j$H Ojlhafham Record.
Cttt
H. A. LONDON, Jr.,
EDITOR AND 1'KOPRIETOlt.
OF
ADVERTISING.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:
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VOL. I.
PITTSPOEO', CHATHAM CO., N. C. JANUARY 23, 1879.
NO. 19.
For larger advertisements liberal contracts will I
made.
LARGEST
STORE
LARGEST STOCK
Cheapest Goods & Best Variety
CAN BE FOUND AT
LONDON'S
CHEAP STORE.
Sew Goods Receiyed eyerr Weet.
You can always find what yon wish at Lon
don. He kccpn tvorjthlng.
Dry Goods, Clothing, Carpeting, Hardware,
Tin Ware, Drugs, Crockery, Confectionery
Bhoes, Boot, Caps, Hats, Carriage
Materials. Sewing Machines,011s,
Putty, Glass, Paints, Nails,
Iron, Plows and Plow
Castings,
Sole, Upper and Harness Leathers,
Saddles,
Trunks, Satchels,
Shawls, Blankets, Um
brellas, Corsets, Belts, La
dles Neck-Tics and Ruffs, Ham
burg Edgings, Laces, Furniture, &c.
Best Shirts in the Country for $1.
Best 5-ceut Cigar, Chewing and
Smoking Tobacco, Snuff,
Salt and Molasses.
My Hock is always complete in every line,
and goods always sold at the lowest prices.
Special inducements to Cash Buyers.
My motto, "A nimble Sixpence is bettti
than a slow Shilling."
fcSfAll kinds of produce taken.
W. L. LONDON,
Pittsboro', N. Carolina.
H. A. LONDON, Jr.,
Attorney at Law,
PITTSBORO', X. C.
I-Special Attention Paid to
Collecting.
J. J. JACKSON,
AT TORNEY-AT-LAW,
PITTSBORO', X. C.
tWMX business entrusted to him will ro
cjivtj prompt attention.
R. H. COWAN,
DEALER IN
Staple & Fancy Dry Goods, Cloth
ing, Hats Boots, Shoes, No
tions, Hardware,
CROCKERY and GBOCERIES.
PITTSBORO', IT. C.
NORTH CAROLINA
STATE LIFE
INSURANCE CO.,
OF
RALEIGH, . CAR.
P. H. CAMERON. President.
W. E. ANDERSON. VU fra
W. H. HICKS, Sec'y.
The only Home Life Insurance Co. in
tho State.
All Its fund loaned out AT HOME, and
among our own people. We do not Bend
North Carolina money abroad to build up other
States. It is one of the most successful com
panies of Its age in the United States. Its as
set are amply sufficient. All losses paid
promptly. Eight thousand dollars paid la the
list two years to families in Chatham. It will
cost a man aged thirty years only five cents a
day to iusure for one thousand dollars.
Apply for further information to
H.A. LONDON, Jr., Gen. Agt.
PITTSBORO', N. C.
Dr. A. D. MOORE,
PITTS BOKO', K. C,
Offers his professional serrices to tie cltiseus o(
Chatham, with an experience uf thirty year lis
hope to five eiittr tmliafaction.
JOHN MANNING,
Attorney at Law,
PITTSBOBO', N. C,
Practice In the Courts ot Chatham, Harnett,
Moore and Orange, and ia the 8apremeaud Federal
Court.
O. S. POE,
Dealer in
Dry Goods, Groceries It General Merchandise,
All kinds of Plows and Castings, Baggy
Materials, Furniture, ate.
PITTSBORO', N. CAB.
RING OUT WILD BELLS.
TENNTSON.
Ring out wild bells, to the wild sky,
The flying cloud, the frosty light ;
The year is dying in the night ;
Ring out wild bells, and let him die.
Ring out the old, ring in the new,
Ring happy bells, across the snow
The year is going, let him go,
Ring out the false, ring in the true.
Ring out the grief that saps the mind,
For those that here we see no more ;
Ring out the feud of rich and poor.
Ring in redress to all mankind.
Ring out a 6lowly dying cause,
And ancient forms of party strife ;
Ring in the nobler modes of life,
With sweeter manners, purer laws.
Ring out the want, the care, the sin,
The faithless coldness of the times ;
Ring out, ring out my mournful rhymes,
But ring the fuiler minstrel in.
