North Carolina Newspapers

v t nl-J.fwo Pollars per annum in advance." - L-iisemebul inserted at $1 per sq-iare for the first, oSeents for each subsequent insertion. Court Or-v r'Sied 25 Percent higher.- - l faction 'of 33 Jj per cent, will be made to those on; being slandered, ' 1 ; V Not 431 Jtheyj say or do can make " . . t ' ; ly liad, or! tooth, or finger ache .'- ' 1 Nor (War mjj shape, nof-scar ray faw,jJfpC -i r vor ftut onqfetature out of place ; - . Nor i'ill ten( thousand thousand lies, : -. 'jlakl nie legs ;virtnous, learned or wise; i The jnost effectual way to baulk;- Theii fcaKcjs lay to let them talk; ' '. 1 i . ur ir- - -: jifc ixfffm 13' Observer RcporteFJScpt. 3. nnaiici Coukitcrfelters Arrest etf ' 1 i K, 1 1 . .-..v."- The inos extensive counterfeiting es- lishmerl , perhaps iri the United States, jiasbecn jtji t dis .ovcred in our State, witb- ia forty rn lies of fihis place, which has ;s, however, been in existence a h of fime. It is upon the farm formerly owned and occupied by the fa ther of prc$:nt ojjcupants-oAi Banton id. years before he left for Tex usaspcctcl of cjarrying on the counter feiung c-f b w atuhis establishment. In- it Vf 3 r remember rightly, , he .'was wee or twice arrested many years ago. jpoo this c larg-ej but being a very astute nan, with! .ousiderable property, he was always eni bled! to escape the punishment io which h wajs justly entitled. Finally; Wrr-ver. he was IcomnelM to leave the State, antfat'tHd last accounts from Jiim vas in that hitfierto land of refugee fAlons - ;:MTIPR .- & 'JA3IES; Editors ICS :N:0, v Proprietors, Keep acitecic won all Tora Rclees. Do toisajto LrnintTT ' . . Gen'l. Harrison. ' rKUMBEU ;23, OF VOLUMB JL IS SAFE. ! -3:sZ K - great Ieng Fromjthe National Intelli CAPTAlitftllEMbSKlioNT) RING EXPEDITION; k Wc have rjowto accompany Capt; Fre mont and hishard V and adventurous com panions on theirlliomeAVard route ; and, in doing so, we hardly know whether the courage Hvhfch-fnever quailed before the V . '' v , III.' - . dangers of that : route, the perseverance which nevertfalfered before obstacles ap parently the most unconquerable, or the promptitude? add never-failing resources which Jumished the means bv which eon. aS I bis was the rlamath lake. Il waij a pictu resque and beatiful spot, and renderotj more at tractive: to us bf the abundant anil excellent grass, which our animals, after travelling through pine forests, so much needed ; hut the hroad sheet of water which constitutes a la)ie was nit to be. seen. - Overlooking it, immediately west, were several snowy knobs, belongmrj to what we have considered a branch of thcT Cascade range. A low point covered with iWs made out into the lake, which afforded us a good place for an encampment, and for4he security of our horses, which were guarded in vitjw ion the open meadow.. The character of dourage and hostility attributed to the Indians of this quar ter induced more than' usual perceptiop ; and, seeing smokes rising from the middle of the lake (or savannah and alon the rage and perevferdnce attained their endsjj1 directed Ahe howitzer to he fired, fit was the kdmired; It is sufficient Crsfme our guides had seen it discharged ; faFm and effects he left in a three sons, one of whom b since dead, ybere they have been since Texas.1Ilis possession of h i It seems that some two months ago, G. W. Itobin? oh, (familiarly known about here as " I 'aih'liobironnvho was rais ed in Ma(li son county in this State, and vbojolloy'cd-anibling as a means of livelihood J was arrested in Columbus, Georgia, pr pissing counterfeit money. The monej cohupted of notes on the Batik of Charleston, ftid (he. South Western Rail Road Bar$ , and such; was the skill with which thrl were executed, that he sue- cccded in oljars, in from 65 to ke'rf that i , 1 a n..' passing one hundred and ninety lotcsf ot various- denominations 8100, upon a keen-sighted bro- I'iwvy receiving in reuirn goiu are most tobe that their happy; combination in this in stance led to a successful and tnost valu abte-result. Wle are confident that, what ever success may' attend the third expe dition, those engagccJUn it will deserve to oe successiui. vve iook lor us return -I with increasing I interest ; confident that the aggregate rroduction of the three ex peditions of Cipt. Fki2nont will be a source of mpre han common honor and fame to fiirr ami his worthy fellow-laborers, and redound to the credit of the coun- try- I - I . :;:r We took let .ve of the, expedition, in our notice, dt the Dallesw of the Colum- bia, about ifteei