4 A -ltV
i .
: i
1 '
.1 . r?T"-'A -
4 .
v.
(
(
f -
end of the year i if the remedial measure con-
nteted with the customs ana ute poouc iuiwi
heretofore recommended, shall be adopted, and
I not
esti-
ih new anorooriations bv Congress aba
carry the expenditures beyond the officii!
tbe safekeeping of the public money, prescribing
the kind of currency to be received for the poo
. lie revenue, tod providing additional guards and
scaritie against losses, bis now been several
jBontba in operation. Although it mightibe pre
nutate, upon an x neriei.ee of aocb Uuijted do-
"ralioo, to form a definite opinion in regard to the
extent of its influences in correcting mariy evils
under which the Federal Government and the
country bare hitherto suffered especially those
that have grown oat of banking expansions, a de
preciated c jrreocy.and official defalcations; yet
ih nraoii-l nnration of the st stem to weaken
i in the slightest degree, but rnoch to strengthen,
rnr.frAenl anu'riMliom of its friends Tb
rroan4s of these bate been heretofore so foltj
"trxofained as to reqaire oo recapitolatjon. Itvre-
epect to the facility and conTenience; it afiid
in coodociiog the pablicserfice. and Ithe ability
of the GaTernment to disoharso throWn its-
wtnev everv dotr attendant on the collectioo,
traoifer, and diaburwtrient of the public money
, with prompiiioie and soccess, I can Jsay, with
confiJence, tbat the applrehonaions oj those who
felt it to bs tbcif duty to oppese lis -adoption
have proved t- be bafounded. On ihe contrary,
this ,branch of tbe fiscal arl-irs of the Govern
ment has been, and it is believed tday -always
he, tb os carried on with every desirable -facility,
and security. A few changes and improvements
in the details of the avstem, wiiliout atlecnng a
. a "7 '- . J
oy principles involved in it, wm Df saDnwuea m
yo by the Secretary of tbe Treasory. aod .will,
I am sure, receive at your hands that atteMi-n
to which they may, on examination, be foand to
be entitled. 1
I hire deemed ibis brief summary of our fis
cal affairs necessary to ibedae peiformance of a
duty specially enjoined open me by the consti
tution. It will serve also, to illustrate more fol
ly i he principles by which I have been guided in
reference to t?o contested points in jour public
policy, which were earliest in theirj dervelope
ruent.and have beeo more;, important in their
conseauences. than aov that have arisen onder
our complicated and difficult, yet admirable eys
tern of uvernmenl : 1 allude to a national debt
and national bank. It was in these that tbe po
litical cotitests by which tbe country has beeo a
eUaieJ ever since the adontidn of the! conetito
tion, in a great measuie, originated ;aod there is
toomooh reason to apprehend that the conflict-
ins interests and opp-ioff principles thos raar-
sballedt vill continue, aa heretofore, tp produce
' similar, if not aggravated conse q-ienceS
Coming into office tbe declared enemy of both,
I have arnesllv endeavored to prevent a resort
' to either. ' i
The consideration that a large public debt af
ford an apology, and produces, in some degree, a
. neceiaity also, for resorting to a system and ex
tent of taxation which is not enly oppressive
throughout, but likewise so apt to lead, in tbe
end, to tbe commission of that most odioos of all
offences against tbe principles of republican go-
, rernment-tbe prostitution of political power,
conferred for the general beoea, to the aggran
minislraiTon o ppbija affilrf, whjc. i alpcf cO
siatent with tbe character of our institutions ; of
coijrtting annually iromane cosiwrnj, ini-in
saJes of puwic jianos.a feuooiuiij wmi-io
to d-fray aiiinejexpensFw urn iucuh.
dei no pretence ivhatsoever, to impose taxes opon
the people w greater amnont inan w cbij
necessary to the poblic service, conducted epm
ibe principles I jave slated
Id lien ofli patiooai Bank; or a dependence
opo banks eif ajy description, lor the manage
ment of our j fiscal afftirs, 1 recomTriended .the
adoption of the lysteTi which is now in succsa
fl operation.' 1'hat system affords every reqo!
sile facility ff the transaction of ib peenniary
coneerne of thel Governmeni ; will, it is coofi
aniiYinttVJ. nrnJace in other .respects
f maoy of the benlfits which have been from time
to lime expected from ihe creation oi a nauonai
bank, but whichlbave never beeo realized ; av id
the manifold evils inseparable from such an in
stitution; dimtnrlh, to a greater extent than could
be accoinp?i-hedby any other measure of reform,
the patronage of" the Federal -Gi)vcrnm8nt--a
wise pdicy in all Governments, hot more espe
cially so in one Jjike outs, which wcik3 well nly
in nrooortion as It is made to rely for its support
upon tbe unbiased and unadulterated opinions of
its constttuenlsjfdo away, lorevrr, an oepenoence
oa corporate budties. either in the raisii., collect
in- sate-keeDiagr.or dtsborsms toe dudjio reven
ues ; and placeijibe Government equally above
the temptation f fostering a dangerous and 6n-
constitotiona irptifotion at home, or ma necessi
iv of adantiRir tt3 policy to the views and inte-
- T..S . .... . X-
rests cf a still I more lormt-aDie money power
abroad.- ""'..' '
It is by adopting and carrying oat ibeseypr;m
cioles. onder fiircurnstances tho most arduous and
discourasinffJtfiat ihe attempt has been made
ww n r- W " ULU w-7 -r.- w .