Ring out false pride in place and blood,
The civil slander and the spite ;
Ring in the love of truth and right,
Ring in the common love of good.
Ring out old shapes of foul disease,
Ring out the narrowing lust of gold ;
Ring out the thousand wars of old.
Ring in the thousand years of peace.
Ring in the valiant man and free,
The larger heart, the kindlier hand ;
Ring out the darkness of the land,
Ring in the Christ that is to be.
THE OLD AND THE NEW.
1878 1879.
Our years we number, one by one.
Scarce thinking how, as they are flying,
Each moment marks a year begun,
Each moment marks a year that's dying.
The years that come, the years that go,
liie lives that end, the lives beginning,
Are strewn along the twelve-month's flow,
Each with its share of grace or sinning.
Whatever hour the clock may toll
In which you, reader, see this greeting,
Is New Year for a new-born soul
And Old Year for a soul that's fleeting.
And life, however long its span,
Is scarce a year, and not a true one,
Unless it end as it began,
The old year pure as was the new one.
THE BEST WIFE.
' The best little wife in the world!" said
Herbert Ainscourt.
Of course I dare say," responded
Mr. Portcrossl "But what's your exact
idea of the best wife in the world ? Jones
says he's got the best wife in the world,
because she keeps his stockings darned,
takes him to church three times of a Sun
day, and never lets him have an idea of
his own. Jenkins says he's got the same
identical article; but Jenkins's wife keeps
all the money, draws his salary for him,
and makes him live in the back kitchen
because the parlor is too good for the
family use."
"Oh! but Daisy isn't a bit ogreish a
little, submissive, soft-voiced thing, that
hasn't an idea except what is reflected
from me. I tell you what, old fellow,
I'm master of my own house; I come
when I please, and go when I please.
Daisy never ventures on a word of re
proach." ' Then you ought to be ashamed of your
self, larking around at the clubs as you do,
dissipated bachelor fashion?"
"Ashamed! what of?"
"Why, I suppose you owe some duties
to your wife ?"
"Where's the harm? My wife doesn't
care."
"Probably you think so because she is
quiet and submissive; but if she were to
object "
"Object! I'd like to hear her try it."
"Now, look here, Ainscourt, your wife
may be a model wife, but you certainly
are not a model husband. People are be
ginning to talk about the way you neglect
that pretty little blue-eyed girl."
"I'll thank people to mind their own
business. Neglect her, indeed! Why,
man, I love her as I love my own soul."
Then, why don't you treat her as if
you did ?'
"Oh, come, Portcross, lhat question
just shows what a regular old bachelor
you are. It won't do to make too much
of your wife, unless you want to spoil
her."
Mr. Portcross shook his head.
"That sounds selfish. I don't like the
ring of that metal."
And he went away, leaving Mr. Ains
court to finish his game of billiards at
leisure.
"What a regular old fuss-budget Port
cross is," laughed the latter. "Always
poking his nose into somebody else's busi
ness. There's one comfort I never pay
any attention to what he says."
Meanwhile Mrs. Ainscourt was sitting
alone in her drawing-room, her too little
white hands locked tightly in one an
other, and her fair head slightly droop
inga delicate little apple-blossom of a
woman, with blue, wistful eyes and curly
flaxen hair, looking more like a grown
up child than a wife of twenty -one sum
mers. "Oh, dear!"' signed Daisy. "It is so
dull here. I wish Herbert would come
home. lie never spends any time with
me now-a-days, and I practice all his fa
vorite songs, and read the newspapers, so
I can talk about the things he's interested
in, and try so hard to be entertaining.
It's very strange."
And then her oval face brightened into
sudden brilliance, and the sparkles stole
into her eyes; for the quick ear had detec
ted her husband's footsteps on the stairs.
The next moment he came in.
"Well, pet, how areyou?" with a play
ful pinch of her cheek. 'There are some
bonbons for you. Where are mv light
gloves?"
"Oh, Herbert ! you are not going away
again?"
"I must, Daisy. There are a lot of fel
lows going to drive to High Bridge, and
I'm one of the party. You can go over to
my mother's for dinner, or send for one of
your friends, or something. There, good
bye, pu9s, I'm in a deuce ef a hurry."
And with one careless kiss pressed on
the quivering damask rose of a mouth that
was lifted up to him, he was gone.