miles below the fails. of the river, viierc Capt. F. had collected a supply of pjjrovh ions sufficient for his par ty for not jess than three months, also some live cfatllc. The number of horses and mulesjmu :tcred by tbe expedition was 101 fdr "the sustenance of Which, our reliaTicje (sajys the Captain) was upon the grass whicq we should find, and the and the bursting of the -shell at a distance, which wa something like the second fire of the gun, amazed and bewildered them with delight. It inspired them with triumphant feelings ; but on the cimps'at a distance the effect was dif ferent,- for the smokes in the lake and on the shores immediately disappeared, j The point on which we were! encamped forms, with the opposite eastern shores a nar row neck, connecting the body of the lake with a deep cove or bay which receives j the princi pal affluent stream, and over the greater part, of which the water (or rather ice) ) was at this time dispersed in shallow poofs. Among the grass, and scattered over the prairie lake, appeared to be similer marshes. It is simply a shallow basin, which, for a shorjt period at the time of melting snows, is covered wjth wa ter from the neighboring mountains ; tut this probably sotfn runs off, and leaves! for I the re mainder, of the year a green savannah, through the midst of which the river Tlamath, which flows to the ocean, winds its-: way t the outlet on the southwestern side. the ajiimals bid repose the party. Forming agreeably to the best maps in my posession, a connected wjiter-line from the, Rocky moun tains to the Pjacific ocean, I felt no other anxi ety than to pass safely across the intervening deser to the banks of the Buenaventura, wler4 in the softer climate of a more southern latitude,' our horses might find grass to sustain them,! and ourselves be sheltered from the rig ors ol winter and from the inhosDitahle desort. Tho jguides who had conducted us thus far on our journey were about to return ; and I en deavored in vain to ohtain others to lead us, even for a few days, in the direction (east) which we wished to go. . The chief to whom I ap plied alleged he want of horses, and the snosv on the mountains across which our course would carry, us, and sickness of his family, as reasons for refusing t6 go with us." On the 13th, however, " in the midst of the wood, we heard the sound of golloping horses, and were agreeably surnaised bv the unex- lands beyond; but I distrusted the anrjcarance of the country, and decidetUto (blluwji plainly beaten Indian trail leading alone this (side of the lake. We were how in a country where scarcity of water and of grass makes travel ling dangerous, and Vreat caution was neces sary. On Christmas day the party bad made a tour of 4G0 miles from the -Dalies, and were in latitude 42 deg. 00 min. 09 sc:, and longitude (about) 121 deg.J: conse quently on the'di yision-line between Ore gon and Mexico. The narrative says : " We-were roused on Chrktmasmorninff bv a discharge from the small arms and howitzer era! other interesting places, where 'water and smoke or gas escape but they would require a long description; The water is impregnated with common saju but not so much as to render it unfit for general cooking ; and a mixture of snow made it pleasant to dnnk.' n , , - - Our situation now reqinredcaution. i.lncliN " ding those which' gave out from the injured ton' dition of their feet, and those stolen by Indians, we had lost, since leavmgthe Dalles of the Co lumbia, lilieen animals ; and of these, nine had been left in the last few days,y I therefore ue- , termincuV until we should reach a countiy of water and vegetation, to feel oar way ahead, by having the line' of route explored some fifieen or twenty mils in advance, and only. to leave a. ;r present encampment when hs succeeding, ono was known. ' a -Taking with me Godey and Carson, I made v to-day a thorough exploration of tho neigh-., boring valleys, and fuund ih a ravine intbo bordering . mountains god-campings flace,' where was water in springs, and a sufii-v. cient quantity, of grass fr a' night. , Over'." shadowing the springs were some trees of the sweet cotton-wood, which, after a long Interval of absence, wc saw again with pleasurei reganl-t r ing them as harbingers of & IwUer cpuntry.