another, "can you make up your j mina to marry that odious Mr. Snuin"' "Why, mydear Mary," replied Julia, I i believe 1 could take lam at a mc." When some one was lamenting Foote's unlucky fate in being kicked in Dublin, Johnson said: "He is rising in the world. When he was in England no one thought it worth while to kick him." "Do vou see this stick, sir?"" said a very stupid acquaintance to Svdnev Smith. "This stick has been all round the world, sir." "Indeed!" said the re morseless bvdnev. "And vet it is onlv a stick." A modest rinsr at the door-boll of :i house on Brady stieet called the lady to the door vesterdav to discover a tranin. who, to her great astonishment, pulled off his hat as he said: "Madam, did a biir tramp with one eye call here to-day?" "l es about an hour asro. she re plied. "His breath smelt of onions, didn't it?" "Yes. terriblv " "And he asked for mince iin and cold beef tongue, didn't he." les. he did. I never saw amove impudent fellow." "Well, madam. I am following him around to tell the people just what sort of a fellow he is. Don't you give him a mouthful not even a drink of water." "But VOU look like a tramn. too." she observed. "Well. I is one. ma'am, lint. T don't eat onions, and I never ask for mince pie. ivu i wants is a slice ot bread with a bone on it, and if they dips the bone in vinegar first so much the better. Those of us who sleen in thp. old st.rn w- stack back here wants to give families a cnance to get tnrough the winter, while that ere nhan with nnn pvp. nishpa around and demands the very luxuries oi Kings anu queens. uorrt encourage him, ma'am; he can't appreciate good wittles after he gets 'em." Free Tl xrress. "No," the honest farmer remarked in tones of the deepest dejection, "the big crops don't do us a bit of good. v nat s the user' Corn only thirty cents. Everybody and everything's dead set agin the farmer. Only thirty cents for corn I Why, by gum, it won't pay our taxes, let alone buy us clothes. It won't buy us enough salt to put up a barrel of pork. Corn only thirty cents! By jocks, it's a livin, cold-blooded swindlejpn the farmer, that's what it is. It ain't worth raisin' corn for such a price as that. It's a mean, low rob bery." Within the next ten days that man had sold so much more of his corn than he had intended, that he found he had to buy corn to feed through the winter with. The price nearly knocked him down. "What!!!" he veiled. thirty cents for cornl Land alive thirty cents! What are you givin us? Why, I don't want to buy your farm. I only want some corn. Thirty cents for cornl Why, I believe there's no body left in this world but a set of graspin', blood-suckin' old misers. Why, good land, you don't want to be able to buy a national bank with one corn crop! Thirty cents for corn! Well, 1. 11 let my cattle and horses run on cornstalks all winter before I'll pay any such an unheard-oi outrageous price for corn as that. Why, the country's flooded with corn, and thirty cents a bushel is a blamed robbery, and I don't see how any man, lookin' at the crop we've had, can have the face to ask such a price." Haiokeye. The sickles found by Belzoni under the pedestal of the Sphynx, at Karnac. near Thebes, the blades which Wyse found imbedded in the wall of the Great Pyramid, and the piece of a saw which Layard dug up at Nimroud, are the old est known pieces of wrought iron in the world. They are treasured in the Brit ish Museum. REVOLUTIONS IN TRADE. In one of Marryat's most healthy novels a warrant officer is introduced, rejoicing in the euphonious name of Chucks, who held tne Bimpie ineory that after a certain precise number of thousands of years all the events ot life, public and private, were repeated in an unerring cycle. Few can be as exact as Mr. Chucks in his calculation of the period of recurrence, but a vague faith that things do come round in the same fashion after a limited number ef vears is prettv widely spread. How many are confident that France has to pass through endless alternate fits of Kepublicanism and imperialism i it is not a century since neither Republic nor Empire had been heard of in France, but the oscillation once estab lished must apparently remain tor ever. We, too, are tossed to and fro. We shift from parsimony to panic, and back again to parsimony, out of which panic reappears. We suffer from gusts of change and impulses of reaction. We are ardent in favor of some Liberal programme, and then subside into a wearisome contempt of all promises of reform. Ave have a conhdence to-day in the peace and good-will of all the world, and to morrow we discern in the movement of every shadow the fore warning of an approaching foe. We should be glad to think, for the sake of humamty,and especially ot Lnglish hu