Daisy Ainscourt neither went to her
mother-in-law, nor sent for one of her
girl friends. She spent the evening all
alone, pondering on the shadow which
was fast overgrowing her life.
"What shall I do?" thought the little,
timid, shrinking wife. "Oh, what shall
I do?"
But, child as she was, Daisy had a
strong, resolute woman's heart within
her, nor was she long in coming to a de
cision. "Daisy," said her husband to her the
next day, "you haven't any objections to
my attending the Orion Bal Masque ?"
"Are masked balls nice places, Her
bert?" "Oh, yes, everybody goes; only I
thought I'd pay you the compliment of
asking you whether you disapproved or
not."
"Can I go with you?"
"Well ahem not very well this time,
Daisy. You see, Mrs. Fenchurch really
hinted so strongly for me to take her, that
I couldn't help it."
"Very well," assented Daisy, meekly,
and Herbert repeated within himself the
psean of praises he had chanted in Mr.
Portcross's ear: "The best little wife in
the world!"
But, notwithstanding all this, Mr.
Ainscourt was not exactly pleased, when
at the selfsame Ball Masque, during the
gay period of unmasking, he saw his
wife's innocent face crowning the pic
turesque costume ofa Bavarian peasant
girl.
"Hallo!" he ejaculated, rather ungra
ciously, "you here?"
'Yes," lisped Daisy, with a girlish
smile. "You said everybody went! And,
oh. Herbert, isn't it nice?"
Mr. Ainscourt said nothing more, but
Mrs. Fenchurch found him a' very stupid
companion for the remainder of the eve
ning. He was late at dinner the next day;
but, late as he Avas, he found himself
more punctual than his wife, and the
solitary meal was half over before Mrs.
Daisy tripped in, her cashmere shawl
trailing over her shoulders, and her
dimpled cheeks all pink with the fresh
wind.
"Am I behind time? Really, I am so.
sorry! But we have been driving in the
park, and "
"We! Who are we?" growled her
husband.
"Why, Colonel Adair and I the
Colonel Adair that you go out with so
much. ''
"Now, look here, Daisy!" ejaculated
Mr. Ainscourt, rising from the table and
pushing back his chair, "Adair isn't ex
actly the man I want you to drive with."
"But you go everywhere with him!"
"I dare say but you and I are two
different persons."
"Now, dear Herbert," interposed Daisy,
willfully misunderstanding him, "you
know I never was a bit proud, and the as
sociates that are good enough for my hus
band are good enough for me. Let me
give you a few more oysters."
Ainscourt looked sharply at his wife
Was she really in earnest, or was there a
mocking undercurreut of satire in her
tone ! But he could not decide, so artless
was her countenance.
I'll talk to her about it sometime, was
his internal decision.
"Daisy," he said, carelessly, when din
ner was over, "I've ask old Mrs. Barberry
to come and spend the day with you to
morrow." "Oh, have you? I'm sorry, for I am
engaged out to-morrow."
"You! Where?"
"Oh, at Delmonico's. I've joined a
Women's Rights Club, and we meet there
to organize."
The deuce take women's, rights!"
ejaculated the irate husband.
"Of course Idoa't believe in them, but
it's the fashion to belong to a club, and
such a nice place to go evenings. I am
dull here evenings, Herbert."
Herbert's heart smote him, but he an
swered resolutely:
"I beg you will give up this ridiculous
idea. What do women want of clubs V
"What men do, I suppose."
"But I don't approve of it at all."
"You belong to three clubs, Herbert."
That's altogether a different matter."
"But why is it different?"
"Hem why? because of course any
body can see why it's self-evident."
"1 must be very blind," said Mrs.
Ainscourt, demurely, "but I confess I
can't discriminate the essential differ
ence." Herbert Ainscourt said no more, but he
did not at all relish the change that had
lately come over the spirit of Daisy's
dream.
She did change, somehow. She went
out driving, here, there, andevery where.
He never knew when he was certain ofa
quiet evening with her; she joined not
only the club, but innumerable societies
for a thousand and one purposes, which
took her away from home almost continu
ally. Mr. Ainscourt chafed against the
bit but it was useless. Daisy always had
an excuse to plead.
Presently her mother-in-law bore down
upon her, an austere old lady in black
satia and a chestnut-brown wig.
"Daisy, you are making my son
wretched."