-7- r To us, theiy- were eloquent of greeny prairies.., and bulTalo. Wc .found here a broad and plain- .'7 ly marked trail, on which there were tracks "of ,' horses, and we appeared to have regained one ot pected arriva eral Indians. conduct inhos of our Tlamath chief, with sev. He seemed to have found his pitable in letting the strangers de- it but 2'ncr cdnt' diennnt. SMmrtlv nfti. t)e .excfigcwjEis- made, one of the notes softorous vcop which was to be its sub A It lollowino- December 11. We have the interesting particulars relative to the Tla math Indians: was apon jt xarrtination thought tobe npt genuine, y iichf led to a more criticalex .:.a!j : .fii,. -..1. ' t i e a 1 -.m ,i - puuttuuujui iiK wuumoi inem,wnen iney were all lpundf to. be qounterfeit. One half . 1 H ' ci me Dusmess iff. protested it ii subsequent he convieSion Robins protested tins that Lad rece had sold." rd, and ii nen of Columbus, hovvev- at they were genuine, un- fcvents forced upon them jui tneir Daseness.r n was thereupon arrested, but vehecientlv bit innocence, sta- b wis a lventuckv drover, and ed this monev for stock he lis i4qom however, was search- jthe liininjr of a fellow lodger's clo-ik, it u-kis djicavcred that he had con cealed near a thousand dollars of the same money, and aWo a bunch of skeleton keys,: vuicn hejlao:; with him tonswer certain purposes . H'Heiij ! lis counterfeit money fail ed him. - He w is tried before an examin ing court,! indjt in evidence heitg as we lave stated, there was no hesitation as to fis guilt d id hlefwas sent on for final Vrial Vfore thdlCrilMual Court.. Shortly after lis impjris nmfnt lie was taken sick, and yasso illlL that (he physician supposed he past die. j Undpr 'this belief himself, he-! wntfor'sA'crargentleme and made a lull confelkion arid detaildall the circum- jiaDcesauput tlie counterfeit money which stitute wThen tli sr.e was none. ! The expediti in commenced its home ward march or the . 25th of November, "At the rqques of Mr. Perkins," one of the missionaries at the Dalles "A Chinfjok Indian, a lad of nineteen, who was extiembly anfsious to 'see the whites,' and make some Incqnapntance with our institutions, was received iniojthe party; under my special charge, wilsh the Understanding that I would again ret urh him to his (riends He had lived for some time in the household of Mr. Perkins, and spoke a fowl words of tho English lan guage.' has been fouri Nhenrliduv foritsdisiosa! fndWilliarn) wate,vhe upon him. He told them u the money, as an agent. Ifromr the Barilon's (John in Lincoln county, in this thr-rft va5in ptIpiisivp man. actunri'cstiblishment, for notes as well i f01P aou t: t it was in constant" ope tiorji Ik afecuratelV described to them "ery por&n brhe. buildings as well as tpe apnaratnsl rtd Varr thi-'m tho nnmps ofmany dtl)Jir agents for the disposal A. K. Aver, a merchant of Columbus. J2? a genUeWiin of the highest respecta- ntanford dn.MrMaynast. The establish- ent'of thfe Hhhtons is abont R milps from fet plac. j yi warrant for their arrest, Wti the ifohnation of Mr. Ayer, having Fand a number of the citizens nroeeeded theVfarrh off the Bantoa's. Thev were athnmJvAt- ft the neiffhbArKood. worn fonnrl nnrl rfr I kTt The firt object which attracted Capt. Fremoxt atte fition was the Tlamath lake ; theirout! of the expedition was therefore j almos t directly south. On the 30th the Oarative furnishes" the following interesting scie itific information : Coniiifuinjr alfew miles up the left bank of the livejr, we encamped early in an open bottom anSong th(i!rines, a short distance below a lodge of the Indians. Here, along the river the bhifTtpresent escarpments seven or eight ;hundred feet in hcjight, containing strata of a ve ry fine porcelain :1 ay, overlaid, at the. height of about five hunc red feet, Jy a massive strati urn of compact ba saltohundredfeet4n4hick licss, whch agaii is succeeded above by other strata of folcanic rocks. The clay strata are variously! colored some of the very fine grain ed. Specimens rought from these have bedn subjected to micr )scopical examination by Pro fessor Bailey, of Ycst Point, and are consider ed by hiffito cons tituto one of the most remark able depfsitcs of fluviatile infusoria on record. While (tjiey uhc und in genera and species which ale comrr on in fresh water, but which rarely trive whsre thewater is even brack ish, not ne dec dedly marine form is to be found among lem ; and their fresh-water 01 igin 1 is Itjherefori beyond a doubt. It is equal ly certain that they lived and died at the situa tion whefe they were fodnd.as they could scarce- ly have Jijeen transported ny running waters J ... . 1 l ' r j.. " When wo had arrived within Half a mile of the village, two persons were seen advan- . 1. 