1" aK"l aolT'r rH ef carrying into
Wvm "?"J Wishes of Ingres,, ami
I
iU.3 '-iflF-1fi ilL.,
thus far ocCwSsfolly, to demonstrate tuthe people
of tb6 United States that a oational Bank at all
times, and a national debt, except jt be iocorrfd
at a period whn the honor and safety of the na
tion demaod the temporary sacimce ui a policy,
' a. 4 i I ,l.-
wntcn sooulu only oe suanuoneo id seen , nan
cies, are not (merely onnccessary, but in direct
and deadly h4"''lT t0 luc principles of their
oovernment.ild to theiijOwn permanent welfare.
The progress madein the developemeni ol
these tJositions! appears in the preceding- sketch
of tbe past hisfjory and present state of the finan
cial concerns of the Federal Government. J ne
facts therest4,ed a"y authorise the assertion,
that alt the purposes far which this Government
wasxinstiiotedj have been accomplished during
four years of greater pecuniary embarrassment
than were before experienced in time of peace,
and in tbe face of opposition as formidable as any
that was ever refor. arrayed against tbe policy
of an adminisjraiion ; that tbi has been done
when the ordtbary revenues of '.be Govern meat
were generally decreasing, a9 well from the ope
ration of the laws, S3 the condition of tbe coun
try, without: tie creation of a permanent public
debt, or incurring any liability, other than sucb
as the ordinary resources of the Government will
speedily discharge, and without tbe agency of a
national banki
If this view! of the proceedings cf tbe Govern
ment, for the period it embraces.be warranted by
the facts as they are known to exist ; if the ar
bf en my parpc. c to se
core o the
of the coo
,a. 3 , U V ri V: ... ! ,?m d the
. i-i .r-. i nM a. -an ruu
cor.sf,teier,i t0 tsubhsh, and tfte tmpan .
era f which is. ip my jadgmen V indwpeosa.
ble to their preservation, l.caonot pri.ny mj?-..
in believe that :hej lasting nappioes- t
nle. the nidsWeiHy of ihe biaies, or me pero-
r.,,r f the llniohcan be maintained by Rif;
ing preferen'-e or priority to any class cf citrxens
in the distribution tt benenis or priTiirg
ibe adoption of measures which enrich one por-
tion of thejUn on at tbe expense of another; nor
cao I see in tbb interference of tne reoer-i
vernuient with the local legislation and reserve
rights of the plates a remedy for present, or a
security against lotute dangers.
The first, and (assuredly not jhe leasr. irnpor
taut step toward relieving ibe coootry from the
condition into which it had been plunged by ex
cesses in trade; banking, and credits of all kinds,
was to place ih business transactions of the lo
vernment itself on a solid basis; giving and re
ceiving in all cases value for value, aod neither
coootancingy encouragiog in others that de
losive system of credits trom which it has been
found so difficult to escape, and which has left
nothing behind it bat the-wrecks that mark its
Tatai career.! ' - ,
1'hat ihe financial affairs of the Government
ore now, and have been during the whoiejeriod
of these wide-spreading difficulties, conducted
with a strtciifnd invariant, regard to tnts great
fundamental iprinciple, and that by the assump
tion and maintenance of the eland thus taken on
tbe very threshold of the approaching crisis,
more than by any other cause or caos3 whate
ver, the commonity at large has been shielded
from tbe incalculable evils of a general and inde
finite suspension of specie payments, and a con
sequent annihilation, for the whtle period U
. . . . . n -
raiht have lasted, ol a just ana tavariaBie
dard of value, will, it is believed, at this pet tod,
scarcely be questioned.
A steady adherence, on tne part ot tne -for-eromeoi
to the policy which has produced such
salutary results aided by jodicioos State If gisla
tiun. and, what not lesa important, by the in
dustry, enterprise, perseverance and economy of
ihe American people, cannot fail to raise the
whole country, at ao eatly period, to a state of
solid and enduriog prosperity, not subject to be
again overthrown by the suspension of banks or
in exnlusion bf a bloated credit system. It is
for the pet'piei and their representatives, to d
cide whether ior hot the permanent welfare of
the country (which all good citizens equally de
sire, however widely ihey may diuer as to tne
means of its aorumpltsbmenO shall be in this
-: - . " " i ' '
Vlf- w;j'!7LI:ii Hi.. 1 frtl! Vmihhed. O-PMl.s oi nroT.