"Am I?' cried Daisy. "Dear me I
hadn't an idea of it! What's the trouble?"
You must ask him yourself," said the
mother-in-law, who believed sensible
old lady in young married people's set
tling their own difficulties. "All I know
is the bare fact."
So Daisy went home to the drawing
room, where Herbert lay on the sofa pre
tending to read, but in reality brooding
over his troubles.
"What's the matter, Herbert?" said
Daisy, kneeling on the floor beside him,
and putting her soft, cool hands on his
fevered brow.
"The matter? Nothing much, only I
am miserable," he sullenly answered.
"But why?" she persisted.
"Because you are so changed, Daisy."
"How am I changed ?"
"You are never at home; you have lost
the domesticity which was, in my eyes,
your greatest charm. I never have you
to myself any more. Daisy, don't you see
how this is embittering my life ?"
"Does it make you unhappy?" she
asked, softly. J
You know it does, Daisy."
"And do you suppose I liked it, Her
bert? '
4 'What do you mean !" he asked.
"I mean that I passed the first year of
my married life in just such a lonesome
way You had no 'domesticity.' Clubs,
drives, billiard playing, and champagne
suppers engrossed your whole time. I,
your wife, pined at home alone."
But who didn't you tell me vou were
unhappy?" J
"Because you would have laughed at
the idea, and called it a woman's whim.
I resolved, when wre were first married.
to fritter away neither time nor breath in
idle complaints. I have not complained;
1 have simply followed your example. If
it was not a good one, whose fault was
that? Not mine, surely.'
'No. Daisy, not yours."
"I don't like this kind of life," went on
Daisy. 4 It is a false excitement a hollow
diversion; but I persist in it for the same
reason, I suppose, that you did because
it was the fashion. Now tell me, Her
bert, whether you prefer a fashionable
wife, or Daisy? '
"Daisy a thousand times Daisy!"
"But Daisy can't get along with a
theatre-going, club-living husband."
"Then she shall have s husband who
finds his greatest happiress at his own
hearthstone whose wife is his dearest
treasure who has tried the experience of
surtace and hnds it unsatisfactory. Daisy,
shall we begin our matrimonial career
anew?"
And Daisy's whfepered answer was,
"Ves."
"But what must you have thought of
me all this time? she asked him, after
a little while.
"I know what I think now."
"And what is thtt?"
"I think," said" Mr. Ainscourt, with
emphasis, "that yu are the best wife in
the world."
THE ECONOMIC FUTURE QF ENGLAND.
Nothing coulc better illustrate the
depth of the anxiety under which the
public mind in England is laboring
than the following appeal" to the Min
istry, which we fird in the last number
of the London Economist, a paper
which seldom indulges in pathos of
any sort:
"And now we will venture to make
a direct appeal to aei Majesty's Gov
ernment. They knew how terrible
and far-reaching the piesent depression
of English trade is. "hey know how
largely this depression is due to the
political uncertainties of the times.
They know how many men in business
have been holding on by the Very skin
of their teeth in the lope that the
Congress of Berlin would bring about
a radical and permaneit settlement of
the Eastern Question. They know
that, so far from the settlement there
arrived at being either radical or per
manent, It lias from tin first been dis
regarded by commercial Europe, and
has had absolutely nc influence in im
proving the state of .rade. If, know
ing all this, they go on clinging to the
letter of a Treaty froia which the
spirit has departed, r, rather, into
which the spirit has never entered,
they w ill be respomible for all that
happens in consequeice. To some ex
tent, at all events, t is still in their
power to cast aside the illusions under
which the Berlin Treaty was drawn
up, and to replace the useless pro
visions then enacted by a settlement
more worthy of the nafne. They can
themselves come forwaid to undo the
division of Bulgaria, instead of leaving
it to be done withouc theni. They
can themselves take (are that Bulgaria
thus constituted shall in some measure
be withdrawn from Russian influence,
and taught, however late and however
imperfectly, to look etsewtere than to
Russia for help which may ensure and
develop its autonomy."