1 .in': y. cmg to meet us ; ana, to please the lancy ol ourgnides, wc ranged ourselves Sinto a long line, riding abreast, which they galloped ahead to meet the strangers. i j s i "We were surprised, on riding up, to find ono of them a woman, having never before a squaw to take any part in the business of war. They were the village chief and his wife, who, in excitement and alarm at the unusual event and appearance, had come out toj meet their fate together. The chief was a tery .prepos sessing Indian, with-very handsome fejatures, and a singularly soft and agreeable as to at tract general notice. "The huts were grouped together on the bank of the river, which, from being spread out in a shallow marsh at the upper end of the lake, was collected here into a single stream. They were large round huts, perhaps 20 feet in diameter, with rounded tops, or which was the door by. which they descended 1 into khe in terior. Within, they were supported by posts arid beams. " Almost like plants, these people seem to have adapted themselves to the soil, antf to be growing on What the immediate locality affor ded. Their only subsistence at this time ap peared to be a small fish, ere at quantities of . - w m Heaps taught materi- feit.-.- -IT J iisume it o rcaea ana -"l extend w then proceeded to the es the, lianton's, which they found the most complete establishment for counter- tlm r..-..i it. ited Sihtesl-nrcsses. one of which will :eiSaibUl'fivIthniisnnd nnnnrl tnmn 2ruiUs, with a large quantity of iur' XUG "anions were ta .i 0 hnford tried on Saturday, and aietirni to furlhej: trial--the Courtat the 0ru1brin5 the' ShnrifT in inhn ir Jnll the above" described arfi- llr 4? .tefs we have from Mr A.? to?sd? m Mhom the people of Ken- jynHi;nued of the whole Uhionare . -VI lift) whieh, that had been smoked and dried suspended on strings about the lodge. tf straw were lying around ; and their residence in the midst of graas and rushes had them a peculiar skill in converting 'this al to useful purposes. Their shoes were made of straw orgrass, which seemed wll adapted for a snowy country ; and the wornqn wore on their head a closely woven a very good cap. Among parti-colored mats about four feet square; which j wc purchased to lay on the snow under our blankets, and to use for table cloths. " Numbers of singular-looking dgs, resem bling wolves, were sitting on the tops of the hutsj and of these we purchased a young one, which, after its birthplace, was named Tla math. The language spoken bythtse ndians is different . from that of the Shoshonee and Columbia fiver tribes ; and otherwise than by signs they cannot understand each other. They made us comprehend .that they Were at .v . . t, npnn rt .VKft ivoh t the! south. without tin admixture of sandy1 particles; fronH , n , . J ' rapf1 . h. T onlM fhiaJn wnicn, npwever, aiiey are ruuiiMKULMj jjcc ; part without 4 guide through the snow, and had come, with a few others, to pilot ul a day or two on the way. On the I4th the party struck a stream which subsequent information satisfied Capt. F., was the principal branch of the "Sacramento river ; and, consequently, that this main affluent of the bay of San Francisco had its source within the limits of jthe United States, and opposite a tributary to the Columbia, and near thejhead of the Tlamath river, which goes to the ocean north of 42, and within the United States." "December 15. A present, consisting of useful goods, afforded much satisfaction to our guides ; and, showing them the national flag, I explained that it was a symbol of our nation : and they engaged always to receive it in a friendly manner. The chief pointed out a course, by following which wc would arrive at the big water1, where no more snow was to be found." F ! On the, lOthe of December we have the following vvid description of the posi tion of the expedition, and of the scenery which surrounded them ; " We travelled this morning through snow about three febt deep, which, being crusted, ve ry much cut the feet of our animals. The mountain slilligradually rose ; we crossed se veral spring heads covered with quaking asp ; otherwise it was all pine forest. The air was dark with falling snow, which every where weighed down the trees.