.int. rhprft nv uenei-i twj ----- r , , -
M.ir mercna-uiA. iw coo
ot-fromVashirtgioa
effect tne exprrssrv
have'roaiinoed their
"L A wwrlelltT wlllO
;.y permission. assbmed the cemmand and,
UliU snmmer operations, tt as met byprop
in For Ida w
ww " . w
irmT
ositbns fr peace; and. irom M- lame
. . r it.. ft wii in n iuiiuia "
cideoceoi wo ha ino.ernment
j -f . vii9iinn iramjBB'-riuiv". i - , . -
perioq, w .w..--r .;v;7-. Mississippi, and I sdeqnate penalties, iob -4eMraue ne orsi o
eo- Torbid totts Ciiixfn&all trade wiib tbe slave lac
J to lorieaon the coast of Afiica J giving an example
liv. to all nations in this inspect "which, if fairly M-
- . - r . ' 1 J A . iT.-.i
lowed cannot iu io proouce m mosi t ufciiYP
results tu breaking op those den f ininnltv. : .
1 M. VAN BUUEN-
f ' II M
nected-
.i ..o.iitinii ft ih alsvA .e t is
viin Hw jHwsv -. - - Mine
ondersiood; f icely -tarried by TeFsels of 11"'"
ent nations to the slave factories ; and the -ffec,s
of the factors are transported , openly from' one
slave station to anomer ,wiioooiinierrupiion or
punishment bj ' either of the nations io which
they belong engaged in the commerce of that
rPPIOn. 1 BVVU w j ww. ",uitu nuGiiiri iiim
eat caving ptr-u iue u.m io pronion oy
t thp'rr country
are now -""- - r
T . .. V.-,.A- arrA for 800-6 time CO-
f!:.: ,i, TrritorT wilhoat farther difficnl
These hopes have proved fallacious, hosi, it.es
havrbeen renewed throoghoot the "Mfdl
TerrtloVy. That this contest has endured so
Z"g $ io be attributed
trol of tbe Government. Experienced Generals
bVfVhad the command of the tronpj; officers
and soldiets have -like dUtingoisbed tbemsIvts
for tbeir activity, patience. aeuf,?2kcU -!.t;
the array has been consianuy
supplies of every description ; and we must iook
for the causes which have so long procrastinated
the issue of the contest, in the rasl extent or
the theatre of hostilities, the almost losurmmint
able obstacles presented by the nature of the
country, the climate, and the wily character or
the savages. . r
The sites for marine hospitals on therivers
and lakes, which I was authorised to select and
caaseito be purchased, have all been designated ;
but tbe tppropriation not proimg sufficient, con
ditional arrangement only have been made for
their acquisition. It is for Congress decide
whether those conemonai porcnaa-- -- -sanctioned,
and tbe humane intentions of the
Law carried into full effect.
Tn Nary, as will appear from the accompa
nyinreport of the Secretary, has been osefolly
and honorably employed in the protection cf oor
commerce and citizens in the Mediteianean, the
Pacific, on the coast of Brazil, and in the Golf
of Mexico. A small squadron, consisting of the
frigate Constellation, and ibe sloop of jwar Bos
ton, 1 under Commodore Kearny, is now on
its way to the China and IndiarrseasTtorthe pur
pose of attending to oor interests in that quarter ;
a. Cdmder Aolick.in tbe sloop of-war Yolktown,
bas oeeu instructed to visit me oauovreu u
Society Islands, the coasts of New Zealand and
Washington, December 5, 1840. "
REMARKS-
Oj Mu Hamilton C. Jones, of Rowan,
on the BUI to locale Ihe Judges,
Mr. Speaker : Tba Bill that has come
hither Horn the Senate, threatens so serioos
an infraction open ibe Judicial character of
North Carolina, that Ibis (louse will pardon
mo for occupying a small portion of their
attention in ao examination of its provisions.
It proposes that the Judges Vm bo may be
hereafter elected, shall reside, one witbm
each of the Judicial Circuits cf the State.
The effect of this rale will be to nartow
dowo tbe field of selection from the whole
State to one-seventh part of it. Nay sir,
to times of high parly excitemeiit-sacb times
as some of us have more than once witnes
sed in this Hall, it will te limited to a still
smaller fraction ; for it will be made from
the Attorneys within that limit belonging to
tbe dominant party, j Has it not been the fact
in more instances than one, and at various
times, that thero was not more than one
practising Lawyer within a given Judicial
Circuit belonging to tho party. baring a ma
jority in this Assembly ? and that Lawyer by
no means distinguished ? Yet, sir, the prac
tical operation of this law would be to
thrust greatness " on him. Will you pot,
J is tha tvlj.;V
into tbe rresVrr
ml it. shall anu
6f judicial fur.c:.
mal-admmuir.
stitulinn Puv. f;
" The Govtrr.r r
Court and Ju.f-
and all other t f
Justices cf the I
may be impecc'.