The "illusion," or rather the as
sumption, under which the Berlin
Treaty was drawn up was that the
Turks are a people who eagerly desire,
and are fully competent, to reform
their Government; and no. only this,
but that their Governmenthas been of
late and is now so good thtt any signs
of discontent shown by tht Christians
who live under it are and nust be due
to the instigation of "Russnn agents,"
and the work of what Lorl Beacons
field calls "the secret socieies." It is
this assumption which has fed him into
the monstrous undertaking of regen
erating the Mussulman word at a mo
ment when English industry has en
tered on what will probablj prove the
most critical period in its existence a
period, too, which may not pass away
without working serious modifications
both in English Government and so
ciety. It would be very rash to pre
dict, however, as some haTe begun to
do, that the crisis will leare England
greatly diminished in strenjth and in
fluence. All comparisons, such as
Mr. Gladstone suggested in his late
article, between her and Venice or
Genoa or Holland, leave out of ac
count the fact that none of these
States declined until either their ma
terial resources had been exhausted or
the character of the people had lost its
vigor and enterprise, either through
the corruption of the Government or
through a general break-down of
morals. Nothing could well seem
more hopeless than the condition of
the British Empire at the close of the
American war, and yet niae years of
Pitt prepared it for the astonishing
and successful twenty years' struggle
with France. But in 1815 the pros
pect certainly seemed gloomier than
ever. The oligarchy which had ruled
the country from 1688, and which the
shifting of population and growth of
industry had made more oligarchical
than ever, had loaded it with a pro
digious debt of $4,000,000,000, to be
borne by a population of only 11,000,
000, whose commerce and industry was
still but trifling. The administration,
too, was honeycombed with jobbery in
all its departments, and the working
class was furious with suffering. Out
of this slough, which to many of the
acutest observers seemed hopeless, the
nation rose, during the seventeen
years between the close of the war and
the passage of the Reform Bill, how
ever, with astonishing rapidity, ac
complishing reforms ot various kinds,
such as, perhaps, have never been ef
fected in any other country without
revolution and bloodshed. The re
covery could probably not have been
effected bv the old ruling class; but it
was not all luck that created the great
middle class which took charge of the
national aflairs after the passage of the
bill, and which during the succeeding
forty years created the prodigious
commercial and manufacturing pros
perity which seems to have culminated
in 1873. No such class exists in any
country through a happy accident.
The religion, laws, traditions, manners
and history all combine to nr. Jn it
and make it ready for its work, and
these agencies have certainly not lost
mcir lurce sinte 1832. Un the con
trary, tne elements of vigor and enter
prise ana audacity in the national
character seem just as strong to-dav as
ever. J
But it must be admitted that the
English middle class, when they came
to the front, and laid the foundation of
me nuge iabric ot industry which just
"wy occrns in serious pern, nad re
sources which they seem to have ex
hausted. It was not simply that they
began the race in possession of great
woi auu iron news lying side by side.
They were the first to take up the
steam-engine seriously and turn it to
account in railroads and navigation
Down almost to 1860 there was a wide
spread feeling all over Europe that a
steam engine needed an Englishman
to manage it. As soon as the neces
sity of railroads began to be felt, too,
the Continental nations had to order
them of Englishmen, and England
supplied the iron and machinery for
them. Their great command of the
means of locomotion gave them the
first access to out-of-the-way markets,
such as India and China, and the first
chance to colonize remote regions,
such as Australasia and South Africa.
The result has been half a century of
steady and unprecedented material
growth, accompanied with correspond
ins improvement in the structure of
the Government, which is probably
unequalled to-day in the success with
which scientific methods are made to
work through popular forms.
This brilliant stage has, however.
evidently reached its termination. A
considerable proportion of the markets
by which its prosperity has been main
tained the cotton and iron is irre
trievably lost. The civilized world,
for instance, will never again build
railroads with the rapidity it has hith
erto built them, because the great
trunk lines are made, and nothing
will hereafter be needed but lateral
feeders. Then, too, the improvement
in the government on the European
continent, and the growth of indus
trial dexterity and enterprise every
where, have spread manufactures over
a vast area previously devoted in the
mam to agriculture, bo that it is
hard to avoid the belief that we are
tncssing a serious and permanent
check to the material growth of the
empire, which will call for a readjust
ment of its economic and political ma
chinery, the nature of which it would
be impossible as yet to forecast,
though it would be exceedingly rash
to say that the nation is not mentally
and morally equal to the task, or that
it will all ot a sudden resign its posi
tion among the leading political and
commercial States. Some of the pro
bable features in this readjustment are
already foreshadowed. Dense as the
population of England now is, and
large as is the proportion of it which is
withdrawn Irom agriculture, the profits
of farming have been already so se
riously affected by the growing com
petition of Russia and the United
States that there arc signs of a serious
fall in rents, which must generally af
fect the fortune and habits of the
landed aristocracy. According to the
latest accounts, there are in some dis
tricts signs of a panic among land
lords of the difficulty of letting their
farms to men with capital enough to
work them, and the difficulty of getting
even the present holders to keep them.