- I he depths of the forest were profoundly still, and below we scarce felt a breath of the wind which whirl ed the snow through their branches. I found that it required some exertion of constancy to adhere steadily: to one course -through the woods, when we were uncertain how far the forest extended, or what lay beyond; and on account of ouri animals, it would bo bad to spend anotherj night on the mountain. To words noon the forest looked clear ahead, ap pearinguddenly to terminate, and beyond a certain point vfo could see no trees. Riding rapidly ahead tlo this spot, we found ourselves ob the verge of a vertical and rocky wall of the mountain. At our feet more than a thou sand feet below vvc looked into a green prai rie country, jwhjch a beautiful lake, some twen ty! miles in length, was spread along the foot of the mountains, its shores bordered with the thoroughfares which tasslythdwatering with which our people saluted the day, and the places of the country. On the western moun,. name of which we bestowed on the lake. It tains ofthe valley, with-whichlhjs of the boiling " spring communicates, we; remarked scattered cedars -probably an indication that we were on the borders of the timbered region extending to the Pacific. We reached the camp at sunset. . after a day's ride of about 40 miles. Thehors., es we rode were in good order, being of soma that were kept for emergencies and rarely usedJ -"Mr. Preuss had ascended one of the moun-' tains, and occupied the day in sketching tho country; and Air. Fitzpatlrickhad found,' a few miles'distant, a hollow of execlic'nt grass, and rrcen grass. ust then the sun broke out a- mong the clouds, and illuminated the country below, while abound us the storm raged fierce ly Not a particle of ice was to be seen on the lake, or snjow on its borders, and all was like summer oif spring. The glow of the sun in" the valley below brightened up our hearts Fossil infusoria ota fresh-water origin had been previously detected by Mr. Bailey in specimens brought fy Mr. James D. Danna from the ter tiary formation of Oregon. MostoX the spe cies in thbse- specimens differed so much from those npr livingfand known, that he was led to infer tat theyj might belong to extinct spe cies, and considered them , also as affording proof; of ai alteration, in the formation from which . thy were obtained, of fresh aud salt water deinisitesi which, common enough in rfiurope, had not ihitherto been 'noticed in -the United Smtes.: lComing evidently from a lo cality enirely different, our' specimens show very few species in common with those brought by Mr. Danna, 1 ut bear a much closer resem blance td those inhabiting the northeastern States. t is po ssible that they are from a more recent deposito ; but the presence of a few remarkable forms which are common to the" two kicalitiei renders it more probable that . i . ; 1 j'itc : i : incre is iio great aiuerence iu iucir agct was tho first time, perhaps, in this remote and desolate region, in which it had been so com memorated. Always, on days of religious or national commemoration, our voyagcurs expect some unusual allowance ; and, having nothing else, I gave them each a little brandy, (which was carelully guarded, as one of the most use- e 1 t - . 11 . . ui arucies a traveller can carry,) with some coffee and sugar, which here, where every eat able was a luxury, was sufficient to make them a least. 1 he dav was sunrv and warm 1 and. . , - , - T resuming our journey, we crossed some slight dividing grounds into a similar basin, walled in on tho right by a lofty mountain rid-re. The plainly beaten trail still continued, and occasion ally we passed camping grounds of the Indians, which indicated to me that we were on one of the great thoroughfares of the country. In the atlernoon 1 attempted to travel in a more east ern direction ; but after a few laborious miles, was beaten back into the basin by an impassa hie country. There were fresh Indian tracks about the valley, and last night a horse was sto len. We encamped on' the valley bottom, where there was some cream-like water in ponds, colored by clay soil and frozen over. Chenopod;aceous shrubs constituted the growth, and made again our fire wood. The animals were driven to. tho hill, where there was tolera bly good grass." The general coursejf the expedition was now again south. On New Year's eve it had travelled a distanee of 571 miles from the Dalles, and its position was far from being an enviable one. "Here," sajs Capt. F., "we concluded the year 1843, and our New Year's eve was ! rath er a gloomy one. The result of our journey began to be very uncertain ; the countiy was singularly unfavorable" to travel ; the5 grasses being frequently of a very unwholesome char, acter, and the hoofs of our animals were so worn and cut by the rocks that many of them were lame and could scarcely be got along." "New Year's day, 1844. We : continued down the valley, between a dry looking black ridge on the left