Article of tins C
TRATION or ccrr
next clanse tliat i
impeachment, n
disqailificnion,
may, nevertheh :
trial, judgment -to
law."i Sir, ji
nection, that t
which an imbV;:'
be sooiethtn re
volving a dqv-r:
honor, such S3 L
tialtty.sycopbir.
that I am njjht ;
turn to the oat'.-,
vised Statutes, t
he swears to C-j
rieh and vin.
fee, gift, eratui:
tha.t be will uct
quarrel" dr;
wflloiAui'v,
and impartial j
dividuals.' C.
of the offenr c:, '
makers of this I
peachable csa!-r
moot the q-ic:;'
power to lusnu:
out "of harta'ci:
ought not 'to d:,
to be creating r
the present ca
would bo an c
ed up before tL
every animal t
a right of dc:r
the right cf
way secur- d : or whether the maoasement ct
the peconiary concerns ot tbe Government, and
by consequence, to a great extent, those of indi
viduals aUd shall bo carried back to a condition
of things which fostered those contractions and
expansions of (be currency, sod those iecxiess
ahnsAi of Rreiift. from the hateful r7clSof which
rT...F . - -- - - .. ,
the country has io deeply suffered a retain that I first seen In lititade 66 deg. 2 auo. sou in, ton-
can promise, in tne end, no belter results man to
produce tbe embarrassments the Government bas
.lanah. together with other ooris and islands fre
quented by oar whale ibips9.for tbe purpose of bjF lfae Senate Billj choke up the spring of mstinctivo ti
giving tnem countenance aao Pv; professional merit, and lessen the quantum Sir. I may bo
tbay be reqairtd. vtnar sma.ier vco s - . q f to ,makl - iakes br; . nf hn ,
over tbe wbole atate r What will become
of tbe esprit de corps f What of that no
ble emulation, which makes the ardent mind
struggle oo to eminence, at the expense of I day, when r:
day to hold
deemed sufficient fur the defence of the country
and the protection cf its rights and its honor ; il
dizsment of particalar classes, and the gratiffca- I its civil aod diplomatic service bas bjen equally
sosiameo, uiampte provision nas oeeu maue
for tbe administration of justice and the execu
tion of the laws ; if the claims opna public grat
itude in behalf of the soldiers of the Re volution
have been promptly met, and faithfully dts
ebarged ; if there have been no failures in de
fraying the very large expenditures growing out
of that long -continued and salutary policy ot
peacefully removing the Indians to rfgioop of
comparative safety and prosperity; if the pub
lie faith has at all times, and every where, been
roost scrupulously maintained by a prompt dis-
11 .k.'a
until pnbiio j charge ol trie numerous, extended, and dtversi
people were fled claims on tbe Treasory ; if all ihpse great
and permanent objects, witb many others that
might be ; staled, have, for a series of years.
marked by j peculiar obstacles and difficulties,
been successfully accomplished without a resort
to permanent debt, or the aid of a national bank;
have we hot a right to expect thai a policy, the
object which has been to sustain the public ser
vice independently of either of these fruitful
sources of discord, will receive the final sane
lion of a people whose unbiassed and fairly eli
cited judgment upon public affairs is never olu
tnateiy wrong j
That embarrassment in the necuniarv can
cerns of individuals, of unexampled extent and
my and navy have been sustained to ihe full ex experienced ; and tu remove from the shoulders
tent authorized by law, aod which Uoocress t me present to tnuse oi rresn vicums, toe ott-
tivn of. individual cupidity is alone sufficient
independently of tbe weighty objections which
have already been orged to render Its creation
and existence the sources of bitter and unappea
sable discord. If we adJ to this, its inevitable
tendency to produce and foster extravagant ex
penditoresof the public mooey, by 'which a ne
cesstty is created for new loans and new burdenR
on tbe people ; and, finally, if we refer to the ex
am pies of every Government which has existed,
for proof bow seldom it is that tbe 6ysivm, when
once adopted and implanted in the j policy ol
country, has tailed io expand itself.
credit was exhausted, and the
no lunger able to endure its increasing weight,
it seerxs impossible to resist ihe conclusion, that
no benefits resulting from its career, no extent
of conquMt; no accession of . wealth !io particular
classes, nor any, nor all its combined advantages
can counterbalance its ultimate but; certain re
sults a splendid government, and an impover
ished people.