The decline of manufactures and di
minished purchasing power of the
artisan class must, of course, increase
this tendency, and perhaps force land
lords, as one paper suggests, either to
work their lands themselves, as the
Prussian landholders do, or rent them
on terms which would virtually give
the farmer the fee. How little margin
is left to the landlord already may be
inferred from the fact that but few
estates pay more than two or three
per cent, on the purchase money.
The great accumulations of popu
lation in the iron and cotton districts
must inevitably, if the depression
proves permanent, be got rid of by
organized emigration, such as gave the
Australian Colonies their first start.
Public opinion would not tolerate
now, as it tolerated half a century ago,
the lapse of large bodies of men into
pauperism, and the present parlia
mentary constituency is a much more
dangerous one on such subjects
than any which has previously existed
in England. That capital would go
abroad in greater masses than ever on
the heels of population and manufac
turers there is little question; and it
would go, not to the countries with
the finest natural resources, for in
these Central Africa is very rich, but
to those in which it would enjoy most
liberty combined with most security,
and in which the population regarded
it neither as booty nor as an engine of
oppression, and in which legislation
was steadiest and justice best admin
istered. That all this might happen
without seriously affecting England's
position in the world, we think is a
reasonable belief. The problems raised
in our time by the presence of swarm?
of laborers engaged in manufacturing,
living in dense masses, and dependent
for weekly wages on the skill of a few
great employers in watching the turns
of markets of increasing delicacy and
uncertainty, grow more and more se
rious every day, and threaten to be
come unmanageable, in the absence of
large tracts of easily accessible waste
land. To be relieved of the pressure
of these problems, even in a moderate
degree, is to any country which does
not need a large standing army a gain
in real power both of offence and de
fence, if it involve no drain upon the
character and intellect of the country,
such as the emigration of the Hugue
nots brought on France. JVew York
Nation.
French engineers are discussing
the practicability of a railway across
the Desert of Sahara, and think one can
be built and maintained, notwithstand
ing the heat and absence of water.
The distance from Algiers to Tim
buctoo across the desert is 1500 miles.
AUTHORITY OF PARENTS OVER 1HEIR
CHILDREN'S SCHOOL STUDIES.
In the case of Trustees of Schools
against Van Allen, the question as to
what right a parent has to direct the
studies pursued by his child who at
tends a public school is considered. It
is held that the trustees ofa school
district may prescribe what studies
shall be pursued, and may regulate the
classification of the pupils, but that a
parent may select from the branches
pursued those which the child shall
study, so long as the exercise of such
selection does not interfere with the
system prescribed for the school, and
that the child cannot be excluded from
one study simply because he is deficient
in another. In this case the pupil was
denied admission to a public high
school because of his deficiency in a
knowledge of grammar, which his
father had forbidden him to study. He
had asked to be admitted to pursue
only those studies in which he was
sufficiently proficient to entitle him to
admission to the high school. The
Court held that a rule requiring his
exclusion was unreasonable and could
not be enforced. In Morrow against
Wood, in Wisconsin, a father directed
his child, who attended a public school,
to studv onlv certain branches among
those tausht in the school. The
teacher, with notice of such direction,
required the child to study other sub
jects, and upon his refusal to do so
whipped him. This was held to be an
unlawful assault. In Ruleson against
Post, in Illinois, a girl 16 yeas of age,
was in attendance upon a public school,
to the benefit of which she was entitled.
and was in a class which, by the course
of study prescribed by the directors of
tne school, was required to study book
keeping. Under the direction of her
parents she refused to pursue the
study, and for that reason was, by the
teacher, acting under the order of the
directors, forcibly expelled from the
school. The Court held that the di
rectors and teacher were all liable in
an action of trespass, the directors
having no pow er to prescribe such a
rule or to authorize the teacher to en
force it. Albany (N. Y.) Law Jour
nal. NAMES AND THEIR MEANINGS.