and a more snowy arkHiigh one on the right. Our road was bad along the bot tom, being broken by gullies and impeded by sage, and sandy on the bills, where there is not a blade of grass, nor does any appear on the mountains. The soil in many places "consists of a fine powdery sand, covered with a saline efflorescence ; and the general character of the country is desert." On the 3c January, " A fog so dense that wc could not see a hundred yards, cohered the country, and the men that were sent oiit after tho horses were bewildered and lost ; and we were consequently detained at camp until late in the day. Our situation had now become, a serious one. We had reached and run oven the posi tion where, according to the best maps in my possession, wc should have found Mary's lake, or river. We were evidently on the verge of the desert which had, been reported to us; and the appearance of the country was so forbidding that 1 Was afraid to enter it, and determined to bear away to the southward, keeping close along the mountains, in the full expectation of reach ing the Buenaventura river. This morning I put every man in camp on foot -myself, of course, among the rest and in this manner lightened by distribution the loads of the ani mals. We "travelled seven orcight miles along the ridge bordering the valley, and encamped where there were arfew bunches oft grass on the bed. of a hill torrent, without water. There were some largo artimesias ; but thej principal 9 - jojy the unexpected scene. Shivering on snow three feet deep,; and stiffening in a cold north wjnd, we exclaimed at once that the names of Sbmmer Lake iand Winter Ridge should be applied to thesi two proximate places of such j suaaen ana vioieni cumrusw 1- " We now immediately on the verge of the fo'rest land, iu which we had been travelling so so many days ; and looking forward to the east, scarce a tree was to be seen. Viewed from our elevation, the face of the country exhibited j plants are chenopodiaceous shrubs. 'The rock omy rocks andSgrass, and presented a region j composing the mountains is here changed sud irt which the larterhisia became the principal ! denlv into white granite. The fog showed the from them no certain information, j The river on which they live enters the Cascade jmoun tains on the western side of the lake, and breaks through them by a passage impractica ble for travellers ; but over the moiintaiins, to the northward, are passes which presents no other obstacle than in the most impenetrable forests. Unlike, any Indians we had previous ly seen, these wore shells in their nsesj We returned to our carrffjjlafter remaining here an hour or two, accompanied by a number of In dians., "Jn order to recruit a little the strength ' of our animals, and obtain some acquaintance with the locality, we remained hercjfor jhe re mainder of the day. By observation, the lati tude the camp was 42 56' 51", and the di amcter of the lake, or meadow, as (has been Untimated, about 20 miles. It is a pictures que and beautiful spot ; and, under tie hand ot cultivation, might become a little paradise, Game is found in the loresi; iiraoerea ana lish ligations, for his exertions etm-nj out and breaking up this" cs- 1 1 - - tfZ "eRF ana in bringing the counter ftoi Hi edlyl ie rec punishm en t they will u n- ive at the hands of a jnry ne M 1 Olives It , is said a .large TefJpre cqming over to settle in . i if it-: t .1 . v. . - . . . . 4 A 1- Wvi trees, and forthcttanufac- t ... '..; lrrt it. nnrl fortihtv rharsic- Tbe Mtitudd of this place is .44 deg. 35 J ated near th. bearf cl three . sec. longuuue i5i ues w-irivers, and on the line 01 inianu coiumuuica- n : ; if"'-i::- v- - - ' i nn with i :.iiuornia. neuc w muioua ucu tui min 25.sec. ;1 After iravelling a distance of 235 miles j from theDall4s of the Columbia, princi pally thrlugli i sandy pine forest, on De- cember Jo " 'T.T "f- ' " Th6 )untrj began to improve ;' and about 11 o'cloclwe rtached a spring; of cold water cnthe edife of d savahnah, or crassy rneadow, which our iruidefe informed us was an .arm: of i the, Tlamath lake ; and a few miles further we entered uph aiif cxtensivemeadovv,6rlake of treacb fifttlfmt tary occupation and settlement. ih lake, the further icorttinua. t ion ofniir vovace assumed a character of dis covery and explosion, which, from thp Ihdians hereIL we could obtain nonformatio todirebt and where the imaginary maps pijnti country, instead of assisting, exposed us to suffering and defeat. In our journey across the desert, Ma- rv'i lake, - and the - famous" Buenaventura