If a national bank was, as is cnJeotabld, repu
diated by the framers of the Const ijtaiion as in
compatible with the rights of the Slates and the
liberties of the people; if, from the beginning,
it has been regarded by large portions pf our citi
lens as comiov in direct collision whh that erreat
ter fruiis of that spirit of speculative enterprise
to which bur countrymen are so liable, and upon
which ,the lessons of experience are so ona vail
ing, l he choice is an important aae, and I sin
cerely hope trial it may be wisely made;
a rpori irqm ;ne oerreiary oi var. present
ing a detailed! view of the affairs of that depart
ment, accompanies this comauotcaiion.
The desoltury duties cunofcted with the re
moval of the Indians, in w hich the army hasben
coostaotly engaged on the northern and western
frontiers, and in r lorida, have rendered it im
practicable tq carry to td full effect the plan re
commended by the Sfcretary for improving its
discipline.' In every instance where tbe regi
ments nave been concentrated tbey have made
great pr
tbe best results may be an-
twfJQntiouajjce of this system.
j x- 'r'fo'ttfi' parl lroops naYe
' .ctf-ri SiX'ffif$'lts 'dians from the in-
V?' " J asergned them in the west
r 'ilr v 1 naTe performed efficiently,
and vital amendment of iheConstiiutin, which
declares that all powers not conferred by that
Instrument on the General Government are re
served to the Slates and to ihe people ; if it has
been viewed by them as the first great step in the
march of latitudioous construction, which un
checked, would render that sacred jinstrument of
a little value as an unwritten Constitution, de-
pendent, as it would alone bs. forlits meaning,
on the interested interpretation o( a dominant
party, and affording no securiiy iq the rights of
the minority it such is undenikbly the caie,
what rational grounds could have been conceived
for anticipating aught but determined opposition
to such an institution at the present d-y ?
Could a different result have been, expected,
when the consequences which haye flowed from
its creation, and particularly.frorh is stroggles
to perpetuate ils existence, had! conffrmeu. in so
atriKtng a manner, the apprehensions of its ear
duration, hate recently existed in this as in oth
er commercial nations, (is undoubted true. To
suppose it accessary now to trace these reverses
to their resources would be a reflection on the
intelligence qf my fellow-citizens. Whatever may
.1 i: : . i . t m.
'. J"j numaniiy , anu mai por
trNilro; whicti has been stationed in Florida
continued active operations there throughout tbe
beats of sommer
ThiB policy of the United Stales in regard to
(be Indians, of which a succinct account is giv
en in my mesgbge ? 1838, and of tbe wisdom
and expediency of which I am folly satisfied,
has been continued m active operation through
out the whole period of my administration. Since
the Spring of 1837 more than forty thousand In
dians hate been removed to their new homes west
of tbe Mississippi , and I am happy to add, that
ail accounts concur in representing the result of
, m
beani and still are. employed ta prosecuting the
surveys of tbe coast of the Uoitcd Sates, di
rected by various acts of Congress, and those
which have beeo completed will shortly be hid
before you.
The exploring expedition, at the latest date, I health aod domestic happiness ?
i r v- r t IJ..J. Kan, I
5".?:eV'n.8 '!"..T.7v STJEfc At r who ou teii tow u,a u ,s .o dimb
.h'm, Th...e.p whe,. Pd Tempi, shines
The discovery of a eew continent, wbicn was
Who would attempt to climb ? Who
would toil against tbe rugged Ptecp, when he
saw another, taken perhaps from the very
rear of tbe Profession, lifted by operation of
law to the goal of bis aspirations ? Who
would roio bis organs of digestion over the
41 digested laws," when be had t fair hope,
himself, of being thus easily translated to tbe
pinnacle of his hopes without this sacrifice ?
But I may be told, that this Bill does not
confine the selection to the Circoit. It only
provides that when selected, he shall fix! his
residence within the vacant Circuit. I will
not advert to the indelicacy cf a candidate's
making a bargain to break up bis established
home and go into an infected region, for an
office of this eacred kind ; but sir, tbe ope
ration and effect will be generally, as 1 be
fore stated it to confine the selection to
the vacant Circuit. There is no law com
pelling a Solicitor to reside within his Cir
cuit, much less to confine tbe selection to a
given section; yet, whoever thinks of any
one for that office, but the Attorneys living
wuuin tne circuit. Aitnoagb another may
have the very highest degree of qualification.
and although be may bave personal fevor and
influence in the Assembly, and although he
dsavorins to
but if I aa, V
with Ibe-aUvc:
gitnlie 153 deg. 40 min. east, by Lieutenants
Wilkes aod Hudson, for an extent of eighteen
hundred miles, bat on which they were pre
vented from landing by vast bodies of ice wbieb !
encompassed it, is one of the honorable results
of the enterprise. L.ieut winces Dears lesumo-
ny to the zeal and good conduct oi nis omcers
and men ; and it is but justice to thatomcer to
stats that be appears to have performed the da-
tte assigned to him with an order, ability, anu
perseverance, which give every assurance of ao
honorable issue to the undertaking.