The study of men's names is as cu
rious as it is interesting. Arbitrary as
they seem to-day, they all had their
source evidently in some fitting fact.
Many English surnames express the
county, estate or residence ot their
original bearers as Burgoyne, from
Burgundy; Cornell or Cornwallis, from
Cornwall; Fleming, from Flanders;
Gaskin and Gascoyne, from Gascony;
Hanway, from Hainault; Polack, Irom
Poland; Welsh, Walsh and Wallir
from Wales; Coombs, Compton, Clay
ton, Sutton, Preston, Washington,
from towns in the county ot Sussex,
England. Camden, the antiquary,
says every village in Normandy has
surnamed some English family. Dale,
1 orest Hill, W ood, and the like are
derived from the character or situation
of those who first bore the names. The
prefix atte or at, softened to a or an,
has helped to form a number of names.
Thus, if a man lived on a moor, he
would call himself Attemoor or At
moor; if near a gate, Attegate or
Atgate. John atte the Oaks was in
due time shortened into John Noaks;
Peter at the Seven Oaks into Peter
Snooks. By field, By ford, Underhill
and Underwood indicated residence
originally. In old English, applegarth
meant orchard, whence Applegate and
Apple ton; chase, a forest; elive a cliff',
dough, a ravine; cobb, a harbor; whence
these names. The root of the ubi
quitous Smith is the Anglo-Saxon
smitan, to smite. It was applied pri
marily to blacksmiths, wheelwrights,
carpenters, masons and smiters or
strikers in general. Baker, Taylor,
Butler, Coleman (coalman), Draper,
Cowper (cooper), Cutler, Miller and
the rest plainly denote occupations.
Latimer is from latiner, a writer of
Latin; Lorimer is a maker of spurs
and bridle bits; Arkwright, a maker of
chests; Lander, contracted from lavan
dier, a washerman; Banister, the
keeper of a bath; Kidder, a huckster;
Wait, a minstrel; Crocker, a potter.
Such names as Baxter and Bagster are
the feminine of baker. Webster of
webber or weaver, which shows that
these trades were first followed by
women, and that when men began to
take them up they for some time kept
the feminine names. Steward, Stew
art, or Stuart, Abbot, iLnight, Lord,
Bishop, Prior, Chamberlain, Falconer,
Leggett, (legate,) either signified what
the persons so styled were, or they
were given them in jest or derision,
like the names King, Prince and Pope.
The termination ward indicated a
keeper, as Durward, doorkeeper; Hay
ward, keeper of the town cattle;
Woodward, forest-keeper. Read, Reed,
or Reid, is an old form of spelling red,
and was bestowed, as White, Brown,
and Black were to denote the color
worn or the complexion had. Hogarth,
from the Dutch, means generous, high
natured; Rush is subtle; Bowne,
ready ;Bonner, kind, gracious; Eldridge,
wild, ghastly. Many Welsh names,
naturalized in English, are from per
sonal traits, as More, great; Duff,
black; Vaughan, little; Lane, slender;
Mole, bald; Gough, red. Surnames,
now apparently meaningless, had mean
ing in old English and provincial dia
lects. Brock, for instance, signifies
badger; Talbot, mastiff; Todd, fox;
Culver, pigeon; Hensbaw, young
heron; Coke, cook. N. Y. Times.
The Baltimore Gazette says that
Commissioner of Agriculture "Le
Dook" ought to cultivate "the bread
fruit tree," and graft upon it the
"cowslip;" so that the tramps and
poor of this country might have ready-
grown, hot-buttered rolls. Not a bad
idee for hard times and poor people.
"When a man takes a letter from
his wife to "drop into the post-office on
his way down town," he imagines him
self a traveling postal-car, and keeps it
in his pocket a week. New Haven
Register
Seeing much, and suffering much,
and studying much, are the three pil
lars of learning.
Empress Eugenie has recently sold
to the Baron Hirsch three residences
in Paris for 3400,000.
It is said that $500,000 is spent
yearly upon teaching of music in the
elementary schools of England.
The damage to the bridges in
Bergen county, N. J., by the late
freshet is estimated at $40,000.
The canacitv of the cram fleet win
tering at Milwaukee is 930,500 bushels,
against i,2ou,uju nusneis last winter.