manity, that these shifting changes and vacillations of feeling could be ascribed to different sets of men succeeding one another. The movement of some of the longer cycles of opinion may per haps be accounted for in this way. If we compare the active spirits of to-day, whether in science, in arts, in politics, or in literature, with those of ten years ago, we may find there has been a suf ficient disappearance of certain names once well-known, and emergence of others from the obscurity that once en folded them, to allow the predominant sentiment of the mass to have been transformed without any considerable change in the opinions of individuals: but the explanation thus suggested is too often insufficient to explain the changes we are forced to recognize. There is a too appreciable proportion among us of men and women who are carried round and round the eddies of opinion, and, as far as can be observed, with no other feeling than one of satis faction with themselves. Among many examples of cyclical theories there is one in favor of which many remarkable facts may ceitainly be adduced. Within certain limits it would appear to be established that there is a period of revolution in trade and commerce of something like ten years. In that time the series of changes is run, and at the end of it we are left where we began. Depression, timid revival of activity, a stronger development of energy, the full tide of prosperity, rapids and breakers, a di minished rush of business, and then depression again follow one another in succession in the course of a decade. The recurrence of commercial crises every ten years has been an observed fact in England throughout this cen tury, and it is understood that Prof. Jevons has traced the phenomenon back through the eighteenth century also. Attempts are sometimes made to extend the operation ofthisapparent law to other countries, but, while there is a reason to believe that other nations have their commercial periods like ourselves, the evidence as yet accumu lated fails to establish an identity of cyclical recurrence, and it rather leads to the conclusion that national periods are distinct, though liable to effect one another. It is also to be observed that on the present occasion the acute phase of depression, culminating in a crisis, which ought to have occurred last year or the year before, did not happen precisely as might have been exacted. It was anticipated in 1873 out of due course, or it was deferred till 1878 with an equal megularity. This distur bance is of some importance. Astrono mers recount with pride the history of the discovery of Neptune. It had been observed that the outermost planet previously known to us did not move with that decorous observance of its orbit so desirable in a well-ordered system, and it occurred simultaneously to Mr. Adams and M. Leverrier that another unknown planet was perhaps causing it to swerve from its proper path. Forthwith they set to work with feigned hypotheses, calculations and corrections, until each was able to declare where the disturber ought to be found, and when the look-out men of the observatories searched that way they found it. As our decennial mone tary crisis did not come round in 1870 or 1877, we are driven to search the disturbing cause of the variation; and it seems that a crisis in America in 1873 precipitated the occurrence of our point of acute depression, just as a pre vious excessive inflation of trade in the States had exaggerated our activity. If this explanation is correct, the mutual influence of national crises is established, and at the same time the independence of their normal periods of commercial revolution. If commer cial crises could be traced to a common cause, the crises of all nations ought to have the same period and to happen at the same time. The greater the development of international trade as compared with domestic trade, the more marked will be the tendency to synchronous crises in nations; but the evidence as yet accumulated suggests the conclusion that the cause of pro gress from depression to activity and back again has hitherto followed a law of its own within each community, and that its period in each case depends upon national opportunities of saving and on national characteristics of tem perament. Where an accumulation of wealth is rapid and the people are san guine and speculative, the oscillation from the appearance of extreme pros perity to that of depression will happen within a very shart time; and where the circumstances of the case are other wise the period will vary in a corres ponding degree. The well-ascertained existence of a recurrent period in trade and commerce has naturally excited the hope that we may emerge from our present sea son of comparative