The report of tbe Postmaster General, here
with transmitted, will exhibit the service of that
department the past year, and its present condi
tion. The transportation has beeo maintained
daring tbe year to the fall extent authorized by
the; ex -sting laws: some improvements nave
been effected, which the public interest seemed
urgently to demaod, but not involving any ma
terial additional expenditure ; the contractors
have generally performed their engagements
wiih ndtlity ; tbe rtmaslerijjsitjLjew excep
tiohs, have renderered their accounts and paid
their quarterly balances with promptitude ; and
the whole service of the department has main
tained tbe efficiency for which it bas for several
years been distinguished.
Tbe acts of Congress establishing new mail
routes, and requiring more expensive services on
others, and the increasing wants of the country
hate for three
something beyond
have been the obscurity in which the subiect was this measure emmentlT henpnVinl m tht nnnl
,;. J I z " ' J w mm mm w y vw
invotvea aurjng tne e3riipr stages ot tbe revol- i he emigration cf the Seminoles alone has
ston, there cannot oow be manv b vhnm tk I been attendt with cori.ms iffinnit A
wooie question is not fully understood. 1 stoned bloodshed ; hostilities having been eom
Not deeming it within the constitutional now menced by the Indians in Florida, nnder the an-
Government to repair pri prehension that they wenld becomnelled bv foree.
ers of the General
vate losses sustaioen by reverses in business
having no connexion vitb the nublic service, ei
ther by direct appropiiations from the Treasury,
or by special legislation designed to secure ex
elusive prjyileges and immuniiias to individuals
or classes in preference to and at the expohse of
Ibe great majority necessarily debarred from any
participation in tbera, no attempt lo do so has
been en her made, recommended, or encouraged,
lies'! opponents ; when it hadi been so clearly by the preseot Executive.
demonstrated that a concentrated! money power,
Wielding so vast a capital, and combininr such
incalculable means of influence. may, in those
peculiar conjunctures to which this Government
is unavoidably exposed, prove an overmatch lor
tbe political power of the people themselves ;
when the true character of its cipaVny to regulate
according to its will and its interests, and the in
teresia of ils favorites, the value and production
of the labor and property of every man in this
extended country, had beeo so fully and fearfully
devtbtped; when it was notoiibos that all classes
ortbts great community had, by means of the
power and influence it thus possesses, been in
fected to madness with aspiritof iheedless specu
lation ; when it had been seen that, secore in the
support of tbe combination of jiflijenres by which
it wa? surrounded, it conld violate its charter, and
set the laws at defiance with impinlty ; and
when, too, it bad become most a ? pa rent that to
believe that such an accumujatio cf powers can
ever be granted withont tbe (certainty of being
abused, was to iodalge in a fatal delusion?
To avoid Ihe necessity pf a permanent debt,
and its inevitable consequences, jl have advoca
ted,ahd endeavored to carry inio sffect.ihe policy
of ctnfioiog the appropriations for the public ser
vice to such objeois only as arei cliearlv within the
constitutional authority cf tbe Eede'ral Govern
ment ; of excluding from its expenses those im
provident and unauthorised gratis of pablic mo
ney fnf vrorks of internal improvement, which
were ao wwelj arrested by the Con&ti'utional
jnterposiiion of my predecessor!, and which, if
they had not been checked, iwfold loog before
this time have involved the usances of the Gen
eral Government in embarrasmenta far greater
than tbo9 which are now experienced by any of
. iae oiaies, or limiting' ail our
flat e!mpfe unostentatious aid.
tL
,S5tate, we have
peals the geel!
an earlv dav i'.
Northampton, i
of Autumnal f
this Houpo tni
earliest d3v r
throw in cur v
tains, lest the ?
. - w m m
hold ol us t
I derived fror
As, 'however, !.
wit li a hsrH v,
fever with his 1
couiu get incrr.
should be rrn
Sir, said fie to :
condition ahov;!
HUSO iiM
the noisy t;n.'
sconced on V
r.Tarinq on! v,w
f 'if ,itrr !M
of sufferers
with Qulniiit
Whet, sir, la
country as tins
of the year, v. !
years pastarried the expenditures may be a favorite with his party, (as we our- "re.rl Sa-F' "
ond the accruing revenues; the selves have witnessed at this very session,) ureIMorClJ
been met, untjl the past year, by there is always a strong disinclination to pre- lh,nS
i :
V . 7 " B ..,.. ""V , r J , i ner is always a strong disinclination to pre-
That surplns having been exbanstedod 'he an- ' . . . . V4"; i
reabzed, owing to the depression in tba com- gestioo. Like the Officer of the Sy rian King,
mercial business of the country, the finances of tbey say are not Ahana and rbarfar, rivers
tbe: department exhibit a small deficiency of Damascus, better than all the waters of
It is beljcfved. however, that ihe great hnrno-
ses for tbejattatnmcni of the Federal Govern
ment was ipsiluted, have not been lost sight of.