rivert grass, - surrounded byV( timbered ,roountains.7-. j- were, two points on which 1 relied to recrui, wood, furnishing to its scattered inhabitants fu e for their firjes, building material for their hiits, and shelter for the small games which ministers to their hunger and nakedness. Broadlymarkejd by the boundary of the moun tain wall, and jimmediately below us, were the first waters of hat great interior basin which hds the Wahsa-tch and Bear river mountains for its eastern, and the Sierra Nevada for its western rim, and the edge of which we had en ted upwards of three months before at the Great Salt lake. ;" When we lUd sufficiently admired the scene below, we begjan to think about descending which here wajs impossible, and we returned towards the northravelling always along the rocky wall. We continued on for fouror five miles, making ineffectual attempts at several plkces ; and at length succeeded in getting down at one which was eitremely difficult of descent. NHit bad closed in before the foremost reach tops of the hills at sunset, and stars enough for observations in the early evening, and then closed over us as before. Latitude by observa tion, 40 48' 15"." " January 4.-Thc fog to-day was still more dense, and the people again were bewildered. We travelled a few miles around the western point of the ridge, and encamped where there were a few tufts of grass but no water. Our an imals were in a very alarming state, and there was increased anxiety in the camp." "January 5. Same dense fog continued, and one of the mules died iu camp this morn ing. I have had occasion to remark, on such occasions as these, that animals which are a bout to die leave the band, and, coming into the camp, lie down about the On (ho Aifi T.mii5irv thrv arrixed. savs the WJ V... - j j J . narrative, " at the most extraordinary locality of hot springs we had met during the journey. were three or four half dead dry cedar trees on the shore, and those who first arrived kindled bright fires to tight on the others. One of the mliles rolled ovler and over two or three hundred ery, it will naturally, in the progress of the jgU into a rayijne, but recovered himself, with nent of Oregon, become a. point for mili- otft any other injury than to his pack ; and the howitzer was lelt midway tne raouniain unui morning. By j-bservation the latitude of this iThe basin of the largest one has a circumfer : . . j - - , ....iv.! f,.,. i I x, , edthe bottom, nd it was dark before we all : ence oi sevt-rai uuuu w icCl, foiind ourselve4 together in the valley. There one extremity a circular space pf about fifieen leei in uiameier, enure iy occuoicu uy me uuu ing water. It boils. up at irregular intervals, and with much noise. The water is: clear, and the spring deep-; a pole about sixteen feet long was easily immersed in the centre, but we had no means of forming a good idea of jthe depth. It was surrounded on the margin withiborder of green grass, and near, the shore the temper ature of the water was 206'. . .We had no inens of ascertaining that of the centre, where thereat was greatest ; but:br dispersing -the water with a. nolel the temperature at the mar- gin was increased to 20S'and i the centre it was doubtless higher. " By driving the pole to wards the bottom, the water' made to boil-up with increased force and noise. , ihsre are scv morning, uy pose rvat ion iub iauiuu. ui iuia eiUaroproent .iaf 42-57' 22". It delayed , as u4til near noori the next day to recover our selves and put Jevery thing in" order and. we mado only . a short .camp along the western sliogof the Jalfe which irTthe summer tcm- rature we enjoyed to-day, justified; theuame wJn had ivcn it. . Our course would have taV ken us to the olher shore, and over the higV pure water, to which the animals Weredriven, - as i remamea anoiuer oay io give mem an op ' portunity to recruit theiif, strength. . Indians api V. pear to be every where prowling about. hko c - . IF' M A . ' . t- wua animals; ana mere 4 a nesn irau across the snow in the valley near.! - - ; ,-,-.f-r-. 