distress more rapidly than we sank into it. The law of change which has been so often ob served justifies the belief in a return of prosperity. It may, howTever, be ob jected that though similar phases re cur they may differ immensely one from another. We may pass from ad versity to prosperity, but will it be such prosperity as we knew before, or must we look for something more or less encouraging? Unless we are to assume a continuous growth not war ranted by the examples of history, we must admit of a possible variation in the maximum development of returning prosperity. We may, however, turn from speculations on the future to a comparison of the present with the past; and Mr. Lefevre, as President of the Statu tical Society, has just laid before that body an analysis of the facts of our commercial and manufac turing position now compared with what it was during a similar time of depression ten years since. The ex amination thus instituted is altogether satisfactory. We are not prosperous as we were six years since, but we are better off than we were during the bad times ten years since. We have not slipped back as far as we had come forward. The population of the coun try has, of course, increased; but, ac cording to Mr. Lefevre, wages and wealth and commerce have increased in a still greater proportion. Some of Mr. Lefevre's figures may, perhaps, admit of fuller examination than he has given them; and a comparison such as he has instituted is often obscured and perplexed by changes in the sale of prices of commodities; but there are many of his most significant statements that cannot be questioned. We have had to witness, for example, an in crease in pauperism in the last twelve months such as happened in 1817-8, but the increase has been relatively less, and our pauper roll is 30 per cent, less thau it was ten years since, in spite of an increase of ten per cent, in the population. The deposits in the saving banks are greater than they were: and the amount assessed to the Income-tax under Schedule D shows an increase of 00 per cent. In spite of all the deductions that may be made from these figures, enough must remain to show that the nation as a whole is much better off now than it was in 1808, which was a corresponding period of depression ; and though our progress may be for the time checked, we have not lost much ground, and may fairly look for something more than a renewal of our former prosperity when a revival does recur. London limes. THE LONDON OBELISK. Now that the famous obelisk, long miscalled Cleopatra's Needle, is at length erected on the banks of the Thames, all students will be interested to know the very tasteful inscriptions proposed to be graved on its pedestal. The text of these inscriptions has been prepared by the joint counsel of Eng land's most prominent scholars, in cluding Dr. Birch and Dean Stanley, and approved by the Queen. The fol lowing are the proposed inscriptions. Facing the roadway : THIS OBELISK WAS QUARRIED AT 8YENE, AND ERECTED AT O il , IOPOLI9) BY TUOTHME9 III., ABOUT 1500 B. C. FUKTUER INSCRIPTIONS WERE ADDED 2 CEN TURIES LATER BY RAMESES II. (8ESOSTRI8). REMOVED TO ALEXANDRIA, THE ROYAL CITY OF CLEOPATRA, IT WAS ERECTED THERE IN THE SEVENTH TEAR OF AUGUSTUS CAESAR, B. C. 2 '. TRANSPORTED TO ENGLAND AND ERECTED ON THIS SPOT IN THE FORTY-SECOND YEAR OF QUEEN VICTORIA BY AND ERASMUS WILSON, F.R.S. JOHN DIXON,C.R. Below this will be inscribed the date, 1878. In a panel still below, on the same side: "The work was further aided by H. II. Ismail Pasha. Viceroy of'Eirvnt. Gen. Sir J. E. Alexander, Hon. 0. II. V lvian, Giovanni Dometrio, Charles Swinburne, John Fowler, C. E., Ben jamin Baker, C. E., II. P. Stephenson, U. Jb., aynman Dixon, C. E., S. Birch, I.L.D., George Double, Mana ges of Works." The principal inscription on the river side is the following : "I his obelisk, having fallen prostrate in the sand at Alexandria, was in grateful remembrance of Xtison and Abercromby, presented to the British nation, A. 1. 18H, by Mohammed Ali, Viceroy ot hgvpt. Encased in an iron cylinder it was rolled into the sea August JD, 184. Abandoned in a storm in the Bav of Biscay, it was re covered and taken into Ferrol Harbor, whence, in charge of Capt. Carter, it reached the Thames, Jan. 20, 1878. For the panel of the top step on the same side: "William Askin, James Gardiner, Joseph Benbow, Michael Burns, Wil liam Donald, Edwin Patan, perished in a brave attempt to succor the crew of the obelisk ship 'Cleopatra,' during the storm, October 14, 1877." On the east and west sides of the pedestal will probably be placed bronze plates representing the obelisk-ship Cleopatra and the raising of the mono lith. Barneses II., or Sesostris, mentioned in the first inscription, was, in