Introsted only with certain limtied powers, cau
tiously enunerated, distinctly specified, and de
fined with fa precision and clearness whir!.
would seept to dtfy misconstrcciton, it has been
my consiaojt aim tu c'Hifiae myself within ihe
limits so clearly marked oni, and so carefully
guarded j llaving always been of opinion that
the best prervaiive of the union of the States
is io os toond in a total aosttnerae from the ex
ercise of alt doubtful powers on the part? of the
reoerai Movernmeni, rather tJian in attempsio
assume theSm by a loose consirnctson of the con
siitution, or an inrjenioos perversion of its Wtirds,
I have endeavored to avoid recommending any
measure which I had reason to apprehend wouhf,
in ihe orjnon even of a considerable minority of
ray fellow 5it.z?ns, be regarded as trenching on
ihe rights $f ihe Slates, or the provisions of the
hallowed nstrumeni ofour Union. Viewing
the aggregate powers. of the Fedrral Govern!
ment as a jroluntaiy concession of ihe Slates, it
seems to me that such only should be exercised
as were, at the time iatended to be given.
I haye been strengthened, io, in The propriety
of this course, by Ibe conviction that ail efforts
to go beyond ibis, tend only io produce dissaiis
to comply with their treaty stipulations. The
execution of the treaty of Payne's Landing
signed in 1832, but not ratified ontil 18S4, was
postponed, at the solicitation of Ihe Indiana, nn.
til 1836, when they again renewed their agree
ment to temove peaceably to their new homes in
me tbu in ine race or this solemn and re
newed compact, they broke their faith and com
menced hostilities by the massacre of Major
Dadej Command, the murder of their agent,
Gen. Thbrbpson, and other acts of croel tieach
ery. When this alarming and unexpected in
telligence reached the seal of Government, every
effort appears to have beeo made to reinforce
General Clinch, who commanded the troops tbeo
in f tortda; iiefteTal L,usiis was despatched wilb
iriuiurupiufi.ra-! irom cnariesioo , troops were
called ooi from. Alabama, Tennessee and Geor
gia -, and General Scott was sent to take the
command . with ample powers and ample means.
A. ik n.t i i
n aidim. uenerai uaines organized a
New Orleans, and, without waiting for
aftded in Florida, where he delivered
over the: tjroops he had brought wlih him to Gen.
Scott.
Governor taJl was snbsqnently appointed to
cnndyict; a? sommer campaign, and at the close
of it was; replaced by General Jesup. These
even's Snd changes look place under the admin
iftttauoa 6f my predecessor Notwithstanding
the exejt;:ors of the experienced officers who had
commanded there for eighteen months, on enter
mgr. npt.p 1 he administration of tbe Government
I toond ihe Territory of Florida a prey to Indian
atrocities. A .strenuous effort was immediately
maue io orn. wpse oosniities to a close ; and
the ainiy under Gen. Jesup, as reinforced un
til uaaiwooied to ten thousand men. and furnish
ed with ahuidain supplies of every description.
At the
force at
orders,
faction and distrusl, to exc;te jealousies and lo In tbt.i campaign a great number of the enemy
nri,nl'D ... . I..,..J . c I i: . . I i .
expenditures to
tcoaomual tdv
provoke resistance. Instead ol ad.Jins girenth
to the td(,ral Government, even when success-,
fol, they must ever prove a four re of incurable
weakness. by alienalinga portion of lhise whose
adhesion iS indispensable lu the great aggregate
of united strength, aod whose voluntary"air.h
uientis. ioj my estimation, far mure essential to
the efficiency of a government stronj in Ihe bes
iuie siengm ine conouence and at-
racbment ol all rtose xtho make upltajor.fiTffa
were captured and destroyed ;
of the Content was onlv change
but the character
I V changed. The Indians.
baTiegjbeen deleaied in every engagement, dis
peisedji.j s.-uall banis ibronghont The countiy,
and bearpe an enierf riinr. formidable and ruth
less banditti, j Gen.Tay!or, who sueetded Gen
eral Ji-son, q?ed his best exertions to snbdoe
them, an j a$ seconded in his efforts by the offi
cers nnder .?j command, but he. tou failed to
at tne close ot me nseal year. 113 resources.
however, are ample; and the reduced rates
of compensation for tbe transpottation services,
which may be expected 00 the future let
tings, form tbe general reduction of prices, witb
the increase of revenoeuhat may reasonably be
anticipated from the revival of commercial activ
ity must soon place tbe finances of the depart
ment 10 a prosperous condition.
Considering the unfavoible circumstances which
have existed during the past year, it is a grat-
trying result mat tne revenue nas not declined,
as .compared with Ibe preceding year but,
on me contrary exibits a small increase;
circumstances referred to having no other effect
man to check the expected income.