Frith's Celebrated Painting, "The
Marriage of the Prince of Wales," was
sold for $2250 at Birmingham, Eng
land, recently.
Mrs. Lippincott ("Grace Green
wood") is passing the winter at London,
where her daughter is perfecting her
musical studies.
A curiosity in the shape of a white
porcupine, an animal rarely seen by
naturalists, was recently shot in the
vicinity of Newbury, Vermont.
King Humbert makes frequent
visits to Signor Cairoli, who saved his
life in the recent attempt at assassina
tion, and has conferred upon him the
gold medal for military valor.
Colorado contemplates the intro
duction of the yak or Thibet ox, which
flourishes in the high mountains of
Thibet, and the hair of which is used
in manufacturing the beautiful Thibet
shawls.
During the recent flood at West
field, Mass., a house was carried a
quarter of a mile by the current, but
not a dish was spilled from the shelves
or broken, although a stove was
mashed.
A man in Hartford, Conn., has
been annoyed by tramps for several
months past. The other day he had a
ton of coal dumped in his front yard,
and since then not a single vagrant has
appeared for a meal.
Tne' young Californian Salmon
placed in the tributaries of the Yarra
river, in Australia, last December, by
the Australian Acclimatization Society,
have apparently thriven, as already one
young fish five inches long has been
caught.
The New Orleans Times mentions
the case of an old Frenchman who is
still cutting wood on Government lands
in Louisiana, under a permit given him
by Gen. Butler, in 1852, and who can't
be convinced that his privilege expired
long ago by limitation.
The British railway companies
have inaugurated a new express system,
issuing stamps ot the denomination ot
four pence and six pence, to prepay to
any point on their lines packages of
two and tour pounds, buch packages
will also be injured to the amount of 1
each.
General S. C. Armstrong, the
president of the Hampton Normal and
Agricultural Institute, is in Boston
with forty-nine Sioux and eighteen
Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians from
the Institute. He uses the Indians as
illustrations of the material with which
the Institute is now working.
Pere Hyacinthe has settled down
in a little house in the suburbs of
Paris, and will support himself by giv
ing religious lectures, if the Govern
ment permits him. Some of his Eng
lish admirers offered to build him a
chapel and to provide th3 funds to start
a newspaper with, but he declined
both.
In an English county court, where
a cook sued her mistress for a month's
wages in lieu of notice, she having been
dismissed because she refused to join in
the family prayers, the Judge ordered
the money to be paid, as there had been
no stipulation that the plaintiff! was to
attend prayers; and she was engaged to
cook, not to pray.
For thirty years or more the
family of Mr. A. Sawtelle, of Augusta,
Maine, have drawn water from a well
in their cellar. The well was forty feet
deep, and the water therein never
failed. During a recent severe storm
and gale, the bottom of the well
dropped out. During the night they
heard a tremendous noise in the cellar,
resembling a miniature earthquake.
Thenextmorning the cellar was visited.
and it was discovered that the well had
vanished; it must have sunk to a con
siderable depth, as the pump was nearly
buried out of sight. A portion of the
underpinning of the house was under
mined and will have to be rebuilt.
Mental Arithmetic. Some years
ago a German of the name of Dase ex
hibited his wonderful powers of calcu
lation and memory before the Queen. I
once met him at the house of a friend,
but unfortunately arrived too late to
witness more than a few of his feats.
Sixty-four figures were chalked upon a
board, at which Mr. Dase gave what I
thought a cursory glance, and, immedi
ately turning his back upon them, he
stated tne order in wnicn they were
placed, and he repeated them back
ward. He was then, without altering
his position, dodged by one of the com
pany, who asked, "What is the twenty-
third ngure."" lie answered at once
and correctly. Again, a vast amount
of dominoes I wondered where they
got so many were distributed on the
table among several ladies, who ar
ranged them in squares of various
dimensions, while Mr. Dase stood with
his back to the table. He was then re
quested to turn round, and in an in
credibly short space of time he told us
the number, not of the dominoes, but
of the spots. Thus far for the evidence
of my own eyes and ears. For the rest,
I was told that he can multiply in his
mind 100 figures by the like number.
He is an hour about it, but the result
is always correct. I was told that he
can extract the square root of 100 given
figures in fifty-two minutes,-Tfce 17m
versity Magazine,