all pro bability, the "new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph" of Exodus i, 8; his son Menephtah, or Mernephtah, being the Pharoah of the Exodus. The condition of Egypt under Barneses II. has been most charmingly pictured in Ebers in "Uarda." The fact of the erection of the obelisk at Alexandria in the seventh year of Augustus Cresar, was learned from the inscription still extant on one of the bronze feet of the obelisk yet standing at Alexandria, by diggings made about it at the same time the prostrate obelisk was being prepared for its voyage to London. This inscription is in both Greek and Latin, and reads as follows: "In the eighth year of Augustus Cresar, Barbarus, prefect of Egypt, caused this obelisk to be placed here, Pontius being architect." As Cleopatra had been dead for seven years when the obelisk was erected by her conqueror, there never could have existed any good reason for connect ing her name therewith. It is easy, however, to understand why later generations should ignorantly ascribe all that was glorious in Alexandria to her who was, in several ways, the cause of so much of its splendor. The name of "The London Obelisk," given it of late in many journals and some books, is a very natural desig nation, aud much better than its old false name. It is convenient and use ful in its meaning, and follows the modern modes of denoting the several obelisks at Paris, Home, and other places. S. S. Times. The reason that milk boils more readily than water is because it is a thicker liquid, and consequently less heat is carried off by evaporation of steam; therefore the heat of the entire mass will rise more rapidly. Again, there is a thin skin which forms upon the top of heated milk, which of course confines the steam . and increases the heat. An opposition newspaper in Japan reproduced an item about resignations of Ministers and characterized it as unfounded. The editor was sent to jail for a year. A Government paper started an unfounded story that the torture had been revived, but nothing was done to its head. HOW TO SHAVE. A FEW HINTS TO GENTLEMEN. Tne shaving-brush should be ample and rather soft, the soap of the most soft and lubricant sort that can be got. Lay it on hot and work it freely; the thicker, hotter, and softer the lather, so much the pleasanter and easier will be the shave. Never use biting or acid soap; probably the more glycerine, honey and grease that enters into the composition of the soap the more agree able it will be to the skin; but in this, as in so many other great affairs, ex perience will be the surest guide. The man who has shaved for a year or two and has not found out what soap is pleasantest to the cheek is deficient in the bump of research, and will never do great things in the world. The choice of a razor is commonly thought so difficult that many give up all attempts at forming an opinion of their own, take what the cutler pleases, and rely upon his good faith and the credit of the house for a happy result. Possibly there exists tradesmen who will take back a razor which after a few days' trial does not prove up to the mark. If so, we shall be only too happy to make their acquaintance; personally, we never met with one. And this is hardly to be wondered at, for nothing equals the delicacy of a good razor edge except perhaps the tenderness with which it requires to be treated. If a razor in tempering has not received sufficient heat, its edge will be brittle; if, on the other hand, it has been too much heated it will be soft, but how is the purchaser to tell? He may, how ever, take with him a microscope, and carefully examine the edge all along. If it shows nobluntness no inequalities under this test, a prima facia case is made out in favor of the razor. We ourselves do not use the microscope, but never on any account, buy a razor which will not with any part of its edge sev(r a hair plucked from our own head and held freely between the left finger and thumb, while we chop at it with the razor in the right hand. The tool which will successfully pass this test seldom turns out badly. We may also here record another fact, namely, that mounting has nothing whatever to do with excellence, and that expensive razors are not as a rule a whit better than the cheap ones. A shilling razor, bought ot a small cutler, in a country town, is just as likely to do its work well and long as one mounted in tor toise shell, costing ten times the money. and purchased at a West End establish ment. 1 hat is, of course, if you have taken the trouble to verify the state of its temper by the means which we have above pointed out. Never dip your razor into boiling or very hot water to make it cut better; it is a most wasteful and deceptive pro