It will be seen that the Postmaster Gen
eral sussests certain improvements in the estab-
, .
iiehment, designed to reduce the weight of the
mans, coeapea iraasportation .ensure rrreater reor-
I clarity in the service, and secore a considerable
reduction in the rates of letter nosiawe an ob
ject highly desirable. The subject is one of gen
eral interest to ine community, and is respectful
lyjfecommended to your consideration.
The suppression of the African slave-trade has
received ihe continued attention of the Govern
ment. The briff Dolphin and Rr'mnn.r firiTr.
hus have been employed during the late season
on the Coast of Africa, for the purpose of pre
venting such portions ef that trade as was said
to.be prosecuted under the American flag. Af
ter cruising off those parts of jhe coast most usu
ally resorted to by slavers, until the commence
ment of the rainy season, these vessels retcrn
ed to the United Slates for sopplies, sod have
since been despatched on a similar service.
jFrom the t reports of Jhe enrnmsnding officers,
it appcara that the trade is now principally car
ried on under Portuguese colors ; and tbey ex
press tbe opinion that the apprehension of their
ptesence 00 the slave coast has. in a great de-
Pit!: !"eed Vhe Pnwion tf the American
tJag, to ibis inhumane purrne. It is to be hop-
b.hy continuing to maintain this force in
that qnarler, and bv the exertion, nf iWm
in command, much will be done te potlastop to
wnatever pioo of this traffic
But sit they
one is otloJ
that,iir, and I
Western Liv, 5
on condition
going to live :
toes, when eve
had left there,
pat by if the t!
him. Ilea so::
if he were to
vt":!0 A0eric FI,fftIMLIft rre.
ih t,. - nicn. whuaii vlUt
Lir.7,Jt8uqQ? "7-' 0,r,8fe on ,h "f
1JM i 1 ral ""nienls u ho are anx
d0mif!fia all ,,nsi 108 wci ities af-
pstn-reo. ibnJW Bwlfiit nofaa rtimlre
Israel ? ' Are not oor owVAttorneys as good
as tbe Attorneys of. any other Circuit ? Shall
we be beholden to others for our resident
Judge 1
But what is the great good to come, of
breaking up oor old and venerated system ?
It is alleged, that great inconvenience arises! Bench would
from tbe want of a Judge in vacation, to
grant Writs of Injunction, Certiorari. Re
cordari and Habeas Corpus. To tins I an
swer ihat in all the cases mentioned, but
the last, relief can be had by preparing tbe
papers and sending them by mail even to the
most distant part of the State ; and in all
tbe cases, tbe tbree Judges ol the Supreme I by the very Lc
-Ourt nave concurrent power with the seven stonal emu
Superior Court Judges to grant these exit a-
oruinary writs. With these ten officers
scattered, not always promiscuously, (for ce
tens paribus his location is alwavs more or
less regarded in the present mode) there is
no great danger of extreme hardship. Be
it remembered, also, that-there is already a
tribunal for granting the privilege of bail : to
wit, tne examining Magistrates. If they do to tempt
not executo their office ever rmidl. ilirri is LSoesker. I 1; "-'
no necessttv for the annlintmn nan if i cfm 1 1 k e I v to
not comport with the observation of every
gentleman present that these officers, are
prone 10 tne side of mercy ? Is not such
the case even to a fault ? Let gentlemen
just consider how rarely a case of hardship
occurs in fact. When has it been seen that
a man, obviously noteuittt. bas been refused
bail in a capital case by a Magiatrite ? And
when has it occurred that even in sucb a
case be has suffered oppression long fur want
of a Judge to examine into tbe cause of de
tainer ? If such untoward occurrences do
happen, they are certainly very, rare and
ought not to form the basis of legislation.
It is wrong o reason from extreme cases,
but it is out of the question to make experi
ments upon the vital part of our Judiciary,
lest a few poor and respcgtable manshyer or
housebreakers may happen to stay in jail a
few days longer than ihey deserved.
But there is another feature in this Bill
wbtcb I regard as pecoffrfrlf otjwtianable.
sir, mere srs
situations r. c
w vi r vis n 1 1 ! 9
I VI vV W
children, w hi
forced into tu.
I need riot ttll
.
relations fire
may betraj n?.
families, and
rarr hi? f.irr;!
soon seizes
to tempt f f
wrong anJ tn
a f I
hn chcinii I
a n r.
ment to it, t'
Ihe upper cc
ship in the s
.f l. !. it rah
choose si to n
sent logo wit
Infanticide U-
1 . 1. .
brat, anu a
incur; sny r.r-
blooming
man calle.i :-!
say the If est (
istralion" cS 1
Mr. Sp:,r
. d in
State arcculir
Will require l!
of tbe Peter,
panics. Tiur
reason Sno rr'
as in the othc '
and lo do th"