4 ,7. " V 1 1 i' h. ) . m aTX A M mT t IA .. . -j.ainuaeoi me oouing springs, 4U4t' 40", On the 15th of January4he expedition reached the inlet of a large freshTSvater stream, which, says Captain F. ' 44 nil' - ( hhAk ...AWA I I fi rt I A MAill.A. l a .if 'o .itra. n n. 1 1 n twrrmo - 1 Vi VaabmimaI i-ki j a iii&i iiui iu iiuvia vt wtruiu,l-iiiviHV'-' but that we had discovered a large interior lake, which the Indians informed us hud no outlet. It is about thirty-five miles long and, by the mark of tho water-line along the shores! the spring le vel is about twelve feet above its present waters. The chief commenced speaking in a loud voice as we approached ; and parties of Indians arm. ed with bows and arrows issued froth the thick' ets. We selected a strong place for ojjr encamp. ment a grassy bottom, nearly enclosed by tho -river, and furnished with abundant fire-wood. The village, a collection of straw huts, was afew hundred yards higher up. An Indian brought in a large fish to trade, which wa had the inexpres sible satisfaction to find wasra salmon trout ; wo gathered around him eagerly. The Indians we ro . amused with -our delight, j-and ,,jmni?diately brouglit in numbers ; so that the camp was soon, stocked. Their flavor wasxcellent,; superior -iniact to any fish I had ever known.' They were of extraordinary size about" as large as tho Columbia river salmon-gcnerally from two to four feet in length." ) ' ,. " These Indians were verv fat. and anneared - to live an easy and happy life4. They "Crowded Into the camp more than was consistent wjlh our safety, retaining always their arms ; and, aStfiey made some unsatisfactory demonstrations, 'they were giveffto understand that they would not bo permitled to come armed into ,the camp ; and -strong guards were kept with the horses... Strict vigilance was maintained among the people, and : one-third at a time were kent on truarddurinir tho night. There is no reason to doubt that Ibeso dispositions, unifi.nnly preserved, conducted our party securely through Indians famed for tjcacb " in me meantime, suco a sauuon-irom teast , as is seldom seerhwas going on in"oor camp ; and in every variety of manner m which fish' Milrl Ka n.nna roil n!!al CrtA nnrl V-ncfrrl in . the ashes was put into requisition ; and "every . few minutes an Indian would be seen running ofT to spear a fresh lone. Whether-these 'Indians had seen whites before we could not be certain i.... l i : : ...i.i. others who had, as one of; them had some brass-. buUons, and we noticed several other articles of civilized manufacture. We could ohtain from them but little information respecting the coiin-; try. They made onihe ground a drawing of the 1 ?river, which they represented ias issuing from V i .atli. v.. 'c. . j anoincr iaKe in ine mounittins uireu or lour uaj . distant, in a direction a little westofsduth; be' yond which, they drew a mountain ; ahd further? still, two rivers ; on one of which they told us ; that people like ourselves travelled.! ? Vhether ihv nlliirlnrl fr ihn enttlpmenLi un the Sacramen." to, or to a party from the United States which had crossed the Sierra about three degijees to tho southward, a few years sincei I am ufiable tode-; termine. . - :i " I tried unsuccessfully to prevail on some f them to guide us for a few days on the road, butL they only look ed.t each other and laughed On the 21th of January we meet with r .it ; a'. ; t.i: - it iJJi L- ine loiiowingiraiisoi xuuiau iiiu auu iuaii- i ners : - if;-. " A man was discovered running towards the camp as we were about to start this morning. who proved to be an Indian of rather advanced - age a sort of forlorn hope, who'seemedta have 1 1 ' .1 1 iT. !tnv,ll ueen worKea up into me resoiuiioa o i-tniMg m . strangers who passing through, tfeecountry .-. He seized the hand of the first man he metiui hq 3 came up, out of breath, and held on, as if to ; as-, sure himself of protection. He broughtf wilh j him in a little skin bag a few lbs. of the seeds of a pine tree, which to-day we saw (bribe first time, and which Dr. Torroy has described as a new. species, under the name of pinusmonojhyllus f in popular language, it might be called the jiut". pine, We purchased them all trom ntnu , ine . nut is oiiy, oi vprj jigrec-ow uaui, tiu iii. - m.4 ' ' . ...' .I."--' l 1- be very uuirniuws, a.3 iiwuuimc iuc iiiivipai subsistence of the tribetf amonffwhieb we were now trarelling.By a presentof scarlet cloth ' , -! .. . . .- ..:inj ..rrn ana oinervsinKing uruuica wo irc.aiit-u uj , this man to he our.gilide of two days journej. As clearly as jpossible by signs, vwelmado him understand our object ;,!and he etogag.' edtbeonduct us in sfght of a good pass whiclL he knew Here we ceased to hear the Shosho- nee" Tanguage ; that oHbis man being perfectly ...'-...iti!.M .-.- 1 Q..Apnl Ltflians. whohad been uui 111 r: 1 1 1 " 1 iiil. - c - --. waiting To see what; reception' he would meet with, now came ihio camp ; and, -accompanied by the new comers, wc resumed pur journey." r . - 1 -- ' , , r" - J.1. - . - ,v T -? - - ' " " f 3