ceeding. At first it certainly seems to answer and to make the edge keener, but in the long run it softens the steel, and you will find the weapon fail you at some critical moment when smoothness and dispatch may be invaluable. If you put your razor away wet, or with the edge ill-cleaned, you have no ort ot rismt to blame anv one but yourself when it fails to do duty the next day. Treat it tenderly, as if you like it, like lzaak Walton's worm, and you will, if you have a fair start, be sure of a good and faithful servant. From time to time you must use the hone. You should wipe j our hone be fore using it with some soft rag or piece of old silk to remove all dirt; next spread a few drops of oil on the hone, and then, gripping the razor firmly by its handle with the thumb and fore linger, firmly holding it below the shoulder of the blade, push the razor away from you, taking care to press evenly, flatly and firmly, and to give the blade a sliding motion along the surface of the hone; when the whole of the blade has traversed the hone, re verse it, and do the same thing over again on the other side, always remem bering to work from shoulder to point: by this means the minute teeth of the saw, which, as a microscope will show you, from the razor, will all be set in a proper direction, so as to give you the most benefit from their touch against the bristles of your beard when yon set to work at your morning shave. Recollect that a razor strop must be used in the same manner; but that however carefully you strop your razor, it can never prevent your being some times driven to the hone. When choos ing a razor strop, be careful to pick out a flat one. This is very important, as otherwise you will never get the teeth of your microscopic "saw to be evenly set on the edge of the razor with an equable, keen and fine-cutting faculty all along from one end of the blade to the other. The leather on the smooth side of the razor strop should be calf, and of the best quality , and this side of course used after the razor has been sufficiently sharpened on the side spread with the composition. It has the effect of smoothing the edge, and will so far be found useful. Vanity Fair. THE WH"lRL OF LOGIC. Said Jeremy Taylor: "I dreamt one night that all my dreams were false. But if all my dreams are false, then this dream was also false, and hence all my dreams are not false, but are true. But if my dreams are true, then this dream w as also true, and therefore, as I dreamt last night, my dreams are false." A physician, finding a lady read ing Twelfth Niyht, said: "When Shaks peare wrote about Patience on a monument, did he mean doctors' pa tients?" "No," she answered; "you don't find them on monuments, but under them." A GEM LINE Grower & Baiter Scwxsa Macbtjol GBOVER & BAIER'SEffM MACHINES. one Needle Ganee, one Gauge and Screw, one Embroidery Plate, one Dozen A ssorted Needles, one Screw Driver, one Oilcan, and one Boik of Instruction. Hem it by Post Office Order. Registered Letter, Check er Greenbacks. OKI) KB AT ON CE. We cannot guarantee that you will get a machine at this price after the next GO days. Address, G. W. HAMERSLY, 293 and 205 Broadway, Xeiv York. Befer to A. C, Brywn Jk Co. . W Che'tnnt Street, ri-Hadelnhia or tnerablhJitarr'riju Pwt , .... The English marine magistrate at the port of Singapore is a judicial rer son of muscle. He lately sprang frol his bench and soundly thrashed a sulU magistrate sitting with him ; the next day he dragged a reporter out of court by the collar, and his only virtue -ut parently, is the impartiality with which he abuses every shipmaster who conies before him. es That every day has its pains and sorrows is universally experienced and almost universally confessed ; but let us not attend only to mournful truths if we look impartially about us l shall find that very day has likewise its pleasures and its joys. Sick Headache, Languor axi Melancholy, generally spring from a Torpid Liver, a Disordered Stomach or Costiveness, the distressing effects of which Dr. Jayne's Sanative PiH3 will speedily remove; by their beneti cial action on the biliary organs thev will also lessen the likelihood of a re turn. Idvertmmente. In writing to parties Advertia. ing in these Columns please men tion this paf - COMPOUND OXYGEN. FOE Consumption, Asthma y Iironrhif'. Catarrh, J?sprpsiat Headache, IMsUtty, anu 7 Chronic and Kpmnitx 7),-..w M , , A but Nature" own life-;;-,',,,,, element. It d not oniy .,j substituting Oil ft (lieoncn t... another, as wher drugs arc taken, but n vjr! BAL I'KOCKSS OF BEVITALIZATIOX. REMARKABLE C1ESE SES, WHICH ARB ATTHACTIXG WIDE ATTENTION to lit. Rev. J n o. Va. ; Hon. War. D. Kellev, Gen. Fitz Hexkv W'ARltEX, T.S. Arthce, and others who have used and been largely benefited by this treatment. By simple inhal ation. This can be done at our of fice, or by the patient at his own home. jm This Is sent by express In a compact package. TWO KOHTHS' SUP. PLY, -with inhaling apparatus and full and explicit directions. Brochure 212 pp.) with mam testimonials of most remake ABLE CURES. Drs. STARKEY & PALEN, Ilia Girard St. Philadelnlila. Smooth Faces and Bald Heads, Attention. For a sure & rapid growth Of ll;iir use COSMETIC PREPARA TION', the results of alife-long study. tveiiaveyetioieuiuui.uic ouiot the many thousand treated where i t failed to produce a so ft, h eavy luxuriantbeard within 6 or 8 weeks on the smoothest fac e, no injury. Satisfaction guaran teed. Mailed free, nr ice 25 rents. B. a. WITH EKST1X E & CO., Herkimer, N. . AGENTS VANTE1 FOR THE ILLUSTRATED UNIVERSAL HISTORY. - A Clear and Coiu'Im) IlUtory of alt Nation. Commencing with the Earliest Periods and ending with the most recent Important Events, including The Tui'fit-Uuss'.aii War, The Adminis tration of President Hayes, Jtc. 3 JSOO frts 1 J Of JE. Low price, quick sales, extra terms. Address. J. V. McCURDY & CO., Phlla., Ia. PLAYS New York Drama. All the Litest and standard plays. The iH'.st puuusncu. rnree tun mays. in one volume, sent anywhere on receipt of fifteen cents, isend stamp for catalogue. ERNEST HARVIEK, 13 Union Square, N. Y. THE UNITED MEDICAL AS8O0IATI0N f Europe aud America, send their famous Pre scriptions, by mail, for ?1, for the cure of any disease, of either sex, placing hospital treatment within the reach of all. Address, giving symptoms, U. M. Association, Box 325, Buffalo, N . V . An-Elegant Grift for the Ladies. In onler to lntrndure pf'. ! our manufacture into rvery'iHiniU , we have determine.! to prVont tfie lalv readers of this pai-r ne t! our Kltwnt GM Thtmhlrt. Our retail prii-e fortbif thimMr isf I ', and vou will fjnd. bvinnuirv. ariv jeweler will charge you iik-i for the same goods. Cut this adver tisement out and return H U iii with 75 rents in currency, silver, or postage stamps, to pay the ct of ensrravine your name, and you wf ! receive the thimble free l.v 'mail, seourelv Packed In one of r El'gant YtfcftJinrd .V'wwceo Boxm. In ordering, give the sii you wear, and whether von want name In full, Initials, or Christian name engraved on iC Address, NEW YORK JEWELRYO.. 9ti5 Braadway, New York. DBoyal J ewelry Combinaticnggp Take advantage of this offer. ORDER AT ONCE! In order to Introduce onr goods we have made selection ol very DESIItABLE JEWELRY and offer all the articles as below enumerated tur One Dollar. OUttKOVAL COMBINATION contains the following articles ; On Ladies' Elegant Neck Chain. One Ladies' Elegant Locket. One set Ladies' Cuff Buttons. Cne pair Ladies' Heavy Solid Tlated RraceleU. One Ladies' Imitation Cameo Seal Ring. One Ladies' Plain Plated King, extra heavy. One set Ladies' Pin and Ear-Rings, rose coral set ting, very handsome. One Ladies' Engraved Plate 1 Ring. One set Gents' Spiral Shirt Studs. Oue Gents' Pin. one karat, Persian TJbiuom!, setHn extra heavy plate. One Gents' Vett Chain. Thm Grand Array of FASniOXABLE JEW ELK Y will be enclosed in a llitndnonte Box. aud sent, all charges prepaid, and guaran teed to reach destination in good order, to uny ad dress in the World. Our mammoth Cataloeue sent free. As to our responsibility, we refer to anv of the New York papers or Express Co.'s. Address EOYAL, MANUFACTURING CO., 258 & 260 Broadway, X. Y. U. S. A. QtRoyal Jewelry Combinationg A GREAT OFFER. We will deliver, boxed, to any shipping point in New York, a new Genuine GROVER & BAKER Family SEWING MACHINE, with all Improvements, for $15.00. $15.00. $15.00. This Is the same marhine that has 'been noil through dealers at $r. This macliiiie is lurnili-! complete in every particular, with polished lilack Walntrt Table and Box Cover that lo ksUov. ii. tht Iron Work finished In Black and Gold. Its high reputation iseariied. by true merit, and 30 years of honorable service. Every machine is guaranteed In perfect running order, or money refunded. Kadi machine is carefully boxed and JjELIVKKKD FKKK onboard carsorsieanier. It can be s;nt by express or freight to any partof the world. As an evidence of good faith on onrpart,on receipt of ?5, we will send to any pointthis machine. C'.O.D. for balance. Perfect satisfaction and complete substantiation f every statement made guaranteed or the money refunded. Every machine Is furnished free with the following A ttae!iiniits, viz: With three llem- lnerii. one Kralilm oni Krillpr. one (iniltinir CaiiiFe. mi fiii Di m 1 1 31 I
The Chatham Record (Pittsboro, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Jan. 16, 1879, edition 1
4
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